1
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Zhang Y, Allen A, Petrek ZJ, Cao HH, Kumar D, Goodlad MC, Martinez VG, Singh J, Zhang JZ, Ye T. Formation of Linear Plasmonic Heterotrimers Using Nanoparticle Docking to DNA Origami Cages. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:11699-11708. [PMID: 39050926 PMCID: PMC11264316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The fabrication of complex assemblies with interesting collective properties from plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) is often challenging. While DNA-directed self-assembly has emerged as one of the most promising approaches to forming such complex assemblies, the resulting structures tend to have large variability in gap sizes and shapes, as the DNA strands used to organize these particles are flexible, and the polydispersity of the NPs leads to variability in these critical structural features. Here, we use a new strategy termed docking to DNA origami cages (D-DOC) to organize spherical NPs into a linear heterotrimer with a precisely defined geometrical arrangement. Instead of binding NPs to the exterior of the DNA templates, D-DOC binds the NPs to either the interior or the opening of a 3D cage, which significantly reduces the variability of critical structural features by incorporating multiple diametrically arranged capture strands to tether NPs. Additionally, such a spatial arrangement of the capture strand can work synergistically with shape complementarity to achieve tighter confinement. To assemble NPs via D-DOC, we developed a multistep assembly process that first encapsulates an NP inside a cage and then binds two other NPs to the openings. Microscopic characterization shows low variability in the bond angles and gap sizes. Both UV-vis absorption and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements showed strong plasmonic coupling that aligned with predictions by electrodynamic simulations, further confirming the precision of the assembly. These results suggest D-DOC could open new opportunities in biomolecular sensing, SERS and fluorescence spectroscopies, and energy harvesting through the self-assembly of NPs into more complex 3D assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehan Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - A’Lester
C. Allen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Zachary J. Petrek
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Huan H. Cao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Devanshu Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Melissa C. Goodlad
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Vianna G. Martinez
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Jasdip Singh
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Jin Z. Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Tao Ye
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Merced, California 95343, United States
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2
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Mirkin CA, Petrosko SH. Inspired Beyond Nature: Three Decades of Spherical Nucleic Acids and Colloidal Crystal Engineering with DNA. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16291-16307. [PMID: 37584399 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The conception, synthesis, and invention of a nanostructure, now known as the spherical nucleic acid, or SNA, in 1996 marked the advent of a new field of chemistry. Over the past three decades, the SNA and its analogous anisotropic equivalents have provided an avenue for us to think about some of the most fundamental concepts in chemistry in new ways and led to technologies that are significantly impacting fields from medicine to materials science. A prime example is colloidal crystal engineering with DNA, the framework for using SNAs and related structures to synthesize programmable matter. Herein, we document the evolution of this framework, which was initially inspired by nature, and describe how it now allows researchers to chart paths to move beyond it, as programmable matter with real-world significance is envisioned and created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sarah Hurst Petrosko
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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3
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Liu M, Yang M, Wan X, Tang Z, Jiang L, Wang S. From Nanoscopic to Macroscopic Materials by Stimuli-Responsive Nanoparticle Aggregation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208995. [PMID: 36409139 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanoparticle (NP) aggregation plays an increasingly important role in regulating NP assembly into microscopic superstructures, macroscopic 2D, and 3D functional materials. Diverse external stimuli are widely used to adjust the aggregation of responsive NPs, such as light, temperature, pH, electric, and magnetic fields. Many unique structures based on responsive NPs are constructed including disordered aggregates, ordered superlattices, structural droplets, colloidosomes, and bulk solids. In this review, the strategies for NP aggregation by external stimuli, and their recent progress ranging from nanoscale aggregates, microscale superstructures to macroscale bulk materials along the length scales as well as their applications are summarized. The future opportunities and challenges for designing functional materials through NP aggregation at different length scales are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Man Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xizi Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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4
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Landy KM, Gibson KJ, Chan RR, Pietryga J, Weigand S, Mirkin CA. Programming Nucleation and Growth in Colloidal Crystals Using DNA. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6480-6487. [PMID: 36995781 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal crystal engineering with DNA has advanced beyond controlling the lattice symmetry and parameters of ordered crystals to now tuning crystal habit and size. However, the predominately used slow-cooling procedure that enables faceted crystal habits also limits control over crystal size and uniformity because nucleation and growth cannot be separated. Here, we explore how DNA sequence design can be used to deliberately separate nucleation and growth in a given crystallization process. Specifically, two batches of complementary particles are created with one batch exhibiting perfectly complementary base pairs while the other has a strategically introduced mismatch. This design enables the weaker binding "growth" particles to participate in heterogeneous growth on the nucleates formed from the stronger binding "seed" particles, effectively eliminating secondary nucleation pathways. By eliminating secondary nucleation events, this approach improves crystal uniformity, as measured by polydispersity (from PDI = 0.201 to 0.091). By using this approach with two different particle cores (gold and silver), we show how core-shell colloidal crystals can be synthesized in a one-pot fashion. This work shows how tuning DNA interaction strength can profoundly impact crystal size, uniformity, and structure, parameters central to using such materials as device components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Landy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kyle J Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rachel R Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jacob Pietryga
