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Yang Y, Yuan H, Cheng Y, Yang F, Liu M, Huang K, Wang K, Cheng S, Liu R, Li W, Liang F, Zheng K, Liu L, Tu C, Wang X, Qi Y, Liu Z. Fluid-Dynamics-Rectified Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Preparing Graphene-Skinned Glass Fiber Fabric and Its Application in Natural Energy Harvest. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25035-25046. [PMID: 39213649 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Graphene chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth directly on target using substrates presents a significant route toward graphene applications. However, the substrates are usually catalytic-inert and special-shaped; thus, large-scale, high-uniformity, and high-quality graphene growth is challenging. Herein, graphene-skinned glass fiber fabric (GGFF) was developed through graphene CVD growth on glass fiber fabric, a Widely used engineering material. A fluid dynamics rectification strategy was first proposed to synergistically regulate the distribution of carbon species in 3D space and their collisions with hierarchical-structured substrates, through which highly uniform deposition of high-quality graphene on fibers in large-scale 3D-woven fabric was realized. This strategy is universal and applicable to CVD systems using various carbon precursors. GGFF exhibits high electrical conductivity and photothermal conversion capability, based on which a natural energy harvester was first developed. It can harvest both solar and raindrop energy through solar heating and droplet-based electricity generating, presenting promising potentials to alleviate energy burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Yang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Mengxiong Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Kewen Huang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Shuting Cheng
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Ruojuan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Fushun Liang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Kangyi Zheng
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
- College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Ce Tu
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Xiaobai Wang
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
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2
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Wang K, Sun X, Cheng S, Cheng Y, Huang K, Liu R, Yuan H, Li W, Liang F, Yang Y, Yang F, Zheng K, Liang Z, Tu C, Liu M, Ma M, Ge Y, Jian M, Yin W, Qi Y, Liu Z. Multispecies-coadsorption-induced rapid preparation of graphene glass fiber fabric and applications in flexible pressure sensor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5040. [PMID: 38866786 PMCID: PMC11169262 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of graphene on dielectric/insulating materials is a promising strategy for subsequent transfer-free applications of graphene. However, graphene growth on noncatalytic substrates is faced with thorny issues, especially the limited growth rate, which severely hinders mass production and practical applications. Herein, graphene glass fiber fabric (GGFF) is developed by graphene CVD growth on glass fiber fabric. Dichloromethane is applied as a carbon precursor to accelerate graphene growth, which has a low decomposition energy barrier, and more importantly, the produced high-electronegativity Cl radical can enhance adsorption of active carbon species by Cl-CH2 coadsorption and facilitate H detachment from graphene edges. Consequently, the growth rate is increased by ~3 orders of magnitude and carbon utilization by ~960-fold, compared with conventional methane precursor. The advantageous hierarchical conductive configuration of lightweight, flexible GGFF makes it an ultrasensitive pressure sensor for human motion and physiological monitoring, such as pulse and vocal signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiucai Sun
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Shuting Cheng
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kewen Huang
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruojuan Liu
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Fushun Liang
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Yuyao Yang
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Kangyi Zheng
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Liang
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ce Tu
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Mengxiong Liu
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Ma
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Yunsong Ge
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
| | - Muqiang Jian
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjian Yin
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Centre for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, China.
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3
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Fang Y, Zhou K, Wei W, Zhang J, Sun J. Recent advances in batch production of transfer-free graphene. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10522-10532. [PMID: 38739019 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01339e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Large-area transfer-free graphene films prepared via chemical vapor deposition have proved appealing for various applications, with exciting examples in electronics, photonics, and optoelectronics. To achieve their commercialisation, batch production is a prerequisite. Nevertheless, the prevailing scalable synthesis strategies that have been reported are still obstructed by production inefficiencies and non-uniformity. There has also been a lack of reviews in this realm. We present herein a comprehensive and timely summary of recent advances in the batch production of transfer-free graphene. Primary issues and promising approaches for improving the graphene growth rate are first addressed, followed by a discussion of the strategies to guarantee in-plane and batch uniformity for graphene grown on planar plates and wafer-scale substrates, with the design of the target equipment to meet productivity requirements. Finally, potential research directions are outlined, aiming to offer insights into guiding the scalable production of transfer-free graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Fang
- College of Energy, SUDA-BGI Collaborative Innovation Centre, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhou
- College of Energy, SUDA-BGI Collaborative Innovation Centre, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Wenze Wei
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Jincan Zhang
- College of Energy, SUDA-BGI Collaborative Innovation Centre, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy, SUDA-BGI Collaborative Innovation Centre, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
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4
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Guo F, Hu F, Chen L, Tao X, Gao Z. High-Quality Acousto-Optic Modulators with High Diffraction Efficiency, Polarization Extinction Ratio, and Small Insertion Loss Based on a Novel BaO-TeO 2 -WO 3 Glass. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308079. [PMID: 37814538 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The Q-switched material and device have attracted extensive attention due to their irreplaceable role in pulsed lasers. In this paper, BaO-TeO2 -WO3 glass (BTW glass) with sound velocity and sound attenuation coefficient of 3422 m-1 s and 0.653 dB cm-1 is successfully selected and fabricated as acousto-optic material. Both free-spaced and fiber-coupled acousto-optic modulation devices based on BTW glass are designed and fabricated. The primary parameters such as diffraction efficiency, polarization extinction ratio, and insertion loss are comparable to or even surpassed that of commercial devices. A 1064 nm pulsed laser is successfully realized with a BTW glass free-spaced acousto-optic modulator. The maximum optical conversion efficiency, the narrowest pulse width, and the maximum single pulse energy of the 1064 nm pulsed laser are 32%, 54 ns, and 242.6 µJ, respectively. Both the device and laser performance indicate that the BTW glass is a remarkable acousto-optic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Fuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zeliang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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5
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Li Y, Zhou K, Ci H, Sun J. Recent Advances in Transfer-Free Synthesis of High-Quality Graphene. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300865. [PMID: 37491687 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
High-quality graphene obtained by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique holds significant importance in constructing innovative electronic and optoelectronic devices. Direct growth of graphene over target substrates readily eliminates cumbersome transfer processes, offering compatibility with practical application scenarios. Recent years have witnessed growing strategic endeavors in the preparation of transfer-free graphene with favorable quality. Nevertheless, timely review articles on this topic are still scarce. In this contribution, a systematic summary of recent advances in transfer-free synthesis of high-quality graphene on insulating substrates, with a focus on discussing synthetic strategies designed by elevating reaction temperature, confining gas flow, introducing growth promotor and regulating substrate surface is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghan Li
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, SUDA-BGI Collaborative Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Kaixuan Zhou
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, SUDA-BGI Collaborative Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Haina Ci
- College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, SUDA-BGI Collaborative Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
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6
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Zhou F, Lan R, Li Z, Liu B, Xie Q, Bao J, Liu J, Gao P, Yang H, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Graphene/Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal-Based Electro-Driven Thermochromic Light Modulators toward Wide-Gamut Dynamic Light Color-Tuning-Related Applications. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4617-4626. [PMID: 37161990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Light filters are ubiquitous in projection and display techniques, illumination engineering, image sensing, photography, etc., while those enabling wide-gamut dynamic light color tuning are still lacking. Herein, by combining the electro-heating capability of graphene and unique optical properties (thermochromism and circular dichroism) of small-molecule-weight cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC), a brand-new thermochromic light modulator is constructed as actively tunable color filter. Transparent graphene/glass hybrid with reasonably high conductivity serves both as a high-performance heater for actuating the thermochromism of temperature-responsive ChLC and as neutral light attenuator for brightness control. Thanks to the temperature- and polarization-dependent spectral properties of the ChLC, widely tunable hue and saturation properties of transmission light color are achieved, respectively. Several intriguing applications, e.g., color-variable smart windows for backlight color tuning and color-variable filters for photography, are also demonstrated. This work hereby provides new paradigms for promoting the applications of graphene/ChLC-based light modulators in next-generation light-management-related scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhou
