1
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Najarian AM, Vafaie M, Sabatini R, Wang S, Li P, Xu S, Saidaminov MI, Hoogland S, Sargent EH. 2D Hybrid Perovskites Employing an Organic Cation Paired with a Neutral Molecule. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27242-27247. [PMID: 38061040 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid perovskites harness the chemical and structural versatility of organic compounds. Here, we explore 2D perovskites that incorporate both a first organic component, a primary ammonium cation, and a second neutral organic module. Through the experimental examination of 42 organic pairs with a range of functional groups and organic backbones, we identify five crystallization scenarios that occur upon mixing. Only one leads to the cointercalation of the organic modules with distinct and extended interlayer spacing, which is observed with the aid of X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis combined with cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and elemental analysis. We present a picture in which complementary pairs, capable of forming intermolecular bonds, cocrystallize with multiple structural arrangements. These arrangements are a function of the ratio of organic content, annealing temperature, and substrate surface characteristics. We highlight how noncovalent bonds, particularly hydrogen and halogen bonding, enable the influence over the organic sublattice in hybrid halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Morteza Najarian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Maral Vafaie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Randy Sabatini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Sasa Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Peng Li
- NanoFAB, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Shihong Xu
- NanoFAB, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Makhsud I Saidaminov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
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2
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Sullivan CM, Nienhaus L. Generating spin-triplet states at the bulk perovskite/organic interface for photon upconversion. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:998-1013. [PMID: 36594272 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite-sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion (UC) holds potential for practical applications of solid-state UC ranging from photovoltaics to sensing and imaging technologies. As the triplet sensitizer, the underlying perovskite properties heavily influence the generation of spin-triplet states once interfaced with the organic annihilator molecule, typically polyacene derivatives. Presently, most reported perovskite TTA-UC systems have utilized rubrene doped with ∼1% dibenzotetraphenylperiflanthene (RubDBP) as the annihilator/emitter species. However, practical applications require a larger apparent anti-Stokes than is currently achievable with this system due to the inherent 0.4 eV energy loss during triplet generation. In this minireview, we present the current understanding of the triplet sensitization process at the perovskite/organic semiconductor interface and introduce additional promising annihilators based on anthracene derivatives into the discussion of future directions in perovskite-sensitized TTA-UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette M Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Lea Nienhaus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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3
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Zhang Q, Krisnanda T, Giovanni D, Dini K, Ye S, Feng M, Liew TCH, Sum TC. Electric Field Modulation of 2D Perovskite Excitonics. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7161-7169. [PMID: 35904326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiquantum-well (MQW) perovskite is one of the forerunners in high-efficiency perovskite LED (PeLEDs) research. Despite the rapid inroads, PeLEDs suffer from the pertinent issue of efficiency decrease with increasing brightness, commonly known as "efficiency roll-off". The underlying mechanisms are presently an open question. Herein, we explicate the E-field effects on the exciton states in the archetypal MQW perovskite (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbI4, or PEPI, in a device-like architecture using field-assisted transient spectroscopy and theoretical modeling. The applied E-field results in a complex interplay of spectral blueshifts and enhancement/quenching of the different exciton modes. The former originates from the DC Stark shift, while the latter is attributed to the E-field modulation of the transfer rates between bright/dark exciton modes. Importantly, our findings uncover crucial insights into the photophysical processes under E-field modulation contributing to efficiency roll-off in MQW PeLEDs. Electrical modulation of exciton properties presents exciting possibilities for signal processing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Tanjung Krisnanda
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - David Giovanni
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- KLA-Tencor (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., 4 Serangoon North Avenue 5, Singapore 554532, Singapore
| | - Kevin Dini
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Senyun Ye
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Minjun Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Universite Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Universite, National University of Singapore, and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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4
