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Yin D, Gao Z, Xu C, Lyu P, Sun L. Modulating luminescence through anion variation in lead-free Cs 2NaInX 6 (X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskites: a first-principles study. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10340-10349. [PMID: 38738992 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The A2B+B'3+X6-type lead-free halide perovskite Cs2NaInCl6 has demonstrated limited luminescence performance attributed to parity-forbidden transitions in its intrinsic form. While extensive exploration has been dedicated to partial cation substitution in Cs2NaInCl6, there is a noticeable gap in understanding the impact of anion composition on this material. In this study, we investigated the influence of anion composition on the luminescence performance of Cs2NaInX6 using first-principles calculations. We first conducted calculations on Cs2NaInX6 in its intrinsic state and on Cs2NaInCl6 with cation substitution to establish the reliability of the transition dipole moment (TDM) as a luminescence descriptor in this system. Following this, we systematically assessed the formation energies, octahedral distortions, and luminescence properties of Cs2NaInX6 with diverse anion compositions. Despite sharing similar stability, closely aligned with the experimentally accessible Cs2NaInCl6, all mixed halide structures exhibited significant octahedral distortions. Additionally, most of these structures displayed considerably enhanced TDM compared to their single halide counterparts. Notably, the structures Cs2NaInX4X'2-b and Cs2NaInX3X'3-b demonstrated superior luminescence performance compared to other structures. The absorption spectra calculated for selected structures revealed the enhancement of their photo-absorbance in the presence of iodine, particularly in the low energy region. This observation provides additional evidence that light absorbance in different energy regions can be effectively regulated in this way. Finally, we also investigated other optical properties that impact luminescence performances, such as the energy loss spectrum L(ω), the reflectivity spectrum R(ω) and the refractivity index n(ω). The findings offer insights into optimizing the luminescence performance of lead-free halide perovskites through anion composition variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenren Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Application Technologies, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Changfu Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengbo Lyu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lizhong Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Thin Film Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Song F, Zheng D, Feng J, Liu J, Ye T, Li Z, Wang K, Liu SF, Yang D. Mechanical Durability and Flexibility in Perovskite Photovoltaics: Advancements and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312041. [PMID: 38219020 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable progress in perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology has witnessed a remarkable leap in efficiency within the past decade. As this technology continues to mature, flexible PSCs (F-PSCs) are emerging as pivotal components for a wide array of applications, spanning from powering portable electronics and wearable devices to integrating seamlessly into electronic textiles and large-scale industrial roofing. F-PSCs characterized by their lightweight, mechanical flexibility, and adaptability for cost-effective roll-to-roll manufacturing, hold immense commercial potential. However, the persistent concerns regarding the overall stability and mechanical robustness of these devices loom large. This comprehensive review delves into recent strides made in enhancing the mechanical stability of F-PSCs. It covers a spectrum of crucial aspects, encompassing perovskite material optimization, precise crystal grain regulation, film quality enhancement, strategic interface engineering, innovational developed flexible transparent electrodes, judicious substrate selection, and the integration of various functional layers. By collating and analyzing these dedicated research endeavors, this review illuminates the current landscape of progress in addressing the challenges surrounding mechanical stability. Furthermore, it provides valuable insights into the persistent obstacles and bottlenecks that demand attention and innovative solutions in the field of F-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dexu Zheng
- China National Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jiangshan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jishuang Liu
- China National Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- China National Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Huanjiang Laboratory, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Zhuji, 311800, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Xia M, Sun X, Ye F, Liao M, Liu J, Liu S, Wu D, Xu Y, Zhang X, Xue KH, Miao X, Tang J, Niu G. Stereo-Hindrance Engineering of A Cation toward <110>-Oriented 2D Perovskite with Minimized Tilting and High-Performance X-Ray Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313663. [PMID: 38415854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
2D <100>-oriented Dion-Jacobson or Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites are widely recognized as promising candidates for optoelectronic applications. However, the large interlayer spacing significantly hinders the carrier transport. <110>-oriented 2D perovskites naturally exhibit reduced interlayer spacings, but the tilting of metal halide octahedra is typically serious and leads to poor charge transport. Herein, a <110>-oriented 2D perovskite EPZPbBr4 (EPZ = 1-ethylpiperazine) with minimized tilting is designed through A-site stereo-hindrance engineering. The piperazine functional group enters the space enclosed by the three [PbBr6 ]4- octahedra, pushing Pb─Br─Pb closer to a straight line (maximum Pb─Br─Pb angle ≈180°), suppressing the tilting as well as electron-phonon coupling. Meanwhile, the ethyl group is located between layers and contributes an extremely reduced effective interlayer distance (2.22 Å), further facilitating the carrier transport. As a result, EPZPbBr4 simultaneously demonstrates high µτ product (1.8 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 ) and large resistivity (2.17 × 1010 Ω cm). The assembled X-ray detector achieves low dark current of 1.02 × 10-10 A cm-2 and high sensitivity of 1240 µC Gy-1 cm-2 under the same bias voltage. The realized specific detectivity (ratio of sensitivity to noise current density, 1.23 × 108 µC Gy-1 cm-1 A-1/2 ) is the highest among all reported perovskite X-ray detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xijuan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fan Ye