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
| | - Ruochen Lan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
| | - Bingyao Liu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qin Xie
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Junling Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Huai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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7
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Xin X, Chen J, Ma L, Ma T, Xin W, Xu H, Ren W, Liu Y. Grain Size Engineering of CVD-Grown Large-Area Graphene Films. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2300156. [PMID: 37075746 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, a single atomic layer of graphitic carbon, has attracted much attention because of its outstanding properties hold great promise for a wide range of technological applications. Large-area graphene films (GFs) grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are highly desirable for both investigating their intrinsic properties and realizing their practical applications. However, the presence of grain boundaries (GBs) has significant impacts on their properties and related applications. According to the different grain sizes, GFs can be divided into polycrystalline, single-crystal, and nanocrystalline films. In the past decade, considerable progress has been made in engineering the grain sizes of GFs by modifying the CVD processes or developing some new growth approaches. The key strategies involve controlling the nucleation density, growth rate, and grain orientation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive description of grain size engineering research of GFs. The main strategies and underlying growth mechanisms of CVD-grown large-area GFs with nanocrystalline, polycrystalline, and single-crystal structures are summarized, in which the advantages and limitations are highlighted. In addition, the scaling law of physical properties in electricity, mechanics, and thermology as a function of grain sizes are briefly discussed. Finally, the perspectives for challenges and future development in this area are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Laipeng Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 130024, Changchun, China
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8
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Zhang ZC, Chen XD, Lu TB. Recent progress in neuromorphic and memory devices based on graphdiyne. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2196240. [PMID: 37090847 PMCID: PMC10116926 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2196240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY) is an emerging two-dimensional carbon allotrope featuring a direct bandgap and fascinating physical and chemical properties, and it has demonstrated its promising potential in applications of catalysis, energy conversion and storage, electrical/optoelectronic devices, etc. In particular, the recent breakthrough in the synthesis of large-area, high-quality and ultrathin GDY films provides a feasible approach to developing high-performance electrical devices based on GDY. Recently, various GDY-based electrical and optoelectronic devices including multibit optoelectronic memories, ultrafast nonvolatile memories, artificial synapses and memristors have been proposed, in which GDY plays a crucial role. It is essential to summarize the recent breakthrough of GDY in device applications as a guidance, especially considering that the existing GDY-related reviews mainly focus on the applications in catalysis and energy-related fields. Herein, we review GDY-based novel memory and neuromorphic devices and their applications in neuromorphic computing and artificial visual systems. This review will provide an insight into the design and preparation of GDY-based devices and broaden the application fields of GDY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-Dong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong-Bu Lu
- MOE International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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9
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Lu D, Ma LP, Zhong J, Tong J, Liu Z, Ren W, Cheng HM. Growing Nanocrystalline Graphene on Aggregates for Conductive and Strong Smart Cement Composites. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3587-3597. [PMID: 36745408 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Highly conductive concrete/mortar has been long pursued to realize structural health monitoring in the development of smart-cement-based facilities. However, it remains challenging to significantly increase the electrical conductivity of concrete/mortar without lowering the compressive strength and flowability. Here, nanocrystalline-graphene-coated aggregates (termed Gr@AGs) are synthesized to break this conductivity-strength tradeoff. Admixing Gr@AGs with cement enables the construction of a conductive network of graphene that simultaneously strengthens the interfacial transition zone between aggregates and paste. As a result, high conductivity and improved mechanical properties have been simultaneously realized in Gr@AGs-based smart mortars. The significant positive effects of Gr@AGs are further enhanced by combining them with a low percentage of carbon fiber. Typically, the 28-day compressive/flexural strength of the optimized mortar increases by 12.2%/19.4%, with the electrical resistivity reduced by over 3 orders of magnitude from ∼4.6 × 105 to 182 Ω cm. On this basis, we demonstrate high-sensitivity cement-based piezoresistive sensors with a fractional change in resistivity as high as ∼25%, which is more than 1 order of magnitude higher than those reported in comparable systems. This study provides a solution to the critical issues in developing smart cementitious composites by taking full advantage of graphene's properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Lu
- Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education (Harbin Institute of Technology), Harbin150090, People's Republic of China
- School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, People's Republic of China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai-Peng Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of the Ministry of Education (Harbin Institute of Technology), Harbin150090, People's Republic of China
- School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinmeng Tong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang110016, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen518055, People's Republic of China
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10
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Yang Y, Wei Y, Guo Z, Hou W, Liu Y, Tian H, Ren TL. From Materials to Devices: Graphene toward Practical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200671. [PMID: 36008156 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, as an emerging 2D material, has been playing an important role in flexible electronics since its discovery in 2004. The representative fabrication methods of graphene include mechanical exfoliation, liquid-phase exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition, redox reaction, etc. Based on its excellent mechanical, electrical, thermo-acoustical, optical, and other properties, graphene has made a great progress in the development of mechanical sensors, microphone, sound source, electrophysiological detection, solar cells, synaptic transistors, light-emitting devices, and so on. In different application fields, large-scale, low-cost, high-quality, and excellent performance are important factors that limit the industrialization development of graphene. Therefore, laser scribing technology, roll-to-roll technology is used to reduce the cost. High-quality graphene can be obtained through chemical vapor deposition processes. The performance can be improved through the design of structure of the devices, and the homogeneity and stability of devices can be achieved by mechanized machining means. In total, graphene devices show promising prospect for the practical fields of sports monitoring, health detection, voice recognition, energy, etc. There is a hot issue for industry to create and maintain the market competitiveness of graphene products through increasing its versatility and killer application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuhong Wei
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhanfeng Guo
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weiwei Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - He Tian
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuits & Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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11
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Li J, Chen M, Samad A, Dong H, Ray A, Zhang J, Jiang X, Schwingenschlögl U, Domke J, Chen C, Han Y, Fritz T, Ruoff RS, Tian B, Zhang X. Wafer-scale single-crystal monolayer graphene grown on sapphire substrate. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:740-747. [PMID: 35058609 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01174-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The growth of inch-scale high-quality graphene on insulating substrates is desirable for electronic and optoelectronic applications, but remains challenging due to the lack of metal catalysis. Here we demonstrate the wafer-scale synthesis of adlayer-free ultra-flat single-crystal monolayer graphene on sapphire substrates. We converted polycrystalline Cu foil placed on Al2O3(0001) into single-crystal Cu(111) film via annealing, and then achieved epitaxial growth of graphene at the interface between Cu(111) and Al2O3(0001) by multi-cycle plasma etching-assisted-chemical vapour deposition. Immersion in liquid nitrogen followed by rapid heating causes the Cu(111) film to bulge and peel off easily, while the graphene film remains on the sapphire substrate without degradation. Field-effect transistors fabricated on as-grown graphene exhibited good electronic transport properties with high carrier mobilities. This work breaks a bottleneck of synthesizing wafer-scale single-crystal monolayer graphene on insulating substrates and could contribute to next-generation graphene-based nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhu Li
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Eleven-Dimensional Nanomaterial Research Institute, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingguang Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdus Samad
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haocong Dong
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Eleven-Dimensional Nanomaterial Research Institute, Xiamen, China
| | - Avijeet Ray
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junwei Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University and Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaochuan Jiang
- Eleven-Dimensional Nanomaterial Research Institute, Xiamen, China
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Udo Schwingenschlögl
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jari Domke
- Institute of Solid State Physics (IFK), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Cailing Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Han
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Torsten Fritz
- Institute of Solid State Physics (IFK), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Tian
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
- Eleven-Dimensional Nanomaterial Research Institute, Xiamen, China.
