1
|
He X, Yu J, Yin R, Huang Y, Zhang P, Xiao C, Chen X. An AIEgen and Iodine Double-Ornamented Platinum(II) Complex for Bimodal Imaging-Guided Chemo-Photodynamic Combination Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309894. [PMID: 38308168 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Real-time biodistribution monitoring and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of platinum(II)-based anticancer drugs are urgently required to elevate their clinical performance. Herein, a tetraphenylethene derivative (TP) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties and an iodine atom are selected as ligands to endow platinum (II) complex TP-Pt-I with real-time in vivo self-tracking ability by fluorescence (FL) and computerized tomography (CT) imaging, and improved anticancer efficacy by the combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Especially, benefiting from the formation of a donor-acceptor-donor structure between the AIE photosensitizer TP and Pt-I moiety, the heavy atom effects of Pt and I, and the presence of I, TP-Pt-I displayed red-shifted absorption and emission wavelengths, enhanced ROS generation efficiency, and improved CT imaging capacity compared with the pristine TP and the control agent TP-Pt-Cl. As a result, the enhanced intratumoral accumulation of TP-Pt-I loaded nanoparticles is readily revealed by dual-modal FL and CT imaging with high contrast. Meanwhile, the TP-Pt-I nanoparticles show significantly improved tumor growth-inhibiting effects on an MCF-7 xenograft murine model by combining the chemotherapeutic effects of platinum(II) and the photodynamic effects of TP. This self-tracking therapeutic complex thus provides a new strategy for improving the therapeutic outcomes of platinum(II)-based anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xidong He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Renyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Beach M, Nayanathara U, Gao Y, Zhang C, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Such GK. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5505-5616. [PMID: 38626459 PMCID: PMC11086401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The recent emergence of nanomedicine has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape and necessitated the creation of more sophisticated drug delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles sit at the forefront of numerous promising drug delivery designs, due to their unmatched control over physiochemical properties such as size, shape, architecture, charge, and surface functionality. Furthermore, polymeric nanoparticles have the ability to navigate various biological barriers to precisely target specific sites within the body, encapsulate a diverse range of therapeutic cargo and efficiently release this cargo in response to internal and external stimuli. However, despite these remarkable advantages, the presence of polymeric nanoparticles in wider clinical application is minimal. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. The biological barriers affecting drug delivery will be outlined first, followed by a comprehensive description of the various nanoparticle designs and preparation methods, beginning with the polymers on which they are based. The review will meticulously explore the current performance of polymeric nanoparticles against a myriad of diseases including cancer, viral and bacterial infections, before finally evaluating the advantages and crucial challenges that will determine their wider clinical potential in the decades to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian
A. Beach
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Umeka Nayanathara
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yanting Gao
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Changhe Zhang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yijun Xiong
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yufu Wang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Geng Y, Zou H, Li Z, Wu H. Recent advances in nanomaterial-driven strategies for diagnosis and therapy of vascular anomalies. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:120. [PMID: 38500178 PMCID: PMC10949774 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has demonstrated immense potential in various fields, especially in biomedical field. Among these domains, the development of nanotechnology for diagnosing and treating vascular anomalies has garnered significant attention. Vascular anomalies refer to structural and functional anomalies within the vascular system, which can result in conditions such as vascular malformations and tumors. These anomalies can significantly impact the quality of life of patients and pose significant health concerns. Nanoscale contrast agents have been developed for targeted imaging of blood vessels, enabling more precise identification and characterization of vascular anomalies. These contrast agents can be designed to bind specifically to abnormal blood vessels, providing healthcare professionals with a clearer view of the affected areas. More importantly, nanotechnology also offers promising solutions for targeted therapeutic interventions. Nanoparticles can be engineered to deliver drugs directly to the site of vascular anomalies, maximizing therapeutic effects while minimizing side effects on healthy tissues. Meanwhile, by incorporating functional components into nanoparticles, such as photosensitizers, nanotechnology enables innovative treatment modalities such as photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy. This review focuses on the applications and potential of nanotechnology in the imaging and therapy of vascular anomalies, as well as discusses the present challenges and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Geng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Huwei Zou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Zhaowei Li
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Tai'an, 271000, China.
| | - Haiwei Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang C, Zhu J, Wang S, Zhao L, Wei P, Yi T. Self-Assembled Nano-CT Contrast Agent Leveraging Size Aggregation for Improved In Vivo Tumor CT Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309789. [PMID: 37971929 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is a widely utilized noninvasive diagnostic tool in clinical practice. However, the commonly employed small molecular iodinated contrast agents (ICAs) in clinical CT imaging have limitations such as nonspecific distribution in body, rapid clearance through kidneys, etc., leading to a narrow imaging time window. In contrast, existing nano-sized ICAs face challenges like structural uncertainty, poor reproducibility, low iodine content, and uniformity issues. In this study, a novel approach is presented utilizing the aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) to design and fabricate a kind of monocomponent nano-sized ICA (namely, BioDHU-CT NPs) that exhibits a unique aggregation effect upon activation. The small sized BioDHU-CT nanoparticles exhibit excellent tumor targeting capabilities and can release ICA modified with AIEgen with a high release efficiency up to 88.45%, under the activation of reactive oxygen species highly expressed in tumor regions. The released ICA performs in situ aggregation capability in the tumor region, which can enhance the retention efficiency of CT contrast agents, extending the imaging time window and improving the imaging quality in tumor regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lingzhou Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Tao Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oyama Y, Kurokawa N, Hotta A. Multifunctionality of Iodinated Halogen-Bonded Polymer: Biodegradability, Radiopacity, Elasticity, Ductility, and Self-Healing Ability. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6094-6102. [PMID: 37856790 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
A polymer with high contents of ester bonds and iodine atoms was synthesized, exhibiting sufficient biodegradability and radioactivity for biomedical applications. The iodine moieties of the synthesized polyester can generate halogen bonding between molecules, which may develop additional functional properties through the bonding. In this study, poly(glycerol adipate) (PGA) was selected and synthesized as a polyester, which was then adequately conjugated with three different types of iodine compounds via the hydroxy groups of PGA. It was found that the iodine compounds could effectively work as donors of halogen bonding. The thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that the glass transition temperature increased with the increase in the strength of interactions caused by π-π stacking and halogen bonding, eventually reaching 49.6 °C for PGA with triiodobenzoic groups. An elastomeric PGA with monoiodobenzoic groups was also obtained, exhibiting a high self-healing ability at room temperature because of the reconstruction of halogen bonding. Such multifaceted performance of the synthesized polyester with controllable thermal/mechanical properties was realized by halogen bonding, leading to a promising biomaterial with multifunctionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Oyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Naruki Kurokawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hotta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Grolman E, Sirianni QEA, Dunmore-Buyze J, Cruje C, Drangova M, Gillies ER. Depolymerizing self-immolative polymeric lanthanide chelates for vascular imaging. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:530-541. [PMID: 37507034 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Medical imaging is widely used clinically and in research to understand disease progression and monitor responses to therapies. Vascular imaging enables the study of vascular disease and therapy, but exogenous contrast agents are generally needed to distinguish the vasculature from surrounding soft tissues. Lanthanide-based agents are commonly employed in MRI, but are also of growing interest for micro-CT, as the position of their k-edges allows them to provide enhanced contrast and also to be employed in dual-energy micro-CT, a technique that can distinguish contrast-enhanced blood vessels from tissues such as bone. Small molecule Gd3+ chelates are available, but are excreted too rapidly. At the same time, a lack of rapid clearance from the body for long-circulating agents presents toxicity concerns. To address these challenges, we describe here the use of self-immolative polymers for the development of new degradable chelates that depolymerize completely from end-to-end following the cleavage of a single end-cap from the polymer terminus. We demonstrate that tuning the end-cap allows the rate of depolymerization to be controlled, while tuning the polymer length enables the polymer to exhibit long circulation times in the blood of mice. After successfully providing one hour of blood contrast, depolymerization led to excretion of the resulting small molecule chelates into the bladder. Despite the high doses required for micro-CT, the agents were well tolerated in mice. Thus, these self-immolative polymeric chelates provide a new platform for the development of medical imaging contrast agents. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Vascular imaging is used clinically to diagnose and monitor vascular disease and in research to understand the progression of disease and study responses to new therapies. For techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and x-ray computed tomography (CT), long circulating contrast agents are needed to differentiate the vasculature from surrounding tissues. However, if these agents are not rapidly excreted from the body, they can lead to toxicity. We present here a new polymeric system that can chelate hundreds of lanthanide ions for imaging contrast and can circulate for one hour in the blood, but then after end-cap cleavage breaks down completely into small molecules for excretion. The successful application of this system in micro-CT in mice is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Grolman
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Quinton E A Sirianni
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Joy Dunmore-Buyze
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Charmainne Cruje
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Maria Drangova
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada; Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yue NN, Xu HM, Xu J, Zhu MZ, Zhang Y, Tian CM, Nie YQ, Yao J, Liang YJ, Li DF, Wang LS. Application of Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Diseases: A Complete Future Perspective. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4143-4170. [PMID: 37525691 PMCID: PMC10387254 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s413141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases currently relies primarily on invasive procedures like digestive endoscopy. However, these procedures can cause discomfort, respiratory issues, and bacterial infections in patients, both during and after the examination. In recent years, nanomedicine has emerged as a promising field, providing significant advancements in diagnostic techniques. Nanoprobes, in particular, offer distinct advantages, such as high specificity and sensitivity in detecting GI diseases. Integration of nanoprobes with advanced imaging techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, optical fluorescence imaging, tomography, and optical correlation tomography, has significantly enhanced the detection capabilities for GI tumors and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This synergy enables early diagnosis and precise staging of GI disorders. Among the nanoparticles investigated for clinical applications, superparamagnetic iron oxide, quantum dots, single carbon nanotubes, and nanocages have emerged as extensively studied and utilized agents. This review aimed to provide insights into the potential applications of nanoparticles in modern imaging techniques, with a specific focus on their role in facilitating early and specific diagnosis of a range of GI disorders, including IBD and colorectal cancer (CRC). Additionally, we discussed the challenges associated with the implementation of nanotechnology-based GI diagnostics and explored future prospects for translation in this promising field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning-ning Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min-zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-qiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lease N, Spielvogel KD, Davis JV, Tisdale JT, Klamborowski LM, Cawkwell MJ, Manner VW. Halogenated PETN derivatives: interplay between physical and chemical factors in explosive sensitivity. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7044-7056. [PMID: 37389270 PMCID: PMC10306076 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01627g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the factors that influence and can help predict energetic material sensitivity has long been a challenge in the explosives community. Decades of literature reports identify a multitude of factors both chemical and physical that influence explosive sensitivity; however no unifying theory has been observed. Recent work by our team has demonstrated that the kinetics of "trigger linkages" (i.e., the weakest bonds in the energetic material) showed strong correlations with experimental drop hammer impact sensitivity. These correlations suggest that the simple kinetics of the first bonds to break are good indicators for the reactivity observed in simple handling sensitivity tests. Herein we report the synthesis of derivatives of the explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) in which one, two or three of the nitrate ester functional groups are substituted with an inert group. Experimental and computational studies show that explosive sensitivity correlates well with Q (heat of explosion), due to the change in the number of trigger linkages removed from the starting material. In addition, this correlation appears more significant than other observed chemical or physical effects imparted on the material by different inert functional groups, such as heat of formation, heat of explosion, heat capacity, oxygen balance, and the crystal structure of the material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Lease
- High Explosives Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Kyle D Spielvogel
- High Explosives Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Jack V Davis
- High Explosives Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Jeremy T Tisdale
- High Explosives Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Lisa M Klamborowski
- High Explosives Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - M J Cawkwell
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Virginia W Manner
- High Explosives Science and Technology, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jin W, Fan B, Qin X, Liu Y, Qian C, Tang B, James TD, Chen G. Structure-activity of chlormethine fluorescent prodrugs: Witnessing the development of trackable drug delivery. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
10
|
Wu Q, Zheng Q, He Y, Chen Q, Yang H. Emerging Nanoagents for Medical X-ray Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:33-48. [PMID: 36625104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinxia Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qianyu Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu X, Jiang Z, Xing D, Yang Y, Li Z, Sun Z. Recent progress in nanocomposites of carbon dioxide fixation derived reproducible biomedical polymers. Front Chem 2022; 10:1035825. [PMID: 36277338 PMCID: PMC9585172 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1035825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the environmental problems accompanying the extensive application of biomedical polymer materials produced from fossil fuels have attracted more and more attentions. As many biomedical polymer products are disposable, their life cycle is relatively short. Most of the used or overdue biomedical polymer products need to be burned after destruction, which increases the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2). Developing biomedical products based on CO2 fixation derived polymers with reproducible sources, and gradually replacing their unsustainable fossil-based counterparts, will promote the recycling of CO2 in this field and do good to control the greenhouse effect. Unfortunately, most of the existing polymer materials from renewable raw materials have some property shortages, which make them unable to meet the gradually improved quality and property requirements of biomedical products. In order to overcome these shortages, much time and effort has been dedicated to applying nanotechnology in this field. The present paper reviews recent advances in nanocomposites of CO2 fixation derived reproducible polymers for biomedical applications, and several promising strategies for further research directions in this field are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiwen Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiwen Jiang, ; Zhiying Li,
| | - Dejun Xing
- Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiwen Jiang, ; Zhiying Li,
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xin X, Ni X, Shi K, Shao J, Zhang Y, Peng X, Yang W, Tian C, Zhou W, Zhang B. Iodine-Rich Nanoadjuvants for CT Imaging–Guided Photodynamic Immunotherapy of Breast Cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:915067. [PMID: 36072292 PMCID: PMC9442603 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.915067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, which stimulates the body’s own immune system to kill cancer cells, has shown great promise in the field of cancer therapy. However, the uncontrolled biodistribution of immunotherapeutic drugs may cause severe side effects. Herein, we report an iodine-rich nanoadjuvant (INA) for photo-immunotherapy. INA is prepared by encapsulating a toll-like receptor 7 agonist (R837) and a photosensitizer (phthalocyanine) into an iodine-rich amphiphilic copolymer PEG-PHEMA-I. By virtue of the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect, INA can effectively accumulate into the tumor site. Under light irradiation, photodynamic therapy (PDT) triggered by INA will induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) in the tumor region to trigger the release of immune-associated cytokines. Such a process may further induce the maturation of dendritic cells which will be accelerated by R837, leading to the proliferation of effector T cells for immunotherapy. The photo-immunotherapy mediated by INA shows good anticancer efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, INA is also a CT contrast agent owing to its high density of iodine, which can successfully illuminate tumors by CT imaging. Thus, our study develops a light-triggered nanoadjuvant for CT imaging–guided enhanced photo-immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Ni
