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Chen G, Zhou J, Chen L, Tian F, Liu Z. Infrared color-sorting metasurfaces. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:14490-14497. [PMID: 39022992 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01891e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The process of sorting light based on colors (photon energy) is a prerequisite in broadband optical systems, typically achieved in the form of guiding incoming signals through a sequence of spectral filters. The assembly of filters often leads to lengthy optical trains and consequently, large system footprints. In this work, we address this issue by proposing a flat color-sorting device comprising a diffraction grating and a dielectric Huygens' metasurface. Upon the incidence of a broadband beam, the grating disperses wavelengths to a continuous range of angles in accordance with the law of diffraction. The following metasurface with multiple paired Huygens' resonances corrects the dispersion and binds wavelengths to the corresponding waveband with a designated output angle. We demonstrate the sorting efficacy by designing a device with a color-sorting metasurface with two discrete dispersion-compensated outputs (10.8 ± 0.3 μm and 11.9 ± 0.3 μm), based on the proposed approach. The optimized metasurface possesses an overall transmittance exceeding 57% and reduces lateral dispersion by 90% at the output. The proposed color-sorting mechanism provides a solution that benefits the designing of metasurfaces for miniature multi-band systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Junxiao Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Fanglin Tian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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2
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Liu M, Zhao W, Wang Y, Huo P, Zhang H, Lu YQ, Xu T. Achromatic and Coma-Corrected Hybrid Meta-Optics for High-Performance Thermal Imaging. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7609-7615. [PMID: 38861682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Long-wave infrared (LWIR) imaging, or thermal imaging, is widely applied in night vision and security monitoring. However, the widespread use of LWIR imagers is impeded by their bulky size, considerable weight, and high cost. While flat meta-optics present a potential solution to these limitations, existing pure LWIR meta-optics face constraints such as severe chromatic or coma aberrations. Here, we introduce an approach utilizing large-scale hybrid meta-optics to address these challenges and demonstrate the achromatic, coma-corrected, and polarization-insensitive thermal imaging. The hybrid metalens doublet is composed of a metasurface corrector and a refractive lens, featuring a full field-of-view angle surpassing 20° within the 8-12 μm wavelength range. Employing this hybrid metalens doublet, we showcase high-performance thermal imaging capabilities both indoors and outdoors, effectively capturing ambient thermal radiation. The proposed hybrid metalens doublet holds considerable promise for advancing miniaturized, lightweight, and cost-effective LWIR optical imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weixing Zhao
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Pengcheng Huo
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan-Qing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ting Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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3
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Yang Y, Seong J, Choi M, Park J, Kim G, Kim H, Jeong J, Jung C, Kim J, Jeon G, Lee KI, Yoon DH, Rho J. Integrated metasurfaces for re-envisioning a near-future disruptive optical platform. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:152. [PMID: 37339970 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces have been continuously garnering attention in both scientific and industrial fields, owing to their unprecedented wavefront manipulation capabilities using arranged subwavelength artificial structures. To date, research has mainly focused on the full control of electromagnetic characteristics, including polarization, phase, amplitude, and even frequencies. Consequently, versatile possibilities of electromagnetic wave control have been achieved, yielding practical optical components such as metalenses, beam-steerers, metaholograms, and sensors. Current research is now focused on integrating the aforementioned metasurfaces with other standard optical components (e.g., light-emitting diodes, charged-coupled devices, micro-electro-mechanical systems, liquid crystals, heaters, refractive optical elements, planar waveguides, optical fibers, etc.) for commercialization with miniaturization trends of optical devices. Herein, this review describes and classifies metasurface-integrated optical components, and subsequently discusses their promising applications with metasurface-integrated optical platforms including those of augmented/virtual reality, light detection and ranging, and sensors. In conclusion, this review presents several challenges and prospects that are prevalent in the field in order to accelerate the commercialization of metasurfaces-integrated optical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghwan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwa Seong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyeong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongtae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeon Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunghwan Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoseon Jeon
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Lee
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Yoon
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Chu Y, Xiao X, Ye X, Chen C, Zhu S, Li T. Design of achromatic hybrid metalens with secondary spectrum correction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:21399-21406. [PMID: 37381239 DOI: 10.1364/oe.493216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Metasurface can be used in combination with singlet refractive lens to eliminate chromaticity, in which the metasurface usually works as a dispersion compensator. Such a kind of hybrid lens, however, usually has residual dispersion due to the limit of meta unit library. Here, we demonstrate a design method that considers the refraction element and metasurface together as a whole to achieve large scale achromatic hybrid lens with no residual dispersion. The tradeoff between the meta-unit library and the characteristics of resulting hybrid lenses is also discussed in detail. As a proof of concept, a centimeter scale achromatic hybrid lens is realized, which shows significant advantages over refractive lenses and hybrid lenses designed by previous methods. Our strategy would provide guidance for designing high-performance macroscopic achromatic metalenses.