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Shan J, Fang S, Wang W, Zhao W, Zhang R, Liu B, Lin L, Jiang B, Ci H, Liu R, Wang W, Yang X, Guo W, Rümmeli MH, Guo W, Sun J, Liu Z. Copper acetate-facilitated transfer-free growth of high-quality graphene for hydrovoltaic generators. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwab169. [PMID: 35967588 PMCID: PMC9370374 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct synthesis of high-quality graphene on dielectric substrates without a transfer process is of vital importance for a variety of applications. Current strategies for boosting high-quality graphene growth, such as remote metal catalyzation, are limited by poor performance with respect to the release of metal catalysts and hence suffer from a problem with metal residues. Herein, we report an effective approach that utilizes a metal-containing species, copper acetate, to continuously supply copper clusters in a gaseous form to aid transfer-free growth of graphene over a wafer scale. The thus-derived graphene films were found to show reduced multilayer density and improved electrical performance and exhibited a carrier mobility of 8500 cm2 V-1 s-1. Furthermore, droplet-based hydrovoltaic electricity generator devices based on directly grown graphene were found to exhibit robust voltage output and long cyclic stability, in stark contrast to their counterparts based on transferred graphene, demonstrating the potential for emerging energy harvesting applications. The work presented here offers a promising solution to organize the metal catalytic booster toward transfer-free synthesis of high-quality graphene and enable smart energy generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Shan
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sunmiao Fang
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Wendong Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Wen Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bei Jiang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haina Ci
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Ruojuan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wenyue Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Mark H Rümmeli
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
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13
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Heat Flux and Thermal Characteristics of Electrically Heated Windows: A Case Study. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Energy loss through windows can be high relatively compared to other opaque surfaces because insulation performance of fenestration parts is lower in the building envelope. Electrically heated window systems are used to improve the indoor environment, prevent condensation, and increase building energy efficiency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the thermal behaviors of a heated window under a field experiment condition. Experiments were conducted during the winter season (i.e., January and February) with the energy-efficient house that residents occupy. To collect measured data from the experimental house, temperature and heat flux meter sensors were used for the analysis of heat flow patterns. Such measured data were used to calculate heat gain ratios and compare temperature and dew point distribution profiles of heated windows with input power values under the changed condition in the operating temperature of the heated glazing. Results from this study indicated that the input average heat gain ratio was analyzed to be 75.2% in the south-facing and 83.8% in the north-facing at nighttime. Additionally, compared to January, reducing the operating temperature of the heated glazing by 3 °C decreased the input energy in February by 44% and 41% for the south-facing and north-facing windows, respectively. Through such field measurement study, various interesting results that could not be found in controlled laboratory chamber conditions were captured, indicating that the necessity of establishing various control strategies should be considered for the development and commercialization of heated windows.
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14
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Han Z, Li L, Jiao F, Yu G, Wei Z, Geng D, Hu W. Continuous orientated growth of scaled single-crystal 2D monolayer films. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6545-6567. [PMID: 36132651 PMCID: PMC9418785 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00545f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystal 2D materials have attracted a boom of scientific and technological activities. Recently, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) shows great promise for the synthesis of high-quality 2D materials owing to high controllability, high scalability and ultra-low cost. Two types of strategies have been developed: one is single-seed method, which focuses on the ultimate control of the density of nucleation into only one nucleus and the other is a multi-seed approach, which concentrates on the precise engineering of orientation of nuclei into a uniform alignment. Currently, the latter is recognized as a more effective method to meet the demand of industrial production, whereas the oriented domains can seamlessly merge into a continuous single-crystal film in a short time. In this review, we present the detailed cases of growing the representative monocrystalline 2D materials via the single-seed CVD method as well as show its advantages and disadvantages in shaping 2D materials. Then, other typical 2D materials (including graphene, h-BN, and TMDs) are given in terms of the unique feature under the guideline of the multi-seed growth approach. Furthermore, the growth mechanism for the 2D single crystals is presented and the following application in electronics, optics and antioxidation coatings are also discussed. Finally, we outline the current challenges, and a bright development in the future of the continuous orientated growth of scaled 2D crystals should be envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Fei Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solid Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China
| | - Dechao Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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15
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Chen Z, Xie C, Wang W, Zhao J, Liu B, Shan J, Wang X, Hong M, Lin L, Huang L, Lin X, Yang S, Gao X, Zhang Y, Gao P, Novoselov KS, Sun J, Liu Z. Direct growth of wafer-scale highly oriented graphene on sapphire. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabk0115. [PMID: 34797705 PMCID: PMC8604399 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of wafer-scale high-quality graphene on dielectrics is of paramount importance for versatile applications. Nevertheless, the synthesized graphene is typically a polycrystalline film with high density of uncontrolled defects, resulting in a low carrier mobility and high sheet resistance. Here, we report the direct growth of highly oriented monolayer graphene films on sapphire wafers. Our growth strategy is achieved by designing an electromagnetic induction heating CVD operated at elevated temperature, where the high pyrolysis and migration barriers of carbon species are easily overcome. Meanwhile, the embryonic graphene domains are guided into good alignment by minimizing its configuration energy. The thus obtained graphene film accordingly manifests a markedly improved carrier mobility (~14,700 square centimeters per volt per second at 4 kelvin) and reduced sheet resistance (~587 ohms per square), which compare favorably with those from catalytic growth on polycrystalline metal foils and epitaxial growth on silicon carbide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Chunyu Xie
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wendong Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jinpei Zhao
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Bingyao Liu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingyuan Shan
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Min Hong
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Lin
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Li Huang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shenyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (K.S.N.); (J.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xuan Gao
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (K.S.N.); (J.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Peng Gao
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871,China
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (K.S.N.); (J.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Chongqing 2D Materials Institute, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 400714, China
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (K.S.N.); (J.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (K.S.N.); (J.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (K.S.N.); (J.S.); (Z.L.)