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Steven Weigand
- DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT), Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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5
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Anwar S, Mir F, Yokota T. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Using Cell-Penetrating Peptide Conjugation, Chemical Modification, and Carrier-Based Delivery Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041130. [PMID: 37111616 PMCID: PMC10140998 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based therapies are a promising approach for treating a wide range of hard-to-treat diseases, particularly genetic and rare diseases. These therapies involve the use of short synthetic sequences of DNA or RNA that can modulate gene expression or inhibit proteins through various mechanisms. Despite the potential of these therapies, a significant barrier to their widespread use is the difficulty in ensuring their uptake by target cells/tissues. Strategies to overcome this challenge include cell-penetrating peptide conjugation, chemical modification, nanoparticle formulation, and the use of endogenous vesicles, spherical nucleic acids, and smart material-based delivery vehicles. This article provides an overview of these strategies and their potential for the efficient delivery of oligonucleotide drugs, as well as the safety and toxicity considerations, regulatory requirements, and challenges in translating these therapies from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Anwar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Farin Mir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Toshifumi Yokota
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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6
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Brisbois CA, Olvera de la Cruz M. Positional ordering induced by dynamic steric interactions in superparamagnetic rods. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:851-857. [PMID: 36632843 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01519f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic motion produced by precessing magnetic fields can drive matter into far-from-equilibrium states. We predict 1D periodic ordering in systems of precessing rods when magnetic interactions between rods remain insignificant. The precession angle of the rods is completely determined by the field's precession angle and the ratio of the field's precession frequency and the characteristic response frequency of the rods. We develop a molecular dynamics model that explicitly calculates magnetic interactions between particles, and we also simulate rods in the limit of a strong and fast precessing magnetic field where inter-rod magnetic interactions are negligible, using a purely steric model. Our simulations show how steric interactions drive the rods from a positionally disordered phase (nematic) to a layered (smectic) phase. As the rod precession angle increases, the nematic-smectic transition density significantly decreases. The minimization of unfavorable steric interactions also induces phase separation in binary mixtures of rods of different lengths. This effect is general to any force that produces precession in elongated particles. This work will advance the understanding and control of out-of-equilibrium soft matter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase Austyn Brisbois
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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7
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Zhang Y, Tang H, Wang R. Controlling the two components modified on nanoparticles to construct nanomaterials. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8213-8222. [PMID: 36285648 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00877g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle self-assembly technology has made great progress in the past 30 years. Many kinds of self-assembly strategies of modifiable nanoparticles have been developed and used to construct nano-aggregates by designing the shape, size and type of nanoparticles and controlling the components modified on nanoparticles. These strategies are widely used in many fields, such as medical diagnosis, biological detection, drug delivery, materials synthesis and sensors. The modified components can be DNA chains, polymer chains, proteins, and even organic molecules based on different molecular conformations and chemical properties. In recent years, the self-assembly of two-component modified nanoparticles has gradually attracted more attention. Nanoparticles modified with two components of different DNA strands can self-assemble to produce a variety of nano arrangement structures, such as BCC, FCC and other cubic crystals, which can be used in crystal materials. Two-component modification of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers can produce vesicular aggregates, which can be used for drug delivery. In this review, we summarize the latest experimental progress and theoretical simulation of self-assembly of two-component modified nanoparticles including different DNA chains, different polymer chains, DNA and polymer chains, proteins and polymer chains, and different organic molecules. Their self-assembly characteristics and application prospects were discussed. Compared with single-component modified nanoparticles, two-component nanoparticles have different tethered molecules or molecular chains, which can be multifunctional by regulating different modified components and types of nanoparticles and ultimately expand the scope of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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8