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Shi
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Shao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanshuai Tian
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wen Zhou, ; Bing Zhang,
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Wen Zhou, ; Bing Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu J, He X, Zhang Q, Zhou D, Wang Z, Huang Y. Iodine Conjugated Pt(IV) Nanoparticles for Precise Chemotherapy with Iodine-Pt Guided Computed Tomography Imaging and Biotin-Mediated Tumor-Targeting. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6835-6846. [PMID: 35412302 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Theranostics of platinum (Pt)-based chemotherapy are able to self-track the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics while performing therapeutic effects. Pt-based CT imaging is expected to visualize and monitor the tumor throughout the entire tumor inhibition stage. However, a sufficient Pt concentration is necessary for CT imaging, which may bring about severe nephrotoxicity. A Bio-Pt-I compound is designed and synthesized by conjugation of iodine and biotin to the structure of Pt and further self-assembles into nanoparticles. The introduction of iodine not only enhances the CT imaging signal with a much lower dose of Pt but also overcomes the resistance of tumor cells to Pt-containing nanomedicine by inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2. Furthermore, biotin-mediated tumor targeting increases drug accumulation in tumors. This work combines CT imaging based self-track with efficient cisplatin-resistance reversion ability, which may promote the clinical transformation of Pt-containing nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xidong He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Qingfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Dongfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zigui Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dai G, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Jia J, Jia F, Yang L, Yang C. Small-Molecule Bi-DOTA Complex for High-Performance CT and Spectral CT Bioimaging. Front Oncol 2022; 12:813955. [PMID: 35251983 PMCID: PMC8894608 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.813955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives It is necessary to develop a high-performance and biocompatible contrast agent to accurately diagnose various diseases via in vivo computed tomography (CT) imaging. Here, we synthesized a small molecular Bi-DOTA complex as a high-performance contrast agent for in vitro and in vivo CT bioimaging. Materials and Methods In our study, Bi-DOTA was fabricated through a facile and one-pot synthesis strategy. The formed Bi-DOTA complex was characterized via different techniques. Furthermore, Bi-DOTA was used for in vitro and in vivo CT bioimaging to verify its X-ray attenuation ability, especially in vivo kidney imaging, gastrointestinal tract CT imaging, and spectral CT imaging. Results A small molecular Bi-DOTA complex with a molecular mass of 0.61 kDa was synthesized successfully, which exhibited outstanding dispersion, good biocompatibility, and superior X-ray attenuation ability. Meanwhile, we showed that the obtained contrast agent was quite biocompatible and safe in the given concentration range as confirmed by in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity assay. Also, the proposed contrast agent can be rapidly excreted from the body via the urinary system, avoiding the potential side effects caused by long-term retention in vivo. Importantly, Bi-DOTA was successfully used in high-quality in vitro CT imaging, in vivo kidney imaging, gastrointestinal tract CT imaging, and spectral CT imaging. Conclusions These superiorities allowed Bi-DOTA to be used as an efficient CT contrast agent and laid down a new way of designing high-performance CT contrast agents with great clinical transformation potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guidong Dai
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Ximei Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Juan Jia
- Department of Medical Imaging, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fei Jia
- Department of Medical Imaging, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Yang, ; Chunmei Yang,
| | - Chunmei Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Yang, ; Chunmei Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Y, Zhen W, Jiang X, Li J. Driving Forces Sorted In Situ Size‐Increasing Strategy for Enhanced Tumor Imaging and Therapy. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
| | - Wenyao Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xiue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nature-inspired dynamic gene-loaded nanoassemblies for the treatment of brain diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114029. [PMID: 34752841 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has great potential to treat brain diseases. However, genetic drugs need to overcome a cascade of barriers for their full potential. The conventional delivery systems often struggle to meet expectations. Natural biological particles that are highly optimized for specific functions in body, can inspire optimization of dynamic gene-loaded nanoassemblies (DGN). The DGN refer to gene loaded nanoassemblies whose functions and structures are changeable in response to the biological microenvironments or can dynamically interact with tissues or cells. The nature-inspired DGN can meet the needs in brain diseases treatment, including i) Non-elimination in blood (N), ii) Across the blood-brain barrier (A), iii) Targeting cells (T), iv) Efficient uptake (U), v) Controllable release (R), vi) Eyeable (E)-abbreviated as the "NATURE". In this Review, from nature to "NATURE", we mainly summarize the specific application of nature-inspired DGN in the "NATURE" cascade process. Furthermore, the Review provides an outlook for this field.
Collapse
|
17
|
Dong C, Wang X, Gong W, Ma W, Zhang M, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Yang Z, Qu S, Wang Q, Zhao Z, Yang G, Lv A, Ma H, Chen Q, Shi H, Yang Y(M, An Z. Influence of Isomerism on Radioluminescence of Purely Organic Phosphorescence Scintillators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaomin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Wenqi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Wenbo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Jingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Zixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Shuli Qu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Zhu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Guohui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Anqi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Huifang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Yang (Michael) Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211800 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang J, Liu W, Zhang P, Song Y, Ye Z, Fu H, Yang S, Qin Q, Guo Z, Zhang J. Polymers for Improved Delivery of Iodinated Contrast Agents. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:32-53. [PMID: 34851607 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (CT), as one of the most widely used noninvasive imaging modalities, can provide three-dimensional anatomic details with high resolution, which plays a key role in disease diagnosis and treatment assessment. However, although they are the most prevalent and FDA-approved contrast agents, iodinated water-soluble molecules still face some challenges in clinical applications, such as fast clearance, serious adverse effects, nonspecific distribution, and low sensitivity. Because of their high biocompatibility, tunable designability, controllable biodegradation, facile synthesis, and modification capability, the polymers have demonstrated great potential for efficient delivery of iodinated contrast agents (ICAs). Herein, we comprehensively summarized the applications of multifunctional polymeric materials for ICA delivery in terms of increasing circulation time, decreasing nephrotoxicity, and improving the specificity and sensitivity of ICAs for CT imaging. We mainly focused on various iodinated polymers from the aspects of preparation, functionalization, and application in medical diagnosis. Future perspectives for achieving better imaging and clinical translation are also discussed to motivate new technologies and solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Weiming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China.,Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yanqiu Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Zhanpeng Ye
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Han Fu
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shicheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang P, Ma X, Guo R, Ye Z, Fu H, Fu N, Guo Z, Zhang J, Zhang J. Organic Nanoplatforms for Iodinated Contrast Media in CT Imaging. Molecules 2021; 26:7063. [PMID: 34885645 PMCID: PMC8658861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging can produce three-dimensional and high-resolution anatomical images without invasion, which is extremely useful for disease diagnosis in the clinic. However, its applications are still severely limited by the intrinsic drawbacks of contrast media (mainly iodinated water-soluble molecules), such as rapid clearance, serious toxicity, inefficient targetability and poor sensitivity. Due to their high biocompatibility, flexibility in preparation and modification and simplicity for drug loading, organic nanoparticles (NPs), including liposomes, nanoemulsions, micelles, polymersomes, dendrimers, polymer conjugates and polymeric particles, have demonstrated tremendous potential for use in the efficient delivery of iodinated contrast media (ICMs). Herein, we comprehensively summarized the strategies and applications of organic NPs, especially polymer-based NPs, for the delivery of ICMs in CT imaging. We mainly focused on the use of polymeric nanoplatforms to prolong circulation time, reduce toxicity and enhance the targetability of ICMs. The emergence of some new technologies, such as theragnostic NPs and multimodal imaging and their clinical translations, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China; (P.Z.); (X.M.); (N.F.); (Z.G.)
