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Ge B, Hu L, Yu X, Wang L, Fernandez C, Yang N, Liang Q, Yang QH. Engineering Triple-Phase Interfaces around the Anode toward Practical Alkali Metal-Air Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400937. [PMID: 38634714 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Alkali metal-air batteries (AMABs) promise ultrahigh gravimetric energy densities, while the inherent poor cycle stability hinders their practical application. To address this challenge, most previous efforts are devoted to advancing the air cathodes with high electrocatalytic activity. Recent studies have underlined the solid-liquid-gas triple-phase interface around the anode can play far more significant roles than previously acknowledged by the scientific community. Besides the bottlenecks of uncontrollable dendrite growth and gas evolution in conventional alkali metal batteries, the corrosive gases, intermediate oxygen species, and redox mediators in AMABs cause more severe anode corrosion and structural collapse, posing greater challenges to the stabilization of the anode triple-phase interface. This work aims to provide a timely perspective on the anode interface engineering for durable AMABs. Taking the Li-air battery as a typical example, this critical review shows the latest developed anode stabilization strategies, including formulating electrolytes to build protective interphases, fabricating advanced anodes to improve their anti-corrosion capability, and designing functional separator to shield the corrosive species. Finally, the remaining scientific and technical issues from the prospects of anode interface engineering are highlighted, particularly materials system engineering, for the practical use of AMABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingcheng Ge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Lixu Wang
- Fujian XFH New Energy Materials Co, Ltd, No. 38, Shuidong Industry Park, Yongan, 366000, China
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB107QB, UK
| | - Nianjun Yang
- Department of Chemistry & IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Qinghua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Quan-Hong Yang
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, TianjinUniversity, Tianjin, 300072, China
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He X, Ni Y, Ma W, Zhang Q, Hao Z, Hou Y, Li H, Yan Z, Zhang K, Chen J. PVDF-HFP@Nafion-based quasisolid polymer electrolyte for high migration number in working rechargeable Na-O 2 batteries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320012121. [PMID: 38809713 PMCID: PMC11161764 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320012121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Rechargeable sodium-oxygen (Na-O2) battery is deemed as a promising high-energy storage device due to the abundant sodium resources and high theoretical energy density (1,108 Wh kg-1). A series of quasisolid electrolytes are constantly being designed to restrain the dendrites growth, the volatile and leaking risks of liquid electrolytes due to the open system of Na-O2 batteries. However, the ticklish problem about low operating current density for quasisolid electrolytes still hasn't been conquered. Herein, we report a rechargeable Na-O2 battery with polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene recombination Nafion (PVDF-HFP@Nafion) based quasisolid polymer electrolyte (QPE) and MXene-based Na anode with gradient sodiophilic structure (M-GSS/Na). QPE displays good flame resistance, locking liquid and hydrophobic properties. The introduction of Nafion can lead to a high Na+ migration number (tNa+ = 0.68) by blocking the motion of anion and promote the formation of NaF-rich solid electrolyte interphase, resulting in excellent cycling stability at relatively high current density under quasisolid environment. In the meantime, the M-GSS/Na anode exhibits excellent dendrite inhibition ability and cycling stability. Therefore, with the synergistic effect of QPE and M-GSS/Na, constructed Na-O2 batteries run more stably and exhibit a low potential gap (0.166 V) after an initial 80 cycles at 1,000 mA g-1 and 1,000 mAh g-1. This work provides the reference basis for building quasisolid state Na-O2 batteries with long-term cycling stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Youxuan Ni
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Wenjiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha410082, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Zhenkun Hao
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
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3
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Yu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang P, Jia X, Song H, Zhong S, Liu J. Massively Reconstructing Hydrogen Bonding Network and Coordination Structure Enabled by a Natural Multifunctional Co-Solvent for Practical Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400336. [PMID: 38605606 PMCID: PMC11165558 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) is hindered by the crazy Zn dendrites growth and the H2O-induced side reactions, which rapidly consume the Zn anode and H2O molecules, especially under the lean electrolyte and Zn anode. Herein, a natural disaccharide, d-trehalose (DT), is exploited as a novel multifunctional co-solvent to address the above issues. Molecular dynamics simulations and spectral characterizations demonstrate that DT with abundant polar -OH groups can form strong interactions with Zn2+ ions and H2O molecules, and thus massively reconstruct the coordination structure of Zn2+ ions and the hydrogen bonding network of the electrolyte. Especially, the strong H-bonds between DT and H2O molecules can not only effectively suppress the H2O activity but also prevent the rearrangement of H2O molecules at low temperature. Consequently, the AZIBs using DT30 electrolyte can show high cycling stability even under lean electrolyte (E/C ratio = 2.95 µL mAh-1), low N/P ratio (3.4), and low temperature (-12 °C). As a proof-of-concept, a Zn||LiFePO4 pack with LiFePO4 loading as high as 506.49 mg can be achieved. Therefore, DT as an eco-friendly multifunctional co-solvent provides a sustainable and effective strategy for the practical application of AZIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanze Yu
- Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Higher Education InstitutionsCollege of Chemical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong266042P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Separator for Chemical Power SourcesSchool of Chemistry and EngineeringWeifang Vocational CollegeWeifangShandong261108P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Higher Education InstitutionsCollege of Chemical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong266042P. R. China
| | - Xu Jia
- Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Higher Education InstitutionsCollege of Chemical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong266042P. R. China
| | - Hongjiang Song
- Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Higher Education InstitutionsCollege of Chemical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong266042P. R. China
| | - Shengkui Zhong
- College of Marine Science and TechnologyYazhou Bay Innovation Research InstituteHainan Tropical Ocean UniversitySanyaHainan572022P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Higher Education InstitutionsCollege of Chemical EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong266042P. R. China
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4
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Chen J, Zhang H, Yu F, Chen Y. Evaluation of Polymetallic Phosphide Cathodes for Sodium-Air Batteries by Distribution of Relaxation Time. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26226-26233. [PMID: 38723247 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-oxygen batteries are emerging as a new energy storage system because of their high energy density and low cost. However, the cycling performance of the battery is not satisfying due to its insulating discharge product. Here, we synthesized metallic phosphides with gradient concentration (g-CoNiFe-P) and their uniform counterpart (CoNiFe-P) as cathode catalysts in a Na-O2 battery. Notably, the distribution of relaxation time (DRT) was utilized to identify the rate-determining step in a Na-O2 battery, evaluate the catalytic performance of the catalysts, and monitor the change of every single electrochemical process along the whole cycling process to study the degradation mechanism. The g-CoNiFe-P catalyst presented better initial capacity and cycling performances. The evolution of the kinetic processes resulting in battery degradation has been investigated by DRT analysis, which assists with characterizations. Our work demonstrates the application of DRT in battery diagnosis to evaluate the catalytic performance of catalysts and monitor the changes in different kinetic processes of new energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Fengjiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
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5