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Gao Y, Liu K, Lakerveld R, Ding X. Staged Assembly of Colloids Using DNA and Acoustofluidics. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6907-6915. [PMID: 35984231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of DNA-coated colloids (DNACCs) provides a practical route to programming complex self-assembled materials at the micro/nanoscale. So far, the programmability of DNACC assembly has been extensively exploited internally using different DNA sequences or colloid geometry so that the assembly is mainly manipulated with single-particle spatial resolution such as in crystallization. In this Letter, we present an acoustic approach to externally programming the DNACC assembly with control of spatial resolution over larger scales. We demonstrate assembly of the DNACCs under different acoustic frequencies from stage to stage to produce hierarchical structures that are difficult to fabricate when using DNA coating alone. By programming the acoustic wave frequency, amplitude, and phase, colloidal structures with different morphologies can be assembled. The nonspecific driving force based on acoustic radiation forces at each stage allows our approach to be adopted for most colloidal systems without specific requirements on particle or medium properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kun Liu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Richard Lakerveld
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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9
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Mostarac D, Xiong Y, Gang O, Kantorovich S. Nanopolymers for magnetic applications: how to choose the architecture? NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11139-11151. [PMID: 35771156 PMCID: PMC9367751 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01502a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Directional assembly of nanoscale objects results in morphologies that can broadly be classified as supra-molecular nanopolymers. Such morphologies, given a functional choice of the monomers used as building blocks, can be of ubiquitous utility in optical, magnetic, rheological, and medical applications. These applications, however, require a profound understanding of the interplay between monomer shape and bonding on one side, and polymeric properties - on the other. Recently, we fabricated nanopolymers using cuboid DNA nanochambers, as they not only allow fine-tuning of the resulting morphologies but can also carry magnetic nanoparticles. However, it is not known if the cuboid shape and inter-cuboid connectivity restrict the equilibrium confirmations of the resulting nanopolymers, making them less responsive to external stimuli. In this work, using Molecular Dynamics simulations, we perform an extensive comparison between various nanopolymer architectures to explore their polymeric properties, and their response to an applied magnetic field if magnetic nanoparticles are embedded. We explain the impact of monomer shape and bonding on the mechanical and magnetic properties and show that DNA nanochambers can build highly responsive and magnetically controllable nanopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Mostarac
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Research Platform MMM Mathematics-Magnetism-Materials, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Oleg Gang
- Columbia University, New York, USA
- Brookhaven National Laboratories, New York, USA
| | - Sofia Kantorovich
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Mostarac D, Kantorovich SS. Rheology of a Nanopolymer Synthesized through Directional Assembly of DNA Nanochambers, for Magnetic Applications. Macromolecules 2022; 55:6462-6473. [PMID: 35966117 PMCID: PMC9367010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We present a numerical study of the effects of monomer
shape and
magnetic nature of colloids on the behavior of a single magnetic filament
subjected to the simultaneous action of shear flow and a stationary
external magnetic field perpendicular to the flow. We find that based
on the magnetic nature of monomers, magnetic filaments exhibit a completely
different phenomenology. Applying an external magnetic field strongly
inhibits tumbling only for filaments with ferromagnetic monomers.
Filament orientation with respect to the flow direction is in this
case independent of monomer shape. In contrast, reorientational dynamics
in filaments with superparamagnetic monomers are not inhibited by
applied magnetic fields, but enhanced. We find that the filaments
with spherical, superparamagnetic monomers, depending on the flow
and external magnetic field strength, assume semipersistent, collapsed,
coiled conformations, and their characteristic time of tumbling is
a function of field strength. However, external magnetic fields do
not affect the characteristic time of tumbling for filaments with
cubic, superparamagnetic monomers, but increase how often tumbling
occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Mostarac
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform MMM Mathematics-Magnetism-Materials, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofia S. Kantorovich
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Wu B, Zhao S, Yang X, Zhou L, Ma Y, Zhang H, Li W, Wang H. Biomimetic Heterodimerization of Tetrapeptides to Generate Liquid Crystalline Hydrogel in A Two-Component System. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4126-4138. [PMID: 35230089 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic structures made by hierarchical self-assembly and crystallization play an essential role in the living system. However, the spontaneous formation of liquid crystalline hydrogel of low molecular weight organic molecules with controlled properties remains challenging. This work describes a rational design of tetrapeptide without N-terminal modification and chemical conjugation that utilizes intermolecular interactions to drive the formation of nanofiber bundles in a two-component system, which could not be accessed by a single component. The diameter of nanofibers can be simply controlled by varying the enantiomer of electrostatic pairs. Mutation of lysine (K) to arginine (R) results in an over 30-fold increase of mechanical property. Mechanistic studies using different techniques unravel the mechanism of self-assembly and formation of anisotropic liquid crystalline domains. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the mixture of heterochiral peptides self-assembles into a nanofiber with a larger width compared to the homochiral assemblies due to the different stacking pattern and intermolecular interactions. The intermolecular interactions show an obvious increase by substituting the K with R, facilitating a more stable assembly and further altering the assembly mechanics and bulk material properties. Moreover, we also demonstrated that the hydrogel properties can be easily controlled by incorporating a light-responsive group. This work provides a method to generate the liquid crystalline hydrogel from isotropic monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xuejiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Laicheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province China
