1
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Riley DB, Meredith P, Armin A. Exciton diffusion in organic semiconductors: precision and pitfalls. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39171513 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02467b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Nanometer exciton diffusion is a fundamental process important in virtually all applications of organic semiconductors. Many measurement techniques have been developed to measure exciton diffusion length (LD) at the nanometer scale; however, these techniques have common challenges that the community has worked for decades to overcome. In this perspective, we lay out the principal challenges researchers need to overcome to obtain an accurate measurement of LD. We then examine the most common techniques used to measure LD with respect to these challenges and describe solutions developed to overcome them. This analysis leads to the suggestion that static quenching techniques underestimate LD due to uncertainties in the quenching behavior, while time-resolved exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA) techniques overestimate LD based on experimental conditions, we advance steady-state EEA techniques as an alternative that overcome many of the challenges of these other techniques while preserving accuracy. We support this hypothesis with a meta-analysis of LD measured across various organic semiconductors and measurement techniques. We intend this investigation to provide a framework for researchers to interpret and compare findings across measurement techniques and to guide researchers on how to obtain the most accurate results for each technique in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew B Riley
- Sustainable Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Centre for Integrative Semiconductor Materials (CISM), Department of Physics, Swansea University Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK.
| | - Paul Meredith
- Sustainable Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Centre for Integrative Semiconductor Materials (CISM), Department of Physics, Swansea University Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK.
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Sustainable Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Centre for Integrative Semiconductor Materials (CISM), Department of Physics, Swansea University Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK.
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2
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Zhang Y, Chen J, Yang J, Fu M, Cao Y, Dong M, Yu J, Dong S, Yang X, Shao L, Hu Z, Cai H, Liu C, Huang F. Sensitive SWIR Organic Photodetectors with Spectral Response Reaching 1.5 µm. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406950. [PMID: 39152933 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The performance of organic photodetectors (OPDs) sensitive to the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) light lags behind commercial indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photodetectors primarily due to the scarcity of organic semiconductors with efficient photoelectric responses exceeding 1.3 µm. Limited by the Energy-gap law, ultralow-bandgap organic semiconductors usually suffer from severe non-radiative transitions, resulting in low external quantum efficiency (EQE). Herein, a difluoro-substituted quinoid terminal group (QC-2F) with exceptionally strong electron-negativity is developed for constructing a new non-fullerene acceptor (NFA), Y-QC4F with an ultralow bandgap of 0.83 eV. This subtle structural modification significantly enhances intermolecular packing order and density, enabling an absorption onset up to 1.5 µm while suppressing non-radiation recombination in Y-QC4F films. SWIR OPDs based on Y-QC4F achieve an impressive detectivity (D*) over 1011 Jones from 0.4 to 1.5 µm under 0 V bias, with a maximum of 1.68 × 1012 Jones at 1.16 µm. Furthermore, the resulting OPDs demonstrate competitive performance with commercial photodetectors for high-quality SWIR imaging even under 1.4 µm irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Lumidar Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510530, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Muyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiangkai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Dong
- Lumidar Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510530, P. R. China
| | - Xiye Yang
- Lumidar Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510530, P. R. China
| | - Lin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Houji Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chunchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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3
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Nodari D, Hart LJF, Sandberg OJ, Furlan F, Angela E, Panidi J, Qiao Z, McLachlan MA, Barnes PRF, Durrant JR, Ardalan A, Gasparini N. Dark Current in Broadband Perovskite-Organic Heterojunction Photodetectors Controlled by Interfacial Energy Band Offset. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401206. [PMID: 38888509 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite and organic semiconductors are promising classes of materials for photodetector (PD) applications. State-of-the-art perovskite PDs have performance metrics exceeding silicon PDs in the visible. While organic semiconductors offer bandgap tunability due to their chemical design with detection extended into the near-infrared (NIR), perovskites are limited to the visible band and the first fraction of the NIR spectrum. In this work, perovskite-organic heterojunction (POH) PDs with absorption up to 950 nm are designed by the dual contribution of perovskite and the donor:acceptor bulk-heterojunction (BHJ), without any intermediate layer. The effect of the energetics of the donor materials is systematically studied on the dark current (Jd) of the device by using the PBDB-T polymer family. Combining the experimental results with drift-diffusion simulations, it is shown that Jd in POH devices is limited by thermal generation via deep trap states in the BHJ. Thus, the best performance is obtained for the PM7-based POH, which delivers an ultra-low noise current of 2 × 10-14 A Hz-1/2 and high specific detectivity of 4.7 × 1012 Jones in the NIR. Last, the application of the PM7-based POH devices as NIR pulse oximeter with high-accuracy heartbeat monitoring at long-distance of 2 meters is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Nodari
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Lucy J F Hart
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Oskar J Sandberg
- Sustainable Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
- Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, Turku, 20500, Finland
| | - Francesco Furlan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Edoardo Angela
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Julianna Panidi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zhuoran Qiao
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Martyn A McLachlan
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Piers R F Barnes
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and SPECIFIC IKC, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, Wales, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Armin Ardalan
- Sustainable Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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4
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Ulusoy M, Koçyiğit S, Tataroğlu A, Altındal Yerişkin S. The Electrical and Photodetector Characteristics of the Graphene:PVA/p-Si Schottky Structures Depending on Illumination Intensities. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32243-32255. [PMID: 39072130 PMCID: PMC11270684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Five samples were fabricated to obtain a diode with a PVA interface, both with and without graphene doping at different rates with high rectification in the dark. The electrospinning method was employed to apply the doped and undoped solutions, creating the interlayers. Since the diode with a 1 wt % graphene-doped PVA interlayer outperformed the other samples, the main electrical and photodetector characteristics of this structure were investigated. The electrical parameters of the diode were probed by the TE, Norde, and Cheung methods, and the parameters (n and ϕB) acquired by both approaches were significantly influenced by illumination and voltages. The interface/surface state intensity values (N ss) were also calculated in the dark and under each illumination as a function of the band/energy gap depth (E ss-E v). The time-dependent steady-state conditions and rise-decay behavior of the photocurrents during illumination were also investigated. Due to the high photocurrent values, the photosensitivity at zero bias is approximately 1.4 × 104 at 100 mW cm-2. The responsivity and detectivity values appear to be altered significantly with changes in the illumination and voltage. Additionally, a double logarithmic plot of I ph vs P reveals good linearity with slope values ranging from 0.5 to 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ulusoy
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Serhat Koçyiğit
- Central
Laboratory Application and Research Centre, Bingol University, 12000 Bingol, Türkiye
| | - Adem Tataroğlu
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - S. Altındal Yerişkin
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Vocational Highschool
of Technical Sciences, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, 06500 Ankara, Türkiye
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5
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Zhang S, Chen R, Kong D, Chen Y, Liu W, Jiang D, Zhao W, Chang C, Yang Y, Liu Y, Wei D. Photovoltaic nanocells for high-performance large-scale-integrated organic phototransistors. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01707-0. [PMID: 38965348 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
A high-performance large-scale-integrated organic phototransistor needs a semiconductor layer that maintains its photoelectric conversion ability well during high-resolution pixelization. However, lacking a precise design for the nanoscale structure, a trade-off between photoelectric performance and device miniaturization greatly limits the success in commercial application. Here we demonstrate a photovoltaic-nanocell enhancement strategy, which overcomes the trade-off and enables high-performance organic phototransistors at a level beyond large-scale integration. Embedding a core-shell photovoltaic nanocell based on perovskite quantum dots in a photocrosslinkable organic semiconductor, ultralarge-scale-integrated (>221 units) imaging chips are manufactured using photolithography. 27 million pixels are interconnected and the pixel density is 3.1 × 106 units cm-2, at least two orders of magnitude higher than in existing organic imaging chips and equivalent to the latest commercial full-frame complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor camera chips. The embedded photovoltaic nanocells induce an in situ photogating modulation and enable photoresponsivity and detectivity of 6.8 × 106 A W-1 and 1.1 × 1013 Jones (at 1 Hz), respectively, achieving the highest values of organic imaging chips at large-scale or higher integration. In addition, a very-large-scale-integrated (>216 units) stretchable biomimetic retina based on photovoltaic nanocells is manufactured for neuromorphic imaging recognition with not only resolution but also photoresponsivity and power consumption approaching those of the biological counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renzhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Derong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingding Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingguo Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Pyo WJ, Kim G, Kim S, Oh H, Keum D, Kim B, Kim D, So C, Lee S, Jee DW, Jung IH, Chung DS. Advancing Fab-Compatible Color-Selective Organic Photodiodes: Tailored Molecular Design and Nanointerlayers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17075-17085. [PMID: 38912604 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