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Yuan R, Tan C, Zhang Z, Zeng L, Kang W, Liu J, Gao X, Tan P, Chen Y, Zhang C. Topological Engineering Electrodes with Ultrafast Oxygen Transport for Super-Power Sodium-Oxygen Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311627. [PMID: 38174767 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-oxygen battery has attracted tremendous interest due to its extraordinary theoretical specific energy (1605 Wh kg-1 NaO2) and appealing element abundance. However, definite mechanistic factors governing efficient oxygen diffusion and consumption inside electrolyte-flooded air cathodes remain elusive thus precluding a true gas diffusion electrode capable of high discharge current (i.e., several mA cm-2) and superior output power. Herein, 3D-printing technology is adopted to create gas channels with tailored channel size and structure to demystify the diffusion-limited oxygen delivery process. It is revealed that as the clogging discharging products increase, large channel size, and interconnected channel structure are essential to guaranteeing fast O2 diffusion. Moreover, to further encourage O2 diffusion, a bio-inspired breathable cathode with progressively branching channels that balances between O2 passage and reaction is 3D printed. This elaborated 3D electrode allows a sodium-oxygen cell to deliver an impressive discharging current density of up to 4 mA cm-2 and an output power of 8.4 mW cm-2, giving rise to an outstanding capacity of 18.4 mAh cm-2. The unraveled mystery of oxygen delivery enabled by 3D printing points to a valuable roadmap for the rational design of metal-air batteries toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Future Battery Research Center, Global Institute of Future Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhuojun Zhang
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Li Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wenbin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiangwen Gao
- Future Battery Research Center, Global Institute of Future Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Department of Thermal Science and Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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6
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Lu X, Zhao X, Ding S, Hu X. 3D mixed ion/electron-conducting scaffolds for stable sodium metal anodes. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3379-3392. [PMID: 38227469 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05814j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Sodium (Na) metal batteries represent an optimal choice for the forthcoming generation of large-scale, cost-effective energy storage systems. However, Na metal anodes encounter several formidable challenges during the Na plating and stripping processes, which encompass the formation of an unstable solid electrolyte interface, uncontrollable dendrite growth, and infinite volume expansion. These issues result in a reduced Coulombic efficiency, shortened battery lifespan, and potential safety hazards, thereby constraining their commercial development. Therefore, addressing these challenges to ensure the cycling stability of Na metal anodes stands as a paramount requirement for practical applications. Among the reported strategies, three-dimensional conductive scaffolds possessing a high surface area and porous structure are acknowledged for their significant potential in stabilizing Na metal anodes. Compared with conventional electron-conducting scaffolds, emerging mixed ion/electron-conductive (MIEC) scaffolds provide rapid ion/electron transport pathways, which enable uniform Na+ flux and promote dendrite-free Na deposition, thus improving the cycle life of Na metal anodes, even at high current densities and large areal capacities. Therefore, this review primarily emphasizes the recent progress in applying MIEC scaffolds to Na metal anodes. It introduces diverse design methods, examines the electrochemical performance of MIEC scaffolds, and delves into their regulation mechanisms over Na deposition behaviour. Finally, the development prospects and research strategies for MIEC scaffolds from both fundamental research and practical application perspectives are discussed, suggesting directions for further designing high-performance Na metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxia Zhao
- Shaanxi Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujiang Ding
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaofei Hu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Stigliano PL, Ortiz-Vitoriano N, Medinilla L, Bara JE, López Del Amo JM, Lezama L, Forsyth M, Mecerreyes D, Pozo-Gonzalo C. Bio-based ether solvent and ionic liquid electrolyte for sustainable sodium-air batteries. Faraday Discuss 2024; 248:29-47. [PMID: 37814915 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00096f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-air batteries (SABs) are receiving considerable attention for the development of next generation battery alternatives due to their high theoretical energy density (up to 1105 W h kg-1). However, most of the studies on this technology are still based on organic solvents; in particular, diglyme, which is highly flammable and toxic for the unborn child. To overcome these safety issues, this research investigates the first use of a branched ether solvent 1,2,3-trimethoxypropane (TMP) as an alternative electrolyte to diglyme for SABs. Through this work, the reactivity of the central tertiary carbon in TMP towards bare sodium metal was identified, while the addition of N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C4mpyr][TFSI]) as a co-solvent proved to be an effective strategy to limit the reactivity. Moreover, a Na-β-alumina disk was employed for anode protection, to separate the TMP-based electrolyte from the sodium metal. The new cell design resulted in improved cell performance: discharge capacities of up to 1.92 and 2.31 mA h cm-2 were achieved for the 16.6 mol% NaTFSI in TMP and 16.6 mol% NaTFSI in TMP/[C4mpyr][TFSI] compositions, respectively. By means of SEM, Raman and 23Na NMR techniques, NaO2 cubes were identified to be the major discharge product for both electrolyte compositions. Moreover, the hybrid electrolyte was shown to hinder the formation of side-products during discharge - the ratio of NaO2 to side-products in the hybrid electrolyte was 2.4 compared with 0.8 for the TMP-based electrolyte - and a different charge mechanism for the dissolution of NaO2 cubes for each electrolyte was observed. The findings of this work demonstrate the high potential of TMP as a base solvent for SABs, and the importance of careful electrolyte composition design in order to step towards greener and less toxic batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre L Stigliano
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nagore Ortiz-Vitoriano
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01510, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Lidia Medinilla
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01510, Spain.
| | - Jason E Bara
- The University of Alabama, Dept. of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0203, USA
| | - Juan Miguel López Del Amo
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01510, Spain.
| | - Luis Lezama
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Cristina Pozo-Gonzalo
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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8
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Fernández-Vidal J, Hardwick LJ, Cabello G, Attard GA. Effect of alkali-metal cation on oxygen adsorption at Pt single-crystal electrodes in non-aqueous electrolytes. Faraday Discuss 2024; 248:102-118. [PMID: 37753622 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00084b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Group 1 alkali-metal cations (Na+, K+, and Cs+) on the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-based electrolytes was investigated. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) utilising different Pt-electrode surfaces (polycrystalline Pt, Pt(111) and Pt(100)) was undertaken to investigate the influence of surface structure upon the ORR and OER. For K+ and Cs+, negligible variation in the CV response (in contrast to Na+) was observed using Pt(111), Pt(100) and Pt(poly) electrodes, consistent with a weak surface-metal/superoxide complex interaction. Indeed, changes in the half-wave potentials (E1/2) and relative intensities of the redox peaks corresponding to superoxy (O2-) and peroxy (O22-) ion formation were consistent with a solution-mediated mechanism for larger cations, such as Cs+. Support for this finding was obtained via in situ shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS). During the ORR and in the presence of Cs+, O2- and weakly adsorbed caesium superoxide (CsO2) species were detected. Because DMSO was found to strongly interact with the surface at potentials associated with the ORR, CsO2 was readily displaced at more negative potentials via increased solvent adsorption at the surface. This finding highlights the important impact of the solvent during ORR/OER reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fernández-Vidal
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, L69 7ZF Liverpool, UK
| | - Laurence J Hardwick
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, L69 7ZF Liverpool, UK
| | - Gema Cabello
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, L69 7ZF Liverpool, UK
| | - Gary A Attard
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD Liverpool, UK.