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Shan P, Long X. Symmetry of antiferroelectric crystals crystallized in polar point groups. IUCRJ 2022; 9:516-522. [PMID: 35844473 PMCID: PMC9252155 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522006017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Symmetry is an essential concept in physics, chemistry and materials science. Comprehensive, authoritative and accessible symmetry theory can provide a strong impetus for the development of related materials science. Through the sustained efforts of physicists and crystallographers, researchers have mastered the relationship between structural symmetry and ferroelectricity, which demands crystallization in the 10 polar point groups. However, the symmetry requirement for antiferroelectricity is still ambiguous, and polar crystals possessing antiferroelectricity seem contradictory. This work systematically and comprehensively studies the transformation of dipole moments under symmetry operations, using accessible geometric methods and group theory. The results indicate crystals that crystallize in polar point groups 2 (C 2), m (C 1h), mm2 (C 2v), 4 (C 4), 4mm (C 4v), 3m (C 3v), 6 (C 6) and 6mm (C 6v) also possess anti-polar structure and are capable of Kittel-type antiferroelectricity. The anti-polar direction of each point group is also highlighted, which could provide a straightforward guide for antiferroelectric property measurement. Like ferroelectric crystals, antiferroelectric crystals belonging to polar point groups have great potential to become a family of important multifunctional electroactive and optical materials. This contribution refines antiferroelectric theory, will help facilitate and stimulate the discovery and rational design of novel antiferroelectric crystals, and enrich the potential functional applications of antiferroelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai Shan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xifa Long
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People’s Republic of China
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Shu Y, An M, Guo P, Yuan X, Wu L, Lin Z, Chen W, Li X, Li J. Double Perovskite Ba 2LaTaO 6 for Ultrafast Fiber Lasers in Anomalous and Normal Net Dispersion Regime. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122112. [PMID: 35745451 PMCID: PMC9229686 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Double perovskites (DPs) have been attracting attention in an assortment of optoelectronic applications, for they hold advantages such as high quantum efficiency, long carrier migration distance and strong linear and nonlinear absorptions. As specific kinds of perovskites (PVKs), DPs are gifted with orthorhombic crystal structures which provide rich conversion combinations and broaden the space for research and application. However, few works have been reported about DPs in ultrafast photonics applications. In this article, a DP with chemical formula of Ba2LaTaO6 (BLT) was successfully synthesized by high-temperature solid phase method. The microstructures and morphologies were observed, and the linear and nonlinear absorption were characterized. By first using BLT as a novel saturable absorber in both normal and anomalous dispersion region fiber lasers, dual-wavelength soliton and dissipative soliton were successfully operated at C-band. This study affirms BLT’s nonlinear optical properties, lays the foundation for optical research on BLT, and meanwhile provides a meaningful reference for future development of pulsed lasers based on DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Shu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China; (Y.S.); (P.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Mingqi An
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;
| | - Penglai Guo
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China; (Y.S.); (P.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xun Yuan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China; (Y.S.); (P.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Leiming Wu
- Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology, School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Zhitao Lin
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China; (Y.S.); (P.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
| | - Weicheng Chen
- Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (X.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaohui Li
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (X.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianqing Li
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China; (Y.S.); (P.G.); (X.Y.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (X.L.); (J.L.)
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6
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Jahanbakhshian MM, Kiani MA, Arshadi Pirlar M, Karimzadeh R. Giant electro-optic coefficient in a graphene oxide film. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:2798-2801. [PMID: 35648933 DOI: 10.1364/ol.451503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The electro-optic effect is an important mechanism for actively tuning the refractive index of materials. This effect has various important applications in communication, switching, modulation, and nonlinear optics. This research measured the quadratic electro-optic coefficient for a graphene oxide (GO) film with ellipsometry spectroscopy. The results show that this coefficient is about three orders of magnitude greater than that of other materials. The GO film with its giant electro-optic Kerr coefficient can improve devices based on this effect. For example, it can decrease power consumption and the complexity of these devices due to the need for a lower electric field. In addition, birefringence is obtained of about Δn = 0.08 at 730 nm, which can lead to promising improvements in commercial devices, such as the reduction of working voltage below 10 V.
