1
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Mawaddah FAN, Bisri SZ. Advancing Silver Bismuth Sulfide Quantum Dots for Practical Solar Cell Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1328. [PMID: 39195366 DOI: 10.3390/nano14161328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) show unique properties that distinguish them from their bulk form, the so-called quantum confinement effects. This feature manifests in tunable size-dependent band gaps and discrete energy levels, resulting in distinct optical and electronic properties. The investigation direction of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) materials has started switching from high-performing materials based on Pb and Cd, which raise concerns regarding their toxicity, to more environmentally friendly compounds, such as AgBiS2. After the first breakthrough in solar cell application in 2016, the development of AgBiS2 QDs has been relatively slow, and many of the fundamental physical and chemical properties of this material are still unknown. Investigating the growth of AgBiS2 QDs is essential to understanding the fundamental properties that can improve this material's performance. This review comprehensively summarizes the synthesis strategies, ligand choice, and solar cell fabrication of AgBiS2 QDs. The development of PbS QDs is also highlighted as the foundation for improving the quality and performance of AgBiS2 QD. Furthermore, we prospectively discuss the future direction of AgBiS2 QD and its use for solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidya Azahro Nur Mawaddah
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satria Zulkarnaen Bisri
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei-shi 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
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2
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Pinna J, Pili E, Mehrabi Koushki R, Gavhane DS, Carlà F, Kooi BJ, Portale G, Loi MA. PbI 2 Passivation of Three Dimensional PbS Quantum Dot Superlattices Toward Optoelectronic Metamaterials. ACS NANO 2024; 18:19124-19136. [PMID: 38954751 PMCID: PMC11271184 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Lead chalcogenide colloidal quantum dots are one of the most promising materials to revolutionize the field of short-wavelength infrared optoelectronics due to their bandgap tunability and strong absorption. By self-assembling these quantum dots into ordered superlattices, mobilities approaching those of the bulk counterparts can be achieved while still retaining their original optical properties. The recent literature focused mostly on PbSe-based superlattices, but PbS quantum dots have several advantages, including higher stability. In this work, we demonstrate highly ordered 3D superlattices of PbS quantum dots with tunable thickness up to 200 nm and high coherent ordering, both in-plane and along the thickness. We show that we can successfully exchange the ligands throughout the film without compromising the ordering. The superlattices as the active material of an ion gel-gated field-effect transistor achieve electron mobilities up to 220 cm2 V-1 s-1. To further improve the device performance, we performed a postdeposition passivation with PbI2, which noticeably reduced the subthreshold swing making it reach the Boltzmann limit. We believe this is an important proof of concept showing that it is possible to overcome the problem of high trap densities in quantum dot superlattices enabling their application in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Pinna
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Pili
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Razieh Mehrabi Koushki
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Dnyaneshwar S. Gavhane
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Carlà
- Diamond
House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Bart J. Kooi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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3
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Wang C, Chen Z, Liu Z, Ma T, Chen X, Zhang M, Luo D, Hyun BR, Liu X. Adjusting Microscale to Atomic-Scale Structural Order in PbS Nanocrystal Superlattice for Enhanced Photodetector Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300975. [PMID: 37066743 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
An investigation is presented into the effect of the long-range order on the optoelectronic properties of PbS quantum dot (QD) superlattices, which form mesocrystals, for potential use in photodetector applications. By self-assembly of QD nanocrystals on an Si/SiOx substrate, a highly ordered and densely packed PbS QD superlattice with a microscale size is obtained. The results demonstrate that annealing treatment induces mesocrystalline superlattices with preferred growth orientation, achieved by dislodging ligands. The improved orientation and electronic coupling of the mesocrystalline superlattices exhibit superior photodetector performance compared to disordered QD structures and closely packed superlattices. This improved performance is attributed to atomic alignment between QDs, leading to enhanced electronic coupling. The findings suggest that these mesocrystalline superlattices have promising potential for the next generation of QD optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanglei Wang
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjun Chen
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Tianchan Ma
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Xiya Chen
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Menglong Zhang
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
| | - Dongxiang Luo
- Huangpu Hydrogen Innovation Center/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Byung-Ryool Hyun
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chip and Integration Technology, Guangzhou, 510631, P. R. China
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4