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China; (P.Z.); (X.M.); (N.F.); (Z.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ruiwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhanpeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Han Fu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;
| | - Naikuan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China; (P.Z.); (X.M.); (N.F.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China; (P.Z.); (X.M.); (N.F.); (Z.G.)
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.G.); (Z.Y.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China; (P.Z.); (X.M.); (N.F.); (Z.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fei G, Ma S, Wang C, Chen T, Li Y, Liu Y, Tang B, James TD, Chen G. Imaging strategies using cyanine probes and materials for biomedical visualization of live animals. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
21
|
Dong C, Wang X, Gong W, Ma W, Zhang M, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Yang Z, Qu S, Wang Q, Zhao Z, Yang G, Lv A, Ma H, Chen Q, Shi H, Yang YM, An Z. Influence of Isomerism on Radioluminescence of Purely Organic Phosphorescence Scintillators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27195-27200. [PMID: 34532938 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There are few reports about purely organic phosphorescence scintillators, and the relationship between molecular structures and radioluminescence in organic scintillators is still unclear. Here, we presented isomerism strategy to study the effect of molecular structures on radioluminescence. The isomers can achieve phosphorescence efficiency of up to 22.8 % by ultraviolet irradiation. Under X-ray irradiation, both m-BA and p-BA show excellent radioluminescence, while o-BA has almost no radioluminescence. Through experimental and theoretical investigation, we found that radioluminescence was not only affected by non-radiation in emissive process, but also highly depended on the material conductivity caused by the different molecular packing. This study not only allows us to clearly understand the relationship between the molecular structures and radioluminescence, but also provides a guidance to rationally design new organic scintillators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaomin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wenqi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Wenbo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Jingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Zixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shuli Qu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Zhu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Guohui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Anqi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huifang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Yang Michael Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Y, Zhu C, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Yuan Y, Wang S. Oxidation triggered formation of polydopamine-modified carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel for anti-recurrence of tumor. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 207:112025. [PMID: 34403982 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a hydrogel that combined the tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) ability was designed, using dopamine-modified sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-DA) as the matrix and Chlorin e6 (Ce6) as the photosensitizer. The gel formation was initiated by adding the oxidizing agent sodium periodate (NaIO4) to the CMC-DA solution, during which the dopamine was simultaneously oxidized to polydopamine (PDA) and NaIO4 was reduced to sodium iodide (NaI). The formed NaI was encapsulated in the hydrogel and endowed the hydrogel with computerized tomography (CT) imaging ability to monitor the hydrogel degradation and the tumor therapy process. Moreover, the photosensitizer Ce6 can be loaded by the gel system via directly soaking the hydrogel in the Ce6 solution. Under the near-infrared light irradiation, Ce6 can produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species and the PDA can produce heat to trigger the tumor PDT and PTT respectively to eradicate the tumor recurrence. In general, the designed hydrogel is biocompatible and biodegradable, has a good photothermal conversion, drug loading and CT imaging ability, which laid the foundation for the rational design of biodegradable hydrogels for multifunctional applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Chunping Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; Department of Gastroenterology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, PR China
| | - Zhirui Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Jiulong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Yongkang Yuan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Shige Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ansari I, Singh P, Mittal A, Mahato RI, Chitkara D. 2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid based cyclic carbonate monomers and their (co)polymers as advanced materials for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120953. [PMID: 34218051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Designing grafted biodegradable polymers with tailored multi-functional properties is one of the most researched fields with extensive biomedical applications. Among many biodegradable polymers, polycarbonates have gained much attention due to their ease of synthesis, high drug loading, and excellent biocompatibility profiles. Among various monomers, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid (bis-MPA) derived cyclic carbonate monomers have been extensively explored in terms of their synthesis as well as their polymerization. Since the late 90s, significant advancements have been made in the design of bis-MPA derived cyclic carbonate monomers as well as in their reaction schemes. Currently, bis-MPA derived polycarbonates have taken a form of an entire platform with a multitude of applications, the latest being in the field of nanotechnology, targeted drug, and nucleic acid delivery. The present review outlines an up to date developments that have taken place in the last two decades in the design, synthesis, and biomedical applications of bis-MPA derived cyclic carbonates and their (co)polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Vidya Vihar Campus, Pilani, 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prabhjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Vidya Vihar Campus, Pilani, 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Vidya Vihar Campus, Pilani, 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Vidya Vihar Campus, Pilani, 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu Y, Gu J, Zhang S, Gu Y, Ma J, Wang Y, Zhang LW, Wang Y. Iodinated BSA Nanoparticles for Macrophage-Mediated CT Imaging and Repair of Gastritis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6414-6420. [PMID: 33843203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of a specific and noninvasive technology for understanding gastritic response together with efficient therapy is an urgent clinical issue. Herein, we fabricated a novel iodinated bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticle based on gastritic microenvironment for computed tomography (CT) imaging and repair of acute gastritis. Derived from the characteristic mucosa defect and inflammatory cell (e.g., macrophage and neutrophil) infiltration in acute gastritis, the pH-sensitive nanoparticles can sedimentate under acidic conditions and be uniformly distributed in the defected mucosal via the phagocytosis of inflammatory cells. Hence, enhanced CT images can clearly reveal the mucosal morphology in the nanoparticle-treated gastritic rat over a long time window comparison with nanoparticle-treated healthy rats and clinical small-molecule-treated gastritic rat. In addition, we have discovered that nanoparticles can repair the atrophic gastric mucosa to a normal state. This repair process mainly stems from inflammatory immune response caused by phagocytized nanoparticles, such as the polarization of proinflammatory macrophages (M1) to anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). The biocompatible nanoparticles that avoid the inherent defects of the clinical small molecules have great potential for accurate diagnosis and treatment of gastritis in the early stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun Gu