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingquan Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shiyou Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Dong Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yinsheng Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Laboratoire des Verres et Céramiques, UMR-CNRS 6226, Sciences chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Kan-Hao Xue
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiangshui Miao
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guangda Niu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
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Li Z, Jia C, Wan Z, Xue J, Cao J, Zhang M, Li C, Shen J, Zhang C, Li Z. Hyperbranched polymer functionalized flexible perovskite solar cells with mechanical robustness and reduced lead leakage. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6451. [PMID: 37833324 PMCID: PMC10576085 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are multilayer structures. The interface between electron transport layer and perovskite is the mechanical weakest point in flexible PSCs due to its low fracture energy. Herein, we develop a highly adhesive polyamide-amine-based hyperbranched polymers to reinforce the interface. The interface fracture energy is improved from 1.08 to 2.13 J·m-2 by the hyperbranched polymers with adhesive groups and dynamic hydrogen bond networks. The polymer functionalized perovskite solar cells achieve superior power conversion efficiencies of 25.05% and 23.86% for rigid and flexible devices, respectively. Furthermore, the hyperbranched polymer contains abundant intramolecular cavities that can capture Pb2+. Pb leakage after solar cell damage is effectively suppressed. Our findings provide insights on designing adhesive interface layers towards high-efficiency, mechanical-stable and environment-friendly flexible perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Department of Aeronautical Structure Engineering, School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application, Joint International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Applications, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 519057, China
| | - Chunmei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Junchao Cao
- Department of Aeronautical Structure Engineering, School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application, Joint International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Applications, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Department of Aeronautical Structure Engineering, School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 519057, China
| | - Jianghua Shen
- Department of Aeronautical Structure Engineering, School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application, Joint International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Applications, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Aeronautical Structure Engineering, School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application, Joint International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Applications, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
- School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 519057, China.
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5
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Kim D, Vasileiadou ES, Spanopoulos I, Wang X, Yan J, Kanatzidis MG, Tu Q. Unveiling the Fatigue Behavior of 2D Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites: Insights for Long-Term Durability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303133. [PMID: 37414727 PMCID: PMC10502673 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are commonly found under subcritical cyclic stresses and suffer from fatigue issues during device operation. However, their fatigue properties remain unknown. Here, the fatigue behavior of (C4 H9 -NH3 )2 (CH3 NH3 )2 Pb3 I10 , the archetype 2D HOIP, is systematically investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is found that 2D HOIPs are much more fatigue resilient than polymers and can survive over 1 billion cycles. 2D HOIPs tend to exhibit brittle failure at high mean stress levels, but behave as ductile materials at low mean stress levels. These results suggest the presence of a plastic deformation mechanism in these ionic 2D HOIPs at low mean stress levels, which may contribute to the long fatigue lifetime, but is inhibited at higher mean stresses. The stiffness and strength of 2D HOIPs are gradually weakened under subcritical loading, potentially as a result of stress-induced defect nucleation and accumulation. The cyclic loading component can further accelerate this process. The fatigue lifetime of 2D HOIPs can be extended by reducing the mean stress, stress amplitude, or increasing the thickness. These results can provide indispensable insights into designing and engineering 2D HOIPs and other hybrid organic-inorganic materials for long-term mechanical durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77840USA
| | | | | | - Xuguang Wang
- Department of Civil & Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801‐2352USA
| | - Jinhui Yan
- Department of Civil & Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801‐2352USA
| | | | - Qing Tu
- Department of Materials Science & EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX77840USA
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6
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Li B, Jiao Y, Qin S, Wang Y, Liu H, Li R, Hao W, Li H, Xia Y, Li X, Zhao J. Photoinduced Strain in Organometal Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1343-1353. [PMID: 36727740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of fundamental understanding of mechano-electro-optical multifield coupling for organometallic halide perovskites (OHPs). In this study, the effect of light irradiation on OHPs' mechanical properties was investigated by atomic force microscopy. In the dark, an MAPbI3 film was dominated by grains with a Young's modulus of approximately 5.94 GPa, which decreased to 2.97 GPa under light illumination. The photoinduced strain distribution within the polycrystalline MAPbI3 film was not uniform, and the maximum strain generated inside individual grains was 5.8%. Furthermore, the illumination-induced strain promoted the formation of ferroelastic domains. The Young's modulus of one domain increased from 8.99 to 25.27 GPa, whereas the Young's modulus of an adjacent domain decreased from 14.9 to 1.30 GPa. According to the density-functional-theory calculations, the observed photoinduced strain-promoted variations in mechanical properties were caused by the reversible migration of MA+ cations. These findings can help establish the relationship among the mechanical-chemical-optoelectronic characteristics of OHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yinan Jiao