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16
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Toko K, Murata H. Layer exchange synthesis of multilayer graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:472005. [PMID: 34384058 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1d05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature synthesis of multilayer graphene (MLG) on arbitrary substrates is the key to incorporating MLG-based functional thin films, including transparent electrodes, low-resistance wiring, heat spreaders, and battery anodes in advanced electronic devices. This paper reviews the synthesis of MLG via the layer exchange (LE) phenomenon between carbon and metal from its mechanism to the possibility of device applications. The mechanism of LE is completely different from that of conventional MLG precipitation methods using metals, and the resulting MLG exhibits unique features. Modulation of metal species and growth conditions enables synthesis of high-quality MLG over a wide range of growth temperatures (350 °C-1000 °C) and MLG thicknesses (5-500 nm). Device applications are discussed based on the high electrical conductivity (2700 S cm-1) of MLG and anode operation in Li-ion batteries. Finally, we discuss the future challenges of LE for MLG and its application to flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Toko
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Murata
- Device Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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17
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Zhou F, Liu B, Li Z, Zhou J, Shan J, Cui L, Hu J, Quan W, Cui K, Gao P, Zhang Y. Adhesion-Enhanced Vertically Oriented Graphene on Titanium-Covered Quartz Glass toward High-Stability Light-Dimming-Related Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10514-10524. [PMID: 34038079 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving the adhesion property of graphene directly grown on an insulating substrate is essential for promoting the reliability and durability of the related applications. However, effective approaches have rarely been reported, especially for vertically oriented graphene (VG) films grown on insulating templates. To tackle this, we have developed a facile synthetic strategy by introducing an ultrathin (10 nm-thick) titanium (Ti) film on a quartz glass substrate as the adhesion layer, for plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) growth of VG films. This synthetic process induces the formation of Ti, oxygen (O), carbon (C)-containing adhesion layer (Ti (O, C)), offering improved interfacial adhesion due to the formation of chemical bonds among Ti and C atoms. Dramatically improved surface and interface stabilities have been achieved, with regard to its counterpart without a Ti adhesion layer. Moreover, we have also realized precise controls of the transparent/conductive property, surface roughness, and hydrophobicity, etc., by varying the VG film growth time. We have also demonstrated the very intriguing application potentials of the hybrids in light-dimming related fields, that is, electro-heating defogging lenses and neutral density filters toward medical endoscope defogging and camera photography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhou
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Bingyao Liu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P.R. China
| | - Jinghui Zhou
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Shan
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P.R. China
| | - Lingzhi Cui
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhi Quan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Kejian Cui
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P.R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P.R. China
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18
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Meng X, Cheng Y, Wang P, Chen K, Chen Z, Liu X, Fu X, Wang K, Liu K, Liu Z, Duan X. Enhanced Hemocompatibility of a Direct Chemical Vapor Deposition-Derived Graphene Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:4835-4843. [PMID: 33474941 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of biomedical devices are being used to treat cardiovascular diseases, and thus they routinely come into contact with blood. Insufficient hemocompatibility has been found to impair the functionality and safety of these devices through the activation of blood coagulation and the immune system. Numerous attempts have been made to develop surface modification approaches of the cardiovascular devices to improve their hemocompatibility. However, there are still no ideal "blood-friendly" coating materials, which possess the desired hemocompatibility, tissue compatibility, and mechanical properties. As a novel multifunctional material, graphene has been proposed for a wide range of biomedical applications. The chemical inertness, atomic smoothness, and high durability make graphene an ideal candidate as a surface coating material for implantable devices. Here, we evaluated the hemocompatibility of a graphene film prepared on quartz glasses (Gra-glasses) from a direct chemical vapor deposition process. We found that the graphene coating, which is free of transfer-mediating polymer contamination, significantly suppressed platelet adhesion and activation, prolonged coagulation time, and reduced ex vivo thrombosis formation. We attribute the excellent antithrombogenic properties of the Gra-glasses to the low surface roughness, low surface energy (especially the low polar component of the surface energy), and the negative surface charge of the graphene film. Given these excellent hemocompatible properties, along with its chemical inertness, high durability, and molecular impermeability, a graphene film holds great promise as an antithrombogenic coating for next-generation cardiovascular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Puxin Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhaolong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaojie Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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19
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20
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Cui L, Huan Y, Shan J, Liu B, Liu J, Xie H, Zhou F, Gao P, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Highly Conductive Nitrogen-Doped Vertically Oriented Graphene toward Versatile Electrode-Related Applications. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15327-15335. [PMID: 33180469 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The direct growth of vertically oriented graphene (VG) on low-priced, easily accessible soda-lime glass can propel its applications in transparent electrodes and energy-relevant areas. However, graphene deposited at low temperature (∼600 °C) on the catalysis-free insulating substrates usually presents high defect density, poor crystalline quality, and unsatisfactory electrical conductivity. To tackle this issue, we select high borosilicate glass as the growth substrate (softening point ∼850 °C), which can resist higher growth temperature and thus afford higher graphene crystalline quality, by using a radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (rf-PECVD) route. A nitrogen doping strategy is also combined to tailor the carrier concentration through a methane/acetonitrile-precursor-based synthetic strategy. The sheet resistance of as-grown nitrogen-doped (N-doped) VG films on high borosilicate glass can thus be lowered down to ∼2.3 kΩ·sq-1 at a transmittance of 88%, less than half of the methane-precursor-based PECVD product. Significantly, this synthetic route allows the achievement of 30-inch-scale uniform N-doped graphene glass, thus promoting its applications as excellent electrodes in high-performance switchable windows. Additionally, such N-doped VG films were also employed as efficient electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Cui
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahuan Huan
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Shan
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyao Liu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Xie
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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21
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Jia K, Ci H, Zhang J, Sun Z, Ma Z, Zhu Y, Liu S, Liu J, Sun L, Liu X, Sun J, Yin W, Peng H, Lin L, Liu Z. Superclean Growth of Graphene Using a Cold-Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17214-17218. [PMID: 32542959 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has become a promising approach for the industrial production of graphene films with appealing controllability and uniformity. However, in the conventional hot-wall CVD system, CVD-derived graphene films suffer from surface contamination originating from the gas-phase reaction during the high-temperature growth. Shown here is that the cold-wall CVD system is capable of suppressing the gas-phase reaction, and achieves the superclean growth of graphene films in a controllable manner. The as-received superclean graphene film, exhibiting improved optical and electrical properties, was proven to be an ideal candidate material used as transparent electrodes and substrate for epitaxial growth. This study provides a new promising choice for industrial production of high-quality graphene films, and the finding about the engineering of the gas-phase reaction, which is usually overlooked, will be instructive for future research on CVD growth of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Jia
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Haina Ci
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Jincan Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.,Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhongti Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Ziteng Ma
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yeshu Zhu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Junling Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Luzhao Sun
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Wanjian Yin
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS), Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.,Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.,Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
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22
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Jia K, Ci H, Zhang J, Sun Z, Ma Z, Zhu Y, Liu S, Liu J, Sun L, Liu X, Sun J, Yin W, Peng H, Lin L, Liu Z. Superclean Growth of Graphene Using a Cold‐Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Jia
- Center for Nanochemistry Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Haina Ci
- College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS) Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies Soochow University Suzhou 215006 P. R. China
| | - Jincan Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute Beijing 100095 P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Zhongti Sun