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Marino E, Rosen DJ, Yang S, Tsai EHR, Murray CB. Temperature-Controlled Reversible Formation and Phase Transformation of 3D Nanocrystal Superlattices Through In Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4250-4257. [PMID: 37184728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the spontaneous organization of nanocrystals into superlattices has captivated the scientific community. However, achieving direct control over the formation of the superlattice and its phase transformations has proven to be a grand challenge, often resulting in the generation of multiple symmetries under the same experimental conditions. Here, we achieve direct control over the formation of the superlattice and its phase transformations by modulating the thermal energy of a nanocrystal dispersion without relying on solvent evaporation. We follow the temperature-dependent dynamics of the self-assembly process using synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering. When cooled below -24.5 °C, lead sulfide nanocrystals form micrometer-sized three-dimensional phase-pure body-centered cubic superlattices. When cooled below -35.1 °C, these superlattices undergo a collective diffusionless phase transformation that yields denser body-centered tetragonal phases. These structural changes can be reversed by increasing the temperature of the dispersion and may lead to the direct modulation of the optical properties of these artificial solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennslvania 19104 United States
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniel J Rosen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 United States
| | - Shengsong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennslvania 19104 United States
| | - Esther H R Tsai
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 735, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennslvania 19104 United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 United States
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5
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Pinna J, Mehrabi Koushki R, Gavhane DS, Ahmadi M, Mutalik S, Zohaib M, Protesescu L, Kooi BJ, Portale G, Loi MA. Approaching Bulk Mobility in PbSe Colloidal Quantum Dots 3D Superlattices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207364. [PMID: 36308048 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
3D superlattices made of colloidal quantum dots are a promising candidate for the next generation of optoelectronic devices as they are expected to exhibit a unique combination of tunable optical properties and coherent electrical transport through minibands. While most of the previous work was performed on 2D arrays, the control over the formation of these systems is lacking, where limited long-range order and energetical disorder have so far hindered the potential of these metamaterials, giving rise to disappointing transport properties. Here, it is reported that nanoscale-level controlled ordering of colloidal quantum dots in 3D and over large areas allows the achievement of outstanding transport properties. The measured electron mobilities are the highest ever reported for a self-assembled solid of fully quantum-confined objects. This ultimately demonstrates that optoelectronic metamaterials with highly tunable optical properties (in this case in the short-wavelength infrared spectral range) and charge mobilities approaching that of bulk semiconductor can be obtained. This finding paves the way toward a new generation of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Pinna
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Razieh Mehrabi Koushki
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Dnyaneshwar S Gavhane
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Suhas Mutalik
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Zohaib
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Loredana Protesescu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J Kooi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh, 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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6
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Abelson A, Qian C, Crawford Z, Zimanyi GT, Law M. High-Mobility Hole Transport in Single-Grain PbSe Quantum Dot Superlattice Transistors. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9578-9585. [PMID: 36411037 PMCID: PMC9756332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxially-fused superlattices of colloidal quantum dots (QD epi-SLs) may exhibit electronic minibands and high-mobility charge transport, but electrical measurements of epi-SLs have been limited to large-area, polycrystalline samples in which superlattice grain boundaries and intragrain defects suppress/obscure miniband effects. Systematic measurements of charge transport in individual, highly-ordered epi-SL grains would facilitate the study of minibands in QD films. Here, we demonstrate the air-free fabrication of microscale field-effect transistors (μ-FETs) with channels consisting of single PbSe QD epi-SL grains (2-7 μm channel dimensions) and analyze charge transport in these single-grain devices. The eight devices studied show p-channel or ambipolar transport with a hole mobility as high as 3.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 290 K and 6.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 170-220 K, one order of magnitude larger than that of previous QD solids. The mobility peaks at 150-220 K, but device hysteresis at higher temperatures makes the true mobility-temperature curve uncertain and evidence for miniband transport inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Abelson
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Caroline Qian
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zachary Crawford
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Gergely T. Zimanyi
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Matt Law
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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7
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Zhang J, Li X, Liu Y, Feng J, Zhao J, Geng Y, Gao H, Wang T, Yang W, Jiang L, Wu Y. Confined Assembly of Colloidal Nanorod Superstructures by Locally Controlling Free-Volume Entropy in Nonequilibrium Fluids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202119. [PMID: 35522854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-range-ordered structures of nanoparticles with controllable orientation have advantages in applications toward sensors, photoelectric conversion, and field-effect transistors. The assembly process of nanorods in colloidal systems undergoes a nonequilibrium process from dispersion to aggregation. A variety of assembly methods such as solvent volatilization, electromagnetic field induction, and photoinduction are restricted to suppress local perturbations during the nonequilibrium concentration of nanoparticles, which are adverse to controlling the orientation and order of assembled structures. Here, a confined assembly method is reported by locally controlling free-volume entropy in nonequilibrium fluids to fabricate microstructure arrays based on colloidal nanorods with controllable orientation and long-range order. The unique fluid dynamics of the liquid bridge is utilized to form a local region, where the free volume entropy reduction triggers assembly near the three-phase contact line (TPCL), allowing nanorods to assemble in 2D closest packing parallel to the TPCL for the maximum Gibbs free energy reduction. By manipulating the orientation of liquid flow, microstructures are assembled with programmable geometry, which sustains polarized photoluminescence and polarization-dependent photodetection. This confined assembly method opens up perspectives on assemblies of nanomaterials with controllable orientation and long-range order as a platform for multifunctional integrated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Life and Health Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Jinjin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yue Geng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Tie Wang