- The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215228, China
| | - Shaodian Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yangyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu C, Bao H, Chen Z, Li X, Liu X, Wang W, Huang J, Zhang Z. Enhanced and long-term CT imaging tracking of transplanted stem cells labeled with temperature-responsive gold nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2854-2865. [PMID: 33711088 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02997a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively employed for computed tomography (CT) imaging in cell labeling and tracking because of their strong X-ray attenuation coefficient and excellent biocompatibility. However, the design and synthesis of stimuli-responsive AuNPs to modulate their endocytosis and exocytosis for optimal cell labeling and tracking are promising but challenging. Herein, we report an innovative labeling strategy based on temperature-responsive AuNPs (TRAuNPs) with high cell labeling efficiency and extended intracellular retention duration. We have manifested that the TRAuNP labeling imposes a negligible adverse effect on the function of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Further experiment with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) model mice has demonstrated the feasibility of TRAuNP labeling for long time CT imaging tracking of transplanted hMSCs. What's more, the survival of transplanted hMSCs could also be monitored simultaneously using bioluminescence imaging after the expression of luciferase reporter genes. Therefore, we believe that this dual-modal labeling and tracking strategy enables visualization of the transplanted hMSCs in vivo, which may provide an important insight into the role of stem cells in the IPF therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Yu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Microfluidic-assisted synthesis of multifunctional iodinated contrast agent polymeric nanoplatforms. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120447. [PMID: 33676989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Contrast Induced Nephropathy is the most severe side-effect arising after non-ionic iodinated contrast agents (CAs) intravenous administration. The use of antioxidants (i.e., N-Acetylcysteine; NAC) is one of the attempted prevention approaches. Herein, we describe the microfluidic-assisted synthesis of iodinated polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) as new multifunctional blood pool CA. The aim of this research is to co-encapsulate Iohexol (IOX; iodinated CA) and NAC (preventive agent) into poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) and PEGylated-PLGA (PLGA-PEG) NPs to exploit CA diagnostic proprieties and NAC preventing antioxidant activity. A microfluidic-assisted nanoprecipitation protocol has been set-up for PLGA and PLGA-PEG NPs, evaluating the effect of formulation and microfluidic parameters by analysing the size, PDI and IOX and NAC encapsulation efficiency. The optimized NPs (PLGA-PEG, L:G 50:50, 5% PEG, Mw 90 kDa) formulated with a size of 67 ± 2.8 nm with PDI < 0.2, spherical shape, and an IOX and NAC encapsulation efficiency of 38% and 20%, respectively. The IOX and NAC encapsulation was confirmed by FTIR and DSC. In vitro release study showed an IOX retention into the polymeric matrix and NAC sustained release up to 24-48 h stating microfluidics as powerful tool for the formulation of multifunctional nanoplatforms. Finally, the protective effect of NPs and NAC were preliminary assessed on human kidney cells.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lv M, Jan Cornel E, Fan Z, Du J. Advances and Perspectives of Peptide and Polypeptide‐Based Materials for Biomedical Imaging. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Lv
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Erik Jan Cornel
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
- Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 China
- Institute for Advanced Study Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China
- Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200072 China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yu W, Maynard E, Chiaradia V, Arno MC, Dove AP. Aliphatic Polycarbonates from Cyclic Carbonate Monomers and Their Application as Biomaterials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10865-10907. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT U.K
| | - Edward Maynard
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT U.K
| | - Viviane Chiaradia
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT U.K
| | - Maria C. Arno
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT U.K
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT U.K
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT U.K
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tan EWP, Hedrick JL, Arrechea PL, Erdmann T, Kiyek V, Lottier S, Yang YY, Park NH. Overcoming Barriers in Polycarbonate Synthesis: A Streamlined Approach for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonate Monomers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eddy W. P. Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - James L. Hedrick
- IBM Research-Almaden, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Pedro L. Arrechea
- IBM Research-Almaden, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Tim Erdmann
- IBM Research-Almaden, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Vivien Kiyek
- IBM Research-Almaden, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Simon Lottier
- IBM Research-Almaden, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Nathaniel H. Park
- IBM Research-Almaden, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nicolson F, Kircher MF. Theranostics: Agents for Diagnosis and Therapy. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
31
|
Jeong Y, Shin H, Na K. Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of an Iodine-Doped Computed Tomography Contrast Agent Using Insoluble Triiodobenzene. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6961-6970. [PMID: 33320597 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbonized iodine-doped particles (CIPs) were developed to overcome the disadvantages of computed tomography (CT) contrast agents, such as high osmolality and the radiodensity dilution of monomolecular contrast agents and low solubility and high toxicity of polymeric contrast agents. The CIPs were synthesized via a hydrothermal synthesis for 8 h using ATIPA (5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid), glycerol, and tromethamine in the presence of D.W. (deionized water)-insoluble ATIPA converted into CIPs through a hydrothermal synthesis, showing high solubility and low osmotic pressure. The in vitro contrast effect determined for the resulting CIPs demonstrated a 57.6% enhancement compared to iohexol, and the osmotic pressure of the resulting CIPs was lower than that of iohexol. In addition, the CIPs demonstrated no dilution-induced contrast decrease in plasma and, therefore, demonstrated high contrast strength in vivo. Cytotoxicity tests, hemolysis assays, and histological analyses were conducted to verify the biocompatibility of the CIP product; however, no toxicity was observed. Furthermore, the CIP demonstrated a much higher contrast effect than iohexol at low concentrations. These results indicate that the CIP we have produced may be used as an effective blood pool agent for CT imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Jeong
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejun Shin
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi do 14662, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu D, Sun H, Xiao Y, Chen S, Cornel EJ, Zhu Y, Du J. Design principles, synthesis and biomedical applications of polymer vesicles with inhomogeneous membranes. J Control Release 2020; 326:365-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
33
|