- College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS) Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies Soochow University Suzhou 215006 P. R. China
| | - Ziteng Ma
- Center for Nanochemistry Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yeshu Zhu
- Center for Nanochemistry Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute Beijing 100095 P. R. China
| | - Junling Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute Beijing 100095 P. R. China
| | - Luzhao Sun
- Center for Nanochemistry Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS) Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies Soochow University Suzhou 215006 P. R. China
| | - Wanjian Yin
- College of Energy Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS (SIEMIS) Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies Soochow University Suzhou 215006 P. R. China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute Beijing 100095 P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute Beijing 100095 P. R. China
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23
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Saeed M, Alshammari Y, Majeed SA, Al-Nasrallah E. Chemical Vapour Deposition of Graphene-Synthesis, Characterisation, and Applications: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3856. [PMID: 32854226 PMCID: PMC7503287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene as the 2D material with extraordinary properties has attracted the interest of research communities to master the synthesis of this remarkable material at a large scale without sacrificing the quality. Although Top-Down and Bottom-Up approaches produce graphene of different quality, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) stands as the most promising technique. This review details the leading CVD methods for graphene growth, including hot-wall, cold-wall and plasma-enhanced CVD. The role of process conditions and growth substrates on the nucleation and growth of graphene film are thoroughly discussed. The essential characterisation techniques in the study of CVD-grown graphene are reported, highlighting the characteristics of a sample which can be extracted from those techniques. This review also offers a brief overview of the applications to which CVD-grown graphene is well-suited, drawing particular attention to its potential in the sectors of energy and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Saeed
- Energy and Building Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait;
| | - Yousef Alshammari
- Waikato Centre for Advanced Materials, School of Engineering, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;
| | - Shereen A. Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait;
| | - Eissa Al-Nasrallah
- Energy and Building Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait;
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24
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Cui G, Cheng Y, Liu C, Huang K, Li J, Wang P, Duan X, Chen K, Liu K, Liu Z. Massive Growth of Graphene Quartz Fiber as a Multifunctional Electrode. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5938-5945. [PMID: 32320217 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quartz fiber, a widely used reinforcer with high tensile strength and excellent heat resistance, can have more attractive electrical applications such as electromagnetic interference shielding, static dissipation, and strain sensing if it becomes conductive. Many attempts have been made to increase the electrical conductivity of quartz fiber by surface coating of conductive polymers or plating of metal films, but suffers from sacrificing flexibility and causing heavy metal pollution. Here we designed and massively produced a hybrid structure of graphene quartz fiber (GQF) by a forced-flow chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, which combines the excellent conductivity of graphene and the extraordinary properties of quartz fiber. The as-fabricated flexible GQF exhibited high sensitivity, fast response (<0.5 s) and good durability (∼5000 cycles) to organic solvent vapor, suitable as a real-time biomimetic gas sensor. Furthermore, the massively produced GQFs can be knitted into meter-scale fabrics with tunable conductivity (sheet resistances of 0.2-10 kΩ/sq) and superior electrothermal conversion efficiency (up to 980 °C within a few seconds at 24 V), thus propelling its promising application in industrial electric heaters. We expect this hybrid GQF material will greatly expand the applications of traditional quartz fiber into an infusive multifunctional regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Cui
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Can Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kewen Huang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junliang Li
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Puxin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaojie Duan
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
- Physics Research Center for Two-Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
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25
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Wu T, Shen J, Li Z, Zou T, Xin W, Xing F, Zhang F, Man Z, Fu S. Graphene-based ultrasensitive optical microfluidic sensor for the real-time and label-free monitoring of simulated arterial blood flow. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:16594-16604. [PMID: 32549478 DOI: 10.1364/oe.392993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive, real-time and label-free sensing of liquid flow in microfluidic environments remains challenging. Here, by growing high-quality graphene directly on a glass substrate, we designed a microfluidic-integrated graphene-based flow sensor (GFS) capable of detecting complex, weak, and transient flow velocity and pressure signals in a microfluidic environment. This device was used to study weak and transient liquid flows, especially blood flow, which is closely related to heart and artery functions. By simulating cardiac peristalsis and arterial flow using peristaltic pumps and microfluidic systems, we monitored simulated arterial blood flow. This ultrasensitive graphene-based flow sensor accurately detected a flow velocity limit as low as 0.7 mm/s, a pumping frequency range of 0.04 Hz to 2.5 Hz, and a pressure range from 0.6 kPa to 14 kPa. By measuring the blood flow velocities and pressures, pathological blood flow signals were distinguished and captured by the corresponding flow velocities or pressures, which can reflect vascular occlusion and heart functions. This sensor may be used for the real-time and label-free monitoring of patients' basic vital signs using their blood flow and provide a possible new method for the care of critically ill patients.
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26
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Shan J, Cui L, Zhou F, Wang R, Cui K, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Ethanol-Precursor-Mediated Growth and Thermochromic Applications of Highly Conductive Vertically Oriented Graphene on Soda-Lime Glass. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:11972-11978. [PMID: 32057228 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct growth of vertically oriented graphene (VG) nanowalls on soda-lime glass has practical significance in extending the application of graphene to daily-life-related areas, such as gas sensors and conductive electrodes, via combining their complementary properties and applications. However, VG films derived by low-temperature deposition (e.g., on glass) usually present relatively low conductivity and optical transparency. To tackle this issue, an ethanol-precursor-based, radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (rf-PECVD) route for the synthesis of VG nanowalls is developed in this research, at around the softening temperature of soda-lime glass (∼600 °C) templates. The average sheet resistance, i.e., ∼2.4 kΩ·sq-1 (at transmittance ∼81.6%), is only one-half of that achieved by a traditional methane-precursor-based PECVD route. Based on the highly conductive and optically transparent VG/glass, as well as its scalable size up to 25 in. scale, high-performance reversible thermochromic devices were successfully constructed using VG/glass as transparent heaters. Hereby, this work should propel the scalable synthesis and applications of highly conductive VG films on glass in next-generation transparent electronics and switchable windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Shan
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
| | - Lingzhi Cui
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Kejian Cui
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, P. R. China
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27
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Yu X, Fu S, Song Y, Wang H, Wang X, Kong J, Liu J. Color Contrast of Single-Layer Graphene under White Light Illumination Induced by Broadband Photon Management. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3827-3835. [PMID: 31875675 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing and manipulating the optical contrast of single-layer graphene (SLG) and other 2D materials has continuously been an interesting topic to understand fundamental light-matter interaction down to atomic thickness. Because the optical properties of SLG can be tuned by gating, demonstrating and manipulating the color contrast of SLG also has significant potential applications in ultrathin flexible color display. However, previous demonstrations of optical contrast of SLG are mostly limited to reflection intensity contrast under monochromatic illumination using the interference effect. The reported spectral contrast in SLG has mostly been narrow-band or at resonant wavelengths, and it required precise thickness control and/or nanolithography that are hardly scalable to large enough area for display applications. In this paper, we demonstrate novel color contrast optical visibility of SLG under white light using broadband photon management induced by nanoneedle-structured SnOx (x ≤ 1) transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), which is scalable to large-area color display. The low-temperature fabricated, self-assembled, nanoneedle-structured SnOx (x ≤ 1) thin films help to significantly increase the broadband optical absorption in SLG by enhancing the electromagnetic field and increasing the scattering efficiency at the SnOx/SLG interface. With nanoneedle-structured SnOx, the optical absorption in SLG on a fused quartz (SiO2) substrate is drastically increased from ∼1.4 to >10% at λ = 560-990 nm (from yellow to near infrared spectral regimes), leading to a clear color contrast to the surrounding region without SLG. The self-assembly approach, rather than sophisticated and costly nanolithography, allows scalable fabrication of large area 2D photonic devices with a broadband and highly efficient photon management effect. Therefore, this approach can be further extended to color-tunable TCO/dielectric/SLG 2D photonic devices by adjusting the free carrier concentrations/Fermi levels in the TCO and SLG layers via gating-a stepping stone toward ultrathin flexible color display technologies utilizing 2D materials and nanostructured thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobai Yu