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9
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Li X, Xu P, Ni H, Lin X, Wang Y, Fan J, Zheng M, Yuan R, Dong Q. Regulating SEI Components of Sodium Anode via Capturing Organic-Molecule Intermediates in Ester-Based Electrolyte. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300388. [PMID: 37316995 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly reversible sodium metal anodes are still regarded as a stubborn hurdle in ester-based electrolytes due to the issue of uncontrollable dendrites and incredibly unstable interphase. Evidently, a strong protective film on sodium is decisive, while the quality of the protective film is mainly determined by its components. However, it is challenging to actively adjust the expected components. This work can regulate the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) components by introducing a functional electrolyte additive (2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazoline hexafluorophosphate (CDIH, namely CDI+ +PF6 - )) into FEC/PC ester-based electrolyte. Specifically, the chloride element in the CDI+ can easily react to form a NaF/NaCl-rich SEI together with the decomposition products of FEC; then the CDI+ without chlorine as a gripper to capture the organic-molecule intermediates generated during FEC decomposition to greatly reduce the content of unstable organic components in SEI, which can be confirmed by molecular dynamic simulation and experiment. Eventually, a highly reversible Na deposition behavior can be delivered. As expected, under the action of CDIH additives, the Na||Na symmetrical cell performs an excellent long-term cycling (>800 h, 0.5 mA cm-2 -0.5 mAh cm-2 ) and rate performance (0.5-4 mA cm-2 ). Furthermore, the Na||PB full cell exhibits the outstanding electrochemical performance with small polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Xiamen University, Engineering Research Centre of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Xiamen University, Engineering Research Centre of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hongbin Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Xiamen University, Engineering Research Centre of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Xiamen University, Engineering Research Centre of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Xiamen University, Engineering Research Centre of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jingmin Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Xiamen University, Engineering Research Centre of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Mingsen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Xiamen University, Engineering Research Centre of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ruming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Xiamen University, Engineering Research Centre of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Quanfeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Xiamen University, Engineering Research Centre of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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10
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Huang J, Wu K, Xu G, Wu M, Dou S, Wu C. Recent progress and strategic perspectives of inorganic solid electrolytes: fundamentals, modifications, and applications in sodium metal batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37365900 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state electrolytes (SEs) have attracted overwhelming attention as a promising alternative to traditional organic liquid electrolytes (OLEs) for high-energy-density sodium-metal batteries (SMBs), owing to their intrinsic incombustibility, wider electrochemical stability window (ESW), and better thermal stability. Among various kinds of SEs, inorganic solid-state electrolytes (ISEs) stand out because of their high ionic conductivity, excellent oxidative stability, and good mechanical strength, rendering potential utilization in safe and dendrite-free SMBs at room temperature. However, the development of Na-ion ISEs still remains challenging, that a perfect solution has yet to be achieved. Herein, we provide a comprehensive and in-depth inspection of the state-of-the-art ISEs, aiming at revealing the underlying Na+ conduction mechanisms at different length scales, and interpreting their compatibility with the Na metal anode from multiple aspects. A thorough material screening will include nearly all ISEs developed to date, i.e., oxides, chalcogenides, halides, antiperovskites, and borohydrides, followed by an overview of the modification strategies for enhancing their ionic conductivity and interfacial compatibility with Na metal, including synthesis, doping and interfacial engineering. By discussing the remaining challenges in ISE research, we propose rational and strategic perspectives that can serve as guidelines for future development of desirable ISEs and practical implementation of high-performance SMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Kuan Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Minghong Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shixue Dou
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
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11
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Xu C, Dong Y, Shen Y, Zhao H, Li L, Shao G, Lei Y. Fundamental Understanding of Nonaqueous and Hybrid Na-CO 2 Batteries: Challenges and Perspectives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206445. [PMID: 36609796 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alkali metal-CO2 batteries, which combine CO2 recycling with energy conversion and storage, are a promising way to address the energy crisis and global warming. Unfortunately, the limited cycle life, poor reversibility, and low energy efficiency of these batteries have hindered their commercialization. Li-CO2 battery systems have been intensively researched in these aspects over the past few years, however, the exploration of Na-CO2 batteries is still in its infancy. To improve the development of Na-CO2 batteries, one must have a full picture of the chemistry and electrochemistry controlling the operation of Na-CO2 batteries and a full understanding of the correlation between cell configurations and functionality therein. Here, recent advances in CO2 chemical and electrochemical mechanisms on nonaqueous Na-CO2 batteries and hybrid Na-CO2 batteries (including O2 -involved Na-O2 /CO2 batteries) are reviewed in-depth and comprehensively. Following this, the primary issues and challenges in various battery components are identified, and the design strategies for the interfacial structure of Na anodes, electrolyte properties, and cathode materials are explored, along with the correlations between cell configurations, functional materials, and comprehensive performances are established. Finally, the prospects and directions for rationally constructing Na-CO2 battery materials are foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfan Xu
- Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Yulian Dong
- Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Yonglong Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huaping Zhao
- Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Liqiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guosheng Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
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12
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Qin L, Schkeryantz L, Wu Y. Designing High-Donicity Anions for Rechargeable Potassium Superoxide/Peroxide Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213996. [PMID: 36622734 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A battery cathode based on the superoxide/peroxide redox not only inherits the advantage of oxygen (O2 ) batteries in high capacities and low costs but also overcomes the disadvantages in O2 storage, electrolyte evaporation, and anode deactivation due to O2 crossover. Herein, we report an enhanced potassium superoxide (KO2 )/peroxide (K2 O2 ) conversion by adopting a high-donicity anion additive in the ether-based electrolyte. Such an anion was synthesized via a "Solvent-in-Anion" strategy and validated to enhance the electron donicity of the electrolyte. The use of high-donicity anion could lead to enhanced KO2 utilization (≈90.2 %) by retarding electrode passivation and allow the full charging back of K2 O2 through the solution-mediated pathway without electrocatalysts. No apparent cell degradation is observed during the first 120 cycles by controlling the reversible depth-of-discharge capacity at 292 mAh g-1 KO 2 ${{_{{\rm KO}{_{2}}}}}$ within an O2 -free region. The K-KO2 cell delivers a high energy efficiency (>84.4 %) and a lifespan of over 1440 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Luke Schkeryantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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13
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Chen X, Guo J, Liu J, Luo Z, Zhang X, Qian D, Sun-Waterhouse D, Waterhouse GIN. Nanostructure Engineering and Electronic Modulation of a PtNi Alloy Catalyst for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis in Zinc-Air Batteries. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1740-1747. [PMID: 36758156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PtNi nanoalloys have demonstrated electrocatalysis superior to that of benchmark Pt/C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), yet the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. Herein, a PtNi/NC catalyst comprising PtNi nanoparticles (∼5.2 nm in size) dispersed on N-doped carbon frameworks was prepared using a simple pyrolysis strategy. Benefiting from the individual components and a hierarchical structure, the PtNi/NC catalyst exhibited outstanding ORR activity and stability (E1/2 = 0.82 V vs RHE and 8 mV negative shift after 20000 cycles), outperforming a commercial 20 wt % Pt/C catalyst (E1/2 = 0.81 V and 32 mV negative shift). A prototype zinc-air battery constructed using PtNi/NC as the air electrode catalyst achieved highly enhanced electrochemical performance, outperforming a battery constructed using Pt/C as the ORR catalyst. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the improved ORR activity of the PtNi nanoalloys originated from charge redistribution with a suitable metal d-band center to promote the formation of the ORR intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Yoening Tianci Mining Changsha Technology Center, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiangnan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ziyu Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Dong Qian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | | | - Geoffrey I N Waterhouse
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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14
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Portenkirchner E. Substantial Na-Ion Storage at High Current Rates: Redox-Pseudocapacitance through Sodium Oxide Formation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4264. [PMID: 36500888 PMCID: PMC9737611 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Batteries and supercapacitors, both governed by electrochemical processes, operate by different electrochemical mechanisms which determine their characteristic energy and power densities. Battery materials store large amounts of energy by ion intercalation. Electrical double-layer capacitors store charge through surface-controlled ion adsorption which leads to high power and rapid charging, but much smaller amounts of energy stored. Pseudocapacitive materials offer the promise to combine these properties by storing charge through surface-controlled, battery-like redox reactions but at high rates approaching those of electrochemical double-layer capacitors. This work compares the pseudo-capacitive charge storage characteristics of self-organized titanium dioxide (TiO2-x) nanotubes (NTs) to flat TiO2-x surface films to further elucidate the proposed charge storage mechanism within the formed surface films. By comparing TiO2-x NTs to flat TiO2-x surface films, having distinctively different oxide mass and surface area ratios, it is shown that NaO2 and Na2O2 formation, which constitutes the active surface film material, is governed by the metal oxide bulk. Our results corroborate that oxygen diffusion from the lattice oxide is key to NaO2 and Na2O2 formation.