- Life and Health Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, P. R. China
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8
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Notot V, Walravens W, Berthe M, Peric N, Addad A, Wallart X, Delerue C, Hens Z, Grandidier B, Biadala L. Quantum Dot Acceptors in Two-Dimensional Epitaxially Fused PbSe Quantum Dot Superlattices. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3081-3091. [PMID: 35156366 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oriented attachment of colloidal quantum dots allows the growth of two-dimensional crystals by design, which could have striking electronic properties upon progress on manipulating their conductivity. Here, we explore the origin of doping in square and epitaxially fused PbSe quantum dot superlattices with low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Probing the density of states of numerous individual quantum dots reveals an electronic coupling between the hole ground states of the quantum dots. Moreover, a small amount of quantum dots shows a reproducible deep level in the band gap, which is not caused by structural defects in the connections but arises from unpassivated sites at the {111} facets. Based on semiconductor statistics, these distinct defective quantum dots, randomly distributed in the superlattice, trap electrons, releasing a concentration of free holes, which is intimately related to the interdot electronic coupling. They act as acceptor quantum dots in the host quantum dot lattice, mimicking the role of dopant atoms in a semiconductor crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Notot
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, JUNIA-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Willem Walravens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maxime Berthe
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, JUNIA-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nemanja Peric
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, JUNIA-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ahmed Addad
- Université Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Wallart
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, JUNIA-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Delerue
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, JUNIA-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Grandidier
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, JUNIA-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Louis Biadala
- Université Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, JUNIA-ISEN, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
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9
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Qian C, Abelson A, Miller-Casas A, Capp R, Vinogradov I, Udagawa NS, Ge NH, Law M. Photobase-Triggered Formation of 3D Epitaxially Fused Quantum Dot Superlattices with High Uniformity and Low Bulk Defect Densities. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3239-3250. [PMID: 35080859 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly ordered epitaxially fused colloidal quantum dot (QD) superlattices (epi-SLs) promise to combine the size-tunable photophysics of QDs with the efficient charge transport of bulk semiconductors. However, current epi-SL fabrication methods are crude and result in structurally and chemically inhomogeneous samples with high concentrations of extended defects that localize carriers and prevent the emergence of electronic mini-bands. Needed fabrication improvements are hampered by inadequate understanding of the ligand chemistry that causes epi-SL conversion from the unfused parent SL. Here we show that epi-SL formation by the conventional method of amine injection into an ethylene glycol subphase under a floating QD film occurs by deprotonation of glycol by the amine and subsequent exchange of oleate by glycoxide on the QD surface. By replacing the amine with hydroxide ion, we demonstrate that any Brønsted-Lowry base that creates a sufficient dose of glycoxide can produce the epi-SL. We then introduce an epi-SL fabrication method that replaces point injection of a base with contactless and uniform illumination of a dissolved photobase. Quantitative mapping of multilayer (3D) films shows that our photobase-made epi-SLs are chemically and structurally uniform and have much lower concentrations of bulk defects compared to the highly inhomogeneous and defect-rich epi-SLs produced by amine point injection. The structural-chemical uniformity and structural perfection of photobase-made epi-SLs make them leading candidates for achieving emergent mini-band charge transport in a self-assembled mesoscale solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Qian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alex Abelson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Anneka Miller-Casas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Robert Capp
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ilya Vinogradov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Nina S Udagawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Nien-Hui Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Matt Law
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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10
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Korath Shivan S, Maier A, Scheele M. Emergent properties in supercrystals of atomically precise nanoclusters and colloidal nanocrystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6998-7017. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We provide a comprehensive account of the optical, electrical and mechanical properties that result from the self-assembly of colloidal nanocrystals or atomically precise nanoclusters into crystalline arrays with long-range order....