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12
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Harraq A, Choudhury BD, Bharti B. Field-Induced Assembly and Propulsion of Colloids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:3001-3016. [PMID: 35238204 PMCID: PMC8928473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Electric and magnetic fields have enabled both technological applications and fundamental discoveries in the areas of bottom-up material synthesis, dynamic phase transitions, and biophysics of living matter. Electric and magnetic fields are versatile external sources of energy that power the assembly and self-propulsion of colloidal particles. In this Invited Feature Article, we classify the mechanisms by which external fields impact the structure and dynamics in colloidal dispersions and augment their nonequilibrium behavior. The paper is purposely intended to highlight the similarities between electrically and magnetically actuated phenomena, providing a brief treatment of the origin of the two fields to understand the intrinsic analogies and differences. We survey the progress made in the static and dynamic assembly of colloids and the self-propulsion of active particles. Recent reports of assembly-driven propulsion and propulsion-driven assembly have blurred the conceptual boundaries and suggest an evolution in the research of nonequilibrium colloidal materials. We highlight the emergence of colloids powered by external fields as model systems to understand living matter and provide a perspective on future challenges in the area of field-induced colloidal phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed
Al Harraq
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Brishty Deb Choudhury
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Bhuvnesh Bharti
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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13
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Lee MS, Yee DW, Ye M, Macfarlane RJ. Nanoparticle Assembly as a Materials Development Tool. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3330-3346. [PMID: 35171596 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle assembly is a complex and versatile method of generating new materials, capable of using thousands of different combinations of particle size, shape, composition, and ligand chemistry to generate a library of unique structures. Here, a history of particle self-assembly as a strategy for materials discovery is presented, focusing on key advances in both synthesis and measurement of emergent properties to describe the current state of the field. Several key challenges for further advancement of nanoparticle assembly are also outlined, establishing a roadmap of critical research areas to enable the next generation of nanoparticle-based materials synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret S Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 13-5056 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daryl W Yee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 13-5056 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 13-5056 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert J Macfarlane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 13-5056 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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14
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Landy KM, Gibson KJ, Urbach ZJ, Park SS, Roth EW, Weigand S, Mirkin CA. Programming "Atomic Substitution" in Alloy Colloidal Crystals Using DNA. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:280-285. [PMID: 34978818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although examples of colloidal crystal analogues to metal alloys have been reported, general routes for preparing 3D analogues to random substitutional alloys do not exist. Here, we use the programmability of DNA (length and sequence) to match nanoparticle component sizes, define parent lattice symmetry and substitutional order, and achieve faceted crystal habits. We synthesized substitutional alloy colloidal crystals with either ordered or random arrangements of two components (Au and Fe3O4 nanoparticles) within an otherwise identical parent lattice and crystal habit, confirmed via scanning electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveals information regarding composition and local order, while the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles can direct different structural outcomes for different alloys in an applied magnetic field. This work constitutes a platform for independently defining substitution within multicomponent colloidal crystals, a capability that will expand the scope of functional materials that can be realized through programmable assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Landy
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Kyle J Gibson
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Zachary J Urbach
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Sarah S Park
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Eric W Roth
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Steven Weigand
- DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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15
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Mashiyama Y, Maruyama H, Satou E, Fujimori A. Spherical Particle Formation that Deteriorates Thixotropic Property and its Suppression Strategy for Diamide-Based Additives having Two-Hydrocarbons. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:505-514. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mashiyama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Haruka Maruyama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
| | - Eiichi Satou
- R & D Dept. Laboratory Additive Unit, Kusumoto Chemicals Ltd
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16