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5
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Chen WT, Park JS, Marchioni J, Millay S, Yousef KMA, Capasso F. Dispersion-engineered metasurfaces reaching broadband 90% relative diffraction efficiency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2544. [PMID: 37137885 PMCID: PMC10156701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersion results from the variation of index of refraction as well as electric field confinement in sub-wavelength structures. It usually results in efficiency decrease in metasurface components leading to troublesome scattering into unwanted directions. In this letter, by dispersion engineering, we report a set of eight nanostructures whose dispersion properties are nearly identical to each other while being capable of providing 0 to 2π full-phase coverage. Our nanostructure set enables broadband and polarization-insensitive metasurface components reaching 90% relative diffraction efficiency (normalized to the power of transmitted light) from 450 nm to 700 nm in wavelength. Relative diffraction efficiency is important at a system level - in addition to diffraction efficiency (normalized to the power of incident light) - as it considers only the transmitted optical power that can affect the signal to noise ratio. We first illustrate our design principle by a chromatic dispersion-engineered metasurface grating, then show that other metasurface components such as chromatic metalenses can also be implemented by the same set of nanostructures with significantly improved relative diffraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ting Chen
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Joon-Suh Park
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Justin Marchioni
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sophia Millay
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267, USA
| | - Kerolos M A Yousef
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Federico Capasso
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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6
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Fu P, Ni PN, Wu B, Pei XZ, Wang QH, Chen PP, Xu C, Kan Q, Chu WG, Xie YY. Metasurface Enabled On-Chip Generation and Manipulation of Vector Beams from Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204286. [PMID: 36111553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metasurface polarization optics that consist of 2D array of birefringent nano-antennas have proven remarkable capabilities to generate and manipulate vectorial fields with subwavelength resolution and high efficiency. Integrating this new type of metasurface with the standard vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) platform enables an ultracompact and powerful solution to control both phase and polarization properties of the laser on a chip, which allows to structure a VCSEL into vector beams with on-demand wavefronts. Here, this concept is demonstrated by directly generating versatile vector beams from commercially available VCSELs through on-chip integration of high-index dielectric metasurfaces. Experimentally, the versatility of the approach for the development of vectorial VCSELs are validated by implementing a variety of functionalities, including directional emission of multibeam with specified polarizations, vectorial holographic display, and vector vortex beams generations. Notably, the proposed vectorial VCSELs integrated with a single layer of beam shaping metasurface bypass the requirements of multiple cascaded optical components, and thus have the potential to promote the advancements of ultracompact, lightweight, and scalable vector beams sources, enriching and expanding the applications of VCSELs in optical communications, laser manipulation and processing, information encryption, and quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Pei-Nan Ni
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Tampere University, Tampere, 33720, Finland
| | - Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Xian-Zhi Pei
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Qiu-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pei-Pei Chen
- Nanofabrication Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory for Nanosystems and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Qiang Kan
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei-Guo Chu
- Nanofabrication Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory for Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory for Nanosystems and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yi-Yang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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7
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Billuart J, Héron S, Loiseaux B, Amra C, Lequime M. Towards a metasurface adapted to hyperspectral imaging applications: from subwavelength design to definition of optical properties. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:32764-32777. [PMID: 34809100 DOI: 10.1364/oe.432969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We numerically demonstrate the capability of a single metasurface to simultaneously separate and focus spectral features in accordance with the specifications of a pushbroom hyperspectral imager. This is achieved through the dispersion engineering of a library of two-level TiO2 nano-elements. Sommerfeld integrals are used to confirm our numerical simulations provided by our solver based on Fourier modal method. As a proof of concept, a metasurface with a 175 µm diameter is designed to be compatible with hyperspectral imaging over a spectral range of ± 50 nm around 650 nm with a spectral resolution of 8.5 nm and a field of view of 8° around the normal incidence (angular resolution of 0.2°).