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11
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Peng M, Liu Y, Li F, Hong X, Liu Y, Wen Z, Liu Z, Ma W, Sun X. Room-Temperature Direct Synthesis of PbSe Quantum Dot Inks for High-Detectivity Near-Infrared Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:51198-51204. [PMID: 34672525 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A PbSe colloidal quantum dot (QD) is typically a solution-processed semiconductor for near-infrared (NIR) optoelectronic applications. However, the wide application of PbSe QDs has been restricted due to their instability, which requires tedious synthesis and complicated treatments before being applied in devices. Here, we demonstrate efficient NIR photodetectors based on the room-temperature, direct synthesis of semiconducting PbSe QD inks. The in-situ passivation and the avoidance of ligand exchange endow PbSe QD photodetectors with high efficiency and low cost. By further constructing the PbSe QDs/ZnO heterostructure, the photodetectors exhibit the NIR responsivity up to 970 mA/W and a detectivity of 1.86 × 1011 Jones at 808 nm. The obtained performance is comparable to that of the state-of-the-art PbSe QD photodetectors using a complex ligand exchange strategy. Our work may pave a new way for fabricating efficient and low-cost colloidal QD photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfa Peng
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xuekun Hong
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P. R. China
| | - Yushen Liu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zeke Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wanli Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xuhui Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
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12
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Liu L, Septianto RD, Bisri SZ, Ishida Y, Aida T, Iwasa Y. Evidence of band filling in PbS colloidal quantum dot square superstructures. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14001-14007. [PMID: 34477680 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr09189h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PbS square superstructures are formed by the oriented assembly of PbS quantum dots (QDs), reflecting the facet structures of each QD. In the square assembly, the quantum dots are highly oriented, in sharp contrast to the conventional hexagonal QD assemblies, in which the orientation of QDs is highly disordered, and each QD is connected through ligand molecules. Here, we measured the transport properties of the oriented assembly of PbS square superstructures. The combined electrochemical doping studies by electric double layer transistor (EDLT) and spectroelectrochemistry showed that more than fourteen electrons per quantum dot are introduced. Furthermore, we proved that the lowest conduction band is formed by the quasi-fourth degenerate quantized (1Se) level in the PbS QD square superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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13
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Zhao Q, Gouget G, Guo J, Yang S, Zhao T, Straus DB, Qian C, Oh N, Wang H, Murray CB, Kagan CR. Enhanced Carrier Transport in Strongly Coupled, Epitaxially Fused CdSe Nanocrystal Solids. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3318-3324. [PMID: 33792310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strongly coupled, epitaxially fused colloidal nanocrystal (NC) solids are promising solution-processable semiconductors to realize optoelectronic devices with high carrier mobilities. Here, we demonstrate sequential, solid-state cation exchange reactions to transform epitaxially connected PbSe NC thin films into Cu2Se nanostructured thin-film intermediates and then successfully to achieve zinc-blende, CdSe NC solids with wide epitaxial necking along {100} facets. Transient photoconductivity measurements probe carrier transport at nanometer length scales and show a photoconductance of 0.28(1) cm2 V-1 s-1, the highest among CdSe NC solids reported. Atomic-layer deposition of a thin Al2O3 layer infiltrates and protects the structure from fusing into a polycrystalline thin film during annealing and further improves the photoconductance to 1.71(5) cm2 V-1 s-1 and the diffusion length to 760 nm. We fabricate field-effect transistors to study carrier transport at micron length scales and realize high electron mobilities of 35(3) cm2 V-1 s-1 with on-off ratios of 106 after doping.