- Institute of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050043, China
| | - Shengjian Qin
- Institute of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050043, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Institute of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050043, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Institute of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050043, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050043, China
| | - Weizhong Hao
- Institute of Materials for Energy Conversion, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050043, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Neutron Physics and Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 919-218, Mianyang, Sichuan621999, China
| | - Yuanhua Xia
- Key Laboratory of Neutron Physics and Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 919-218, Mianyang, Sichuan621999, China
| | | | - Jinjin Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050024China
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7
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Li G, Su Z, Canil L, Hughes D, Aldamasy MH, Dagar J, Trofimov S, Wang L, Zuo W, Jerónimo-Rendon JJ, Byranvand MM, Wang C, Zhu R, Zhang Z, Yang F, Nasti G, Naydenov B, Tsoi WC, Li Z, Gao X, Wang Z, Jia Y, Unger E, Saliba M, Li M, Abate A. Highly efficient p-i-n perovskite solar cells that endure temperature variations. Science 2023; 379:399-403. [PMID: 36701445 DOI: 10.1126/science.add7331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Daily temperature variations induce phase transitions and lattice strains in halide perovskites, challenging their stability in solar cells. We stabilized the perovskite black phase and improved solar cell performance using the ordered dipolar structure of β-poly(1,1-difluoroethylene) to control perovskite film crystallization and energy alignment. We demonstrated p-i-n perovskite solar cells with a record power conversion efficiency of 24.6% over 18 square millimeters and 23.1% over 1 square centimeter, which retained 96 and 88% of the efficiency after 1000 hours of 1-sun maximum power point tracking at 25° and 75°C, respectively. Devices under rapid thermal cycling between -60° and +80°C showed no sign of fatigue, demonstrating the impact of the ordered dipolar structure on the operational stability of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhenhuang Su
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Laura Canil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Declan Hughes
- SPECIFIC, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Mahmoud H Aldamasy
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janardan Dagar
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergei Trofimov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luyao Wang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Weiwei Zuo
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - José J Jerónimo-Rendon
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mahdi Malekshahi Byranvand
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER, IEK5-Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Chenyue Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zuhong Zhang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Giuseppe Nasti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II. Naples, pzz.le Vincenzo Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Boris Naydenov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wing C Tsoi
- SPECIFIC, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Engineering and Materials Science (SEMS), Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Zhaokui Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Jia
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Eva Unger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER, IEK5-Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Meng Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany.,Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.,School of Engineering and Materials Science (SEMS), Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Antonio Abate
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II. Naples, pzz.le Vincenzo Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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8
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Galle MHJJ, Li J, Frantsuzov PA, Basché T, Scheblykin IG. Self-Healing Ability of Perovskites Observed via Photoluminescence Response on Nanoscale Local Forces and Mechanical Damage. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2204393. [PMID: 36453591 PMCID: PMC9811431 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photoluminescence (PL) of metal halide perovskites can recover after light or current-induced degradation. This self-healing ability is tested by acting mechanically on MAPbI3 polycrystalline microcrystals by an atomic force microscope tip (applying force, scratching, and cutting) while monitoring the PL. Although strain and crystal damage induce strong PL quenching, the initial balance between radiative and nonradiative processes in the microcrystals is restored within a few minutes. The stepwise quenching-recovery cycles induced by the mechanical action is interpreted as a modulation of the PL blinking behavior. This study proposes that the dynamic equilibrium between active and inactive states of the metastable nonradiative recombination centers causing blinking is perturbed by strain. Reversible stochastic transformation of several nonradiative centers per microcrystal under application/release of the local stress can lead to the observed PL quenching and recovery. Fitting the experimental PL trajectories by a phenomenological model based on viscoelasticity provides a characteristic time of strain relaxation in MAPbI3 on the order of 10-100 s. The key role of metastable defect states in nonradiative losses and in the self-healing properties of perovskites is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco H. J. J. Galle
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityDuesbergweg 10‐1455128MainzGermany
| | - Jun Li
- Chemical Physics and NanoLundLund UniversityBox 124Lund22100Sweden
| | - Pavel A. Frantsuzov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and CombustionSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of ScienceInstitutskaya 3Novosibirsk630090Russia
| | - Thomas Basché
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityDuesbergweg 10‐1455128MainzGermany