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8
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Bifunctional Metamaterials Using Spatial Phase Gradient Architectures: Generalized Reflection and Refraction Considerations. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092201. [PMID: 33922987 PMCID: PMC8123341 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the possibility of achieving normal-incidence transmission at non-normal incidence angles using thin interfaces made of metasurface structures with an appropriately-designed positive spatial phase distributions. The reported effect represents a consequence of generalized reflection and refraction, which, although having been studied for discovering exotic effects such as negative refraction, to the best of our knowledge fails to address normal incidence conditions in positive phase distribution and its underlying consequences. Normal-incidence conditions can be angle-tuned by modifying the vales of the phase distribution gradients. Furthermore, for configurations around the normal-incidence angles, the metasurface will exhibit a bifunctional behavior—either divergent or convergent. All these properties are essential for applications such as optical guiding in integrated optics, wave front sensing devices, polarization controllers, wave front-to-polarization converters, holographic sensors, and spatially-resolved polarization measurement.
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9
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Song Q, Khadir S, Vézian S, Damilano B, Mierry PD, Chenot S, Brandli V, Genevet P. Bandwidth-unlimited polarization-maintaining metasurfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/5/eabe1112. [PMID: 33514552 PMCID: PMC7846164 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Any arbitrary state of polarization of light beam can be decomposed into a linear superposition of two orthogonal oscillations, each of which has a specific amplitude of the electric field. The dispersive nature of diffractive and refractive optical components generally affects these amplitude responses over a small wavelength range, tumbling the light polarization properties. Although recent works suggest the realization of broadband nanophotonic interfaces that can mitigate frequency dispersion, their usage for arbitrary polarization control remains elusively chromatic. Here, we present a general method to address broadband full-polarization properties of diffracted fields using an original superposition of circular polarization beams transmitted through metasurfaces. The polarization-maintaining metasurfaces are applied for complex broadband wavefront shaping, including beam deflectors and white-light holograms. Eliminating chromatic dispersion and dispersive polarization response of conventional diffractive elements lead to broadband polarization-maintaining devices of interest for applications in polarization imaging, broadband-polarimetry, augmented/virtual reality imaging, full color display, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Song
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - S Khadir
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - S Vézian
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - B Damilano
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - P D Mierry
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - S Chenot
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - V Brandli
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - P Genevet
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France.
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10
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Xie T, Zhang F, Pu M, Guo Y, Luo X. Integrated multispectral real-time imaging system based on metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:36445-36454. [PMID: 33379737 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a highly integrated array-based imaging system, composed of a lens array and a metasurface array, is proposed to achieve multispectral real-time imaging within a wide range of 400-1100 nm numerically. Each channel has an achromatic bandwidth of 50 nm and an aperture of about 5 mm, with the system average efficiency reaching over 91%. It breaks the restrictions of cumbersome volumes and limited materials that deteriorate the performance of conventional systems, facilitating miniaturization and integration. Moreover, the design method is also suitable for other spectral bands, widening applications of metasurfaces in multispectral imaging.