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14
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Liu S, Xiong K, Wang K, Liang G, Li MY, Tang H, Yang X, Huang Z, Lian L, Tan M, Wang K, Gao L, Song H, Zhang D, Gao J, Lan X, Tang J, Zhang J. Efficiently Passivated PbSe Quantum Dot Solids for Infrared Photovoltaics. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3376-3386. [PMID: 33512158 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Infrared (IR) solar cells are promising devices for significantly improving the power conversion efficiency of common solar cells by harvesting the low-energy IR photons. PbSe quantum dots (QDs) are superior IR photon absorbing materials due to their strong quantum confinement and thus strong interdot electronic coupling. However, the high chemical activity of PbSe QDs leads to etching and poor passivation in ligand exchange, resulting in a high trap-state density and a high open circuit voltage (VOC) deficit. Here we develop a hybrid ligand co-passivation strategy to simultaneously passivate the Pb and Se sites; that is, halide anions passivate the Pb sites and Cd cations passivate the Se sites. The cation and anion hybrid passivation substantially improves the quality of PbSe QD solids, giving rise to an excellent trap-state control and prolonged carrier lifetime. A high VOC and a high short circuit current density (JSC) are achieved simultaneously in the IR QD solar cells based on this hybrid ligand treatment. Finally, a IR-PCE of 1.31% under the 1100-nm-filtered solar illumination is achieved in the PbSe QD solar cells, which is the highest IR-PCE for PbSe QD IR solar cells at present. Additionally, the PbSe QD devices show a high external quantum efficiency of 80% at ∼1295 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Kao Xiong
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Kang Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Guijie Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Ming-Yu Li
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Haodong Tang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Boulevard 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaokun Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Linyuan Lian
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Manlin Tan
- Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Boulevard 1088, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Haisheng Song
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Daoli Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Ultrafast Photophysics of Quantum Devices, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Xinzheng Lan
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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15
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Saxena V, Portale G. Contribution of Ex-Situ and In-Situ X-ray Grazing Incidence Scattering Techniques to the Understanding of Quantum Dot Self-Assembly: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2240. [PMID: 33198138 PMCID: PMC7696246 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots are under intense research, given their amazing properties which favor their use in electronics, optoelectronics, energy, medicine and other important applications. For many of these technological applications, quantum dots are used in their ordered self-assembled form, called superlattice. Understanding the mechanism of formation of the superlattices is crucial to designing quantum dots devices with desired properties. Here we review some of the most important findings about the formation of such superlattices that have been derived using grazing incidence scattering techniques (grazing incidence small and wide angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS/GIWAXS)). Acquisition of these structural information is essential to developing some of the most important underlying theories in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishesh Saxena
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen AG 9747, The Netherlands;
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Material, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen AG 9747, The Netherlands
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16
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Maier A, Lapkin D, Mukharamova N, Frech P, Assalauova D, Ignatenko A, Khubbutdinov R, Lazarev S, Sprung M, Laible F, Löffler R, Previdi N, Bräuer A, Günkel T, Fleischer M, Schreiber F, Vartanyants IA, Scheele M. Structure-Transport Correlation Reveals Anisotropic Charge Transport in Coupled PbS Nanocrystal Superlattices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002254. [PMID: 32725688 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of colloidal semiconductive nanocrystals into highly ordered superlattices predicts novel structure-related properties by design. However, those structure-property relationships, such as charge transport depending on the structure or even directions of the superlattice, have remained unrevealed so far. Here, electric transport measurements and X-ray nanodiffraction are performed on self-assembled lead sulfide nanocrystal superlattices to investigate direction-dependent charge carrier transport in microscopic domains of these materials. By angular X-ray cross-correlation analysis, the structure and orientation of individual superlattices is determined, which are directly correlated with the electronic properties of the same microdomains. By that, strong evidence for the effect of superlattice crystallinity on the electric conductivity is found. Further, anisotropic charge transport in highly ordered monocrystalline domains is revealed, which is attributed to the dominant effect of shortest interparticle distance. This implies that transport anisotropy should be a general feature of weakly coupled nanocrystal superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Maier
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Dmitry Lapkin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Frech
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Dameli Assalauova
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Alexandr Ignatenko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Ruslan Khubbutdinov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - Sergey Lazarev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), pr. Lenina 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | - Florian Laible
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Ronny Löffler