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9
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Kang Y, Wang A, Li R, Song Y, Wang X, Li H, Xu W, Zhang L, Dong Q. Thermal Shock Fabrication of Ion-Stabilized Perovskite and Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203166. [PMID: 35724329 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A highly crystalline tempered-glass-like perovskite grain structure with compressed surface lattice realized by a thermal-shocking fabrication is shown. The strained perovskite grain structure is stabilized by Cl- -reinforcing surface lattice and shows enhanced bonding energy and ionic activation temperature, which contributes to hysteresis-free operation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) at much higher temperature up to 363 K in thermal-shocking-processed MAPbClx I3- x (T-MPI). The PSCs can be fabricated by a high-speed fully air process without post-annealing based on the scalable bar-coating technique. Both high efficiency and stability are achieved in T-MPI PSC with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 22.99% and long-term operational stability with T80 lifetime exceeding 4000 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Anran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yilong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xinjiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hanming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qingfeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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10
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Sun Y, Yao Q, Xing W, Jiang H, Li Y, Chen M, Zhang X, Xiong W, Zhu W, Zheng Y. Organic Cation Diffusion-Induced Heterogeneous Viscoelasticity in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Polycrystalline Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22582-22592. [PMID: 35533358 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) polycrystalline films are the key light-absorbing layers of laminated-structure OIHP-based devices that have attracted increasing attention in photoelectronics and flexible electronics. Internal stresses induced by the mismatched responses of laminated layers to long-term and cyclic multiphysical fields generate time-dependent mechanical deformation in OIHP polycrystalline films, which makes the mechanical constitution relation of great significance. However, few studies focus on either the mechanical properties and behaviors of OIHP polycrystalline films or the underlying mechanism coupled with the grain structure and ion diffusion. Here, we uncovered the heterogeneous viscoelasticity of MAPbBr3 films strongly correlated with the grain structure. Combining experiments and modeling, we revealed that the organic cation diffusion from grain interiors to grain boundaries leads to heterogeneity in the chemical distribution and viscoelastic modulus. Our work provides the nanomechanical understanding of the OIHP polycrystalline films that are crucial for safety design and performance optimization in OIHP-based electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qianqian Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weiwei Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - He Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weiming Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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11
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Yang L, Liu J, Lin Y, Xu K, Cao X, Zhang Z, Wu J. Mechanical ductile detwinning in CH 3NH 3PbI 3 perovskite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21863-21873. [PMID: 34557881 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02109e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Twin boundaries (TBs) were identified to show conflicting positive/negative effects on the physical properties of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites, but their effects on the mechanical properties are still unclear. Herein, the tensile characteristics of a variety of TB-dominated bicrystalline CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites are explored using molecular simulations. The results show that TB-containing CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites can be classified into four types based on their tensile ductile detwinning characteristics. Type I is characterized by smooth loading flow stress-strain responses, originating from relatively uniform stress distribution induced gradual amorphization in the TB region. Types II and III are represented by a sudden drop in loading stresses but then distinct ductile flow stress-strain curves, resulting from limited and large-area amorphizations of TB-involved structures, respectively. However, Type IV is highlighted by double apparent peaks in the loading curve, followed by a ductile flow response, originating from the stress-concentration of localization-to-globalization in the TB region, as well as amorphization. This study provides critical insights into the mechanical characteristics of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites and indicates that TB engineering is a promising strategy to design mechanically robust hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite-based device systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Jiujiang Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Jinjie Liu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Jiujiang Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Yanwen Lin
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Jiujiang Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Jiujiang Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Xuezheng Cao
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Jiujiang Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Zhisen Zhang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Jiujiang Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Jianyang Wu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Jiujiang Research Institute and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China. .,NTNU Nanomechanical Lab, Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7491, Norway
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12