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11
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Pan Q, Su M, Zhang Z, Chen B, Huang Z, Hu X, Cai Z, Song Y. Omnidirectional Photodetectors Based on Spatial Resonance Asymmetric Facade via a 3D Self-Standing Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907280. [PMID: 32108392 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Integration of photovoltaic materials directly into 3D light-matter resonance architectures can extend their functionality beyond traditional optoelectronics. Semiconductor structures at subwavelength scale naturally possess optical resonances, which provides the possibility to manipulate light-matter interactions. In this work, a structure and function integrated printing method to remodel 2D film to 3D self-standing facade between predesigned gold electrodes, realizing the advancement of structure and function from 2D to 3D, is demonstrated. Due to the enlarged cross section in the 3D asymmetric rectangular structure, the facade photodetectors possess sensitive light-matter interaction. The single 3D facade photodetectors can measure the incident angle of light in 3D space with a 10° angular resolution. The resonance interaction of the incident light at different illumination angles and the 3D subwavelength photosensitive facade is analyzed by the simulated light flow in the facade. The 3D facade structure enhances the manipulation of the light-matter interaction and extends metasurface nanophotonics to a wider range of materials. The monitoring of dynamic variation is achieved in a single facade photodetector. Together with the flexibility of structure and function integrated printing strategy, three and four branched photodetectors extend the angle detection to omnidirectional ranges, which will be significant for the development of 3D angle-sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Remodeling Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Meng Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zeying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Remodeling Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bingda Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Remodeling Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhandong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Remodeling Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zheren Cai
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Remodeling Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Remodeling Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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12
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Park JS, Zhang S, She A, Chen WT, Lin P, Yousef KMA, Cheng JX, Capasso F. All-Glass, Large Metalens at Visible Wavelength Using Deep-Ultraviolet Projection Lithography. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8673-8682. [PMID: 31726010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Metalenses, planar lenses realized by placing subwavelength nanostructures that locally impart lenslike phase shifts to the incident light, are promising as a replacement for refractive optics for their ultrathin, lightweight, and tailorable characteristics, especially for applications where payload is of significant importance. However, the requirement of fabricating up to billions of subwavelength structures for centimeter-scale metalenses can constrain size-scalability and mass-production for large lenses. In this Letter, we demonstrate a centimeter-scale, all-glass metalens capable of focusing and imaging at visible wavelength, using deep-ultraviolet (DUV) projection stepper lithography. Here, we show size-scalability and potential for mass-production by fabricating 45 metalenses of 1 cm diameter on a 4 in. fused-silica wafer. The lenses show diffraction-limited focusing behavior for any homogeneously polarized incidence at visible wavelengths. The metalens' performance is quantified by the Strehl ratio and the modulation transfer function (MTF), which are then compared with commercial refractive spherical and aspherical singlet lenses of similar size and focal length. We further explore the imaging capabilities of our metalens using a color-pixel sCMOS camera and scanning-imaging techniques, demonstrating potential applications for virtual reality (VR) devices or biological imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Suh Park
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
- Nanophotonics Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
- Laboratory of Bio-Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC) , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Alan She
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
- Singapore Heavy Engineering Pte. Ltd. , Singapore 536562 , Singapore
| | - Wei Ting Chen
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Kerolos M A Yousef
- College of Biotechnology , Misr University of Science and Technology , Giza , Egypt
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Federico Capasso
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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Abstract
Allowing subwavelength-scale-digitization of optical wavefronts to achieve complete control of light at interfaces, metasurfaces are particularly suited for the realization of planar phase-holograms that promise new applications in high-capacity information technologies. Similarly, the use of orbital angular momentum of light as a new degree of freedom for information processing can further improve the bandwidth of optical communications. However, due to the lack of orbital angular momentum selectivity in the design of conventional holograms, their utilization as an information carrier for holography has never been implemented. Here we demonstrate metasurface orbital angular momentum holography by utilizing strong orbital angular momentum selectivity offered by meta-holograms consisting of GaN nanopillars with discrete spatial frequency distributions. The reported orbital angular momentum-multiplexing allows lensless reconstruction of a range of distinctive orbital angular momentum-dependent holographic images. The results pave the way to the realization of ultrahigh-capacity holographic devices harnessing the previously inaccessible orbital angular momentum multiplexing. Conventional hologram designs lack orbital angular momentum selectivity. Here, the authors design metasurface holograms consisting of GaN nanopillars with discrete spatial frequency distributions allowing the reconstruction of distinctive orbital angular momentumdependent holographic images.
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