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Xiong Y, Lin Z, Mostarac D, Minevich B, Peng Q, Zhu G, Sánchez PA, Kantorovich S, Ke Y, Gang O. Divalent Multilinking Bonds Control Growth and Morphology of Nanopolymers. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10547-10554. [PMID: 34647751 PMCID: PMC8704199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of nanoscale objects into linear architectures resembling molecular polymers is a basic organization resulting from divalent interactions. Such linear architectures occur for particles with two binding patches on opposite sides, known as Janus particles. However, unlike molecular systems where valence bonds can be envisioned as pointlike interactions nanoscale patches are often realized through multiple molecular linkages. The relationship between the characteristics of these linkages, the resulting interpatch connectivity, and assembly morphology is not well-explored. Here, we investigate assembly behavior of model divalent nanomonomers, DNA nanocuboid with tailorable multilinking bonds. Our study reveals that the characteristics of individual molecular linkages and their collective properties have a profound effect on nanomonomer reactivity and resulting morphologies. Beyond linear nanopolymers, a common signature of divalent nanomonomers, we observe an effective valence increase as linkages lengthened, leading to the nanopolymer bundling. The experimental findings are rationalized by molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Deniz Mostarac
- Computational
and Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- MMM
Mathematics-Magnetism-Materials, Research Platform, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brian Minevich
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Qiuyuan Peng
- Department
of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Guolong Zhu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Pedro A. Sánchez
- Computational
and Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofia Kantorovich
- Computational
and Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Mathematical and Theoretical Physics, Institute of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620026, Russia
- MMM
Mathematics-Magnetism-Materials, Research Platform, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yonggang Ke
- Wallace H.
Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Oleg Gang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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17
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Padilla LA, León-Islas AA, Funkhouser J, Armas-Pérez JC, Ramírez-Hernández A. Dynamics and phase behavior of two-dimensional size-asymmetric binary mixtures of core-softened colloids. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:214901. [PMID: 34879672 DOI: 10.1063/5.0067449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of binary colloidal mixtures provides a bottom-up approach to create novel functional materials. To elucidate the effect of composition, temperature, and pressure on the self-assembly behavior of size-asymmetric mixtures, we performed extensive dynamics simulations of a simple model of polymer-grafted colloids. We have used a core-softened interaction potential and extended it to represent attractive interactions between unlike colloids and repulsions between like colloids. Our study focused on size-asymmetric mixtures where the ratio between the sizes of the colloidal cores was fixed at σBσA=0.5. We have performed extensive simulations in the isothermal-isobaric and canonical (NVT) ensembles to elucidate the phase behavior and dynamics of mixtures with different stoichiometric ratios. Our simulation results uncovered a rich phase behavior, including the formation of hierarchical structures with many potential applications. For compositions where small colloids are the majority, sublattice melting occurs for a wide range of densities. Under these conditions, large colloids form a well-defined lattice, whereas small colloids can diffuse through the system. As the temperature is decreased, the small colloids localize, akin to a metal-insulator transition, with the small colloids playing a role similar to electrons. Our results are summarized in terms of phase diagrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Padilla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Andres A León-Islas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Jesse Funkhouser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Julio C Armas-Pérez
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Loma del Bosque 103, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, CP 37150 León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Abelardo Ramírez-Hernández
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
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18
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Kubiak JM, Morje AP, Lewis DJ, Wilson SL, Macfarlane RJ. Dynamic Manipulation of DNA-Programmed Crystals Embedded in a Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11215-11223. [PMID: 33645965 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c23097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA is a powerful tool for programming the three-dimensional organization of nanomaterials, where the specificity of nucleotide base-pairing can enable precise, complex, and dynamically addressable structures like colloidal crystals. However, because these DNA-programmed materials are often only stable in solution, their organization can be easily disrupted by changes to its local environment. Methods to stabilize these materials have been developed, but often come at the expense of altering or permanently fixing the materials' structures, removing many of the benefits of using DNA interactions to program assembly. Thus, these methods limit the application of DNA-assembled structures as dynamic and programmable material components. Here, a method is presented to resolve these drawbacks for DNA-grafted nanoparticles, also known as Programmable Atom Equivalents (PAEs), by embedding assembled lattices within a hydrogel matrix. The preformed lattices are exposed to polymerizable residues that electrostatically bind to the charged backbone of the DNA ligands and form a continuous, permeating gel network that stabilizes the colloidal crystals upon introduction of a radical initiator. After embedding PAEs in a hydrogel, deformation of the macroscopic matrix results in concomitant deformation of the PAE lattices, allowing superlattice structural changes to be induced by chemical methods (such as changing solute concentration to alter swelling pressure) or by application of mechanical strain. Changes to the structure of the PAE lattices are reversible and repeatable over multiple cycles and can be either isotropic (such as by swelling) or anisotropic (such as by mechanical deformation). This method of embedding nanoparticle crystals inside of a flexible and environmentally responsive hydrogel is therefore a useful tool in extending the utility of PAEs and other micro- and nanostructures assembled with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Kubiak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amogh P Morje