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Kim D, Vasileiadou ES, Spanopoulos I, Kanatzidis MG, Tu Q. In-Plane Mechanical Properties of Two-Dimensional Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Nanosheets: Structure-Property Relationships. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31642-31649. [PMID: 34189905 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In-plane strains are commonly found in two-dimensional (2D) metal halide organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs). The in-plane mechanical properties of 2D HOIPs are vital for mitigating the strain-induced stability issues of 2D HOIPs, yet their structure and mechanical property relationship largely remains unknown. Here, we employed atomic force microscope indentation to systematically investigate the in-plane Young's moduli E∥ of 2D lead halide Ruddlesden-Popper HOIPs with a general formula of (R-NH3)2PbX4, where the spacer molecules R-NH3+ are linear alkylammonium cations (CmH2m+1-NH3+, m = 4, 6, 8, or 12) and X = I, Br, or Cl. Fixing the spacer molecule to butylammonium, we discovered that the E∥ of 2D HOIPs generally follows the trend of Pb-X bond strength, different from the tendency found in the out-of-plane moduli E⊥, showing more prominent effects of the metal halide inorganic framework on E∥ than E⊥. E∥ exhibits nonmonotonic dependence on the chain length of the linear alkyl spacer molecules, which would first decrease and plateau but then increase again. This is likely due to the competition of the bond strength and structural distortion in the inorganic layer, the relative fraction of the soft organic spacers, and the interfacial mechanical coupling associated with the interdigitation of the alkyl chains. The mechanical anisotropy of 2D HOIPs, marked by E∥/E⊥, shows wide tunability based on structural composition, particularly for iodide-based 2D HOIPs. Our results provide valuable insights into the structure-property relationships regarding the mechanical anisotropy and in-plane mechanical behaviors of 2D HOIPs, which can guide the materials design and device optimization to achieve required mechanical performance in 2D HOIP-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Eugenia S Vasileiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Ioannis Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Qing Tu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
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13
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Sánchez-Palencia P, García G, Wahnón P, Palacios P. The effects of the chemical composition on the structural, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties of all-inorganic halide perovskites. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00347j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A systematic ab-initio study of all-inorganic perovskites with formula CsPb1−bSnb(I1−xBrx)3 has been performed, elucidating the connection of that composition with their structural, thermodynamics and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sánchez-Palencia
- Instituto de Energía Solar
- ETSI Telecomunicación
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Madrid
| | - Gregorio García
- Instituto de Energía Solar
- ETSI Telecomunicación
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Madrid
| | - Perla Wahnón
- Instituto de Energía Solar
- ETSI Telecomunicación
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Madrid
| | - Pablo Palacios
- Instituto de Energía Solar
- ETSI Telecomunicación
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Madrid
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14
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Tu Q, Spanopoulos I, Vasileiadou ES, Li X, Kanatzidis MG, Shekhawat GS, Dravid VP. Exploring the Factors Affecting the Mechanical Properties of 2D Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:20440-20447. [PMID: 32275132 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stability of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) is essential to achieve long-term durable HOIP-based devices. While HOIPs in two-dimensional (2D) form offer numerous options in the structure and composition to tune their mechanical properties, little is known about the structure-mechanical-property relationship in this family of materials. Here, we investigated a series of 2D lead halide HOIPs by nanoindentation to explore the impact of critical factors controlling the properties of both the organic and inorganic layers on the materials' out-of-plane mechanical performance. We find that the lead-halide bond in the inorganic framework can significantly influence the mechanical properties of 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) HOIPs with n = 1. Like 3D HOIPs, stronger lead-halide bond strength leads to a higher Young's modulus in these 2D HOIPs, i.e., E⊥Cl ≳ E⊥Br > E⊥I. In contrast, the hardness of 2D RP HOIPs follows a trend of HBr2D > HCl2D > HI2D, which is different from that found in 3D HOIPs, probably due to the combined effects from the Pb-X bond strength and inorganic framework structural change (e.g., symmetry and distortion). We further show that the interface between the organic layers in 2D HOIPs can be an effective route to engineer the materials' mechanical properties. Replacing the weak CH3-CH3 van der Waals forces by covalent bonds or phenyl-phenyl interactions in the interface can lead to a much stiffer and harder 2D HOIPs. Finally, we discover that the mechanical performance of 2D HOIPs with linear aliphatic diammonium spacer molecules is affected by the two basic structural parameters, i.e., the thicknesses of the organic and inorganic layers, in a similar way compared to that of 2D RP HOIPs with linear aliphatic monoammonium spacer molecules. A thinner organic layer and a thicker inorganic layer can result in 2D HOIPs with larger elastic modulus and hardness values. Our results offer intriguing insights into the structure-property relationship of 2D HOIPs from a mechanical perspective, providing guidelines and inspirations to achieve material design with required mechanical properties for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Ioannis Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Eugenia S Vasileiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201, United States
| | - Gajendra S Shekhawat
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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15
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Oyelade OV, Oyewole OK, Oyewole DO, Adeniji SA, Ichwani R, Sanni DM, Soboyejo WO. Pressure-Assisted Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7183. [PMID: 32346049 PMCID: PMC7188881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a combined experimental and analytical/computational study of the effects of pressure on photoconversion efficiencies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). First, an analytical model is used to predict the effects of pressure on interfacial contact in the multilayered structures of PSCs. The PSCs are then fabricated before applying a range of pressures to the devices to improve their interfacial surface contacts. The results show that the photoconversion efficiencies of PSCs increase by ~40%, for applied pressures between 0 and ~7 MPa. However, the photoconversion efficiencies decrease with increasing pressure beyond ~7 MPa. The implications of the results are discussed for the fabrication of efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Oyelade