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15
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Yuan Z, Mao H, Yu D, Chen X. Photo-Assisted Metal-Air Batteries: Recent Progress, Challenges and Opportunities. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202202920. [PMID: 36437508 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To meet the need of high energy density, long durability, safe and cost-efficient energy conversion and storage devices, metal-air batteries like Li-O2 and Zn-O2 batteries have received enormous attention and were subject to exciting development in the past decade. Photo-assisted strategies that enable the effective combination of photo/electric energy conversion/storage render a new dimension for the conventional metal-air batteries techniques with mere electric energy utilization. Therefore, tremendous research is ongoing in search of more efficient and durable devices with photo-assisted strategies. This review provides an overview of photo-assisted Li-O2 batteries, Zn-O2 batteries, and batteries with various metal/air components. The working mechanism, the basic device architecture and practical performances of various photo-assisted systems are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, certain technical challenges and future opportunities for the photo-assisted metal air batteries are emphasized and discussed in the hope of stimulating further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongke Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Jieyang Branch of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang, 515200, P. R. China
| | - Houzai Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dingshan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer-Based Composites of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.,Jieyang Branch of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang, 515200, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer-Based Composites of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.,Jieyang Branch of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Jieyang, 515200, P. R. China
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16
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Hu X, Zhang Y, Wang P, Matios E, Li W. Suppression of Gas Crossover and Dendrite Growth in Sodium-Gas Batteries across a Wide Operating Temperature Range. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17965-17972. [PMID: 36150109 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Enabling highly stable alkali metal anodes in gas atmospheres, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, is critical for the implementation of emerging metal-gas batteries with high energy density and improved safety. Herein, we demonstrate a three-salt electrolyte system to tackle the problems of gas crossover and uncontrolled metallic dendrite growth for all-climate sodium-gas batteries by the formation of an electrochemically/chemically stable solid electrolyte interphase that is rich in fluoride and sulfate compounds. Consequently, the sodium metal anodes present high reversible capacity (10 mAh cm-2 at 1.5 mA cm-2) and long cycle life (2000 h) in gas atmospheres across a wide operating temperature range. Using the three-salt electrolyte, all-climate sodium-oxygen and sodium-carbon dioxide batteries are demonstrated with a reversible capacity of 1000 mAh g-1 over 100 cycles at ambient temperature and good adaptability to temperatures from -60 to 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Hu
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Peiyu Wang
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Edward Matios
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Weiyang Li
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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17
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Sandagiripathira K, Moghaddasi MA, Shepard R, Smeu M. Investigating the role of structural water on the electrochemical properties of α-V 2O 5 through density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24271-24280. [PMID: 36172789 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05291h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The α polymorph of V2O5 is one of the few known cathodes capable of reversibly intercalating multivalent ions such as Mg, Ca, Zn and Al, but suffers from sluggish diffusion kinetics. The role of H2O within the electrolyte and between the layers of the structure in the form of a xerogel/aerogel structure, though, has been shown to lower diffusion barriers and lead to other improved electrochemical properties. This density functional theory study systematically investigates how and why the presence of structural H2O within α-V2O5 changes the resulting structure, voltage, and diffusion kinetics for the intercalation of Li, Na, Mg, Ca, Zn, and Al. We found that the coordination of H2O molecules with the ion leads to an improvement in voltage and energy density for all ions. This voltage increase was attributed to the extra host sites for electrons present with H2O, thus leading to a stronger ionization of the ion and a higher voltage. We also found that the increase in interlayer distance and a potential "charge shielding" effect drastically changes the electrostatic environment and the resulting diffusion kinetics. For Mg and Ca, this resulted in a decrease in diffusion barrier from 1.3 eV and 2.0 eV to 0.89 eV and 0.4 eV, respectively. We hope that our study motivates similar research regarding the role of water in both V2O5 xerogels/aerogels and other layered transition metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveen Sandagiripathira
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University - SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
| | - Mohammad Ali Moghaddasi
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University - SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
| | - Robert Shepard
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University - SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA. .,Department of Mathematics and Technology, Alvernia University, 400 Saint Bernardine Street, Reading, Pennsylvania 19607, USA.
| | - Manuel Smeu
- Department of Physics, Binghamton University - SUNY, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA.
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18
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Serdtsev AV, Medvedeva NI. Electronic structure, sodium diffusion and redox potentials of
low‐symmetry Na
M
Fe
(
MoO
4
)
3
(
M
= Mg, Ni). J Comput Chem 2022; 43:953-960. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Zhang J, Zhang XG, Dong JC, Radjenovic PM, Young DJ, Yao JL, Yuan YX, Tian ZQ, Li JF. Real-Time Monitoring of Surface Effects on the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Mechanism for Aprotic Na-O 2 Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20049-20054. [PMID: 34812610 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Discharging of aprotic sodium-oxygen (Na-O2) batteries is driven by the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction in the presence of sodium cations (Na+-ORR). However, the mechanism of aprotic Na+-ORR remains ambiguous and is system dependent. In-situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy has been employed to study the aprotic Na+-ORR processes at three atomically ordered Au(hkl) single-crystal surfaces for the first time, and the structure-intermediates/mechanism relationship has been identified at a molecular level. Direct spectroscopic evidence of superoxide on Au(110) and peroxide on Au(100) and Au(111) as intermediates/products has been obtained. Combining these experimental results with theoretical simulation has revealed that the surface effect of Au(hkl) electrodes on aprotic Na+-ORR activity is mainly caused by the different adsorption of Na+ and O2. This work enhances our understanding of aprotic Na+-ORR on Au(hkl) surfaces and provides further guidance for the design of improved Na-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xia-Guang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jin-Chao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Petar M Radjenovic
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - David James Young
- College of Engineering, Information Technology and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
| | - Jian-Lin Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ya-Xian Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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20
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Han C, Wang X, Peng J, Xia Q, Chou S, Cheng G, Huang Z, Li W. Recent Progress on Two-Dimensional Carbon Materials for Emerging Post-Lithium (Na +, K +, Zn 2+) Hybrid Supercapacitors. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2137. [PMID: 34209707 PMCID: PMC8272116 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The hybrid ion capacitor (HIC) is a hybrid electrochemical energy storage device that combines the intercalation mechanism of a lithium-ion battery anode with the double-layer mechanism of the cathode. Thus, an HIC combines the high energy density of batteries and the high power density of supercapacitors, thus bridging the gap between batteries and supercapacitors. Two-dimensional (2D) carbon materials (graphite, graphene, carbon nanosheets) are promising candidates for hybrid capacitors owing to their unique physical and chemical properties, including their enormous specific surface areas, abundance of active sites (surface and functional groups), and large interlayer spacing. So far, there has been no review focusing on the 2D carbon-based materials for the emerging post-lithium hybrid capacitors. This concept review considers the role of 2D carbon in hybrid capacitors and the recent progress in the application of 2D carbon materials for post-Li (Na+, K+, Zn2+) hybrid capacitors. Moreover, their challenges and trends in their future development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, AIIM Building, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (C.H.); (X.W.); (J.P.); (Q.X.); (S.C.)
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, AIIM Building, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (C.H.); (X.W.); (J.P.); (Q.X.); (S.C.)
| | - Jian Peng
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, AIIM Building, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (C.H.); (X.W.); (J.P.); (Q.X.); (S.C.)
| | - Qingbing Xia
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, AIIM Building, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (C.H.); (X.W.); (J.P.); (Q.X.); (S.C.)
| | - Shulei Chou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, AIIM Building, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (C.H.); (X.W.); (J.P.); (Q.X.); (S.C.)
| | - Gang Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Donghu New & High Technology Development Zone, Wuhan 430205, China;
| | - Zhenguo Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Weijie Li
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, AIIM Building, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (C.H.); (X.W.); (J.P.); (Q.X.); (S.C.)
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21
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Liu X, Lei X, Wang YG, Ding Y. Prevention of Na Corrosion and Dendrite Growth for Long-Life Flexible Na-Air Batteries. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:335-344. [PMID: 33655071 PMCID: PMC7908042 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable Na-air batteries (NABs) based on abundant Na resources are generating great interest due to their high energy density and low cost. However, Na anode corrosion in ambient air and the growth of abnormal dendrites lead to insufficient cycle performance and safety hazards. Effectively protecting the Na anode from corrosion and inducing the uniform Na plating and stripping are therefore of vital importance for practical application. We herein report a NAB with in situ formed gel electrolyte and Na anode with trace residual Li. The gel electrolyte is obtained within cells through cross-linking Li ethylenediamine at the anode surface with tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (G4) from the liquid electrolyte. The gel can effectively prevent H2O and O2 crossover, thus delaying Na anode corrosion and electrolyte decomposition. Na dendrite growth was suppressed by the electrostatic shield effect of Li+ from the modified Li layer. Benefiting from these improvements, the NAB achieves a robust cycle performance over 2000 h in opened ambient air, which is superior to previous results. Gelation of the electrolyte prevents liquid leakage during battery bending, facilitating greater cell flexibility, which could lead to the development of NABs suitable for wearable electronic devices in ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizheng Liu
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute
for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University
of Technology, Binshui Xi dao 391, Xiqing District, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lei
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute
for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University
of Technology, Binshui Xi dao 391, Xiqing District, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Yong-Gang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and
Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- (Y.-G.W.)
| | - Yi Ding
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute
for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tianjin University
of Technology, Binshui Xi dao 391, Xiqing District, 300384 Tianjin, China
- (Y.D.)