Wang Y, Ding P, Xu H, Li Q, Guo J, Liao X, Shi B. Advanced X-ray Shielding Materials Enabled by the Coordination of Well-Dispersed High Atomic Number Elements in Natural Leather. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:19916-19926. [PMID: 32237713 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, X-rays are playing increasingly important roles in daily life and industrial manufacture, which calls for effective and mobile shielding materials. However, it seems to be a paradox to prepare shielding materials simultaneously achieving excellent X-ray attenuation properties and superior mechanical strength. Here, an advanced leather-based X-ray shielding material containing bismuth and iodine (BiINP-LM) is prepared, and the stable and well-dispersed loading of high-Z element components is enabled by favorable interactions between bismuth iodide and leather, i.e., coordination, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic attractions. A piece of BiINP-LM with 1.00 mm thickness displays an excellent X-ray attenuation efficiency of more than 90% in the photon energy range below 50 keV and 65% at 83 keV, which averagely exceeds ∼3% than that of the 0.25 mm lead plate and ∼5% than that of the 0.65 mm commercial lead apron. Additionally, the coordination between bismuth and leather provides an enhanced tensile and tear strength of ∼10-fold and 3-fold compared with the lead apron. It is worth mentioning that BiINP-LM also displays extra high water-vapor permeability, which is ∼50-fold more than the lead apron. Overall, this work opens up a new prospect for preparing advanced X-ray shielding materials with both excellent X-ray attenuation and outstanding physiomechanical performances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Ding
- College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, P.R. China
| | - Heng Xu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Junling Guo
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xuepin Liao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Bi Shi
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen H, Cheng H, Dai Q, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Li D, Sun Y, Mao J, Ren K, Chu C, Liu G. A superstable homogeneous lipiodol-ICG formulation for locoregional hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. J Control Release 2020; 323:635-643. [PMID: 32302761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification of surgical margins for malignancy remains a challenge in the surgical therapy of cancer, and this encountered interoperative difficulties which directly contribute to the prognosis of patients. In recent years, indocyanine green (ICG) has been approved and applied in clinical settings for lesions detection, especially for the precise surgical resection. However, rapid clearance and poor stability greatly limit its clinical practicality. Herein, a super-stable homogeneous iodinated formulation technology (SHIFT) is designed to realize sufficient dispersion of ICG into lipiodol (SHIFTs) for transcatheter embolization (TAE) synergistic fluorescence-guided resection. Particularly, SHIFTs is prepared in a green physical mixture via a carrier-free manner, which possesses controlled morphology, long-term stability, and improved optical characteristics of ICG (fluorescence/photoacoustic/photothermal activities). Furthermore, the viscosity of the synthetic solvent is comparable to lipiodol, and further assessment demonstrated the same efficacy in computed tomography. The performance of SHIFTs in the fluorescence navigation was further evaluated in vivo by TAE therapy to the rabbit VX2 tumor model for a two-week monitor. The integration of near-infrared fluorescence surgery navigation and TAE could effectively guarantee the precise resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. This SHIFT system provides good potentials for ameliorating the dilemma of precise fluorescent navigation for surgical resection after arterial embolization in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qixuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dengfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingsong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Radiology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chengchao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Amoy Hopeful Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361027, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
In-chain functionalization through the combination of ring opening copolymerization and oxime “Click” reaction towards X-ray opaque polylactide copolymers. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
36
|
Dai J, Xu M, Wang Q, Yang J, Zhang J, Cui P, Wang W, Lou X, Xia F, Wang S. Cooperation therapy between anti-growth by photodynamic-AIEgens and anti-metastasis by small molecule inhibitors in ovarian cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2385-2398. [PMID: 32104509 PMCID: PMC7019153 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the main causes of death and treatment failure in ovarian cancer. Some small molecule inhibitors can effectively inhibit the metastasis of primary tumors. However, they do not kill the primary tumor cells, which may lead to continuous proliferation. Herein, we have prepared a multifunctional nanoparticles named TPD@TB/KBU2046, which consisted of three functional moieties: (1) KBU2046 (small molecule inhibitor) that can inhibit the metastasis of the primary tumors, (2) TB (photodynamic-AIEgens) that may suppress the growth of the primary tumors, and (3) TPD, which contains TMTP1 (a targeting peptide, which specifically binds to highly metastatic tumor cells) that can enhance the TB/KBU2046 dosage in the tumor site. Methods: The TPD@TB/KBU2046 was prepared by nano-precipitation method. We linked the targeting peptide (TMTP1) to the nanoparticles via amidation reaction. TPD@TB/KBU2046 nanoparticles were characterized for encapsulation efficiency, particle size, absorption spectra, emission spectra and ROS production. The combinational efficacy in image-guided anti-metastasis and photodynamic therapy of TPD@TB/KBU2046 was explored both in vitro and in vivo. Results: The TPD@TB/KBU2046 showed an average hydrodynamic size of approximately 50 nm with good stability. In vitro, TPD@TB/KBU2046 not only inhibited the metastasis of the tumors, but also suppressed the growth of the tumors under AIEgens-mediated photodynamic therapy. In vivo, we confirmed that TPD@TB/KBU2046 has the therapeutic effects of anti-tumor growth and anti-metastasis through subcutaneous and orthotopic ovarian tumor models. Conclusion: Our findings provided an effective strategy to compensate for the congenital defects of some small molecule inhibitors and thus enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Balegamire J, Vandamme M, Chereul E, Si-Mohamed S, Azzouz Maache S, Almouazen E, Ettouati L, Fessi H, Boussel L, Douek P, Chevalier Y. Iodinated polymer nanoparticles as contrast agent for spectral photon counting computed tomography. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5715-5728. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01046d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Suspensions of iodinated polymer nanoparticles are evaluated as contrast agent for Computed Tomography (CT) and Spectral Photon Counting Computed Tomography (SPCCT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Salim Si-Mohamed
- University Lyon 1
- CREATIS
- CNRS UMR 5220
- INSERM U630
- 69621 Villeurbanne
| | - Samira Azzouz Maache
- University of Lyon 1
- ISPB
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Mycology
- 69008 Lyon
- France
| | - Eyad Almouazen
- University of Lyon 1
- LAGEPP
- CNRS UMR 5007
- 69622 Villeurbanne
- France
| | | | - Hatem Fessi
- University of Lyon 1
- LAGEPP
- CNRS UMR 5007
- 69622 Villeurbanne
- France
| | - Loïc Boussel
- University Lyon 1
- CREATIS
- CNRS UMR 5220
- INSERM U630
- 69621 Villeurbanne
| | - Philippe Douek
- University Lyon 1
- CREATIS
- CNRS UMR 5220
- INSERM U630
- 69621 Villeurbanne
| | - Yves Chevalier
- University of Lyon 1
- LAGEPP
- CNRS UMR 5007
- 69622 Villeurbanne