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Physics, African University of Science and Technology, Km. 10 Airport Road, Galadimawa, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.,Department of Physics, Bingham University, Km. 26 Abuja-Keffi Express Way, P. M. B. 005, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
| | - O K Oyewole
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.,Department of Physics, Baze University, Plot 686 Cadastral Zone C00, Kuchingoro, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - D O Oyewole
- Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - S A Adeniji
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Physics, African University of Science and Technology, Km. 10 Airport Road, Galadimawa, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Plot 681 Cadastral zone COO Research and Institution Area, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - R Ichwani
- Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - D M Sanni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Physics, African University of Science and Technology, Km. 10 Airport Road, Galadimawa, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.,Department of Physics, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
| | - W O Soboyejo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA. .,Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Gateway Park Life Sciences and Bioengineering Center, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
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16
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Reyes-Martinez MA, Tan P, Kakekhani A, Banerjee S, Zhumekenov AA, Peng W, Bakr OM, Rappe AM, Loo YL. Unraveling the Elastic Properties of (Quasi)Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17881-17892. [PMID: 32188240 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) promise to open doors to next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices. Before such advances are realized, a fundamental understanding of the mechanical properties of HOIPs is required. Here, we combine ab initio density functional theory (DFT) modeling with a diverse set of experiments to study the elastic properties of (quasi)2D HOIPs. Specifically, we focus on (quasi)2D single crystals of phenethylammonium methylammonium lead iodide, (PEA)2PbI4(MAPbI3)n-1, and their 3D counterpart, MAPbI3. We used nanoindentation (both Hertzian and Oliver-Pharr analyses) in combination with elastic buckling instability experiments to establish the out-of-plane and in-plane elastic moduli. The effect of Van der Waals (vdW) forces, different interlayer interactions, and finite temperature are combined with DFT calculations to accurately model the system. Our results reveal a nonmonotonic dependence of both the in-plane and out-of plane elastic moduli on the number of inorganic layers (n) rationalized by first-principles calculations. We discuss how the presence of defects in as-grown crystals and macroscopic interlayer deformations affect the mechanical response of (quasi)2D HOIPs. Comparing the in- and out-of-plane experimental results with the theory reveals that perturbations to the covalent and ionic bonds (which hold a 2D layer together) is responsible for the relative out-of-plane stiffness of these materials. In contrast, we conjecture that the in-plane softness originates from macroscopic or mesoscopic motions between 2D layers during buckling experiments. Additionally, we learn how dispersion and π interactions in organic bilayers can have a determining role in the elastic response of the materials, especially in the out-of-plane direction. The understanding gained by comparing ab initio and experimental techniques paves the way for rational design of layered HOIPs with mechanical properties favorable for strain-intensive applications. Combined with filters for other favorable criteria, e.g., thermal or moisture stability, one can systematically screen viable (quasi)2D HOIPs for a variety of flexible optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A Reyes-Martinez
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-5263, United States
| | - Peng Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Arvin Kakekhani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Sayan Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ayan A Zhumekenov
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei Peng
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-5263, United States
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17
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Yang W, Zhong D, Shi M, Qu S, Chen H. Toward Highly Thermal Stable Perovskite Solar Cells by Rational Design of Interfacial Layer. iScience 2019; 22:534-543. [PMID: 31841971 PMCID: PMC6920322 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat is crucial to the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Herein, thermal stability of PVSCs based on metal oxide (MO) and polymer (P) was investigated. Firstly, chemical decomposition behavior of perovskite films was characterized and analyzed, revealing that chemically active MO would accelerate the decomposition of methylamine lead iodide (MAPbI3). Secondly, thermal-induced stress, resulting from the mismatched thermal expansion coefficients of different layers of PVSCs, and its effect on the mechanical stability of perovskite films were studied. Combining experiment and simulation, we conclude that “soft” (low modulus) and thick (>20 nm) interfacial layers offer better relaxation of thermal-induced stress. As a result, PVSCs employing thick polymer interfacial layer offer a remarkably improved thermal stability. This work offers not only the degradation insight of perovskite films on different substrates but also the path toward highly thermal stable PVSCs by rational design of interfacial layers. Degradation of perovskite films on different substrates were studied The chemical and mechanical deterioration of perovskite films are distinguished Thermal-induced stress within PVSCs was eased by a soft and thick interfacial layer PVSCs with optimized interfacial layers showed superior thermal stability
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
| | - Danming Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
| | - Shaoxing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic System, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics, and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China.