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22
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Zhao Y, Zhang L, Liu J, Adair K, Zhao F, Sun Y, Wu T, Bi X, Amine K, Lu J, Sun X. Atomic/molecular layer deposition for energy storage and conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3889-3956. [PMID: 33523063 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Energy storage and conversion systems, including batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, and photoelectrochemical water splitting, have played vital roles in the reduction of fossil fuel usage, addressing environmental issues and the development of electric vehicles. The fabrication and surface/interface engineering of electrode materials with refined structures are indispensable for achieving optimal performances for the different energy-related devices. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) techniques, the gas-phase thin film deposition processes with self-limiting and saturated surface reactions, have emerged as powerful techniques for surface and interface engineering in energy-related devices due to their exceptional capability of precise thickness control, excellent uniformity and conformity, tunable composition and relatively low deposition temperature. In the past few decades, ALD and MLD have been intensively studied for energy storage and conversion applications with remarkable progress. In this review, we give a comprehensive summary of the development and achievements of ALD and MLD and their applications for energy storage and conversion, including batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, and photoelectrochemical water splitting. Moreover, the fundamental understanding of the mechanisms involved in different devices will be deeply reviewed. Furthermore, the large-scale potential of ALD and MLD techniques is discussed and predicted. Finally, we will provide insightful perspectives on future directions for new material design by ALD and MLD and untapped opportunities in energy storage and conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
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23
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Hu X, Matios E, Zhang Y, Wang C, Luo J, Li W. Deeply Cycled Sodium Metal Anodes at Low Temperature and in Lean Electrolyte Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5978-5983. [PMID: 33258244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Enabling high-performing alkali metal anodes at low temperature and in lean electrolyte conditions is critical for the advancement of next-generation batteries with high energy density and improved safety. We present an ether-ionic liquid composite electrolyte to tackle the problem of dendrite growth of metallic sodium anode at low temperatures ranging from 0 to -40 °C. This composite electrolyte enables a stable sodium metal anode to be deeply cycled at 2 mA cm-2 with an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 50 mAh cm-2 for 500 hours at -20 °C in lean electrolyte (1.0 μL mAh-1 ) conditions. Using the composite electrolyte, full cells with Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 as cathode and sodium metal as anode present a high capacity retention of 90.7 % after 1,000 cycles at 2C at -20 °C. The sodium-carbon dioxide batteries also exhibit a reversible capacity of 1,000 mAh g-1 over 50 cycles across a range of temperatures from -20 to 25 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Hu
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Edward Matios
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Chuanlong Wang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jianmin Luo
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Weiyang Li
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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24
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Hu X, Matios E, Zhang Y, Wang C, Luo J, Li W. Deeply Cycled Sodium Metal Anodes at Low Temperature and in Lean Electrolyte Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Hu
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College 14 Engineering Drive Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Edward Matios
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College 14 Engineering Drive Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College 14 Engineering Drive Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Chuanlong Wang
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College 14 Engineering Drive Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Jianmin Luo
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College 14 Engineering Drive Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Weiyang Li
- Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College 14 Engineering Drive Hanover NH 03755 USA
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25
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Wang J, Ni Y, Liu J, Lu Y, Zhang K, Niu Z, Chen J. Room-Temperature Flexible Quasi-Solid-State Rechargeable Na-O 2 Batteries. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1955-1963. [PMID: 33274272 PMCID: PMC7706082 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable Na-O2 batteries have been regarded as promising energy storage devices because of their high energy density, ultralow overpotential, and abundant resources. Unfortunately, conventional Na-O2 batteries with a liquid electrolyte often suffer from severe dendrite growth, electrolyte leakage, and potential H2O contamination toward the Na metal anode. Here, we report a quasi-solid-state polymer electrolyte (QPE) composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)-4% SiO2-NaClO4-tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether for rechargeable Na-O2 batteries with high performance. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the fluorocarbon chains of QPE are beneficial for Na+ transfer, resulting in a high ionic conductivity of 1.0 mS cm-1. Finite element method simulations show that the unique nanopore structure and high dielectric constant of QPE can induce a uniform distribution of the electric field during charge/discharge processes, thus achieving a homogeneous deposition of Na without dendrites. Moreover, the nonthrough nanopore structure and hydrophobic behavior resulting from fluorocarbon chains of QPE could effectively protect Na anode from H2O erosion. Therefore, the fabricated quasi-solid-state Na-O2 batteries exhibit an average Coulombic efficiency of up to 97% and negligible voltage decay during 80 cycles at a discharge capacity of 1000 mAh g-1. As a proof of concept, flexible pouch-type Na-O2 batteries were assembled, displaying stable electrochemical performance for ∼400 h after being bent from 0 to 360°. This work demonstrates the application of the quasi-solid-state electrolyte for high-performance flexible Na-O2 batteries.
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26
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Abstract
Using sodium metal in sodium-oxygen batteries with aprotic electrolyte enables achieving a very high theoretical energy density. However, the promised values for energy density and capacity are not met in practical studies yet due to poor utilization of the void space in the cathode during battery discharge. In this work, we achieve better cathode utilization and higher discharge capacities by using pulse discharging. We optimize the chosen resting-to-pulse times, the applied current density, and elucidate that three-dimensional cathode materials yield higher capacities compared to two-dimensional ones. By implication, the pulse discharging mode ensures better supply with dissolved oxygen within the cathode. The higher amount of dissolved oxygen accumulated during the resting period after a current pulse is essential to form more of the discharge product, i.e., the metal oxide sodium superoxide. Interestingly, we show for the first time that the superoxide is deposited in a very unusual form of stacked and highly oriented crystal layers. Our findings on the pulse discharging can be transferred to other metal-oxygen battery systems and might assist in achieving their full potential regarding practical energy density.
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27
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Wu Q, Ma Y, Wang H, Zhang S, Huang B, Dai Y. Trifunctional Electrocatalysts with High Efficiency for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction, Oxygen Evolution Reaction, and Na-O 2 Battery in Heteroatom-Doped Janus Monolayer MoSSe. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24066-24073. [PMID: 32383377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trifunctional electrocatalysts with high activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and Na-O2 battery are eagerly desirable for electrochemical energy applications. Currently, it remains challenging to achieve such trifunctionality on a single catalyst, although many systems can exhibit either one or two activities. Herein, on the basis of first-principles calculations, Ni-doped Janus monolayer MoSSe with superior electrocatalytic activity toward ORR for fuel cells and OER for water splitting is proposed. Both its ORR and OER display an ultralow overpotential, and the ORR possesses a high selectivity with the Faradaic efficiency approximating 100%. Importantly, it further shows high performance of Na-O2 batteries with a low overpotential of 0.49/0.59 V for ORR/OER, suggesting it being the excellent trifunctional catalyst. Such catalytic behaviors are largely due to the synergistic effect of the built-in electric field and heteroatom doping. These findings not only gain deeper insight into the catalytic activity of Janus monolayer MoSSe but also guide developing effective trifunctional electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Str. 27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yandong Ma
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Str. 27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Str. 27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Str. 27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Baibiao Huang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Str. 27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Str. 27, Jinan 250100, China
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28
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Ha TA, Pozo-Gonzalo C, Nairn K, MacFarlane DR, Forsyth M, Howlett PC. An investigation of commercial carbon air cathode structure in ionic liquid based sodium oxygen batteries. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7123. [PMID: 32346075 PMCID: PMC7188893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to bridge the gap between theoretical and practical energy density in sodium oxygen batteries challenges need to be overcome. In this work, four commercial air cathodes were selected, and the impacts of their morphologies, structure and chemistry on their performance with a pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid electrolyte are evaluated. The highest discharge capacity was found for a cathode with a pore size ca. 6 nm; this was over 100 times greater than that delivered by a cathode with a pore size less than 2 nm. The air cathode with the highest specific surface area and the presence of a microporous layer (BC39) exhibited the highest specific capacity (0.53 mAh cm−2).