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Nicolas Previdi
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Annika Bräuer
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Thomas Günkel
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Monika Fleischer
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Ivan A Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, Moscow, 115409, Russia
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
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17
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Deng K, Luo Z, Tan L, Quan Z. Self-assembly of anisotropic nanoparticles into functional superstructures. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6002-6038. [PMID: 32692337 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) into superstructures offers a flexible and promising pathway to manipulate the nanometer-sized particles and thus make full use of their unique properties. This bottom-up strategy builds a bridge between the NP regime and a new class of transformative materials across multiple length scales for technological applications. In this field, anisotropic NPs with size- and shape-dependent physical properties as self-assembly building blocks have long fascinated scientists. Self-assembly of anisotropic NPs not only opens up exciting opportunities to engineer a variety of intriguing and complex superlattice architectures, but also provides access to discover emergent collective properties that stem from their ordered arrangement. Thus, this has stimulated enormous research interests in both fundamental science and technological applications. This present review comprehensively summarizes the latest advances in this area, and highlights their rich packing behaviors from the viewpoint of NP shape. We provide the basics of the experimental techniques to produce NP superstructures and structural characterization tools, and detail the delicate assembled structures. Then the current understanding of the assembly dynamics is discussed with the assistance of in situ studies, followed by emergent collective properties from these NP assemblies. Finally, we end this article with the remaining challenges and outlook, hoping to encourage further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zhishan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zewei Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies, Ministry of Education, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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18
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Xia P, Davies DW, Patel BB, Qin M, Liang Z, Graham KR, Diao Y, Tang ML. Spin-coated fluorinated PbS QD superlattice thin film with high hole mobility. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11174-11181. [PMID: 32406467 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02299c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the oleophobic and electron-withdrawing nature of perfluorocarbons, we explore the effect of a trifluoromethyl coating on lead sulfide quantum dots (PbS QDs) in thin film transistor (TFT) geometry. The low surface energy conferred by the oleophobic perfluorocarbons creates QDs packed in a primitive cubic lattice with long range order, as confirmed by grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hole mobilities as high as 0.085 cm2 V-1 s-1 were measured in the TFTs. No electron transport was observed. This suggests that the electron-withdrawing nature of the trifluoromethyl ligand is eclipsed by the excess holes present in the PbS QDs that likely stem from cation vacancies induced by the thiol group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xia
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
| | - Daniel W Davies
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Bijal B Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Maotong Qin
- Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, NO. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026 P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Kenneth R Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ming Lee Tang
- Department of Chemistry & Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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19
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Movilla JL, Planelles J, Climente JI. Dielectric Confinement Enables Molecular Coupling in Stacked Colloidal Nanoplatelets. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3294-3300. [PMID: 32272016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show theoretically that carriers confined in semiconductor colloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) sense the presence of neighbor, cofacially stacked NPLs in their energy spectrum. When approaching identical NPLs, the otherwise degenerate energy levels red-shift and split, forming (for large stacks) minibands that are several millielectronvolts in width. Unlike in epitaxial structures, the molecular behavior does not result from quantum tunneling but from changes in the dielectric confinement. The associated excitonic absorption spectrum shows a rich structure of bright and dark states, whose optical activity and multiplicity can be understood from reflection symmetry and Coulomb tunneling. We predict spectroscopic signatures that should confirm the formation of molecular states, whose practical realization would pave the way for the development of nanocrystal chemistry based on NPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Movilla
- Departament d'Educació i Didàctiques Específiques, Universitat Jaume I, 12080 Castelló, Spain
| | - Josep Planelles
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, E-12080 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Juan I Climente
- Departament de Química Física i Analítica, Universitat Jaume I, E-12080 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
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20