High-performance organic photodiodes (OPDs) and OPD-based image sensors are primarily realized using solution processes based on various additives and coating methods. However, vacuum-processed OPDs, which are more compatible with large-scale production, have received little attention, thereby hindering their integration into advanced systems. This study introduces innovations in the material and device structures to prepare superior vacuum-processed OPDs for commercial applications. A series of vacuum-processable, low-cost p-type semiconductors is developed by introducing an electron-rich cyclopentadithiophene core containing various electron-accepting moieties to fine-tune the energy levels without any significant structural or molecular weight changes. An additional nanointerlayer strategy is used to control the crystalline orientation of the upper-deposited photoactive layer, compensating for device performance reduction in inverted, top-illuminated OPDs. These approaches yielded an external quantum efficiency of 70% and a specific detectivity of 2.0 × 1012 Jones in the inverted structures, which are vital for commercial applications. These OPDs enabled visible-light communications with extremely low bit error rates and successful X-ray image capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jun Pyo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, and Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinwon Kim
- Department of Intelligence Semiconductor Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Haechan Oh
- Department of Intelligence Semiconductor Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongki Keum
- DONGWOO FINE-CHEM Co., Pyeongtaek 17956, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungin Kim
- DONGWOO FINE-CHEM Co., Pyeongtaek 17956, Republic of Korea
| | - Dowan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan So
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Jee
- Department of Intelligence Semiconductor Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hwan Jung
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, and Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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7
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Jeong UH, Park JH, Choi JH, Lee WG, Park JG. Hybrid Organic-Si C-MOSFET Image Sensor Designed with Blue-, Green-, and Red-Sensitive Organic Photodiodes on Si C-MOSFET-Based Photo Signal Sensor Circuit. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1066. [PMID: 38998671 PMCID: PMC11243616 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The resolution of Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (C-MOSFET) image sensors (CISs) has been intensively enhanced to follow the technological revolution of smartphones, AI devices, autonomous cars, robots, and drones, approaching the physical and material limits of a resolution increase in conventional Si CISs because of the low quantum efficiency (i.e., ~40%) and aperture ratio (i.e., ~60%). As a novel solution, a hybrid organic-Si image sensor was developed by implementing B, G, and R organic photodiodes on four n-MOSFETs for photocurrent sensing. Photosensitive organic donor and acceptor materials were designed with cost-effective small molecules, i.e., the B, G, and R donor and acceptor small molecules were Coumarin6 and C_60, DMQA and MePTC, and ZnPc and TiOPc, respectively. The output voltage sensing margins (i.e., photocurrent signal difference) of the hybrid organic-Si B, G, and R image sensor pixels presented results 17, 11, and 37% higher than those of conventional Si CISs. In addition, the hybrid organic-Si B, G, and R image sensor pixels could achieve an ideal aperture ratio (i.e., ~100%) compared with a Si CIS pixel using the backside illumination process (i.e., ~60%). Moreover, they may display a lower fabrication cost than image sensors because of the simple image sensor structure (i.e., hybrid organic-Si photodiode with four n-MOSFETs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui-Hyun Jeong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyeong Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 129, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16677, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Choi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Guk Lee
- Department of Nanoscale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea-Gun Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Semiconductor Materials & Devices Development Center, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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8
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Chen Y, Zheng Y, Wang J, Zhao X, Liu G, Lin Y, Yang Y, Wang L, Tang Z, Wang Y, Fang Y, Zhang W, Zhu X. Ultranarrow-bandgap small-molecule acceptor enables sensitive SWIR detection and dynamic upconversion imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm9631. [PMID: 38838154 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) light detection plays a key role in modern technologies. Emerging solution-processed organic semiconductors are promising for cost-effective, flexible, and large-area SWIR organic photodiodes (OPDs). However, the spectral responsivity (R) and specific detectivity (D*) of SWIR OPDs are restricted by insufficient exciton dissociation and high noise current. In this work, we synthesized an SWIR small molecule with a spectral coverage of 0.3 to 1.3 micrometers peaking at 1100 nanometers. The photodiode, with optimized exciton dissociation, charge injection, and SWIR transmittance, achieves a record high R of 0.53 ampere per watt and D* of 1.71 × 1013 Jones at 1110 nanometers under zero bias. The D* at 1 to 1.2 micrometers surpasses that of the uncooled commercial InGaAs photodiode. Furthermore, large-area semitransparent all-organic upconversion devices integrating the SWIR photodiode realized static and dynamic SWIR-to-visible imaging, along with excellent upconversion efficiency and spatial resolution. This work provides alternative insights for developing sensitive organic SWIR detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqi Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhao Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubo Yang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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9
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Kim TH, Lee JH, Jang MH, Lee GM, Shim ES, Oh S, Saeed MA, Lee MJ, Yu BS, Hwang DK, Park CW, Lee SY, Jo JW, Shim JW. Atto-Scale Noise Near-Infrared Organic Photodetectors Enabled by Controlling Interfacial Energetic Offset through Enhanced Anchoring Ability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403647. [PMID: 38708960 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The near-infrared (NIR) sensor technology is crucial for various applications such as autonomous driving and biometric tracking. Silicon photodetectors (SiPDs) are widely used in NIR applications; however, their scalability is limited by their crystalline properties. Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have attracted attention for NIR applications owing to their scalability, low-temperature processing, and notably low dark current density (JD), which is similar to that of SiPDs. However, the still high JD (at NIR band) and few measurements of noise equivalent powers (NEPs) pose challenges for accurate performance comparisons. This study addresses these issues by quantitatively characterizing the performance matrix and JD generation mechanism using electron-blocking layers (EBLs) in OPDs. The energy offset at an EBL/photosensitive layer interface determines the thermal activation energy and directly affects JD. A newly synthesized EBL (3PAFBr) substantially enhances the interfacial energy barrier by forming a homogeneous contact owing to the improved anchoring ability of 3PAFBr. As a result, the OPD with 3PAFBr yields a noise current of 852 aA (JD = 12.3 fA cm⁻2 at V → -0.1 V) and several femtowatt-scale NEPs. As far as it is known, this is an ultralow of JD in NIR OPDs. This emphasizes the necessity for quantitative performance characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyuk Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Lee
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Jang
- Department of Advanced Battery Convergence Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Min Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Shim
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Oh
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Saeed
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Soo Yu
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Hwang
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Won Park
- Department of Advanced Battery Convergence Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Youn Lee
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Woong Jo
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Shim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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10
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Yin B, Zhou X, Li Y, Hu G, Wei W, Yang M, Jeong S, Deng W, Wu B, Cao Y, Huang B, Pan L, Yang X, Fu Z, Fang Y, Shen L, Yang C, Wu H, Lan L, Huang F, Cao Y, Duan C. Sensitive Organic Photodetectors With Spectral Response up to 1.3 µm Using a Quinoidal Molecular Semiconductor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310811. [PMID: 38358297 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Detecting short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) light has underpinned several emerging technologies. However, the development of highly sensitive organic photodetectors (OPDs) operating in the SWIR region is hindered by their poor external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) and high dark currents. Herein, the development of high-sensitivity SWIR-OPDs with an efficient photoelectric response extending up to 1.3 µm is reported. These OPDs utilize a new ultralow-bandgap molecular semiconductor featuring a quinoidal tricyclic electron-deficient central unit and multiple non-covalent conformation locks. The SWIR-OPD achieves an unprecedented EQE of 26% under zero bias and an even more impressive EQE of up to 41% under a -4 V bias at 1.10 µm, effectively pushing the detection limit of silicon photodetectors. Additionally, the low energetic disorder and trap density in the active layer lead to significant suppression of thermal-generation carriers and dark current, resulting in excellent detectivity (Dsh *) exceeding 1013 Jones from 0.50 to 1.21 µm and surpassing 1012 Jones even at 1.30 µm under zero bias, marking the highest achievements for OPDs beyond the silicon limit to date. Validation with photoplethysmography measurements, a spectrometer prototype in the 0.35-1.25 µm range, and image capture under 1.20 µm irradiation demonstrate the extensive applications of this SWIR-OPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Yin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- School of New Energy, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315336, P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Gangjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130015, P. R. China
| | - Wenkui Wei
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mingqun Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Perovtronics Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Baoqi Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Bo Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Langheng Pan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoru Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Fu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Liang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130015, P. R. China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Perovtronics Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hongbin Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Linfeng Lan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Duan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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11
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Goel V, Kumar Y, Rawat G, Kumar H. Self-powered photodetectors: a device engineering perspective. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38669162 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00607k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Nanoscale self-powered photodetectors that can work without any external source of energy are required for future applications. There is potential demand for these devices in areas like wireless surveillance, weather forecasting, remote monitoring, and places where the availability of power is scarce. This study provides an overview of state of the art research trends and improvements in self-powered photodetectors. A device engineering perspective for improvement in the figures of merit has been presented along with a description of additional effects like pyro-phototronic, piezo-phototronic, and surface plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Goel
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India.
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India.
| | - Gopal Rawat
- School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, India.
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India.