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Affiliation(s)
- The An Ha
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Cristina Pozo-Gonzalo
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
| | - Kate Nairn
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Douglas R MacFarlane
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Patrick C Howlett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
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29
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Han S, Cai C, Yang F, Zhu Y, Sun Q, Zhu YG, Li H, Wang H, Shao-Horn Y, Sun X, Gu M. Interrogation of the Reaction Mechanism in a Na-O 2 Battery Using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3669-3677. [PMID: 32129983 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Critical factors that govern the composition and morphology of discharge products are largely unknown for Na-O2 batteries. Here we report a reversible oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process in a sodium-oxygen battery observed using in situ environmental-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiment. The reaction mechanism and phase evolution are probed using in situ electron diffraction and TEM imaging. The reversible ORR and OER cycling lies upon the nanosized copper clusters that were formed in situ by sodiation of CuS. In situ electron diffraction revealed the formation of NaO2 initially, which then disproportionated into orthorhombic and hexagonal Na2O2 and O2. Na2O2 was the major final ORR product that uniformly covered the whole wire-shape cathode. This uniform product morphology largely increased the application feasibility of Na-O2 batteries in industry. In the following OER process, the Na2O2 transformed to NaO2, which resulted in volume expansion at first, and then the NaO2 decomposed to sodium ions and O2 gas. Galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of CuS in real Na-O2 cells revealed a maximum capacity over 3 mAh cm-2 with a discharge cutoff voltage of 1.8 V and high cycling stability. The nanosized copper catalyst plays a dominating role in controlling the morphology, chemical composition of discharge products, and reversibility of this Na-O2 battery. Our finding shines light on the exploration of effective catalysts for the Na-O2 battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuanmin Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yun Guang Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haijiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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30
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31
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Khan Z, Vagin M, Crispin X. Can Hybrid Na-Air Batteries Outperform Nonaqueous Na-O 2 Batteries? ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902866. [PMID: 32154077 PMCID: PMC7055569 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an upsurge in the study of novel and alternative energy storage devices beyond lithium-based systems due to the exponential increase in price of lithium. Sodium (Na) metal-based batteries can be a possible alternative to lithium-based batteries due to the similar electrochemical voltage of Na and Li together with the thousand times higher natural abundance of Na compared to Li. Though two different kinds of Na-O2 batteries have been studied specifically based on electrolytes until now, very recently, a hybrid Na-air cell has shown distinctive advantage over nonaqueous cell systems. Hybrid Na-air batteries provide a fundamental advantage due to the formation of highly soluble discharge product (sodium hydroxide) which leads to low overpotentials for charge and discharge processes, high electrical energy efficiency, and good cyclic stability. Herein, the current status and challenges associated with hybrid Na-air batteries are reported. Also, a brief description of nonaqueous Na-O2 batteries and its close competition with hybrid Na-air batteries are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyauddin Khan
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversitySE60174NorrköpingSweden
| | - Mikhail Vagin
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversitySE60174NorrköpingSweden
| | - Xavier Crispin
- Laboratory of Organic ElectronicsDepartment of Science and TechnologyLinköping UniversitySE60174NorrköpingSweden
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32
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Zaichenko A, Schröder D, Janek J, Mollenhauer D. Pathways to Triplet or Singlet Oxygen during the Dissociation of Alkali Metal Superoxides: Insights by Multireference Calculations of Molecular Model Systems. Chemistry 2020; 26:2395-2404. [PMID: 31647142 PMCID: PMC7187429 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental investigations demonstrated the generation of singlet oxygen during charging at high potentials in lithium/oxygen batteries. To contribute to the understanding of the underlying chemical reactions a key step in the mechanism of the charging process, namely, the dissociation of the intermediate lithium superoxide to oxygen and lithium, was investigated. Therefore, the corresponding dissociation paths of the molecular model system lithium superoxide (LiO2 ) were studied by CASSCF/CASPT2 calculations. The obtained results indicate the presence of different dissociation paths over crossing points of different electronic states, which lead either to the energetically preferred generation of triplet oxygen or the energetically higher lying formation of singlet oxygen. The dissociation to the corresponding superoxide anion is energetically less preferred. The understanding of the detailed reaction mechanism allows the design of strategies to avoid the formation of singlet oxygen and thus to potentially minimize the degradation of materials in alkali metal/oxygen batteries. The calculations demonstrate a qualitatively similar but energetically shifted behavior for the homologous alkali metals sodium and potassium and their superoxide species. Fundamental differences were found for the covalently bound hydroperoxyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Zaichenko
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Schröder
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Doreen Mollenhauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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33
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Munuera JM, Paredes JI, Enterría M, Villar-Rodil S, Kelly AG, Nalawade Y, Coleman JN, Rojo T, Ortiz-Vitoriano N, Martínez-Alonso A, Tascón JMD. High Performance Na-O 2 Batteries and Printed Microsupercapacitors Based on Water-Processable, Biomolecule-Assisted Anodic Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:494-506. [PMID: 31825208 PMCID: PMC6961952 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Integrated approaches that expedite the production and processing of graphene into useful structures and devices, particularly through simple and environmentally friendly strategies, are highly desirable in the efforts to implement this two-dimensional material in state-of-the-art electrochemical energy storage technologies. Here, we introduce natural nucleotides (e.g., adenosine monophosphate) as bifunctional agents for the electrochemical exfoliation and dispersion of graphene nanosheets in water. Acting both as exfoliating electrolytes and colloidal stabilizers, these biomolecules facilitated access to aqueous graphene bio-inks that could be readily processed into aerogels and inkjet-printed interdigitated patterns. Na-O2 batteries assembled with the graphene-derived aerogels as the cathode and a glyme-based electrolyte exhibited a full discharge capacity of ∼3.8 mAh cm-2 at a current density of 0.2 mA cm-2. Moreover, shallow cycling experiments (0.5 mAh cm-2) boasted a capacity retention of 94% after 50 cycles, which outperformed the cycle life of prior graphene-based cathodes for this type of battery. The positive effect of the nucleotide-adsorbed nanosheets on the battery performance is discussed and related to the presence of the phosphate group in these biomolecules. Microsupercapacitors made from the interdigitated graphene patterns as the electrodes also displayed a competitive performance, affording areal and volumetric energy densities of 0.03 μWh cm-2 and 1.2 mWh cm-3 at power densities of 0.003 mW cm-2 and 0.1 W cm-3, respectively. Taken together, by offering a green and straightforward route to different types of functional graphene-based materials, the present results are expected to ease the development of novel energy storage technologies that exploit the attractions of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Munuera
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, C/Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse St, Dublin 2, Dublin D02, Ireland
- E-mail: (J.M.M.)
| | - Juan I. Paredes
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, C/Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- E-mail: (J.I.P.)
| | - Marina Enterría
- CIC EnergiGUNE, Álava Technology Park, C/
Albert Einstein 48, Miñano, Álava 01510, Spain
| | - Silvia Villar-Rodil
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, C/Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adam G. Kelly
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse St, Dublin 2, Dublin D02, Ireland
| | - Yashaswi Nalawade
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse St, Dublin 2, Dublin D02, Ireland
| | - Jonathan N. Coleman
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse St, Dublin 2, Dublin D02, Ireland
| | - Teófilo Rojo
- CIC EnergiGUNE, Álava Technology Park, C/
Albert Einstein 48, Miñano, Álava 01510, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad
del País Vasco UPV/EHU, P.O. Box
664, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Nagore Ortiz-Vitoriano
- CIC EnergiGUNE, Álava Technology Park, C/
Albert Einstein 48, Miñano, Álava 01510, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Amelia Martínez-Alonso
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, C/Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan M. D. Tascón
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, C/Francisco Pintado Fe 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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34
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Zhu Y, Yang F, Guo M, Chen L, Gu M. Real-Time Imaging of the Electrochemical Process in Na-O 2 Nanobatteries Using Pt@CNT and Pt 0.8Ir 0.2@CNT Air Cathodes. ACS NANO 2019; 13:14399-14407. [PMID: 31825592 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Compared to lithium-oxygen batteries, sodium-oxygen (Na-O2) batteries exhibit a number of advantages: extremely low cost, low charging overpotential, and stability under nitrogen. However, accumulation of insoluble discharge products and failure of catalysts often result in poor performance of Na-O2 batteries and limit their cycling life. In this work, electrochemical reactions of Na-O2 batteries were directly investigated in situ by assembling a solid-state Na-O2 nanobattery in an aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscope. During discharge, NaO2 hollow spheres formed and expanded continuously, accompanying their partial decomposition into Na2O2. These spheres shrank and collapsed into Na2O2 nanoparticles during the charging process. Carbon nanotubes doped with Pt and bimetallic Pt/Ir nanoscale catalyst can promote product formation and reversible evolution. In-depth investigation of the electrochemical reaction mechanism in Na-O2 cells helps to accelerate the development of metal-air devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmin Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Mohan Guo
- Department of Physics , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Physics , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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35