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7
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Guo L, Liu X, Gao L, Wang X, Zhao L, Zhang W, Wang S, Pan C, Yang Z. Ferro-Pyro-Phototronic Effect in Monocrystalline 2D Ferroelectric Perovskite for High-Sensitive, Self-Powered, and Stable Ultraviolet Photodetector. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1280-1290. [PMID: 34995467 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2D hybrid perovskite ferroelectrics have drawn great attention in the field of photodetection, because the spontaneous polarization-induced built-in electric field can separate electron-hole pairs, and makes self-powered photodetection possible. However, most of the 2D hybrid perovskite-based photodetectors focused on the detection of visible light, and only a few reports realized the self-powered and sensitive ultraviolet (UV) detection using wide bandgap hybrid perovskites. Here, 2D ferroelectric PMA2PbCl4 monocrystalline microbelt (MMB)-based PDs are demonstrated. By using the ferro-pyro-phototronic effect, the self-powered Ag/Bi/2D PMA2PbCl4 MMB/Bi/Ag PDs show a high photoresponsivity up to 9 A/W under 320 nm laser illumination, which is much higher than those of previously reported self-powered UV PDs. Compared with responsivity induced by the photovoltaic effect, the responsivity induced by the ferro-pyro-phototronic effect is 128 times larger. The self-powered PD also shows fast response and recovery speed, with the rise time and fall time of 162 and 226 μs, respectively. More importantly, the 2D PMA2PbCl4 MMB-based PDs with Bi/Ag electrode exhibit significant stability when subjected to high humidity, continuous laser illumination, and thermal conditions. Our findings would shed light on the ferro-pyro-phototronic-effect-based devices, and provide a good method for high-performance UV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjuan Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Linjie Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xinzhan Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Optic-Electronic Information and Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of New Energy Photoelectric Devices, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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8
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Wang G, Mei S, Liao J, Wang W, Tang Y, Zhang Q, Tang Z, Wu B, Xing G. Advances of Nonlinear Photonics in Low-Dimensional Halide Perovskites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100809. [PMID: 34121324 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid halide perovskites emerging as a highly promising class of functional materials for semiconductor optoelectronic applications have drawn great attention from worldwide researchers. In the past few years, prominent nonlinear optical properties have been demonstrated in perovskite bulk structures indicating their bright prospect in the field of nonlinear optics (NLO). Following the surge of 3D perovskites, more recently, the low-dimensional perovskites (LDPs) materials ranging from two-, one-, to zero-dimension such as quantum-wells or colloidal nanostructures have displayed unexpectedly attractive NLO response due to the strong quantum confinement, remarkable exciton effect, and structural diversity. In this perspective, the current state of the art is reviewed in the field of NLO for LDP materials. The relationship between confinement effect and NLO is analyzed systematically to give a comprehensive understanding of the function of dimension reduction. Furthermore, future directions and challenges toward the improvement of the NLO in LDP materials are discussed to provide an outlook in this rapidly developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Shiliang Mei
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zikang Tang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, P. R. China
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9
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Ghimire S, Klinke C. Two-dimensional halide perovskites: synthesis, optoelectronic properties, stability, and applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12394-12422. [PMID: 34240087 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02769g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are promising materials for light-emitting and light-harvesting applications. In this context, two-dimensional perovskites such as nanoplatelets or Ruddlesden-Popper and Dion-Jacobson layered structures are important because of their structural flexibility, electronic confinement, and better stability. This review article brings forth an extensive overview of the recent developments of two-dimensional halide perovskites both in the colloidal and non-colloidal forms. We outline the strategy to synthesize and control the shape and discuss different crystalline phases and optoelectronic properties. We review the applications of two-dimensional perovskites in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, lasers, photodetectors, and photocatalysis. Besides, we also emphasize the moisture, thermal, and photostability of these materials in comparison to their three-dimensional analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Ghimire
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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10