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12
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Xiong S, Yang X. Optical color routing enabled by deep learning. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38592716 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00105b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Nano-color routing has emerged as an immensely popular and widely discussed subject in the realms of light field manipulation, image sensing, and the integration of deep learning. The conventional dye filters employed in commercial applications have long been hampered by several limitations, including subpar signal-to-noise ratio, restricted upper bounds on optical efficiency, and challenges associated with miniaturization. Nonetheless, the advent of bandpass-free color routing has opened up unprecedented avenues for achieving remarkable optical spectral efficiency and operation at sub-wavelength scales within the area of image sensing applications. This has brought about a paradigm shift, fundamentally transforming the field by offering a promising solution to surmount the constraints encountered with traditional dye filters. This review presents a comprehensive exploration of representative deep learning-driven nano-color routing structure designs, encompassing forward simulation algorithms, photonic neural networks, and various global and local topology optimization methods. A thorough comparison is drawn between the exceptional light-splitting capabilities exhibited by these methods and those of traditional design approaches. Additionally, the existing research on color routing is summarized, highlighting a promising direction for forthcoming development, delivering valuable insights to advance the field of color routing and serving as a powerful reference for future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Xianguang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
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13
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Wang Y, Yang S, Sulaman M, Zou G, Xin H, Ge Z, Zhang Z, Zhu M, Zou B, Jiang Y. Enhancing the performance of PbS:CsPbBr 3 bulk-heterojunction photodetectors by treating with imidazolium-based ionic liquids. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38465698 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06640a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
All-inorganic lead halide perovskites and quantum dots (QDs) have gained significant attention since their emergence, owing to their immense potential for applications in optoelectronic devices. Here, enhanced-performance broadband photodetectors based on the bulk-heterostructure of a CsPbBr3 perovskite and PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are presented, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM]BF4) ionic liquids as a dual-purpose additive were introduced in the blended film to regulate the surface of QDs by facilitating surface passivation, adjusting energy levels, and coupling with longer alkyl chains as compared to iodide ions (I-). As a result, a superior-quality bulk-heterostructure based photodetector with long-term stability was obtained, showing outstanding performance in photodetection across the visible to near-infrared wavelength range, demonstrating a high photoresponsivity of 22.4 A W-1 with a response time of 16.2 ms and a specific detectivity of 1.58 × 1014 Jones under 405 nm illumination. Thus, this work provides a novel modification strategy for PbS:CsPbBr3 as a promising material for novel optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Shengyi Yang
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Muhammad Sulaman
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Guanzhen Zou
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Haiyuan Xin
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenhua Ge
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Mengchun Zhu
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yurong Jiang
- School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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14
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Zheng A, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang S, Ding G, Song C, Li M, Yang F, Liu Y, Yao J. MAPbI 3perovskite photodetectors for high-performance optical wireless communication. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:215202. [PMID: 38320326 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad26db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
High-sensitivity and fast-response photodetectors (PDs) are vital part of optical wireless communication (OWC) system. In this work, we develop an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material (MAPbI3) based p-i-n structured PD. By optimizing the precursor solution concertation, the PD showed a high responsivity of 0.98 A W-1, a fast response timetrise/tfallof 12/12.5 μs, a specific detectivity of 2.62 × 1013Jones, and the f-3dBof 24 kHz under the 532 nm laser and -0.2 V bias voltage. Furthermore, we designed an OWC system based on the prepared PD. With the baud rate of 19200 bps, the system exhibits a bit error rate less than 10-6, and it can realize 9.63 m long-distance communication and quick transmission applications such as strings, texts, photos, and audios. Our work demonstrates the great application potential of perovskite PDs in the field of optical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aosheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Silei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanchu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Space Security, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianquan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Information Technology (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
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15
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Yang Y, Liu Y, Zhou J, Guo C, Liu D, Wang T, Li W. Dual Interface Modification Using Potassium Aspartic Acid to Realize Low Dark Current, High-Speed Nonfullerene Photodetectors. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:2675-2681. [PMID: 38426861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have attracted tremendous interest due to their potential applications in wearable electronics. However, due to the nonideal contacts between the electrodes and organic semiconductors, OPDs still suffer from high dark current and slow frequency response. Herein, by inserting potassium aspartic acid (PAA) interlayers between ITO/metal oxides and the metal oxides/active layer, the shunts and hole injections are blocked and the energy levels of the electrodes are aligned. As a result, our dual-interface modified OPDs (ITO/PAA/ZnO/PAA/PTB7-Th:ITIC/MoO3/Ag) exhibit suppressed dark current 550 times lower than the reference device, corresponding to specific detectivity of 2.1 × 1012 Jones, broad linear dynamic range of 113 dB, and quick response time to the nanosecond level. PAA interlayers have also been demonstrated to improve the storage stability of OPDs, leading to 10 times slower degradation for the on/off ratio when compared with the reference and conventional polyethylenimine-modified OPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yating Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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16
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Song Y, Jiang Q, Liu D. Vertically Stacked Transparent Organic Photodetectors for Light Intensity-Independent Wavelength Recognition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305973. [PMID: 37919096 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Wavelength recognition is one of the important functions of photodetectors. However, wavelength recognition of the reported photodetectors generally depends on light intensity, which limits the practical applications. Here, a light intensity-independent wavelength recognition scheme based on vertically stacked transparent photodetectors is reported. By analyzing light intensity attenuation behavior in the multiple stacked photodetectors, the wavelength of incident light can be accurately determined. Due to the high transparency of the detectors, the multiple stacked detectors allow incident light to pass through. Meanwhile, since the attenuation coefficients at different wavelengths are attributed to the detector's absorption characteristics, the intensity of incident light and its wavelength can be determined by analyzing the attenuation coefficients measured through each stacked detector. Consistent wavelength values obtained at different light intensities verify the light intensity-independence of the multistacked detector system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Song
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Qianqing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Dianyi Liu
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Industries of the Future, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
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17
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Shin H, Kim DY. Energy-efficient electronics with an air-friction-driven rotating gate transistor using tribotronics. iScience 2024; 27:109029. [PMID: 38327795 PMCID: PMC10847805 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Concern for the environment is one of the main factors that are increasing the demand for compact and energy-efficient electronic devices. Recent research has made advances in reducing the power consumption of field-effect transistors, including the use of high-dielectric insulators, low-voltage operation, and selective power-conservation strategies. This paper introduces a revolutionary air-friction-driven rotating gate transistor that operates without the need for a conventional gate voltage. This new device offers the advantages of wear resistance, a slim and flexible design (achieved through low-temperature solution processing), and a simplified three-layer structure that streamlines manufacturing and reduces potential carbon emissions. This device's wear resistance and ease of fabrication render the device a promising technology with applications in various fields, including electronics, vehicles, aviation, and wearable devices. This study provides evidence of the device's feasibility for use in real-world vehicular scenarios, underscoring its potential for future innovation and widespread adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Shin
- School of Semiconductor Display Technology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Center for Sensor Systems, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yu Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- Center for Sensor Systems, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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18
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Kang M, Lee DH, Kim J, Nam G, Baek S, Heo S, Noh Y, Chung DS. Boosting the Performance of Photomultiplication-Type Organic Photodiodes by Embedding CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305349. [PMID: 38064157 PMCID: PMC10870029 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, it is demonstrated that CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) can enhance the overall performances of photomultiplication-type organic photodiodes (PM-OPDs). The proposed approach enables the ionic-polarizable CsPbBr3 NCs to be evenly distributed throughout the depletion region of Schottky junction interface, allowing the entire trapped electrons within the depletion region to be stabilized, in contrast to previously reported interface-limited strategies. The optimized CsPbBr3 -NC-embedded poly(3-hexylthiophene-diyl)-based PM-OPDs exhibit exceptionally high external quantum efficiency, specific detectivity, and gain-bandwidth product of 2,840,000%, 3.97 × 1015 Jones, and 2.14 × 107 Hz, respectively. 2D grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction analyses and drift-diffusion simulations combined with temperature-dependent J-V characteristic analyses are conducted to investigate the physics behind the success of CsPbBr3 -NC-embedded PM-OPDs. The results show that the electrostatic interactions generated by the ionic polarization of NCs effectively stabilize the trapped electrons throughout the entire volume of the photoactive layer, thereby successfully increasing the effective energy depth of the trap states and allowing efficient PM mechanisms. This study demonstrates how a hybrid-photoactive-layer approach can further enhance PM-OPD when the functionality of inorganic inclusions meets the requirements of the target device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyun Kang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Kim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Geon‐Hee Nam