- France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Meerovich I, Nichols MG, Dash AK. Low-intensity light-induced drug release from a dual delivery system comprising of a drug loaded liposome and a photosensitive conjugate. J Drug Target 2019; 28:655-667. [PMID: 31886709 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1710838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the development of a binary drug delivery system consisting of charged liposomes and an oppositely charged peptide-photosensitiser conjugate. Liposomes were prepared with phosphatidyl-l-serine as a negatively charged lipid. Calcein, a fluorophore marker, and doxorubicin, an anticancer drug, were used as model hydrophilic loads. The conjugate consisted of a positively charged arginine-rich peptide synthesised by solid-phase peptide synthesis, and a phthalocyanine derivative with characteristic absorption around 685 nm. Illumination of the binary system with far-red light of 12-15 mW/cm2 intensity resulted in 5- to 15-fold increase in release of payloads from the liposomes. The mechanism of drug release was based on photosensitised oxidation of lipids destabilising the liposomal membrane. The cytotoxicity of the liposomes loaded with doxorubicin was tested on B16-F10 melanoma and Y79 retinoblastoma cells. The cytotoxicity of the illuminated binary system in melanoma cell line was significantly higher as compared to the system without illumination. The components of the binary system can be individually prepared and stored with greater storage stability. However, their combination will allow for substantial release of hydrophilic payload from the liposomes under externally applied light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Meerovich
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Alekha K Dash
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Meerovich I, Smith DD, Dash AK. Direct solid-phase peptide synthesis on chitosan microparticles for targeting tumor cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
41
|
Gu X, Zhu Z, Fan Q, Wei Y, Wang G, Meng F, Zhong Z, Deng C. Nanoagents Based on Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-Poly(l-thyroxine) Block Copolypeptide for Enhanced Dual-Modality Imaging and Targeted Tumor Radiotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902577. [PMID: 31539202 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Future healthcare requires development of novel theranostic agents that are capable of not only enhancing diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic responses but also augmenting therapeutic outcomes. Here, a versatile and stable nanoagent is reported based on poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-thyroxine) (PEG-PThy) block copolypeptide for enhanced single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) dual-modality imaging and targeted tumor radiotherapy in vivo. PEG-PThy acquired by polymerization of l-thyroxine-N-carboxyanhydride (Thy-NCA) displays a controlled Mn , high iodine content of ≈49.2 wt%, and can spontaneously form 65 nm-sized nanoparticles (PThyN). In contrast to clinically used contrast agents like iohexol and iodixanol, PThyN reveals iso-osmolality, low viscosity, and long circulation time. While PThyN exhibits comparable in vitro CT attenuation efficacy to iohexol, it greatly enhances in vivo CT imaging of vascular systems and soft tissues. PThyN allows for surface decoration with the cRGD peptide achieving enhanced CT imaging of subcutaneous B16F10 melanoma and orthotopic A549 lung tumor. Taking advantages of a facile iodine exchange reaction, 125 I-labeled PThyN enables SPECT/CT imaging of tumors and monitoring of PThyN biodistribution in vivo. Besides, 131 I-labeled and cRGD-functionalized PThyN displays remarkable growth inhibition of the B16F10 tumor in mice (tumor inhibition rate > 89%). These poly(l-thyroxine) nanoparticles provide a unique and versatile theranostic platform for varying diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Gu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhehong Zhu
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qianyi Fan
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yaohua Wei
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guanglin Wang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bao H, Xia Y, Yu C, Ning X, Liu X, Fu H, Chen Z, Huang J, Zhang Z. CT/Bioluminescence Dual-Modal Imaging Tracking of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Pulmonary Fibrosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904314. [PMID: 31565866 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), due to their immune regulation and collateral secretion effects, are currently explored for potential therapy of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Understanding the migration, homing, functions, and survival of transplanted hMSCs in vivo is critical to successful IPF treatment. Therefore, it is highly desired to develop noninvasive and effective imaging technologies to track the transplanted hMSCs, providing experimental basis for improving the efficacy of hMSCs in the treatment of IPF. The rational design and development of a dual-labeling strategy are reported by integrating gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based computed tomography (CT) nanotracers and red-emitting firefly luciferase (RfLuc)-based bioluminescence (BL) tags for CT/BL multimodal imaging tracking of the transplanted hMSCs in a murine model of IPF. In this approach, the CT nanotracer is prepared by sequential coupling of AuNPs with polyethylene glycol and trans-activator of transcription (TAT) peptide (Au@TAT), and employed it to monitor the location and distribution of the transplanted hMSCs in vivo by CT imaging, while RfLuc is used to monitor hMSCs viability by BLI. This facile strategy allows for visualization of the transplanted hMSCs in vivo, thereby enabling profound understanding of the role of hMSCs in the IPF treatment, and advancing stem cell-based regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuyang Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chenggong Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xinyu Ning
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Han Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhongjin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jie Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zou Y, Wei Y, Sun Y, Bao J, Yao F, Li Z, Meng F, Hu C, Storm G, Zhong Z. Cyclic RGD-Functionalized and Disulfide-Crosslinked Iodine-Rich Polymersomes as a Robust and Smart Theranostic Agent for Targeted CT Imaging and Chemotherapy of Tumor. Theranostics 2019; 9:8061-8072. [PMID: 31754381 PMCID: PMC6857068 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is tremendous interest in integrating CT imaging with chemotherapy; however, reported iodine-based nanosystems such as nanogels and nano-emulsions display typically reduced contrast coefficient, low drug loading and stability, and poor targetability. Here, cRGD-functionalized disulfide-crosslinked iodine-rich polymersomes (cRGD-XIPs) were designed as a novel, robust and smart theranostic agent and investigated for targeted CT imaging and chemotherapy of malignant tumors. Methods: cRGD-XIPs were prepared from co-self-assembly of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(dithiolane trimethylene carbonate-co-iodinated trimethylene carbonate) (PEG-P(DTC-IC)) and cRGD-PEG-P(DTC-IC) block copolymers. In vitro and in vivo CT contrast effect of cRGD-XIPs was studied using αvβ3-overexpressing B16 melanoma as a tumor model in comparison with clinical agent iohexol. The therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin-loaded cRGD-XIPs (cRGD-XIPs-Dox) to B16 melanoma was investigated and compared with XIPs-Dox (non-targeted), cRGD-IPs-Dox (non-crosslinked) and free Dox. Results: cRGD-XIPs were formed with 55.5 wt.% iodine and ca. 90 nm in diameter. cRGD-XIPs-Dox with a Dox loading of 15.3 wt.% bared superior colloidal stability and reduction-responsive drug release. Notably, blank cRGD-XIPs showed a maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) > 400 mg iodine equiv./kg while cRGD-XIPs-Dox had an MTD > 150 mg Dox equiv./kg, ca. 15-fold improvement over free Dox. cRGD-XIPs revealed superior CT contrast effect and achieved 46.5- and 24.0-fold better enhancement of CT imaging of B16 melanoma than iohexol at 4 h following intratumoral and intravenous injection, respectively. cRGD-XIPs-Dox displayed an elimination half-life of 6.5 h and an elevated accumulation of 6.68% ID/g in the tumors. Furthermore, cRGD-XIPs-Dox was significantly more effective than XIPs-Dox and cRGD-XPs-Dox in inhibiting growth of B16 melanoma model. Conclusion: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that cRGD-XIPs are a robust, non-toxic and smart polymeric theranostic agent that can not only significantly enhance CT imaging of tumors but also mediate efficient tumor-targeted chemotherapy. XIPs offer a unique and safe platform for theranostic polymersomes that pre-select patients using CT imaging prior to targeted chemotherapy with the same system.