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Wang F, Huber L, Maehrlein SF, Zhu XY. Optical Anisotropy and Phase Transitions in Lead Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5016-5022. [PMID: 34018751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical anisotropy originates from crystalline structures with low symmetry and governs the polarization-dependent light propagation. Optical anisotropy is particularly important to lead halide perovskites that have been under intense investigation for optoelectronic and photonic applications, as this group of materials possesses rich structural phases that deviate from the high-symmetry cubic phase. Here we apply 2D optical Kerr effect spectroscopy to quantify the optical anisotropy in single-crystal methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3). We determine the strong photon energy dependence of optical anisotropy near the band gap and show the dramatic change in optical anisotropy across phase transitions. We correlate the optical anisotropy with the structural anisotropy and demonstrate the tuning of optical anisotropy by alloyed CsxMA1-xPbBr3 perovskite crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Lucas Huber
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sebastian F Maehrlein
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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11
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Gao Y, Meshkat S, Johnston A, Zheng C, Walters G, Feng Q, Wang X, Sun MJ, Najarian AM, Xue D, Wang YK, Saidaminov MI, Voznyy O, Hoogland S, Sargent EH. Electro-Optic Modulation Using Metal-Free Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19042-19047. [PMID: 33856188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electro-optic (EO) modulation is of interest to impart information onto an optical carrier. Inorganic crystals-most notably LiNbO3 and BaTiO3-exhibit EO modulation and good stability, but are difficult to integrate with silicon photonic technology. Solution-processed organic EO materials are readily integrated but suffer from thermal degradation at the temperatures required in operating conditions for accelerated reliability studies. Hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites have the potential to overcome these limitations; however, these have so far relied on heavy metals such as lead and cadmium. Here, we report linear EO modulation using metal-free perovskites, which maintain the crystalline features of the inorganic EO materials and incorporate the flexible functionality of organic EO chromophores. We find that, by introducing a deficiency of cations, we reduce the symmetry in the perovskite crystal and produce thereby an increased EO response. The best-engineered perovskites reported herein showcase an EO coefficient of 14 pm V-1 at a modulation frequency of 80 kHz, an order of magnitude higher than in the nondefective materials. We observe split peaks in the X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction patterns of the defective sample, indicating that the crystalline structure has been distorted and the symmetry reduced. Density functional theory (DFT) studies link this decreased symmetry to NH4+ deficiencies. This demonstration of EO from metal-free perovskites highlights their potential in next-generation optical information transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Shadi Meshkat
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1065 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Andrew Johnston
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Grant Walters
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Qixin Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Meng-Jia Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Amin Morteza Najarian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Dingjiang Xue
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Ya-Kun Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Makhsud I Saidaminov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Oleksandr Voznyy
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1065 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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12
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Dong G, Fan H, Jia Y, Li M, Zhang S. Electro-mechano-optical properties of the Er3+ modified Bi0.5Na0.4K0.1TiO3 versatile ceramics. Ann Ital Chir 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Wei Y, Ma T, Chen J, Zhao M, Zeng H. Metal Halide Perovskites for Optical Parametric Modulation. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3090-3098. [PMID: 33752334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted considerable academic and industrial attention because of their remarkable optoelectronic properties. The development of optical parametric modulation is urgently needed because it plays an important role in display applications and optical communication. Perovskites can become the bridge between materials and optics. Through changing the composition and nanostructure of perovskites, we can modulate optical parameters, including optical intensity, frequency, polarization, and phase. This Perspective provides a brief introduction to this field and summarizes the methods of modulating optical parameters. It is instructive for building a relationship between perovskite nanostructures and optics, which is meaningful for display technologies and optical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingyou Zhao
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Haibo Zeng
- Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Chen TP, Lin JX, Lin CC, Lin CY, Ke WC, Wang DY, Hsu HS, Chen CC, Chen CW. Strong Excitonic Magneto-Optic Effects in Two-Dimensional Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10279-10286. [PMID: 33599486 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the strong excitonic magneto-optic (MO) effects of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and Faraday rotation (FR) in nonmagnetic two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) at room temperature. Due to their strong and sharp excitonic absorption as a result of unique quantum well structures of 2D RPPs, sizeable linear excitonic MO effects of MCD and FR can be observed at room temperature under a low magnetic field (<1 T) compared with their three-dimensional counterpart. In addition, since the band gaps of 2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites can be manipulated either by changing the number n of inorganic octahedral slabs per unit cell or through halide engineering, linear excitonic MO effects of 2D-RPPs can be observed through the broadband spectral ranges of visible light. Our result may pave the way for the promising research field of MO and magneto-optoelectronic applications based on 2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites with facile solution processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Pei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Xiao Lin
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Lin
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University (NTU-MST), Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - We-Chen Ke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Di-Yan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University (NTU-MST), Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials (AI-MAT), National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Decoding ultrafast polarization responses in lead halide perovskites by the two-dimensional optical Kerr effect. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022268118. [PMID: 33558241 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022268118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultrafast polarization response to incident light and ensuing exciton/carrier generation are essential to outstanding optoelectronic properties of lead halide perovskites (LHPs). A large number of mechanistic studies in the LHP field to date have focused on contributions to polarizability from organic cations and the highly polarizable inorganic lattice. For a comprehensive understanding of the ultrafast polarization response, we must additionally account for the nearly instantaneous hyperpolarizability response to the propagating light field itself. While light propagation is pivotal to optoelectronics and photonics, little is known about this in LHPs in the vicinity of the bandgap where stimulated emission, polariton condensation, superfluorescence, and photon recycling may take place. Here we develop two-dimensional optical Kerr effect (2D-OKE) spectroscopy to energetically dissect broadband light propagation and dispersive nonlinear polarization responses in LHPs. In contrast to earlier interpretations, the below-bandgap OKE responses in both hybrid CH3NH3PbBr3 and all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskites are found to originate from strong hyperpolarizability and highly anisotropic dispersions. In both materials, the nonlinear mixing of anisotropically propagating light fields results in convoluted oscillatory polarization dynamics. Based on a four-wave mixing model, we quantitatively derive dispersion anisotropies, reproduce 2D-OKE frequency correlations, and establish polarization-dressed light propagation in single-crystal LHPs. Moreover, our findings highlight the importance of distinguishing the often-neglected anisotropic light propagation from underlying coherent quasiparticle responses in various forms of ultrafast spectroscopy.
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Liang Z, Ding W, Zhao R, Huang Y, Kong M, Chen T. Design and Characteristics of an Optofluidic Phase Modulator Based on Dielectrowetting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:769-773. [PMID: 33401905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an optofluidic phase modulator based on dielectrowetting is designed and fabricated to adjust the optical phase. Two liquids are filled in the device, and a transparent sheet is employed at the liquid interface to keep the interface flat. When different voltages are applied to the modulator, the flat interface moves up and down, leading to the variation of the optical phase. A theoretical model is constructed to predict the optical phase shift quantitatively, and the phase regulation ability is also tested experimentally. Our modulator realizes continuous adjustment of the optical phase in a certain range by the operation of voltage adjustment. When the voltage is increased to 150 V, the optical phase modulation range of our proposed modulator can reach 9.366 π.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongcheng Liang
- The Microfluidic Optical Technology Research Center, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenxuan Ding
- The Microfluidic Optical Technology Research Center, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- The Microfluidic Optical Technology Research Center, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yayan Huang
- The Microfluidic Optical Technology Research Center, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meimei Kong
- The Microfluidic Optical Technology Research Center, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Chen