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Baek
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Heo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Young Noh
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
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19
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Lee S, Lee J, Sim HR, So C, Chung DS. Shortwave Infrared Organic Photodiodes Realized by Polaron Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310250. [PMID: 38016048 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for developing shortwave IR (SWIR) organic photodiodes (OPDs) using doped polymers is presented. SWIR OPDs are challenging to produce because of the limitations in extending the absorption of conjugated molecules and the high dark currents of SWIR-absorbing materials. Herein, it is shown that the conversion of bound polarons to free polarons by light energy can be utilized as an SWIR photodetection mechanism. To maximize the bound-polaron density and bound-to-free polaron ratio of the doped polymer film, the doping process is engineered and dopant molecules are diffused into the crystalline domain of the polymer matrix and a direct correlation between the bound-to-free polaron ratio and device performance is confirmed. The optimized double-doped SWIR OPD exhibits a high external quantum efficiency of 77 100% and specific detectivity of 1.11 × 1011 Jones against SWIR. These findings demonstrate the application potential of polarons as alternatives for Frenkel excitons in SWIR OPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeok Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Sim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan So
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kim TH, Choi YK, Lee GM, Saeed MA, Jung BK, Lee MJ, Choi HJ, Oh SJ, Shim JW. Ultra-Low Noise Level Infrared Quantum Dot Photodiodes with Self-Screenable Polymeric Optical Window. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309028. [PMID: 37991324 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot photodiodes (QPDs) have garnered significant attention because of their unparalleled near-infrared (NIR) detection capabilities, primarily attributable to their size-dependent bandgap tunability. Nevertheless, the broadband absorption spectrum of QPD engenders substantial noise floor within superfluous visible light regions, notably hindering their use in several emerging applications necessitating the detection of faint micro-light signals. To overcome these hurdles, a self-screenable NIR QPD featuring an internal optical filter with a thick polymeric interlayer to reduce electronic noise is demonstrated. This effectively screens out undesirable visible light regions while reducing the ionized defect owing to decreased density of state, yielding an extremely low dark current (≈1010 A cm-2 at V = -1 V). Consequently, the electronic noise spectral density is attained at levels below ≈10-27 -10-28 A2 Hz-1 , and responsivity (R) dropped to 92% within the visible light spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyuk Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyun Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Min Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Saeed
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ku Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ju Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Shim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kim TH, Yu BS, Ko HW, Park NW, Saeed MA, Ahn J, Jo S, Kim DY, Yoon SK, Lee KH, Jeong SY, Woo HY, Kim HJ, Kim TG, Park J, Park MC, Hwang DK, Shim JW. Self-Powering Sensory Device with Multi-Spectrum Image Realization for Smart Indoor Environments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307523. [PMID: 37972308 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of organic-based optoelectronic technologies for the indoor Internet of Things market, which relies on ambient energy sources, has increased, with organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and photodetectors (OPDs) considered promising candidates for sustainable indoor electronic devices. However, the manufacturing processes of standalone OPVs and OPDs can be complex and costly, resulting in high production costs and limited scalability, thus limiting their use in a wide range of indoor applications. This study uses a multi-component photoactive structure to develop a self-powering dual-functional sensory device with effective energy harvesting and sensing capabilities. The optimized device demonstrates improved free-charge generation yield by quantifying charge carrier dynamics, with a high output power density of over 81 and 76 µW cm-2 for rigid and flexible OPVs under indoor conditions (LED 1000 lx (5200 K)). Furthermore, a single-pixel image sensor is demonstrated as a feasible prototype for practical indoor operating in commercial settings by leveraging the excellent OPD performance with a linear dynamic range of over 130 dB in photovoltaic mode (no external bias). This apparatus with high-performance OPV-OPD characteristics provides a roadmap for further exploration of the potential, which can lead to synergistic effects for practical multifunctional applications in the real world by their mutual relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyuk Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Soo Yu
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Ko
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Won Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Saeed
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongtae Ahn
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Kim
- Department of Art and Technology, Seokyeong University, Seoul, 02713, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Kyu Yoon
- Spatial Optical Information Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju, 61007, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hoon Lee
- Spatial Optical Information Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI), Gwangju, 61007, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo J Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Hwang
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Shim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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22
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Kim D, Park HJ, Jung SH, Pyo WJ, Hassan SZ, Sim HR, Lee JH, Jee DW, Chung DS. Visible-Light Communication with Lighting: RGB Wavelength Division Multiplexing OLEDs/OPDs Platform. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309416. [PMID: 37856894 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
A multichannel/multicolor visible light communication (VLC) system using entirely organic components, including organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photodiodes (OPDs), is developed to demonstrate indoor lighting applications where the integration of OLEDs and OPDs has significant potential. To achieve this, tricolor (Red/Green/Blue(R/G/B))-selective OPD arrays for the receiver and tricolor OLED arrays for the emitter are developed. For (R/G/B)-selective OPDs, a Fabry-Pérot electrode to enhance color selectivity and a thick junction structure to effectively accommodate a wide range of driving voltages are introduced. For tricolor OLEDs, fluorescent-emitting materials are used to enhance the operating frequency in addition to introducing a cavity structure to achieve narrow emission. Utilizing these spectrally refined tricolor OPDs/OLEDs, a VLC system is designed for indoor lighting applications, and a systematic analysis of their signal-to-interference ratio dependence on the distance or angle between the transmitter and receiver is performed. The study's findings indicate the importance of emission angle-dependent wavelength shift of the OLED and the luminosity function, which varies with wavelength, in the R/G/B mixed-white-light-based VLC systems. Finally, the feasibility of VLC using tricolor OPDs/OLEDs in the real-life context of indoor white-color lighting is demonstrated, showing that the transmitted data patterns well-matched the received data patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Park
- Department of Intelligence Semiconductor Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hee Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Pyo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Zahid Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Sim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- 3D Convergence Center, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Jee
- Department of Intelligence Semiconductor Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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23
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Dang Q, Hu L, Yuan L, Miao X, Huang A, Su J, Wang J, Zhou Y, Chen X, Li Q, Li Z, Deng X. Enhanced Gain in Organic Photodetectors Using the Polymer with Singlet Open-Shell Ground State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312538. [PMID: 37843416 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors are critical components in intelligent optoelectronic systems, and photomultiplication-capable devices are essential for detecting weak optical signals. Despite significant advances, developing photomultiplication-type organic photodetectors with high gain and low noise current simultaneously remains challenging. In this work, a new conjugated polymer PDN with singlet open-shell ground state is introduced in active layers for electron capture, and the corresponding PDN-based photodetectors exhibited an enhanced photoelectric gain and decreased dark current density at a low forward bias. At 1.5 V, the PDN-based ternary photodetector has the external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 2552.3 % and the specific detectivity of 1.4×1014 Jones at 710 nm calculated by the measured noise current, with the gain 22 times higher than that of the control group. This study provides an approach for exploiting polymers with singlet open-shell ground state to enhance the gain of organic photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxi Dang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shen Zhen, 518055, China
| | - Lanzhen Hu
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Likai Yuan
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xincheng Miao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shen Zhen, 518055, China
| | - Arui Huang
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Junsheng Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shen Zhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yongheng Zhou
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shen Zhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shen Zhen, 518055, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Opto-Electronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xianyu Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shen Zhen, 518055, China
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24
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Kim J, Kweon H, Lee M, Kang M, Lee S, An S, Lee W, Choi S, Choi H, Seong Y, Ham H, Cha H, Lim J, Kim DH, Kim B, Chung DS. Exciton-Scissoring Perfluoroarenes Trigger Photomultiplication in Full Color Organic Image Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302786. [PMID: 37421369 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented but useful functionality of perfluoroarenes to enable exciton scissoring in photomultiplication-type organic photodiodes (PM-OPDs) is reported. Perfluoroarenes that are covalently connected to polymer donors via a photochemical reaction enable the demonstration of high external quantum efficiency and B-/G-/R-selective PM-OPDs without the use of conventional acceptor molecules. The operation mechanism of the suggested perfluoroarene-driven PM-OPDs, how covalently bonded polymer donor:perfluoroarene PM-OPDs can perform as effectively as polymer donor:fullerene blend-based PM-OPDs, is investigated. By employing a series of arenes and conducting steady-state/time-resolved photoluminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy analyses, it is found that interfacial band bending between the perfluoroaryl group and polymer donor is responsible for exciton scissoring and subsequent electron trapping, which induces photomultiplication. Owing to the acceptor-free and covalently interconnected photoactive layer in the suggested PM-OPDs, superior operational and thermal stabilities are observed. Finally, finely patterned B-/G-/R-selective PM-OPD arrays that enable the construction of highly sensitive passive matrix-type organic image sensors are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukmin Kweon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyun Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeok An