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18
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Nan G, Zhang X, Lu G. Self-Healing of Photocurrent Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells: The Role of Defect-Trapped Excitons. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7774-7780. [PMID: 31786920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed lead halide perovskites have emerged as one of the most promising materials in optoelectronic applications. However, the perovskites are not stable over prolonged solar illumination. A recent experimental study has revealed light-activated photocurrent degradation and self-healing in lead halide perovskites, which has important implications in tackling the photostability problems of the perovskites. Unfortunately, the physical origin of the experimental observations is unclear. In this work, we propose a first-principles theory that can elucidate all key experimental observations. By focusing on defect-trapped excitons, the theory can rationalize both fast and slow time scales of self-healing, contrasting dynamics of the photocurrent degradation and its recovery, and the steep temperature dependence of the two competing processes. We further predict that the same phenomenon of self-healing could also be observed in other lead halide perovskites with even faster time scales of recovery. The work provides a general framework for elucidating defect-controlled excitation dynamics in perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Nan
- Department of Physics , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004 , China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , California State University, Northridge , Northridge , California 91330-8268 , United States
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , California State University, Northridge , Northridge , California 91330-8268 , United States
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19
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Wang H, Zhu C, Liu L, Ma S, Liu P, Wu J, Shi C, Du Q, Hao Y, Xiang S, Chen H, Chen P, Bai Y, Zhou H, Li Y, Chen Q. Interfacial Residual Stress Relaxation in Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Stability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904408. [PMID: 31617644 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To improve the photovoltaic performance (both efficiency and stability) in hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells, perovskite lattice distortion is investigated with regards to residual stress (and strain) in the polycrystalline thin films. It is revealed that residual stress is concentrated at the surface of the as-prepared film, and an efficient method is further developed to release this interfacial stress by A site cation alloying. This results in lattice reconstruction at the surface of polycrystalline thin films, which in turn results in low elastic modulus. Thus, a "bone-joint" configuration is constructed within the interface between the absorber and the carrier transport layer, which improves device performance substantially. The resultant photovoltaic devices exhibit an efficiency of 21.48% with good humidity stability and improved resistance against thermal cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Sai Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiafeng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Congbo Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qin Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yanmin Hao
- Center for Testing and Analyzing of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Sisi Xiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Haining Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Pengwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Huanping Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yujing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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20
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Ji LJ, Sun SJ, Qin Y, Li K, Li W. Mechanical properties of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Ahn SM, Jung ED, Kim SH, Kim H, Lee S, Song MH, Kim JY. Nanomechanical Approach for Flexibility of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3707-3715. [PMID: 31117753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical flexibility of perovskite solar cells as well as high power conversion efficiency is attracting increasing attention. In addition to existing empirical approaches, such as cyclic bending tests, in this study we report the tensile properties of the perovskite materials themselves. Measuring the tensile properties of free-standing perovskite materials is critical because (1) tensile properties represent the realistic mechanical properties of the film-type perovskite layer in the solar cells including the effects of various defects, and (2) deformation behavior of the perovskite layer at any deformed state of the solar cells can be analyzed using solid mechanics with the tensile properties as input. Critical bending radius of MAPbI3-based flexible solar cells is found to be between 0.5 and 1.0 mm by the decrease in power conversion efficiency during cyclic bending deformation. This finding agrees well with the critical bending radius of 0.66 mm determined based on the elastic deformation limit of 1.17% for MAPbI3 found by in situ tensile testing. Scanning electron microscopy observations and hole-nanoindentation tests suggest that the formation of coarse cracks in the perovskite layers is the primary cause of the decrease in power conversion efficiency observed in flexible perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Ahn
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) , UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Dae Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) , UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Hoon Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) , UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hangeul Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) , UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbin Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) , UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) , UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) , UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
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22