- The Microfluidic Optical Technology Research Center, School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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Sun MJ, Zheng C, Gao Y, Johnston A, Najarian AM, Wang PX, Voznyy O, Hoogland S, Sargent EH. Linear Electro-Optic Modulation in Highly Polarizable Organic Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006368. [PMID: 33325577 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrical-to-optical signal conversion is widely employed in information technology and is implemented using on-chip optical modulators. State-of-the-art modulator technologies are incompatible with silicon manufacturing techniques: inorganic nonlinear crystals such as LiNbO3 are integrated with silicon photonic chips only using complex approaches, and hybrid silicon-LiNbO3 optical modulators show either low bandwidth or high operating voltage. Organic perovskites are solution-processed materials readily integrated with silicon photonics; and organic molecules embedded within the perovskite scaffold allow in principle for high polarizability. However, it is found that the large molecules required for high polarizability also require an increase of the size of the perovskite cavity: specifically, using the highly polarizable DR2+ (R = H, F, Cl) in the A site necessitates the exploration of new X-site options. Only by introducing BF4 - as the X-site molecule is it possible to synthesize (DCl)(NH4 )(BF4 )3 , a material exhibiting a linear EO coefficient of 20 pm V-1 , which is 10 times higher than that of metal halide perovskites and is a 1.5 fold enhancement compared to reported organic perovskites. The EO response of the organic perovskite approaches that of LiNbO3 (reff ≈ 30 pm V-1 ) and highlights the promise of rationally designed organic perovskites for use in efficient EO modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jia Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Andrew Johnston
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Amin Morteza Najarian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Pei-Xi Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Oleksandr Voznyy
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, 1065 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
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Ercan E, Liu CL, Chen WC. Nano-Micro Dimensional Structures of Fiber-Shaped Luminous Halide Perovskite Composites for Photonic and Optoelectronic Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000157. [PMID: 32608544 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite nanomaterials have been revealed as highly luminescent structures regarding their dimensional confinement. In particular, their promising potential lies behind remarkable luminescent properties, including color tunability, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and the narrow emission band of halide perovskite (HP) nanostructures for optoelectronic and photonic applications such as lightning and displaying operations. However, HP nanomaterials possess such drawbacks, including oxygen, moisture, temperature, or UV lights, which limit their practical applications. Recently, HP-containing polymer composite fibers have gained much attention owing to the spatial distribution and alignment of HPs with high mechanical strength and ambient stability in addition to their remarkable optical properties comparable to that of nanocrystals. In this review, the fabrication methods for preparing nano-microdimensional HP composite fiber structures are described. Various advantages of the luminescent composite nanofibers are also described, followed by their applications for photonic and optoelectronic devices including sensors, polarizers, waveguides, lasers, light-down converters, light-emitting diode operations, etc. Finally, future directions and remaining challenges of HP-based nanofibers are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ender Ercan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Research Center of Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Research Center of Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Adnan M, Rao KN, Acharyya JN, Kumar D, Dehury KM, Prakash GV. Synthesis, Structural, Linear, and Nonlinear Optical Studies of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Semiconductors (R-C 6H 4CHCH 3NH 3) 2PbI 4, (R = CH 3, Cl). ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19565-19572. [PMID: 31788586 PMCID: PMC6881839 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis, crystal structure, and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) layered structurally slightly different inorganic-organic (IO) hybrid semiconductors (R-C6H4C2H4NH3)2PbI4 (R = CH3, Cl) are presented. They are naturally self-assembled systems where two (RNH3)+ moieties are sandwiched between two infinitely extended 2D layers of the [PbI6]4- octahedral network and treated as natural IO multiple quantum wells. While the former compound crystallizes into an orthorhombic system in the Cmc21 space group, the latter crystallizes into a monoclinic system in the space group P21/c. As a thin film, they are well-oriented along the (l00) direction. Both single crystals and thin films show strong room-temperature Mott type exciton features that are highly sensitive to the self-assembly and crystal packing. Linear (one-photon) and nonlinear (two-photon) optical probing of single crystals for exciton photoluminescence imaging and spectral spatial mapping provide deep insight into the layered re-arrangement and structural crumpling due to organic conformation. The strongly confined excitons, within the lowest band gap of inorganic, show distinctly different one- and two-photon excited photoluminescence peaks: free excitons from perfectly aligned 2D self-assembly and energy down-shifted excitons originated from the locally crumpled layered arrangement. Their structural aspects are successfully presented with proper correlation that emphasize various differences in physical and optical properties associated between these novel IO hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Adnan
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Kotla Nageswara Rao
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra Nath Acharyya
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Kshetra Mohan Dehury
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - G. Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, New Delhi, India
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