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Nakotte T, Luo H, Pietryga J. PbE (E = S, Se) Colloidal Quantum Dot-Layered 2D Material Hybrid Photodetectors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E172. [PMID: 31963894 PMCID: PMC7022979 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid lead chalcogenide (PbE) (E = S, Se) quantum dot (QD)-layered 2D systems are an emerging class of photodetectors with unique potential to expand the range of current technologies and easily integrate into current complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible architectures. Herein, we review recent advancements in hybrid PbE QD-layered 2D photodetectors and place them in the context of key findings from studies of charge transport in layered 2D materials and QD films that provide lessons to be applied to the hybrid system. Photodetectors utilizing a range of layered 2D materials including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides sensitized with PbE QDs in various device architectures are presented. Figures of merit such as responsivity (R) and detectivity (D*) are reviewed for a multitude of devices in order to compare detector performance. Finally, a look to the future considers possible avenues for future device development, including potential new materials and device treatment/fabrication options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Nakotte
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
| | - Jeff Pietryga
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;
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21
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Hanrath T. Mesoscale metamorphosis. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:2-3. [PMID: 31611670 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hanrath
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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22
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Abelson A, Qian C, Salk T, Luan Z, Fu K, Zheng JG, Wardini JL, Law M. Collective topo-epitaxy in the self-assembly of a 3D quantum dot superlattice. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:49-55. [PMID: 31611669 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxially fused colloidal quantum dot (QD) superlattices (epi-SLs) may enable a new class of semiconductors that combine the size-tunable photophysics of QDs with bulk-like electronic performance, but progress is hindered by a poor understanding of epi-SL formation and surface chemistry. Here we use X-ray scattering and correlative electron imaging and diffraction of individual SL grains to determine the formation mechanism of three-dimensional PbSe QD epi-SL films. We show that the epi-SL forms from a rhombohedrally distorted body centred cubic parent SL via a phase transition in which the QDs translate with minimal rotation (~10°) and epitaxially fuse across their {100} facets in three dimensions. This collective epitaxial transformation is atomically topotactic across the 103-105 QDs in each SL grain. Infilling the epi-SLs with alumina by atomic layer deposition greatly changes their electrical properties without affecting the superlattice structure. Our work establishes the formation mechanism of three-dimensional QD epi-SLs and illustrates the critical importance of surface chemistry to charge transport in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Abelson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Qian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Trenton Salk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhongyue Luan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kan Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jian-Guo Zheng
- Irvine Materials Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jenna L Wardini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Matt Law
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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23
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Liu L, Bisri SZ, Ishida Y, Aida T, Iwasa Y. Tunable electronic properties by ligand coverage control in PbS nanocrystal assemblies. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20467-20474. [PMID: 31647086 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that controlling electronic properties of nanocrystal (NC) assemblies can be achieved by the usage of various types of ligands on the NC surface. However, the ligand coverage, which could also tune electronic properties, is always ignored. It is due to the lack of accurate evaluation methods of ligand amounts on the surface of NCs and the difficulty of ligand binding control at the nanoscale. Here, we demonstrate a precise ligand (oleic acid) coverage control of PbS NCs through a modified liquid/air assembly technique. In this way, both the assembly structures and electronic properties can be tuned by ligand coverage at the same time. In particular, the medium oleic acid coverage (2.1 ligand per nm2), which forms a square lattice of PbS NCs, shows the best electronic properties, especially when it is compared with the full coverage (2.4 ligand per nm2) and the sparse coverage (0.7 ligand per nm2) of oleic acid on the NC surface. This ligand coverage controlled electronic properties of NC films will give new insights for finely tuning the properties of electronic devices based on NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Ishida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan and RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Iwasa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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24
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Liu Y, Peard N, Grossman JC. Bandlike Transport in PbS Quantum Dot Superlattices with Quantum Confinement. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3756-3762. [PMID: 31185712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices made from colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) often take advantage of the combination of tunable quantum-confined optical properties and carrier mobilities of strongly coupled systems. In this work, first-principles calculations are applied to investigate the electronic, optical, and transport properties of PbS CQD superlattices. Our results show that even in the regime of strong necking and fusing between PbS CQDs, quantum confinement can be generally preserved. In particular, computed carrier mobilities for simple cubic and two-dimensional square lattices fused along the {100} facets are 2-3 orders of magnitude larger than those of superlattices fused along {110} and {111} facets. The relative magnitude of the electron and hole mobilities strongly depends on the crystal and electronic structures. Our results illustrate the importance of understanding the crystal structure of CQD films and that strongly fused CQD superlattices offer a promising pathway for achieving tunable quantum-confined optical properties while increasing carrier mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Nolan Peard