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Zhang X, Li L, Sun Z, Luo J. Rational chemical doping of metal halide perovskites. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 48:517-539. [PMID: 30556818 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00563j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites benefit from the combination of wide absorption, high carrier mobility, defect tolerance, moderate exciton binding energies, and versatility of solution processes, showing great promise in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. However, the issues of long-term instability and toxicity of lead are supposed to limit their further practical applications. Chemical doping of an impurity into metal halide perovskites was reported to be a relatively effective approach to solving these issues while providing additional tunable physical and chemical properties. In an attempt to boost the research field further, it is imperative to summarize the recent significant work on metal halide doped perovskites, disclosing the underlying structure-property relationships to provide useful insights into applications of these perovskites with high performance. In this review, we highlight the rational design of doped perovskites by both theoretical and experimental efforts as well as their potential application spanning various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lina Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhihua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Junhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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23
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Tu Q, Spanopoulos I, Yasaei P, Stoumpos CC, Kanatzidis MG, Shekhawat GS, Dravid VP. Stretching and Breaking of Ultrathin 2D Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10347-10354. [PMID: 30289690 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are recent members of the 2D materials family with wide tunability, highly dynamic structural features, and excellent physical properties. Ultrathin 2D HOIPs and their heterostructures with other 2D materials have been exploited for study of physical phenomena and device applications. The in-plane mechanical properties of 2D ultrathin HOIPs are critical for understanding the coupling between mechanical and other physical fields and for integrated devices applications. Here we report the in-plane mechanical properties of ultrathin freestanding 2D lead iodide perovskite membranes and their dependence on the membrane thickness. The in-plane Young's moduli of 2D HOIPs are smaller than that of conventional covalently bonded 2D materials. As the thickness increases from monolayer to three-layer, both the Young's modulus and breaking strength decrease, while three-layer and four-layer 2D HOIPs have almost identical in-plane mechanical properties. These thickness-dependent mechanical properties can be attributed to interlayer slippage during deformation. Our results show that ultrathin 2D HOIPs exhibit outstanding breaking strength/Young's modulus ratio compared to many other widely used engineering materials and polymeric flexible substrates, which renders them suitable for application into flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Ioannis Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60201 , United States
| | - Poya Yasaei
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Constantinos C Stoumpos
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60201 , United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60201 , United States
| | - Gajendra S Shekhawat
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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24
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Tu Q, Spanopoulos I, Hao S, Wolverton C, Kanatzidis MG, Shekhawat GS, Dravid VP. Out-of-Plane Mechanical Properties of 2D Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites by Nanoindentation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22167-22173. [PMID: 29882400 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have demonstrated improved stability and promising photovoltaic performance. The mechanical properties of such functional materials are both fundamentally and practically important to achieve both high performance and mechanically stable (flexible) devices. Here, we report the mechanical properties of a series of 2D layered lead iodide HOIPs and investigate the role of structural subunits (e.g., variation of the length of the organic spacer molecules, R and the number of inorganic layers, n) in the mechanical properties. Although 2D HOIPs have much lower nominal elastic modulus and hardness than 3D HOIPs, larger n number and shorter R lead to stiffer materials. Density functional theory simulations showed a trend similar to the experimental results. We compared these findings with other 2D layered crystals and shed light on routes to further tune the out-of-plane mechanical properties of 2D layered HOIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60201 , United States
| | | | | | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60201 , United States
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25
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Sun S, Isikgor FH, Deng Z, Wei F, Kieslich G, Bristowe PD, Ouyang J, Cheetham AK. Factors Influencing the Mechanical Properties of Formamidinium Lead Halides and Related Hybrid Perovskites. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3740-3745. [PMID: 28666079 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of formamidinium lead halide perovskites (FAPbX3 , X=Br or I) grown by inverse-temperature crystallization have been studied by nanoindentation. The measured Young's moduli (9.7-12.3 GPa) and hardnesses (0.36-0.45 GPa) indicate good mechanical flexibility and ductility. The effects of hydrogen bonding were evaluated by performing ab initio molecular dynamics on both formamidinium and methylammonium perovskites and calculating radial distribution functions. The structural and chemical factors influencing these properties are discussed by comparison with corresponding values in the literature for other hybrid perovskites, including double perovskites. Our results reveal that bonding in the inorganic framework and hydrogen bonding play important roles in determining elastic stiffness. The influence of the organic cation becomes more important for structures at the limit of their perovskite stability, indicated by high tolerance factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FS, Cambridge, U. K
| | - Furkan H Isikgor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore
| | - Zeyu Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FS, Cambridge, U. K
| | - Fengxia Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FS, Cambridge, U. K
| | - Gregor Kieslich
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Paul D Bristowe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FS, Cambridge, U. K
| | - Jianyong Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore
| | - Anthony K Cheetham
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FS, Cambridge, U. K
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