- Thayer School of Engineering , Dartmouth College , 14 Engineering Drive , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Sidan Fu
- Thayer School of Engineering , Dartmouth College , 14 Engineering Drive , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Haozhe Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Xiaoxin Wang
- Thayer School of Engineering , Dartmouth College , 14 Engineering Drive , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Thayer School of Engineering , Dartmouth College , 14 Engineering Drive , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
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28
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Xie H, Cui K, Cui L, Liu B, Yu Y, Tan C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z. H 2 O-Etchant-Promoted Synthesis of High-Quality Graphene on Glass and Its Application in See-Through Thermochromic Displays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905485. [PMID: 31894647 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct growth of graphene on glass can bring an innovative revolution by coupling the complementary properties of traditional glass and modern graphene (such as transparency and conductivity), offering brand new daily-life related applications. However, preparation of high-quality graphene on nonmetallic glass is still challenging. Herein, the direct route of low sheet resistance graphene on glass is reported by using in situ-introduced water as a mild etchant and methane as a carbon precursor via chemical vapor deposition. The derived graphene features with large domain sizes and few amorphous carbon impurities. Intriguingly, the sheet resistance of graphene on glass is dramatically lowered down to ≈1170 Ω sq-1 at the optical transmittance ≈93%, ≈20% of that derived without the water etchant. Based on the highly conductive and optical transparent graphene on glass, a see-through thermochromic display is thus fabricated with transparent graphene glass as a heater. This work can motivate further investigations of the direct synthesis of high-quality graphene on functional glass and its versatile applications in transparent electronic devices or displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Xie
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Kejian Cui
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100091, P. R. China
| | - Lingzhi Cui
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Congwei Tan
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100091, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100091, P. R. China
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29
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Zhou J, Li J, Liu Z, Zhang J. Exploring Approaches for the Synthesis of Few-Layered Graphdiyne. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803758. [PMID: 30773752 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY) is an emerging carbon allotrope in the graphyne (GY) family, demonstrating extensive potential applications in the fields of electronic devices, catalysis, electrochemical energy storage, and nonlinear optics. Synthesis of few-layered GDY is especially important for both electronic applications and structural characterization. This work critically summarizes the state-of-art of GDY and focuses on exploring approaches for few-layered GDY synthesis. The obstacles and challenges of GDY synthesis are also analyzed in detail. Recently developed synthetic methods are discussed such as i) the copper substrate-based method, ii) the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, iii) the interfacial construction method, and iv) the graphene-templated method. Throughout the discussion, the superiorities and limitations of different methods are analyzed comprehensively. These synthetic methods have provided considerable inspiration approaching synthesis of few-layered or single-layered GDY film. The work concludes with a perspective on promising research directions and remaining barriers for layer-controlled and morphology-controlled synthesis of GDY with higher crystalline quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhou
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqiang Li
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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30
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Jiang Y, Gao L, Wang X, Dai W, Wu J, Dai X, Zou G. Laser Tailored Multilayer Graphene Grids for Transparent Conductive Electrodes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:207. [PMID: 31214799 PMCID: PMC6582020 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Applications of graphene as transparent conductive electrodes (TCE) have been hindered either by high cost of single crystal graphene or balance between transparency and sheet resistance of polycrystalline graphene. In this work, we propose to fabricate multilayer graphene film grids (MGFG) to enhance transparency and keep low sheet resistance through IR laser tailoring. It is proved that the transparency of MGFG could be increased by 200 times while remaining its competitive sheet resistance as low as 340 Ω sq-1 through adjusting the tailoring grid, and the corresponding figures of merit (FoM) is increased from 0.1 to 3.6. As-obtained MGFG is demonstrated in generating controllable local thermal field and defogging efficiently. The strategy of laser-tailoring grid will greatly advance the applications of graphene for transparent electrodes in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Jiang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000 China
| | - Liang Gao
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000 China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000 China
| | - Wentao Dai
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000 China
| | - Jiang Wu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Dai
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000 China
| | - Guifu Zou
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, and Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000 China
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31
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Lin L, Peng H, Liu Z. Synthesis challenges for graphene industry. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:520-524. [PMID: 31114064 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, China.
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32
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Xin W, Wu T, Zou T, Wang Y, Jiang W, Xing F, Yang J, Guo C. Ultrasensitive Optical Detection of Water Pressure in Microfluidics Using Smart Reduced Graphene Oxide Glass. Front Chem 2019; 7:395. [PMID: 31214575 PMCID: PMC6555094 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progresses in the field of microfluidics, the effect of liquid pressure on the detection accuracy has been rarely studied. Here, we perform a quantitative analysis of such effect, by utilizing the sensitive optical responses of graphene to the refractive index (RI) change of its surrounding environment. We utilize a reflection coupling configuration by combining the total internal reflection (TIR) and ultrasonic waves. The high-performance graphene is processed on common glasses by using the solution-processable oxidation-reduction method. We find that the RI change of water caused by a pressure as small as 500 Pa generated by the liquid level change in the microfluidics can be measured directly. The detection accuracy and response time limits are approximately 280 Pa and 100 ns, respectively. The Maxwell's boundary conditions, Fresnel's law, and Pascal's law are used in theoretical analyses. This work highlights the importance of liquid pressure in microfluidics and provides guidance in designing and accurate detection of microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xin
- The Guo China-US Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tiange Wu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Tingting Zou
- The Guo China-US Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Wang
- The Guo China-US Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wenshuai Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fei Xing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - JianJun Yang
- The Guo China-US Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- The Guo China-US Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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33
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Li Z, Zhang W, Xing F. Graphene Optical Biosensors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2461. [PMID: 31109057 PMCID: PMC6567174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene shows great potential in biosensing owing to its extraordinary optical, electrical and physical properties. In particular, graphene possesses unique optical properties, such as broadband and tunable absorption, and strong polarization-dependent effects. This lays a foundation for building graphene-based optical sensors. This paper selectively reviews recent advances in graphene-based optical sensors and biosensors. Graphene-based optical biosensors can be used for single cell detection, cell line, and anticancer drug detection, protein and antigen-antibody detection. These new high-performance graphene-based optical sensors are able to detect surface structural changes and biomolecular interactions. In all these cases, the optical biosensors perform well with ultra-fast detection, high sensitivities, unmarked, and are able to respond in real time. The future of the field of graphene applications is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwen Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Wenfei Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Fei Xing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
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34
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Han GF, Chen ZW, Jeon JP, Kim SJ, Noh HJ, Shi XM, Li F, Jiang Q, Baek JB. Low-Temperature Conversion of Alcohols into Bulky Nanoporous Graphene and Pure Hydrogen with Robust Selectivity on CaO. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807267. [PMID: 30815929 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The direct conversion of biorenewable alcohols into value-added graphene and pure hydrogen (H2 ) at benign conditions is an important challenge, especially, considering the open carbon-reduced cycle. In this study, it is demonstrated that inexpensive calcium oxide (CaO, from eggshells) can transform alcohols into bulky nanoporous graphene and pure hydrogen (≈99%) with robust selectivity at the temperature as low as 500 °C. Consequently, the growth of graphene can follow the direction of alcohol flow and uniformly penetrate into bulky nanoporous CaO platelets longer than 1 m without clogging. The experimental results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that alcohol molecules can be catalytically carbonized on the surface of CaO at low temperature. The concept of the comprehensive utilization of biomass-derived alcohols offers a carbon-negative cycle for mitigating global warming and the energy demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Feng Han