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjong Lee
- Graduate School of Energy Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokran Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbin Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Seong
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyobin Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongchul Lim
- Graduate School of Energy Science & Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Clean-Energy Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - BongSoo Kim
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Device Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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25
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Chen T, Liu Z, Zhang L, Wu H, Wu G, Chen H. Visible-Blind Narrowband Near-Infrared Photodetector for Precise Real-Time Photoplethysmography Measurement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50312-50320. [PMID: 37852300 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The visible-blind narrowband photodetector (NPD) with spectral selective sensitivity to near-infrared (NIR) light is an important technology in the field of cardiovascular health assessment. However, the biological information carried by NIR light constantly changes signals with small amplitude and fast speed, which puts high requirements on the performance of detectors. Herein, visible-blind NIR NPDs were constructed by integrating solution-processable films of perovskite, CuSCN, and organic semiconductors. The NIR response was provided by the organic bulk heterojunction (OBHJ) film with a narrow band gap. A thick perovskite layer was applied to screen the incident visible light and suppress the leakage current in the dark state. CuSCN with a high LUMO level blocked the extraction of the visible-light-induced free electrons. The width of the response window was restricted by adjusting the band gap of the perovskite and the donor/acceptor ratio of the OBHJ film. The optimized NIR NPD exhibits a comprehensive performance including visible-blind response, a tunable response spectrum, a high responsivity/detectivity, and a short response time. In practical photoplethysmography measurements, the detector can record the human heart rate in real time through a noninvasive technique and precisely monitor the whole cardiac cycle, which provides an effective method for early detection of cardiovascular symptoms for timely diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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26
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Dcosta JV, Ochoa D, Sanaur S. Recent Progress in Flexible and Wearable All Organic Photoplethysmography Sensors for SpO 2 Monitoring. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302752. [PMID: 37740697 PMCID: PMC10625116 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and wearable biosensors are the next-generation healthcare devices that can efficiently monitor human health conditions in day-to-day life. Moreover, the rapid growth and technological advancements in wearable optoelectronics have promoted the development of flexible organic photoplethysmography (PPG) biosensor systems that can be implanted directly onto the human body without any additional interface for efficient bio-signal monitoring. As an example, the pulse oximeter utilizes PPG signals to monitor the oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) in the blood volume using two distinct wavelengths with organic light emitting diode (OLED) as light source and an organic photodiode (OPD) as light sensor. Utilizing the flexible and soft properties of organic semiconductors, pulse oximeter can be both flexible and conformal when fabricated on thin polymeric substrates. It can also provide highly efficient human-machine interface systems that can allow for long-time biological integration and flawless measurement of signal data. In this work, a clear and systematic overview of the latest progress and updates in flexible and wearable all-organic pulse oximetry sensors for SpO2 monitoring, including design and geometry, processing techniques and materials, encapsulation and various factors affecting the device performance, and limitations are provided. Finally, some of the research challenges and future opportunities in the field are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jostin Vinroy Dcosta
- Mines Saint‐ÉtienneCentre Microélectronique de ProvenceDepartment of Flexible Electronics880, Avenue de MimetGardanne13541France
| | - Daniel Ochoa
- Mines Saint‐ÉtienneCentre Microélectronique de ProvenceDepartment of Flexible Electronics880, Avenue de MimetGardanne13541France
| | - Sébastien Sanaur
- Mines Saint‐ÉtienneCentre Microélectronique de ProvenceDepartment of Flexible Electronics880, Avenue de MimetGardanne13541France
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27
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Han T, Zhou S, Chen Y, Du Q, Li Y, Mo Y, Li B, Ding S, Chen Y, Jiang C. Controlling Electron/Hole Recombination in Near-Infrared Polymer Phototransistors through an Insulation Medium: A Pathway to Ultrahigh Photosensitivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:50321-50329. [PMID: 37861994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In near-infrared (NIR) polymer phototransistors, the photoresponse is proportional to the turn-on voltage shift (ΔVth). Due to the narrow band gap of NIR polymers, the ΔVth value is usually small. However, the use of a single bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer has a minimal effect on increasing the value of ΔVth. This is because doping with high concentrations of acceptors results in strong current traps and accelerates electron/hole recombination. In this work, a new strategy is proposed to control the recombination of electrons/holes. By doping an insulating medium made of polystyrene (PS) into BHJs, PC61BM:PS:PDPP3T-based ternary NIR phototransistors with high acceptor concentrations were prepared by using a one-step film transfer method (FTM). Compared with a PC61BM:PDPP3T-based binary device (1:1), a ternary device (1:1:1) exhibited a significant performance improvement. The ΔVth value (∼29.5 ± 1.0 V) increased by approximately 4-fold, the Iph/Idark (∼4.4 × 106) increased by a factor of 3000 to 4000-fold, and the dark current decreased by 2-3 orders of magnitude (@ Vg = 0 V). Additionally, the ternary devices demonstrated excellent performance across a wide ternary ratio range (1:1:1 to 4:2:1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Shangyun Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Du
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Ye Mo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Shufang Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
| | - Chunzhi Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds Research and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Electrical Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, P. R. China
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Liu Q, Li L, Wu J, Wang Y, Yuan L, Jiang Z, Xiao J, Gu D, Li W, Tai H, Jiang Y. Organic photodiodes with bias-switchable photomultiplication and photovoltaic modes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6935. [PMID: 37907460 PMCID: PMC10618528 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited sensitivity of photovoltaic-type photodiodes makes it indispensable to use pre-amplifier circuits for effectively extracting electrical signals, especially when detecting dim light. Additionally, the photomultiplication photodiodes with light amplification function suffer from potential damages caused by high power consumption under strong light. In this work, by adopting the synergy strategy of thermal-induced interfacial structural traps and blocking layers, we develop a dual-mode visible-near infrared organic photodiode with bias-switchable photomultiplication and photovoltaic operating modes, exhibiting high specific detectivity (~1012 Jones) and fast response speed (0.05/3.03 ms for photomultiplication-mode; 8.64/11.14 μs for photovoltaic-mode). The device also delivers disparate external quantum efficiency in two optional operating modes, showing potential in simultaneously detecting dim and strong light ranging from ~10-9 to 10-1 W cm-2. The general strategy and working mechanism are validated in different organic layers. This work offers an attractive option to develop bias-switchable multi-mode organic photodetectors for various application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jianhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Deen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Weizhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiling Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yadong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
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Kim YW, Lee D, Jeon Y, Yoo H, Cho ES, Darici E, Park YJ, Seo KI, Kwon SJ. Analyses of All Small Molecule-Based Pentacene/C 60 Organic Photodiodes Using Vacuum Evaporation Method. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2820. [PMID: 37947665 PMCID: PMC10650082 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The vacuum process using small molecule-based organic materials to make organic photodiodes (OPDIs) will provide many promising features, such as well-defined molecular structure, large scalability, process repeatability, and good compatibility for CMOS integration, compared to the widely used Solution process. We present the performance of planar heterojunction OPDIs based on pentacene as the electron donor and C60 as the electron acceptor. In these devices, MoO3 and BCP interfacial layers were interlaced between the electrodes and the active layer as the electron- and hole-blocking layer, respectively. Typically, BCP played a good role in suppressing the dark current by two orders higher than that without that layer. These devices showed a significant dependence of the performance on the thickness of the pentacene. In particular, with the pentacene thickness of 25 nm, an external quantum efficiency at the 360 nm wavelength according to the peak absorption of C60 was enhanced by 1.5 times due to a cavity effect, compared to that of the non-cavity device. This work shows the importance of a vacuum processing approach based on small molecules for OPDIs, and the possibility of improving the performance via the optimization of the device architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Kim
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam City 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.W.K.); (D.L.); (H.Y.); (E.-S.C.)
| | - Dongwoon Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam City 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.W.K.); (D.L.); (H.Y.); (E.-S.C.)
| | - Yongmin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam City 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam City 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.W.K.); (D.L.); (H.Y.); (E.-S.C.)
| | - Eou-Sik Cho
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam City 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.W.K.); (D.L.); (H.Y.); (E.-S.C.)
| | - Ezgi Darici
- CLAP Co., Ltd., 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam City 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (E.D.); (Y.-J.P.); (K.-I.S.)
| | - Young-Jun Park
- CLAP Co., Ltd., 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam City 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (E.D.); (Y.-J.P.); (K.-I.S.)
| | - Kang-Il Seo
- CLAP Co., Ltd., 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam City 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (E.D.); (Y.-J.P.); (K.-I.S.)
| | - Sang-Jik Kwon
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam City 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.W.K.); (D.L.); (H.Y.); (E.-S.C.)