- Department of Physics , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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25
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Marino E, Balazs DM, Crisp RW, Hermida-Merino D, Loi MA, Kodger TE, Schall P. Controlling Superstructure-Property Relationships via Critical Casimir Assembly of Quantum Dots. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:13451-13457. [PMID: 31205576 PMCID: PMC6558640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) into dense superstructures holds great promise for the development of novel optoelectronic devices. Several assembly techniques have been explored; however, achieving direct and precise control over the interparticle potential that controls the assembly has proven to be challenging. Here, we exploit the application of critical Casimir forces to drive the growth of QDs into superstructures. We show that the exquisite temperature-dependence of the critical Casimir potential offers new opportunities to control the assembly process and morphology of the resulting QD superstructures. The direct assembly control allows us to elucidate the relation between structural, optical, and conductive properties of the critical Casimir-grown QD superstructures. We find that the choice of the temperature setting the interparticle potential plays a central role in maximizing charge percolation across QD thin-films. These results open up new directions for controlling the assembly of nanostructures and their optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Marino
- Van
der Waals—Zeeman Institute, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel M. Balazs
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan W. Crisp
- Chemical
Engineering, Optoelectronic Materials, Delft
University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maria A. Loi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas E. Kodger
- Van
der Waals—Zeeman Institute, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Physical
Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University
& Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Schall
- Van
der Waals—Zeeman Institute, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Alimoradi Jazi M, Kulkarni A, Sinai SB, Peters JL, Geschiere E, Failla M, Delerue C, Houtepen AJ, Siebbeles LDA, Vanmaekelbergh D. Room-Temperature Electron Transport in Self-Assembled Sheets of PbSe Nanocrystals with a Honeycomb Nanogeometry. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:14058-14066. [PMID: 31205579 PMCID: PMC6559210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b03549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown recently that atomically coherent superstructures of a nanocrystal monolayer in thickness can be prepared by self-assembly of monodisperse PbSe nanocrystals, followed by oriented attachment. Superstructures with a honeycomb nanogeometry are of special interest, as theory has shown that they are regular 2-D semiconductors, but with the highest valence and lowest conduction bands being Dirac-type, that is, with a linear energy-momentum relation around the K-points in the zone. Experimental validation will require cryogenic measurements on single sheets of these nanocrystal monolayer superstructures. Here, we show that we can incorporate these fragile superstructures into a transistor device with electrolyte gating, control the electron density, and measure the electron transport characteristics at room temperature. The electron mobility is 1.5 ± 0.5 cm2 V-1 s-1, similar to the mobility observed with terahertz spectroscopy on freestanding superstructures. The terahertz spectroscopic data point to pronounced carrier scattering on crystallographic imperfections in the superstructure, explaining the limited mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alimoradi Jazi
- Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, University of
Utrecht, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aditya Kulkarni
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sophia Buhbut Sinai
- Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, University of
Utrecht, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joep L. Peters
- Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, University of
Utrecht, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Geschiere
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Failla
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arjan J. Houtepen
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Optoelectronic Materials Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Vanmaekelbergh
- Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, University of
Utrecht, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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27
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Shulga A, Kahmann S, Dirin DN, Graf A, Zaumseil J, Kovalenko MV, Loi MA. Electroluminescence Generation in PbS Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Field-Effect Transistors with Solid-State Gating. ACS NANO 2018; 12:12805-12813. [PMID: 30540904 PMCID: PMC6307172 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The application of light-emitting field-effect transistors (LEFET) is an elegant way of combining electrical switching and light emission in a single device architecture instead of two. This allows for a higher degree of miniaturization and integration in future optoelectronic applications. Here, we report on a LEFET based on lead sulfide quantum dots processed from solution. Our device shows state-of-the-art electronic behavior and emits near-infrared photons with a quantum yield exceeding 1% when cooled. We furthermore show how LEFETs can be used to simultaneously characterize the optical and electrical material properties on the same device and use this benefit to investigate the charge transport through the quantum dot film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem
G. Shulga
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Kahmann
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Arko Graf
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, DE-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, DE-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maria A. Loi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, NL-9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Phone: +31 50 363 4119. Fax: +31 50363 8751. E-mail:
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