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Ha TA, Fdz De Anastro A, Ortiz-Vitoriano N, Fang J, MacFarlane DR, Forsyth M, Mecerreyes D, Howlett PC, Pozo-Gonzalo C. High Coulombic Efficiency Na-O 2 Batteries Enabled by a Bilayer Ionogel/Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7050-7055. [PMID: 31650842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-oxygen (Na-O2) cells are a promising high energy density storage technology with a theoretical specific energy of 1605 Wh kg-1. However, this technology faces certain challenges in order to achieve both a high practical energy density as well as long-term cycling capability. In this Letter, a superior Coulombic cyclic efficiency, close to 100%, has been demonstrated by the use of a bilayer electrolyte composed of an ionogel and an ionic liquid electrolyte, reported herein for the first time. The presence of the ionogel plays a major role in the prevention of side reactions originating at the anode, providing a promising route to extend cell cycling, whereas the ionic liquid is essential to support high reaction rates at the cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- The An Ha
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3200 , Australia
| | - Asier Fdz De Anastro
- Joxe Mari Korta Center , POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU , Avda. Tolosa 72 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Nagore Ortiz-Vitoriano
- CIC EnergiGUNE , Alava Technology Park, C/Albert Einstein 48 , 01510 Miñano , Álava , Spain
- IKERBASQUE , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Jian Fang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3200 , Australia
| | - Douglas R MacFarlane
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Chemistry , Monash University , Victoria 3800 , Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3200 , Australia
- IKERBASQUE , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- Joxe Mari Korta Center , POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU , Avda. Tolosa 72 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian , Spain
- IKERBASQUE , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Patrick C Howlett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3200 , Australia
| | - Cristina Pozo-Gonzalo
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria 3200 , Australia
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36
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Senthilkumar B, Irshad A, Barpanda P. Cobalt and Nickel Phosphates as Multifunctional Air-Cathodes for Rechargeable Hybrid Sodium-Air Battery Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:33811-33818. [PMID: 31429545 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Noble-metal-free bifunctional electrocatalysts are indispensable to realize low-cost and energy-efficient rechargeable metal-air batteries. In addition, power density, energy density, and cycle life of these metal-air batteries can be improved further by utilizing the fast faradaic reactions of metal ions in the catalyst layer together with the oxygen evolution/reduction reactions (OER/ORR) for charge storage. In this work, we propose mixed metal phosphates of nickel and cobalt, NixCo3-x(PO4)2 (x = 0,1, 1.5, 2, and 3), as multifunctional air-cathodes exhibiting bifunctional electrocatalytic activity and reversible metal redox reaction (M3+/2+, M = Ni and Co). Submicron-sized NixCo3-x(PO4)2 particles were synthesized by a solution combustion synthesis technique with urea acting as the fuel. Electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.1 M NaOH was systematically tuned by varying the Ni-to-Co ratio. The synthesized NixCo3-x(PO4)2 with x = 1.5 (NCP11) showed superior bifunctional catalytic activity to other samples. Moreover, the catalyst material delivered a specific capacity of ∼110 mAh g-1 by the redox reactions of its metal sites. The hybrid Na-air battery fabricated using the NCP11 catalyst-loaded air-cathode exhibited low overpotential, stable cycling performance, and round-trip energy efficiency exceeding 78% in a 0.1 M NaOH aqueous electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Senthilkumar
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS), CNRS UMR 7314 , Université de Picardie Jules Verne , 33 Rue Saint Leu , 80039 Amiens Cedex , France
| | - Ahamed Irshad
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Prabeer Barpanda
- Faraday Materials Laboratory, Materials Research Centre , Indian Institute of Science , C.V. Raman Avenue , Bangalore 560012 , India
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37
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Pozo-Gonzalo C, Zhang Y, Ortiz-Vitoriano N, Fang J, Enterría M, Echeverría M, López Del Amo JM, Rojo T, MacFarlane DR, Forsyth M, Howlett PC. Controlling the Three-Phase Boundary in Na-Oxygen Batteries: The Synergy of Carbon Nanofibers and Ionic Liquid. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:4054-4063. [PMID: 31301269 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of electrospun binder-free carbon nanofiber (CNF) mats have been studied as air cathodes for Na-oxygen batteries using a pyrrolidinium-based electrolyte and compared with the commercial air cathode Toray 090. A tenfold increase in the discharge capacity is attained when using CNFs in comparison with Toray 090, affording a discharge capacity of 1.53 mAh cm-2 at a high discharge rate of 0.63 mA cm-2 . The good specific discharge and charge capacities of these CNFs are determined by the void space and the highly accessible surface of the carbon fiber. Furthermore, a threefold increase has been attained in terms of specific capacity by controlling the flooding of the air cathode and hence the location of the three-phase boundary within the CNF mat. The enhancement in performance has been correlated to the morphology, composition, distribution, and location of the discharge products. Sodium superoxide and peroxide were identified as the discharge products and, more importantly, the common side reaction discharge products, which are known to be detrimental to battery performance (including sodium fluoride, sodium hydroxide, and formate), were not observed, exemplifying the stability of the pyrrolidinium-based electrolyte and these binder-free CNF air cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pozo-Gonzalo
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3200, Australia
| | - Yafei Zhang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3200, Australia
| | - Nagore Ortiz-Vitoriano
- CIC EnergiGUNE, Alava Technology Park, C/Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jian Fang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3200, Australia
| | - Marina Enterría
- CIC EnergiGUNE, Alava Technology Park, C/Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain
| | - María Echeverría
- CIC EnergiGUNE, Alava Technology Park, C/Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain
| | | | - Teófilo Rojo
- CIC EnergiGUNE, Alava Technology Park, C/Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Miñano, Álava, Spain
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 664, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Douglas R MacFarlane
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, School of Chemistry, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3200, Australia
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Patrick C Howlett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3200, Australia
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38
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Matios E, Wang H, Wang C, Li W. Enabling Safe Sodium Metal Batteries by Solid Electrolyte Interphase Engineering: A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Matios
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Huan Wang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Chuanlong Wang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Weiyang Li
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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39
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Tang S, Zhang YY, Zhang XG, Li JT, Wang XY, Yan JW, Wu DY, Zheng MS, Dong QF, Mao BW. Stable Na Plating and Stripping Electrochemistry Promoted by In Situ Construction of an Alloy-Based Sodiophilic Interphase. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807495. [PMID: 30811702 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sodium metal anodes are poor due to the reversibility of Na plating/stripping, which hinders their practical applications. A strategy to form a sodiophilic Au-Na alloy interphase on a Cu current collector, involving a sputtered Au thin layer, is shown to enable efficient Na plating/stripping for a certain period of time. Herein, electrochemical behaviors of Na plating on different substrates are explored, and it is revealed that the sodiophilic interphase can be achieved universally by in situ formation of M-Na (M = Au, Sn, and Sb) alloys during Na plating prior to Na bulk deposition in the initial cycle. Moreover, it is found that repetitive alloying-dealloying leads to falling-off of thin film sodiophilic materials and thus limits the lifespan of efficient Na cycling. Therefore, an approach is further developed by employing particles of sodiophilic materials combined with the control over the cutoff potential, which significantly improves the stability of Na plating/stripping process. Especially, the low-cost Cu@Sn-NPs and Cu@Sb-MPs composite current collectors allow Na plating and stripping to cycle for 2000 and 1700 times with the average efficiency of 99.9% at 2 mA cm-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xia-Guang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - De-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Sen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Feng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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40
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Zeng X, Zhang X, Liu S, Yang H, Tao Z, Liang J. A highly efficient cathode catalyst γ-MnO2@CNT composite for sodium-air batteries. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Nikiforidis G, van de Sanden MCM, Tsampas MN. High and intermediate temperature sodium-sulfur batteries for energy storage: development, challenges and perspectives. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5649-5673. [PMID: 35515930 PMCID: PMC9060784 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08658c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the burgeoning demand for energy storage stemming largely from the growing renewable energy sector, the prospects of high (>300 °C), intermediate (100-200 °C) and room temperature (25-60 °C) battery systems are encouraging. Metal sulfur batteries are an attractive choice since the sulfur cathode is abundant and offers an extremely high theoretical capacity of 1672 mA h g-1 upon complete discharge. Sodium also has high natural abundance and a respectable electrochemical reduction potential (-2.71 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode). Combining these two abundant elements as raw materials in an energy storage context leads to the sodium-sulfur battery (NaS). This review focuses solely on the progress, prospects and challenges of the high and intermediate temperature NaS secondary batteries (HT and IT NaS) as a whole. The already established HT NaS can be further improved in terms of energy density and safety record. The IT NaS takes advantage of the lower operating temperature to lower manufacturing and potentially operating costs whilst creating a safer environment. A thorough technical discussion on the building blocks of these two battery systems is discussed here, including electrolyte, separators, cell configuration, electrochemical reactions that take place under the different operating conditions and ways to monitor and comprehend the physicochemical and electrochemical processes under these temperatures. Furthermore, a brief summary of the work conducted on the room temperature (RT) NaS system is given seeking to couple the knowledge in this field with the one at elevated temperatures. Finally, future perspectives are discussed along with ways to effectively handle the technical challenges presented for this electrochemical energy storage system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Nikiforidis