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30
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Almasri RM, Ladouceur F, Mawad D, Esrafilzadeh D, Firth J, Lehmann T, Poole-Warren LA, Lovell NH, Al Abed A. Emerging trends in the development of flexible optrode arrays for electrophysiology. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031503. [PMID: 37692375 PMCID: PMC10491464 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical-electrode (optrode) arrays use light to modulate excitable biological tissues and/or transduce bioelectrical signals into the optical domain. Light offers several advantages over electrical wiring, including the ability to encode multiple data channels within a single beam. This approach is at the forefront of innovation aimed at increasing spatial resolution and channel count in multichannel electrophysiology systems. This review presents an overview of devices and material systems that utilize light for electrophysiology recording and stimulation. The work focuses on the current and emerging methods and their applications, and provides a detailed discussion of the design and fabrication of flexible arrayed devices. Optrode arrays feature components non-existent in conventional multi-electrode arrays, such as waveguides, optical circuitry, light-emitting diodes, and optoelectronic and light-sensitive functional materials, packaged in planar, penetrating, or endoscopic forms. Often these are combined with dielectric and conductive structures and, less frequently, with multi-functional sensors. While creating flexible optrode arrays is feasible and necessary to minimize tissue-device mechanical mismatch, key factors must be considered for regulatory approval and clinical use. These include the biocompatibility of optical and photonic components. Additionally, material selection should match the operating wavelength of the specific electrophysiology application, minimizing light scattering and optical losses under physiologically induced stresses and strains. Flexible and soft variants of traditionally rigid photonic circuitry for passive optical multiplexing should be developed to advance the field. We evaluate fabrication techniques against these requirements. We foresee a future whereby established telecommunications techniques are engineered into flexible optrode arrays to enable unprecedented large-scale high-resolution electrophysiology systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M. Almasri
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dorna Esrafilzadeh
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Josiah Firth
- Australian National Fabrication Facility, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Torsten Lehmann
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | | | - Amr Al Abed
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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31
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Zhao Y, Yin X, Li P, Ren Z, Gu Z, Zhang Y, Song Y. Multifunctional Perovskite Photodetectors: From Molecular-Scale Crystal Structure Design to Micro/Nano-scale Morphology Manipulation. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:187. [PMID: 37515723 PMCID: PMC10387041 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional photodetectors boost the development of traditional optical communication technology and emerging artificial intelligence fields, such as robotics and autonomous driving. However, the current implementation of multifunctional detectors is based on the physical combination of optical lenses, gratings, and multiple photodetectors, the large size and its complex structure hinder the miniaturization, lightweight, and integration of devices. In contrast, perovskite materials have achieved remarkable progress in the field of multifunctional photodetectors due to their diverse crystal structures, simple morphology manipulation, and excellent optoelectronic properties. In this review, we first overview the crystal structures and morphology manipulation techniques of perovskite materials and then summarize the working mechanism and performance parameters of multifunctional photodetectors. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies of multifunctional perovskite photodetectors and their advancements are highlighted, including polarized light detection, spectral detection, angle-sensing detection, and self-powered detection. Finally, the existing problems of multifunctional detectors and the perspectives of their future development are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yin
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengwei Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiu Ren
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenkun Gu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Song
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Jacoutot P, Scaccabarozzi AD, Nodari D, Panidi J, Qiao Z, Schiza A, Nega AD, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A, Gregoriou VG, Heeney M, Chochos CL, Bakulin AA, Gasparini N. Enhanced sub-1 eV detection in organic photodetectors through tuning polymer energetics and microstructure. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh2694. [PMID: 37285428 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the key challenges facing organic photodiodes (OPDs) is increasing the detection into the infrared region. Organic semiconductor polymers provide a platform for tuning the bandgap and optoelectronic response to go beyond the traditional 1000-nanometer benchmark. In this work, we present a near-infrared (NIR) polymer with absorption up to 1500 nanometers. The polymer-based OPD delivers a high specific detectivity D* of 1.03 × 1010 Jones (-2 volts) at 1200 nanometers and a dark current Jd of just 2.3 × 10-6 ampere per square centimeter at -2 volts. We demonstrate a strong improvement of all OPD metrics in the NIR region compared to previously reported NIR OPD due to the enhanced crystallinity and optimized energy alignment, which leads to reduced charge recombination. The high D* value in the 1100-to-1300-nanometer region is particularly promising for biosensing applications. We demonstrate the OPD as a pulse oximeter under NIR illumination, delivering heart rate and blood oxygen saturation readings in real time without signal amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Jacoutot
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Alberto D Scaccabarozzi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Raffaele Rubattino 81, Milano 20134, Italy
| | - Davide Nodari
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Julianna Panidi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zhuoran Qiao
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andriana Schiza
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Alkmini D Nega
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani, Rio, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
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33
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Zhang Y, Yu Y, Liu X, Miao J, Han Y, Liu J, Wang L. An n-Type All-Fused-Ring Molecule with Photoresponse to 1000 nm for Highly Sensitive Near-Infrared Photodetector. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211714. [PMID: 36842062 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Most of all-fused-ring π-conjugated molecules have wide or medium bandgap and show photo response in the visible range. In this work, an all-fused-ring n-type molecule, which exhibits an ultrasmall optical bandgap of 1.22 eV and strong near-infrared (NIR) absorption with an onset absorption wavelength of 1013 nm is reported. The molecule consists of 14 aromatic rings and has electron donor-acceptor characteristics. It exhibits excellent n-type properties with low-lying HOMO/LUMO energy levels of -5.48 eV/-3.95 eV and high electron mobility of 7.0 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Most importantly, its thin film exhibits a low trap density of 5.55 × 1016 cm-3 because of the fixed molecular conformation and consequently low conformation disorder. As a result, organic photodetector (OPD) based on the compound exhibits a remarkably low dark current density (Jd ) of 2.01 × 10-10 A cm-2 at 0 V. The device shows a shot-noise-limited specific detectivity (Dsh *) of exceeding 1013 Jones at 400-1000 nm wavelength region with a peak specific detectivity of 4.65 × 1013 Jones at 880 nm. This performance is among the best reported for self-powered NIR OPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yingjian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Junhui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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34
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Al Amin NR, Lee CC, Huang YC, Shih CJ, Estrada R, Biring S, Kuo MH, Li CF, Huang YC, Liu SW. Achieving a Highly Stable Perovskite Photodetector with a Long Lifetime Fabricated via an All-Vacuum Deposition Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21284-21295. [PMID: 37079463 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites (HOIP) have become a promising visible light sensing material due to their excellent optoelectronic characteristics. Despite the superiority, overcoming the stability issue for commercialization remains a challenge. Herein, an extremely stable photodetector was demonstrated and fabricated with Cs0.06FA0.94Pb(I0.68Br0.32)3 perovskite by an all-vacuum process. The photodetector achieves a current density up to 1.793 × 10-2 A cm-2 under standard one sun solar illumination while maintaining a current density as low as 8.627 × 10-10 A cm-2 at zero bias voltage. The linear dynamic range (LDR) and transient voltage response were found to be comparable to the silicon-based photodetector (Newport 818-SL). Most importantly, the device maintains 95% of the initial performance after 960 h of incessant exposure under one sun solar illumination. The achievements of these outstanding results contributed to the all-vacuum deposition process delivering a film with high stability and good uniformity, which in turn delays the degradation process. The degradation mechanism is further investigated by impedance spectroscopy to reveal the charge dynamics in the photodetector under different exposure times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Ridho Al Amin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Shih
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Richie Estrada
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Sajal Biring
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsueh Kuo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Feng Li
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Wei Liu
- Organic Electronics Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
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35
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Hou Y, Li J, Yoon J, Knoepfel AM, Yang D, Zheng L, Ye T, Ghosh S, Priya S, Wang K. Retina-inspired narrowband perovskite sensor array for panchromatic imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade2338. [PMID: 37058567 PMCID: PMC10104461 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The retina is the essential part of the human visual system that receives light, converts it to neural signal, and transmits to brain for visual recognition. The red, green, and blue (R/G/B) cone retina cells are natural narrowband photodetectors (PDs) sensitive to R/G/B lights. Connecting with these cone cells, a multilayer neuro-network in the retina provides neuromorphic preprocessing before transmitting to brain. Inspired by this sophistication, we develop the narrowband (NB) imaging sensor combining R/G/B perovskite NB sensor array (mimicking the R/G/B photoreceptors) with a neuromorphic algorithm (mimicking the intermediate neural network) for high-fidelity panchromatic imaging. Compared to commercial sensors, we use perovskite "intrinsic" NB PD to exempt the complex optical filter array. In addition, we use an asymmetric device configuration to collect photocurrent without external bias, enabling a power-free photodetection feature. These results display a promising design for efficient and intelligent panchromatic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Junde Li
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Jungjin Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Abbey Marie Knoepfel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Luyao Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Swaroop Ghosh
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Shashank Priya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Wu W, Lu H, Han X, Wang C, Xu Z, Han ST, Pan C. Recent Progress on Wavelength-Selective Perovskite Photodetectors for Image Sensing. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201499. [PMID: 36811238 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Spectral sensing plays a crucial part in imaging technologies, optical communication, and other fields. However, complicated optical elements, such as prisms, interferometric filters, and diffraction grating, are required for commercial multispectral detectors, which hampers their advance toward miniaturization and integration. In recent years, metal halide perovskites have been emerging for optical-component-free wavelength-selective photodetectors (PDs) because of their continuously tunable bandgap, fascinating optoelectronic properties, and simple preparation processes. In this review, recent advances in wavelength-selective perovskite PDs, including narrowband PDs, dual-band PDs, multispectral-recognizable PDs, and X-ray PDs, are highlighted, with an emphasis on device structure designs, working mechanisms, and optoelectronic performances. Meanwhile, the applications of wavelength-selective PDs in image sensing for single-/dual-color imaging, full-color imaging, and X-ray imaging are introduced. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives in this emerging field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Wu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hui Lu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xun Han
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhangsheng Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Su-Ting Han
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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37
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Li T, Hu G, Tao L, Jiang J, Xin J, Li Y, Ma W, Shen L, Fang Y, Lin Y. Sensitive photodetection below silicon bandgap using quinoid-capped organic semiconductors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6152. [PMID: 36989368 PMCID: PMC10058242 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