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Zhi-Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jong-Pil Jeon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jun Noh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Xiang-Mei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Qing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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35
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Chen Z, Qi Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Direct CVD Growth of Graphene on Traditional Glass: Methods and Mechanisms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803639. [PMID: 30443937 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on catalytic metal surfaces is considered to be the most effective way to obtain large-area, high-quality graphene films. For practical applications, a transfer process from metal catalysts to target substrates (e.g., poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), glass, and SiO2 /Si) is unavoidable and severely degrades the quality of graphene. In particular, the direct growth of graphene on glass can avoid the tedious transfer process and endow traditional glass with prominent electrical and thermal conductivities. Such a combination of graphene and glass creates a new type of glass, the so-called "super graphene glass," which has attracted great interest from the viewpoints of both fundamental research and daily-life applications. In the last few years, great progress has been achieved in pursuit of this goal. Here, these growth methods as well as the specific growth mechanisms of graphene on glass surfaces are summarized. The typical techniques developed include direct thermal CVD growth, molten-bed CVD growth, metal-catalyst-assisted growth, and plasma-enhanced growth. Emphasis is placed on the strategy of growth corresponding to the different natures of glass substrates. A comprehensive understanding of graphene growth on nonmetal glass substrates and the latest status of "super graphene glass" production are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
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36
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Cui L, Chen X, Liu B, Chen K, Chen Z, Qi Y, Xie H, Zhou F, Rümmeli MH, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Highly Conductive Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Grown on Glass toward Electrochromic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32622-32630. [PMID: 30170490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of low sheet resistance graphene on glass can promote the applications of such intriguing hybrid materials in transparent electronics and energy-related fields. Chemical doping is efficient for tailoring the carrier concentration and the electronic properties of graphene that previously derived from metal substrates. Herein, we report the direct synthesis of 5 in. uniform nitrogen-doped (N-doped) graphene on the quartz glass through a designed low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) route. Ethanol and methylamine were selected respectively as precursor and dopant for acquiring predominantly graphitic-N-doped graphene. We reveal that by a precise control of growth temperature and thus the doping level the sheet resistance of graphene on glass can be as low as one-half that of nondoped graphene, accompanied by relative high crystal quality and transparency. Significantly, we demonstrate that this scalable, 5 in. uniform N-doped graphene glass can serve as excellent electrode materials for fabricating high performance electrochromic smart windows, featured with a much simplified device structure. This work should pave ways for the direct synthesis and application of the new type graphene-based hybrid material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark H Rümmeli
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100091 , People's Republic of China
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37
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Lin L, Deng B, Sun J, Peng H, Liu Z. Bridging the Gap between Reality and Ideal in Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Graphene. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9281-9343. [PMID: 30207458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Graphene, in its ideal form, is a two-dimensional (2D) material consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. The richness in morphological, physical, mechanical, and optical properties of ideal graphene has stimulated enormous scientific and industrial interest, since its first exfoliation in 2004. In turn, the production of graphene in a reliable, controllable, and scalable manner has become significantly important to bring us closer to practical applications of graphene. To this end, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) offers tantalizing opportunities for the synthesis of large-area, uniform, and high-quality graphene films. However, quite different from the ideal 2D structure of graphene, in reality, the currently available CVD-grown graphene films are still suffering from intrinsic defective grain boundaries, surface contaminations, and wrinkles, together with low growth rate and the requirement of inevitable transfer. Clearly, a gap still exits between the reality of CVD-derived graphene, especially in industrial production, and ideal graphene with outstanding properties. This Review will emphasize the recent advances and strategies in CVD production of graphene for settling these issues to bridge the giant gap. We begin with brief background information about the synthesis of nanoscale carbon allotropes, followed by the discussion of fundamental growth mechanism and kinetics of CVD growth of graphene. We then discuss the strategies for perfecting the quality of CVD-derived graphene with regard to domain size, cleanness, flatness, growth rate, scalability, and direct growth of graphene on functional substrate. Finally, a perspective on future development in the research relevant to scalable growth of high-quality graphene is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Bing Deng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), College of Physics, Optoelectronics and Energy , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , P. R. China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies , Soochow University , Suzhou 215006 , P. R. China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China.,Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) , Beijing 100095 , P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P. R. China.,Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI) , Beijing 100095 , P. R. China
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38
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Wang H, Liu B, Wang L, Chen X, Chen Z, Qi Y, Cui G, Xie H, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Graphene Glass Inducing Multidomain Orientations in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Devices toward Wide Viewing Angles. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6443-6451. [PMID: 29787229 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The photonic reflection of a cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) device depends on the spatial distribution of the orientations of their helical axes, and many orientation techniques have been developed so far. In this study, we select the hybrids of graphene directly grown on quartz glass as platforms to construct ChLC-based devices. This special design makes graphene serve as both an alignment layer and a conductive layer, thus affording a more simplified device fabrication route. We reveal that multidomain structures can be evolved for ChLCs on polycrystalline monolayer graphene on quartz glass, as evidenced by polarized optical microscope characterizations. The disparate orientations of the helical axes of ChLCs and the formation of multidomain structures are proposed to be induced by the different domain orientations of graphene, leading to a wide viewing angle of the ChLC-based devices. Moreover, the pitch of ChLCs is also observed to play a key role in the relative orientations of ChLCs. A wide viewing angle of the ChLC-based device is also detected especially in the infrared spectrum region. Briefly, this work should provoke the application of graphene glass as a perfect transparent electrode in the fabrication of liquid-crystal-based devices showing broad application potentials in intelligent laser protection and energy-saving smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77840 , United States
| | - Xudong Chen
- Beijing Graphene Institute , Beijing 100091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolong Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Qi
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Cui
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Xie
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute , Beijing 100091 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
- Beijing Graphene Institute , Beijing 100091 , People's Republic of China
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39
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Soft transparent graphene contact lens electrodes for conformal full-cornea recording of electroretinogram. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2334. [PMID: 29899545 PMCID: PMC5998030 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual electrophysiology measurements are important for ophthalmic diagnostic testing. Electrodes with combined optical transparency and softness are highly desirable, and sometimes indispensable for many ocular electrophysiology measurements. Here we report the fabrication of soft graphene contact lens electrodes (GRACEs) with broad-spectrum optical transparency, and their application in conformal, full-cornea recording of electroretinography (ERG) from cynomolgus monkeys. The GRACEs give higher signal amplitude than conventional ERG electrodes in recordings of various full-field ERG responses. High-quality topographic mapping of multifocal ERG under simultaneous fundus monitoring is realized. A conformal and tight interface between the GRACEs and cornea is revealed. Neither corneal irritation nor abnormal behavior of the animals is observed after ERG measurements with GRACEs. Furthermore, spatially resolved ERG recordings on rabbits with graphene multi-electrode array reveal a stronger signal at the central cornea than the periphery. These results demonstrate the unique capabilities of the graphene-based electrodes for in vivo visual electrophysiology studies.