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER) De Zaale 20 Eindhoven 5612AJ The Netherlands
- Organic Bioelectronics Lab, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Saudi Arabia
| | - M C M van de Sanden
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER) De Zaale 20 Eindhoven 5612AJ The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Michail N Tsampas
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER) De Zaale 20 Eindhoven 5612AJ The Netherlands
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42
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Li Y, Chang K, Shangguan E, Guo D, Zhou W, Hou Y, Tang H, Li B, Chang Z. Powder exfoliated MoS 2 nanosheets with highly monolayer-rich structures as high-performance lithium-/sodium-ion-battery electrodes. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1887-1900. [PMID: 30643912 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08511k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to their low yield and easy aggregation during the electrode preparation process, exfoliated MoS2 monolayers cannot fulfill the requirements of alkali-metal-ion battery tests. Hence, we have developed a facile process to fabricate powder exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets capable of large-scale production and having highly monolayer-rich structures. This process contains two steps: liquid-phase exfoliation of the edge-rich MoS2 precursor and a freeze-drying procedure. The proposed MoS2 precursors contain rich edge fractions that are easily exfoliated by this method, and the freeze-drying procedure can maintain the unique monolayer-rich structure of MoS2 in the powder phase. The electrochemical evaluations of both lithium- and sodium-ion batteries reveal that the proposed powder exfoliated monolayer-rich MoS2 electrode exhibits remarkable specific capacities and stable cyclic performances. In particular, the monolayer-rich MoS2 nanosheet electrode delivers a superior lithium-storage capacity of ∼1400 mA h g-1. The exfoliated MoS2 nanosheet electrode can withstand over 1000 cycles even at 1 A g-1. The mechanism reveals that these unique MoS2 nanosheets not only have a large surface area but also their inclusive monolayer structures exhibit much higher charge mobility than those of bulk MoS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
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43
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Gourdin G, Xiao N, McCulloch W, Wu Y. Use of Polarization Curves and Impedance Analyses to Optimize the "Triple-Phase Boundary" in K-O 2 Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2925-2934. [PMID: 30596423 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
K-O2 superoxide batteries have shown great potential for energy-storage applications due to the unique single-electron redox processes in the oxygen or gas-diffusion electrode. Optimization of the 'triple-phase boundary', the region of the cathode where the O2, electrolyte, and electrode surface are in immediate contact, is crucial for maximizing their power performance, but one that has not been explored. Herein, we demonstrate an efficient method for maximizing the power capabilities of the K-O2 battery system by optimizing the interface using polarization and impedance analyses. At the one extreme, an electrolyte volume-deficient state decreases access to the electrochemically active surface area resulting in a limitation of the maximum power output of the K-O2 battery, whereas an excess electrolyte volume state increases the diffusion path to the active surface area for the dissolved O2 inducing mass-transfer limitations sooner, which results in a decrease in the current and power output. Finally, we show that the optimal electrolyte volume closely matches the void volume of the internal cell materials (separators, cathode) resulting in a maximization of the electrochemically accessible surface area while minimizing the O2 diffusion path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Gourdin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Neng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - William McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Yiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
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44
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Galloway TA, Dong JC, Li JF, Attard G, Hardwick LJ. Oxygen reactions on Pt{ hkl} in a non-aqueous Na + electrolyte: site selective stabilisation of a sodium peroxy species. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2956-2964. [PMID: 30996874 PMCID: PMC6427968 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05489d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxygen reduction and evolution reaction in the presence of sodium ions in an organic solvent is studied on well-defined Pt electrode surfaces.
Sodium–oxygen battery cathodes utilise the reversible redox species of oxygen in the presence of sodium ions. However, the oxygen reduction and evolution reaction mechanism is yet to be conclusively determined. In order to examine the part played by surface structure in sodium–oxygen electrochemistry for the development of catalytic materials and structures, a method of preparing clean, well-defined Pt electrode surfaces for adsorption studies in aprotic solvents is described. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in situ electrochemical shell-isolated nanoparticle enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS), the various stages of oxygen reduction as a function of potential have been determined. It is found that on Pt{111} and Pt{110}-(1 × 1) terraces, a long lived surface sodium peroxide species is formed reversibly, whereas on Pt{100} and polycrystalline electrodes, this species is not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Galloway
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy , Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , UK .
| | - Jin-Chao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Solid Surfaces , University of Xiamen , China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Solid Surfaces , University of Xiamen , China
| | - Gary Attard
- Department of Physics , University of Liverpool , UK
| | - Laurence J Hardwick
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy , Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , UK .
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45
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Shen X, Zhang S, Wu Y, Chen Y. Promoting Li-O 2 Batteries With Redox Mediators. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:104-114. [PMID: 30444048 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Li-O2 batteries have a high theoretical specific energy, 3500 Wh kg-1 ; however, its practical capacity is far below this value and limited by the passivation with the insulating discharge product Li2 O2 . The nonconductive nature of Li2 O2 also impedes the charging process, leading to a low coulombic efficiency and high overpotential on charge even at a moderate rate. To address these challenges, redox mediators could be used both during discharge and charge to transfer electrons between O2 /electrode surface or Li2 O2 /electrode surface to overcome the passivation of Li2 O2 , which would facilitate the discharge and charge process. The capacity and current density were significantly improved using the redox mediators, thus representing a promising strategy to achieve a high energy density for Li-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, P.R. China
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46
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Park SW, Shin HJ, Kim DW. S,N co-doped reduced graphene oxide sheets with cobalt hydroxide nanocrystals for highly active and stable bifunctional oxygen catalysts. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01108k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Co(OH)2 anchored on S,N co-doped rGO as a highly active and stable bifunctional oxygen catalyst was developed via an efficient strategy and its catalytic activity was comparable to that of the benchmarked noble metal-based oxygen catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Woo Park
- School of Civil
- Environmental and Architectural Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-713
- South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Shin
- School of Civil
- Environmental and Architectural Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-713
- South Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- School of Civil
- Environmental and Architectural Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-713
- South Korea
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47
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Radjenovic PM, Hardwick LJ. Evaluating chemical bonding in dioxides for the development of metal–oxygen batteries: vibrational spectroscopic trends of dioxygenyls, dioxygen, superoxides and peroxides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:1552-1563. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04652b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of Raman and IR spectral bands of >200 dioxygen species highlighted the effect of the immediate chemical environment on O–O bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar M. Radjenovic
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- UK
| | - Laurence J. Hardwick
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- UK
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48
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McCulloch WD, Xiao N, Gourdin G, Wu Y. Alkali-Oxygen Batteries Based on Reversible Superoxide Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 24:17627-17637. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William David McCulloch
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; The Ohio State University; 151 W Woodruff AVE, CBEC 256 Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Neng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; The Ohio State University; 151 W Woodruff AVE, CBEC 256 Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Gerald Gourdin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; The Ohio State University; 151 W Woodruff AVE, CBEC 256 Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Yiying Wu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; The Ohio State University; 151 W Woodruff AVE, CBEC 256 Columbus OH 43210 USA
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49
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Tan P, Chen B, Xu H, Cai W, He W, Ni M. Investigation on the electrode design of hybrid Zn-Co3O4/air batteries for performance improvements. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Wang J, Gao R, Zheng L, Chen Z, Wu Z, Sun L, Hu Z, Liu X. CoO/CoP Heterostructured Nanosheets with an O–P Interpenetrated Interface as a Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Na–O2 Battery. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Wang
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rui Gao
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjun Chen
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Limei Sun
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, P. R. China
| | - Zhongbo Hu
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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