High-sensitivity organic photodetectors (OPDs) with strong near-infrared (NIR) photoresponse have attracted enormous attention due to potential applications in emerging technologies. However, few organic semiconductors have been reported with photoelectric response beyond ~1.1 μm, the detection limit of silicon detectors. Here, we extend the absorption of organic small-molecule semiconductors to below silicon bandgap, and even to 0.77 eV, through introducing the newly designed quinoid-terminals with high Mulliken-electronegativity (5.62 eV). The fabricated photodiode-type NIR OPDs exhibit detectivity (D*) over 1012 Jones in 0.41 to 1.2 μm under zero bias with a maximum of 2.9 × 1012 Jones at 1.02 μm, which is the highest D* for reported OPDs in photovoltaic-mode with response spectra beyond 1.1 μm. The high D* in 0.9 to 1.2 μm is comparable to those of commercial InGaAs photodetectors, despite the detection limit of our OPDs is shorter than InGaAs (~1.7 μm). A spectrometer prototype with a wide measurable region (0.4 to 1.25 μm) and NIR imaging under 1.2-μm illumination are demonstrated successfully in OPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gangjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liting Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jizhong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanjun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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38
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Lin Z, Yang Z, Wang J, Yang S. De Novo Studies of Working Mechanisms for Self-Driven Narrowband Perovskite Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36893374 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-driven narrowband perovskite photodetectors have recently attracted significant attention due to their simple preparation, high performance, and amenability for system integration. However, the origin of narrowband photoresponse and the related regulation mechanisms still remains elusive. To address these issues, we herein perform a systematic investigation by formulating an analytic model in conjunction with finite element simulation. The optical and electrical simulations have resulted in design principles for perovskite narrowband photodetectors in terms of the dependence of external quantum efficiency (EQE) on perovskite layer thickness, doping concentration, and band gap as well as trap state concentration. Careful investigations on the profiles of electric field, current, and optical absorption reveal the dependence of narrowband EQE on the direction of incident light and perovskite doping types: only p-type perovskite can yield the narrowband photoresponse for illumination from the hole transport layer (HTL) side. The simulation results demonstrated in this study shed new light on the mechanism of perovskite-based narrowband photodetectors and provide valuable guidance for their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhai Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, P. R. China
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Zhao R, Huang J, Liu M, Tan F, Zhang P, Chen Z, Yao X, Li S. Highly efficient and stable near-infrared photodetectors enabled from passivated tin-lead hybrid perovskites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:215702. [PMID: 36801855 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acbcda] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tin-lead perovskite-based photodetectors have a wide light-absorption wavelength range, which spans 1000 nm. However, the preparation of the mixed tin-lead perovskite films faces two great obstacles, namely easy oxidation of Sn2+to Sn4+and fast crystallization from tin-lead perovskite precursor solutions, thus further resulting in poor morphology and high density of defects in tin-lead perovskite films. In this study, we demonstrated a high-performance of near-infrared photodetectors prepared from a stable low-bandgap (MAPbI3)0.5(FASnI3)0.5film modified with 2-fluorophenethylammonium iodide (2-F-PEAI). The addition engineering can efficiently improve the crystallization of (MAPbI3)0.5(FASnI3)0.5films through the coordination binding between Pb2+and N atom in 2-F-PEAI, and resulting in a uniform and dense (MAPbI3)0.5(FASnI3)0.5film. Moreover, 2-F-PEAI suppressed Sn2+oxidation and effectively passivated defects in the (MAPbI3)0.5(FASnI3)0.5film, thereby significantly reducing the dark current in the PDs. Consequently, the near-infrared photodetectors showed a high responsivity with a specific detectivity of over 1012Jones at 800 to near-1000 nm. Additionally, the stability of PDs incorporated with 2-F-PEAI has been significantly improved under air conditions, and the device with the 2-F-PEAI ratio of 400:1 retained 80% of its initial efficiency after 450 h storage in air without encapsulation. Finally, 5 × 5 cm2photodetector arrays were fabricated to demonstrate the potential utility of the Sn-Pb perovskite photodetector in optical imaging and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhao
- Henan University, Kaifeng Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Huang
- Henan University, Kaifeng Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyue Liu
- Henan University, Kaifeng Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Furui Tan
- Henan University, Kaifeng Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Putao Zhang
- Henan University, Kaifeng Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng Chen
- Henan University, Kaifeng Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yao
- Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjun Li
- Henan University, Kaifeng Henan, People's Republic of China
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Thachoth Chandran H, Tang H, Liu T, Mahadevan S, Liu K, Lu Z, Huang J, Ren Z, Liao F, Chai Y, Fong PW, Tsang SW, Lu S, Li G. Architecturally simple organic photodiodes with highly competitive figures of merit via a facile self-assembly strategy. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:918-927. [PMID: 36546551 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01164f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors (PDs) based on organic materials exhibit potential advantages such as low-temperature processing, and superior mechanical properties and form factors. They have seen rapid strides toward achieving performance metrics comparable to inorganic counterparts. Here, a simplified device architecture is employed to realize stable and high-performance organic PDs (OPDs) while further easing the device fabrication process. In contrast to the sequential deposition of the hole blocking layer (HBL) and active layer (conventional 'two-step' processing), the proposed strategy forms a self-assembled HBL and active layer in a 'single-step' process. A high-performance UV-Vis-NIR OPD based on the PM6:BTP-eC9 system is demonstrated using this cost-effective processing strategy. The green solvent processed proof-of-concept device exhibits remarkable responsivity of ∼0.5 A W-1, lower noise current than conventional two-step OPD, ultrafast rise/fall times of 1.4/1.6 μs (comparable to commercial silicon diode), and a broad linear dynamic range of 140 dB. Importantly, highly stable (light and heat) devices compared to those processed by the conventional method are realized. The broad application potential of this elegant strategy is proven by demonstrating the concept in three representative systems with broadband sensing competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrisheekesh Thachoth Chandran
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
- Thin-film Solar Technology Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Taili Liu
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Information Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan Kunming 650500, China
| | - Sudhi Mahadevan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaming Huang
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiwei Ren
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Fuyou Liao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Patrick Wk Fong
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Sai-Wing Tsang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Thin-film Solar Technology Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
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41
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Liu L, Wei Z, Meskers SCJ. Semi-Transparent, Chiral Organic Photodiodes with Incident Direction-Dependent Selectivity for Circularly Polarized Light. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209730. [PMID: 36577393 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Detection of the circular polarization of light is possible using chiral semiconductors, yet the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Semi-transparent chiral photodiodes allow for a simple experiment to investigate the basis of their selectivity: changing the side from which the diode is illuminated. A reversal of circular selectivity is observed in photocurrent generation when changing the direction of illumination on organic, bulk-heterojunction cells. The change in selectivity can be explained by a space-charge limitation on the collection of photocarriers in combination with preferential absorption of one of the circular polarizations of near-infrared light by the chiral non-fullerene acceptor. The space-charge limitation is supported by detailed measurements of frequency and intensity dependence of dc and ac photocurrents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. box 513, Eindhoven, NL, 5600MB, The Netherlands
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. box 513, Eindhoven, NL, 5600MB, The Netherlands
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42
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Kim HJ, Sritandi W, Xiong Z, Ho JS. Bioelectronic devices for light-based diagnostics and therapies. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011304. [PMID: 38505817 PMCID: PMC10903427 DOI: 10.1063/5.0102811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Light has broad applications in medicine as a tool for diagnosis and therapy. Recent advances in optical technology and bioelectronics have opened opportunities for wearable, ingestible, and implantable devices that use light to continuously monitor health and precisely treat diseases. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the development and application of light-based bioelectronic devices. We summarize the key features of the technologies underlying these devices, including light sources, light detectors, energy storage and harvesting, and wireless power and communications. We investigate the current state of bioelectronic devices for the continuous measurement of health and on-demand delivery of therapy. Finally, we highlight major challenges and opportunities associated with light-based bioelectronic devices and discuss their promise for enabling digital forms of health care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weni Sritandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - John S. Ho
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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43
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Ma X, Bin H, van Gorkom BT, van der Pol TPA, Dyson MJ, Weijtens CHL, Fattori M, Meskers SCJ, van Breemen AJJM, Tordera D, Janssen RAJ, Gelinck GH. Identification of the Origin of Ultralow Dark Currents in Organic Photodiodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209598. [PMID: 36482790 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic bulk heterojunction photodiodes (OPDs) attract attention for sensing and imaging. Their detectivity is typically limited by a substantial reverse bias dark current density (Jd ). Recently, using thermal admittance or spectral photocurrent measurements, Jd has been attributed to thermal charge generation mediated by mid-gap states. Here, the temperature dependence of Jd in state-of-the-art OPDs is reported with Jd down to 10-9 mA cm-2 at -0.5 V bias. For a variety of donor-acceptor bulk-heterojunction blends it is found that the thermal activation energy of Jd is lower than the effective bandgap of the blends, by ca. 0.3 to 0.5 eV, but higher than expected for mid-gap states. Ultra-sensitive sub-bandgap photocurrent spectroscopy reveals that the minimum photon energy for optical charge generation in OPDs correlates with the dark current thermal activation energy. The dark current in OPDs is attributed to thermal charge generation at the donor-acceptor interface mediated by intra-gap states near the band edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Haijun Bin
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Bas T van Gorkom
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Tom P A van der Pol
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Dyson
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Christ H L Weijtens
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Fattori
- Integrated Circuits, Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C J Meskers
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel Tordera
- TNO/Holst Centre, High Tech Campus 31, Eindhoven, 5656 AE, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/ Catedrático J. Beltrán 2, Paterna, 46980, Spain
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, Eindhoven, 5612 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Gerwin H Gelinck
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
- TNO/Holst Centre, High Tech Campus 31, Eindhoven, 5656 AE, The Netherlands
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Synthesis and Applications of Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals in Optoelectronics. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The perovskites used for optoelectronic devices have been more attractive during recent years due to their wide variety of advantages, such as their low cost, high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), high carrier mobility, flexible bandgap tunability, and high light absorption ability. However, optoelectronic applications for traditional inorganic and organic materials present dilemmas due to their hardly tunable bandgap and instability. On the other hand, there are some more important benefits for perovskite nanocrystals, such as a size-dependent bandgap and the availability of anion exchange at room temperature. Therefore, perovskite NC-based applications are currently favored, offering a research direction beyond perovskite, and much research has focused on the stability issue and device performance. Thus, the synthesis and applications of perovskite NCs need to be thoroughly discussed for the future development of solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and laser research.