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang Z, Kuang G, Yu Z, Li A, Zhou D, Huang Y. Light-activatable dual prodrug polymer nanoparticle for precise synergistic chemotherapy guided by drug-mediated computed tomography imaging. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:459-468. [PMID: 31128323 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic efficacy and clinical application of light-responsive polymeric co-delivery systems are severely restricted by uncontrollable/imprecise drug loading, release, and adverse effects caused by the introduction of additional light-responsive molecules or contrast agents when diagnostic imaging is applied to guide therapy. Here, we report the design of a light-activatable dual prodrug polymer nanoparticle (DPP NP) for precise synergistic chemotherapy guided by drug-mediated computed tomography (DMCT) imaging without the introduction of any additional diagnostic imaging agent. DPP NP enables visible light-triggered prodrug polymer backbone cleavage and bioactive Pt(II) release in cancer cell/tumor site; the light-cleaved polymer fragments are further hydrolyzed to produce demethyl cantharidin (DMC). Notably, the drug loading ratio of Pt(IV) and DMC in DPP NP was fixed at an optimal value to achieve maximum synergistic cancer cell killing, which was kept even after cellular uptake, thereby resulting in enhanced synergistic antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Because of the high content of the heavy metal Pt in the polymer chain, the spatial/temporal dynamic biodistribution as well as metabolism of DPP NP in vivo can be monitored by Pt DMCT imaging to guide the light irradiation parameters for optimized light-activatable synergistic chemotherapy. Guided by Pt DMCT imaging, DPP NP was able to achieve an improved light-activatable antitumor efficacy, with 75% tumors fully cured and low toxicity. The light-activatable DDP NP system exhibits tremendous potential as precise theranostic nanomedicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The synergistic efficacy and clinical application of light-responsive polymeric co-delivery systems are severely restricted by uncontrollable/imprecise drug loading, delivery, and release, as well as adverse effects caused by the introduction of additional light-responsive molecules or contrast agents when diagnostic imaging is applied to guide therapy. Herein, we report the design of a light-activatable dual prodrug polymer nanoparticle (DPP NP) for precise synergistic chemotherapy guided by drug-mediated computed tomography imaging without the introduction of any additional diagnostic imaging agents. Notably, the drug loading ratio of Pt(II) and DMC in DPP NP was fixed at an optimal value to achieve maximum synergistic cancer cell killing, which was kept even after cellular uptake, thereby resulting in enhanced synergistic antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. The light-activatable DDP NP system exhibits tremendous potential as precise theranostic nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zigui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Gaizhen Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Aimin Li
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, PR China.
| | - Dongfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | - Yubin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wu M, Li Z, Yao J, Shao Z, Chen X. Pea Protein/Gold Nanocluster/Indocyanine Green Ternary Hybrid for Near-Infrared Fluorescence/Computed Tomography Dual-Modal Imaging and Synergistic Photodynamic/Photothermal Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4799-4807. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cao J, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Wang G, Ji X, Zhong Z. Iodine-Rich Polymersomes Enable Versatile SPECT/CT Imaging and Potent Radioisotope Therapy for Tumor in Vivo. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18953-18959. [PMID: 31062589 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging tumor treatment demands high sensitivity and high-spatial resolution diagnosis in combination with targeted therapy. Here, we report that iodine-rich polymersomes (I-PS) enable versatile single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) dual-modal imaging and potent radioisotope therapy for breast cancer in vivo. Interestingly, I-PS could be easily and stably labeled with radioiodine, 125I and 131I. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy showed that 125I-PS had a size of 106 nm and vesicular morphology, similar to those of the parent I-PS. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assays displayed that I-PS and 125I-PS were noncytotoxic, whereas 131I-PS caused significant death of 4T1 cells at 5 mg PS/mL with a radioactivity of 12 μCi. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies showed that 125I-PS has a prolonged circulation and distributes mainly in tumor and the reticuloendothelial system. The intravenous injection of 125I-PS to 4T1 murine breast tumor-bearing mice allowed simultaneous high sensitivity and high-spatial resolution imaging of tumor by SPECT and CT, respectively. The therapeutic studies revealed that 131I-PS could effectively retard the growth of 4T1 breast tumor and significantly prolong mice survival time. The hematoxylin and eosin staining assay proved that 131I-PS induced tumor cell death. I-PS emerges as a robust and versatile platform for dual-modal imaging and targeted radioisotope therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiang Ji
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Safety Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031 , P. R. China
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fan W, Tang W, Lau J, Shen Z, Xie J, Shi J, Chen X. Breaking the Depth Dependence by Nanotechnology-Enhanced X-Ray-Excited Deep Cancer Theranostics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806381. [PMID: 30698854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The advancements in nanotechnology have created multifunctional nanomaterials aimed at enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy for cancer. However, the ability to target deep-seated tumors remains one of the most critical challenges for certain nanomedicine applications. To this end, X-ray-excited theranostic techniques provide a means of overcoming the limits of light penetration and tissue attenuation. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in nanotechnology-enhanced X-ray-excited imaging and therapeutic methodologies is presented, with an emphasis on the design of multifunctional nanomaterials for contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging, X-ray-excited optical luminescence (XEOL) imaging, and X-ray-excited multimodal synchronous/synergistic therapy. The latter is based on the concurrent use of radiotherapy with chemotherapy, gas therapy, photodynamic therapy, or immunotherapy. Moreover, the featured biomedical applications of X-ray-excited deep theranostics are discussed to highlight the advantages of X-ray in high-sensitivity detection and efficient elimination of malignant tumors. Finally, key issues and technical challenges associated with this deep theranostic technology are identified, with the intention of advancing its translation into the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joseph Lau
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zheyu Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Koç MM, Aslan N, Kao AP, Barber AH. Evaluation of X-ray tomography contrast agents: A review of production, protocols, and biological applications. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:812-848. [PMID: 30786098 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
X-ray computed tomography is a strong tool that finds many applications both in medical applications and in the investigation of biological and nonbiological samples. In the clinics, X-ray tomography is widely used for diagnostic purposes whose three-dimensional imaging in high resolution helps physicians to obtain detailed image of investigated regions. Researchers in biological sciences and engineering use X-ray tomography because it is a nondestructive method to assess the structure of their samples. In both medical and biological applications, visualization of soft tissues and structures requires special treatment, in which special contrast agents are used. In this detailed report, molecule-based and nanoparticle-based contrast agents used in biological applications to enhance the image quality were compiled and reported. Special contrast agent applications and protocols to enhance the contrast for the biological applications and works to develop nanoparticle contrast agents to enhance the contrast for targeted drug delivery and general imaging applications were also assessed and listed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mümin Mehmet Koç
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.,Department of Physics, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey
| | - Naim Aslan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Alexander P Kao
- School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Asa H Barber
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yan B, Hou J, Wei C, Xiao Y, Lang M, Huang F. Synthesis of main chain sulfur-containing aliphatic polycarbonates by organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of macrocyclic carbonates. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01205b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first application of organocatalysts is reported to achieve highly active and living ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of thioether-based macrocyclic carbonates for preparing well-defined main chain thioether functional APCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingkun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jiaqian Hou
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Chao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Meidong Lang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Farong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chen X, Song J, Chen X, Yang H. X-ray-activated nanosystems for theranostic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3073-3101. [PMID: 31106315 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00921j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
X-rays are widely applied in clinical medical facilities for radiotherapy (RT) and biomedical imaging. However, the sole use of X-rays for cancer treatment leads to insufficient radiation energy deposition due to the low X-ray attenuation coefficients of living tissues and organs, producing unavoidable excessive radiation doses with serious side effects to healthy body parts. Over the past decade, developments in materials science and nanotechnology have led to rapid progress in the field of X-ray-activated tumor-targeting nanosystems, which are able to tackle even systemic tumors and relieve the burden of exposure to large radiation doses. Additionally, novel imaging contrast agents and techniques have also been developed. In comparison with conventional external light sources (e.g., near infrared), the X-ray technique is ideal for the activation of nanosystems for cancer treatment and biomedical imaging applications due to its nearly unlimited penetration depth in living tissues and organisms. In this review, we systematically describe the interaction mechanisms between X-rays and nanosystems, and provide an overview of X-ray-sensitive materials and the recent progress on X-ray-activated nanosystems for cancer-associated theranostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|