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Zhai Z, Shen H, Chen J, Li X, Jiang Y. Evolution of Structural and Electrical Properties of Carbon Films from Amorphous Carbon to Nanocrystalline Graphene on Quartz Glass by HFCVD. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17427-17436. [PMID: 29694019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct growth of graphene films on glass is of great importance but has so far met with limited success. The noncatalytic property of glass results in the low decomposition ability of hydrocarbon precursors, especially at reduced temperatures (<1000 °C), and therefore amorphous carbon (a-C) films are more likely to be obtained. Here, we report the hydrogen influence on the structural and electrical properties of carbon films deposited on quartz glass at 850 °C by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). The results revealed that the obtained a-C films were all graphitelike carbon films. Structural transition of the deposited films from a-C to nanocrystalline graphene was achieved by raising the hydrogen dilution ratios from 10 to over 80%. On the basis of systematic structural and chemical characterizations, a schematic process with three steps including sp2 chain aggregation, aromatic ring formation, and sp3 bond etching was proposed to interpret the structural evolution. The nanocrystalline graphene films grown on glass by HFCVD exhibited good electrical performance with a carrier mobility of 36.76 cm2/(V s) and a resistivity of 5.24 × 10-3 Ω cm over an area of 1 cm2. Temperature-dependent electrical characterizations revealed that the electronic transport in carbon films was dominated by defect, localized, and extended states, respectively, when increasing the temperature from 75 to 292 K. The nanocrystalline graphene films presented higher carrier mobility and lower carrier concentration than those of a-C films, which was mainly attributed to their smaller conductive activation energy. The present investigation provides an effective way for direct growth of graphene films on glass at reduced temperatures and also offers useful insights into the understanding of structural and electrical relationship between a-C and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhai
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , 29 Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Honglie Shen
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , 29 Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering , Changzhou University , Changzhou 213164 , P. R. China
| | - Jieyi Chen
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , 29 Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Li
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , 29 Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Ye Jiang
- College of Materials Science & Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technology for Energy Conversion , Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics , 29 Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
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Qi Y, Deng B, Guo X, Chen S, Gao J, Li T, Dou Z, Ci H, Sun J, Chen Z, Wang R, Cui L, Chen X, Chen K, Wang H, Wang S, Gao P, Rummeli MH, Peng H, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Switching Vertical to Horizontal Graphene Growth Using Faraday Cage-Assisted PECVD Approach for High-Performance Transparent Heating Device. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704839. [PMID: 29318672 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is an applicable route to achieve low-temperature growth of graphene, typically shaped like vertical nanowalls. However, for transparent electronic applications, the rich exposed edges and high specific surface area of vertical graphene (VG) nanowalls can enhance the carrier scattering and light absorption, resulting in high sheet resistance and low transmittance. Thus, the synthesis of laid-down graphene (LG) is imperative. Here, a Faraday cage is designed to switch graphene growth in PECVD from the vertical to the horizontal direction by weakening ion bombardment and shielding electric field. Consequently, laid-down graphene is synthesized on low-softening-point soda-lime glass (6 cm × 10 cm) at ≈580 °C. This is hardly realized through the conventional PECVD or the thermal chemical vapor deposition methods with the necessity of high growth temperature (1000 °C-1600 °C). Laid-down graphene glass has higher transparency, lower sheet resistance, and much improved macroscopic uniformity when compare to its vertical graphene counterpart and it performs better in transparent heating devices. This will inspire the next-generation applications in low-cost transparent electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qi
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bing Deng
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Tianran Li
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhipeng Dou
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haina Ci
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolong Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lingzhi Cui
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mark H Rummeli
- Soochow Institute For Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), School of Energy, College of Physics, Optoelectronic and Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
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Wang Z, Xue Z, Zhang M, Wang Y, Xie X, Chu PK, Zhou P, Di Z, Wang X. Germanium-Assisted Direct Growth of Graphene on Arbitrary Dielectric Substrates for Heating Devices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1700929. [PMID: 28561931 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct growth of graphene on dielectric substrates is a prerequisite to the development of graphene-based electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the current graphene synthesis methods on dielectric substrates always involve a metal contamination problem, and the direct production of graphene patterns still remains unattainable and challenging. Herein, a semiconducting, germanium (Ge)-assisted, chemical vapor deposition approach is proposed to produce monolayer graphene directly on arbitrary dielectric substrates. By the prepatterning of a catalytic Ge layer, the graphene with desired pattern can be achieved conveniently and readily. Due to the catalysis of Ge, monolayer graphene is able to form on Ge-covered dielectric substrates including SiO2 /Si, quartz glass, and sapphire substrates. Optimization of the process parameters leads to complete sublimation of the catalytic Ge layer during or immediately after formation of the monolayer graphene, enabling direct deposition of large-area and continuous graphene on dielectric substrates. The large-area, highly conductive graphene synthesized on a transparent dielectric substrate using the proposed approach has exhibited a wide range of applications, including in both defogger and thermochromic displays, as already successfully demonstrated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhongying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zengfeng Di
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
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Jiang WS, Xin W, Chen SN, Li CB, Gao XG, Pan LT, Liu ZB, Tian JG. Microshell Arrays Enhanced Sensitivity in Detection of Specific Antibody for Reduced Graphene Oxide Optical Sensor. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17020221. [PMID: 28125011 PMCID: PMC5336008 DOI: 10.3390/s17020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions play an important role in the investigation of biomolecules. In this paper, we reported on the use of a reduced graphene oxide microshell (RGOM)-based optical biosensor for the determination of goat anti-rabbit IgG. The biosensor was prepared through a self-assembly of monolayers of monodisperse polystyrene microspheres, combined with a high-temperature reduction, in order to decorate the RGOM with rabbit IgG. The periodic microshells allowed a simpler functionalization and modification of RGOM with bioreceptor units, than reduced graphene oxide (RGO). With additional antibody-antigen binding, the RGOM-based biosensor achieved better real-time and label-free detection. The RGOM-based biosensor presented a more satisfactory response to goat anti-rabbit IgG than the RGO-based biosensor. This method is promising for immobilizing biomolecules on graphene surfaces and for the fabrication of biosensors with enhanced sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shuai Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Wei Xin
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Shao-Nan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Cun-Bo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xiao-Guang Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Lei-Ting Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Zhi-Bo Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
- The 2011 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Therapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Jian-Guo Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
- The 2011 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Therapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Lee HC, Liu WW, Chai SP, Mohamed AR, Aziz A, Khe CS, Hidayah NS, Hashim U. Review of the synthesis, transfer, characterization and growth mechanisms of single and multilayer graphene. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00392g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene has emerged as the most popular topic in the active research field since graphene's discovery in 2004 by Andrei Geim and Kostya Novoselov.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Cheun Lee
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering
- Universiti Malaysia Perlis
- 01000 Kangar
- Malaysia
| | - Wei-Wen Liu
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering
- Universiti Malaysia Perlis
- 01000 Kangar
- Malaysia
| | | | - Abdul Rahman Mohamed
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Engineering Campus
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 14300 Nibong Tebal
- Malaysia
| | - Azizan Aziz
- School of Material and Mineral Resources Engineering
- Engineering Campus
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 14300 Nibong Tebal
- Malaysia
| | - Cheng-Seong Khe
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
- Bandar Seri Iskandar
- Malaysia
| | - N. M. S. Hidayah
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering
- Universiti Malaysia Perlis
- 01000 Kangar
- Malaysia
| | - U. Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering
- Universiti Malaysia Perlis
- 01000 Kangar
- Malaysia
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