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45
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Liu J, Wang J, Xian K, Zhao W, Zhou Z, Li S, Ye L. Organic and quantum dot hybrid photodetectors: towards full-band and fast detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:260-269. [PMID: 36510729 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05281d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Photodetectors hold great application potential in many fields such as image sensing, night vision, infrared communication and health monitoring. To date, commercial photodetectors mainly rely on inorganic semiconductors, e.g., monocrystalline silicon, germanium, and indium selenide/gallium with complex and costly fabrication, which are hardly compatible with wearable electronics. In contrast, organic conjugated materials provide great superiority in flexibility and stretchability. In this Highlight, the unique properties of organic and quantum dot photodetectors were firstly discussed to reveal the great complementarity of the two technologies. Subsequently, the recent advance of organic/quantum dot hybrid photodetectors was outlined to highlight their great potential in developing broadband and high-performance photodetectors. Moreover, the multiple functions (e.g., dual-band detection and upconversion detection) of hybrid photodetectors were highlighted for their promising application in image sensing and infrared detection. Lastly, we present a forword-looking discussion on the challenges and our insights for the further advancement of hybrid photodetectors. This work may spark enormous research attention in organic/quantum dot electronics and advance the commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Shaojuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
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Mannanov AL, Balakirev DO, Papkovskaya ED, Solodukhin AN, Luponosov YN, Paraschuk DY, Ponomarenko SA. Spectrally Selective Full-Color Single-Component Organic Photodetectors Based on Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Molecules. Molecules 2023; 28:368. [PMID: 36615562 PMCID: PMC9823982 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodetectors based on organic materials are attractive due to their tunable spectral response and biocompatibility, meaning that they are a promising platform for an artificial human eye. To mimic the photoelectric response of the human eye, narrowband spectrally-selective organic photodetectors are in great demand, and single-component organic photodetectors based on donor-acceptor conjugated molecules are a noteworthy candidate. In this work, we present single-component selective full-color organic photodetectors based on donor-acceptor conjugated molecules synthetized to mimic the spectral response of the cones and rods of a human eye. The photodetectors demonstrated a high responsivity (up to 70 mA/W) with a response time of less than 1 µs, which is three orders of magnitude faster than that of human eye photoreceptors. Our results demonstrate the possibility of the creation of an artificial eye or photoactive eye "prostheses".
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur L. Mannanov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya St. 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry O. Balakirev
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya St. 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta D. Papkovskaya
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya St. 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Solodukhin
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya St. 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuriy N. Luponosov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya St. 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu. Paraschuk
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya St. 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Ponomarenko
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya St. 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia
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Kim Y, Zhu C, Lee WY, Smith A, Ma H, Li X, Son D, Matsuhisa N, Kim J, Bae WG, Cho SH, Kim MG, Kurosawa T, Katsumata T, To JWF, Oh JY, Paik S, Kim SJ, Jin L, Yan F, Tok JBH, Bao Z. A Hemispherical Image Sensor Array Fabricated with Organic Photomemory Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203541. [PMID: 36281793 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hemispherical image sensors simplify lens designs, reduce optical aberrations, and improve image resolution for compact wide-field-of-view cameras. To achieve hemispherical image sensors, organic materials are promising candidates due to the following advantages: tunability of optoelectronic/spectral response and low-temperature low-cost processes. Here, a photolithographic process is developed to prepare a hemispherical image sensor array using organic thin film photomemory transistors with a density of 308 pixels per square centimeter. This design includes only one photomemory transistor as a single active pixel, in contrast to the conventional pixel architecture, consisting of select/readout/reset transistors and a photodiode. The organic photomemory transistor, comprising light-sensitive organic semiconductor and charge-trapping dielectric, is able to achieve a linear photoresponse (light intensity range, from 1 to 50 W m-2 ), along with a responsivity as high as 1.6 A W-1 (wavelength = 465 nm) for a dark current of 0.24 A m-2 (drain voltage = -1.5 V). These observed values represent the best responsivity for similar dark currents among all the reported hemispherical image sensor arrays to date. A transfer method was further developed that does not damage organic materials for hemispherical organic photomemory transistor arrays. These developed techniques are scalable and are amenable for other high-resolution 3D organic semiconductor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongin Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Chenxin Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wen-Ya Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Anna Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Haowen Ma
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Donghee Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 16419, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Won-Gyu Bae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Myung-Gil Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tadanori Kurosawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - John W F To
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Seonghyun Paik
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Soo Jin Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lihua Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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48
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Han Z, Liao X, Zou Y, He Y, Li J, Gu Y, Hu D, Liu J, Zuo L, Liu Y, Xu X. Flexible Miniaturized Multispectral Detector Derived from Blade-Coated Organic Narrowband Response Unit Array. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21036-21046. [PMID: 36484564 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multispectral sensing is extremely desired in intelligent systems, e.g., autonomous vehicles, encrypted information communication, and health biometric monitoring, due to its highly sensitive spectral discrimination ability. Nevertheless, rigid bulky optics and delicate optical paths in devices significantly increase their complexity and size, which subsequently impede their integration in smart optoelectronic chips for universal applications. In this work, a filterless miniaturized multispectral photodetector is realized with an organic narrowband response unit array. With the manipulation of Frenkel exciton dissociation in active layers, a series of narrowband organic sensing units with full-width-at-half-maximum (fwhm) narrowing to ∼50 nm are achieved from 700 to 1050 nm with a laudable performance of responsivity of over 60 mA/W, -3 dB bandwidth over 10 kHz, linear dynamic range (LDR) reaching ∼120 dB, and a low noise current of less than 4 × 10-14 A·Hz-0.5. Furthermore, a 6 × 8 multispectral sensing array on a flexible substrate was fabricated with blade-coating. Assisted by a computational process, we successfully demonstrate the spectral recognition with a resolution of ∼50 nm and a mismatch of ∼10 nm. Finally, the function of matter identification is successfully achieved with our multispectral detector array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyao Han
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, China
| | - Xunfan Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang330022, China
| | - Yousheng Zou
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, China
| | - Yin He
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, China
| | - Junyu Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, China
| | - Yu Gu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, China
| | - Dawei Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Xiaobao Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210009, China
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Zhong Z, Liu X, Li L, Han Z, He Y, Xu X, Hai J, Zhu R, Yu J. An asymmetric A-D-π-A type non-fullerene acceptor enables high-detectivity near-infrared organic photodiodes. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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50
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Yun Y, Han GS, Park GN, Kim J, Park J, Vidyasagar D, Jung J, Choi WC, Choi YJ, Heo K, Kang J, Park JS, Jung HS, Lee S. A Wide Bandgap Halide Perovskite Based Self-Powered Blue Photodetector with 84.9% of External Quantum Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206932. [PMID: 36210726 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A self-powered, color-filter-free blue photodetector (PD) based on halide perovskites is reported. A high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 84.9%, which is the highest reported EQE in blue PDs, is achieved by engineering the A-site monovalent cations of wide-bandgap perovskites. The optimized composition of formamidinium (FA)/methylammonium (MA) increases the heat of formation, yielding a uniform and smooth film. The incorporation of Cs+ ions into the FA/MA composition suppresses the trap density and increases charge-carrier mobility, yielding the highest average EQE of 77.4%, responsivity of 0.280 A W-1 , and detectivity of 5.08 × 1012 Jones under blue light. Furthermore, Cs+ improves durability under repetitive operations and ambient atmosphere. The proposed device exhibits peak responsivity of 0.307 A W-1 , which is higher than that of the commercial InGaN-based blue PD (0.289 A W-1 ). This study will promote the development of next-generation image sensors with vertically stacked perovskite PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonghun Yun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Gill Sang Han
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Na Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhong Park
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Hybrid Materials Research Center (HMC), Sejong University (SJU), Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Devthade Vidyasagar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chang Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Choi
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Hybrid Materials Research Center (HMC), Sejong University (SJU), Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Heo
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Hybrid Materials Research Center (HMC), Sejong University (SJU), Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- KIST-SKKU Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sang Park
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwook Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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