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Diana J Lewis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., 555 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sara L Wilson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert J Macfarlane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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19
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Urbach ZJ, Park SS, Weigand SL, Rix JE, Lee B, Mirkin CA. Probing the Consequences of Cubic Particle Shape and Applied Field on Colloidal Crystal Engineering with DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Urbach
- Department of Chemistry International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Sarah S. Park
- Department of Chemistry International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Steven L. Weigand
- DND-CAT Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory ANL Bldg. 432, 9700 S. Cass Ave. Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - James E. Rix
- DND-CAT Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory ANL Bldg. 432, 9700 S. Cass Ave. Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
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20
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Urbach ZJ, Park SS, Weigand SL, Rix JE, Lee B, Mirkin CA. Probing the Consequences of Cubic Particle Shape and Applied Field on Colloidal Crystal Engineering with DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:4065-4069. [PMID: 33350557 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In a magnetic field, cubic Fe3 O4 nanoparticles exhibit assembly behavior that is a consequence of a competition between magnetic dipole-dipole and ligand interactions. In most cases, the interactions between short hydrophobic ligands dominate and dictate assembly outcome. To better tune the face-to-face interactions, cubic Fe3 O4 nanoparticles were functionalized with DNA. Their assembly behaviors were investigated both with and without an applied magnetic field. Upon application of a field, the tilted orientation of cubes, enabled by the flexible DNA ligand shell, led to an unexpected crystallographic alignment of the entire superlattice, as opposed to just the individual particles, along the field direction as revealed by small and wide-angle X-ray scattering. This observation is dependent upon DNA length and sequence and cube dimensions. Taken together, these studies show how combining physical and chemical control can expand the possibilities of crystal engineering with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Urbach
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sarah S Park
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Steven L Weigand
- DND-CAT, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, ANL Bldg. 432, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - James E Rix
- DND-CAT, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, ANL Bldg. 432, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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21
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Holmes TR, Paller AS. Gene Regulation Using Spherical Nucleic Acids to Treat Skin Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E360. [PMID: 33147737 PMCID: PMC7693734 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are nanostructures consisting of nucleic acids in a spherical configuration, often around a nanoparticle core. SNAs are advantageous as gene-regulating agents compared to conventional gene therapy owing to their low toxicity, enhanced stability, uptake by virtually any cell, and ability to penetrate the epidermal barrier. In this review we: (i) describe the production, structure and properties of SNAs; (ii) detail the mechanism of SNA uptake in keratinocytes, regulated by scavenger receptors; and (iii) report how SNAs have been topically applied and intralesionally injected for skin disorders. Specialized SNAs called nanoflares can be topically applied for gene-based diagnosis (scar vs. normal tissue). Topical SNAs directed against TNFα and interleukin-17A receptor reversed psoriasis-like disease in mouse models and have been tested in Phase 1 human trials. Furthermore, SNAs targeting ganglioside GM3 synthase accelerate wound healing in diabetic mouse models. Most recently, SNAs targeting toll-like receptor 9 are being used in Phase 2 human trials via intratumoral injection to induce immune responses in Merkel cell and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Overall, SNAs are a valuable tool in bench-top and clinical research, and their advantageous properties, including penetration into the epidermis after topical delivery, provide new opportunities for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy S. Paller
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
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22
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Selection and characterization of an ssDNA aptamer against thyroglobulin. Talanta 2020; 223:121690. [PMID: 33303143 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a significant biomarker for the diagnose and postoperative monitoring of differentiated thyroid cancer, and its recognition is urgent due to the rising prevalence. In this study, an ssDNA aptamer against Tg was obtained by capillary electrophoresis-systematic evolution of ligands via exponential enrichment (CE-SELEX). Under the optimized conditions, the sub-library was enriched well through two selection rounds. After high-throughput sequencing, eight candidate sequences were picked out and their affinities towards Tg were observed not in accordance with the order of their frequencies, whereas sequence homology played a significant role in binding affinity. The high-affinity sequence Seq.T-2 with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 3.18 μM was finally selected as the aptamer, and its affinity was confirmed qualitatively by gold nanoparticles colorimetric and quantitatively by thin film interferometry (Kd, 4.51 nM). Besides, molecular docking and dynamics simulation were performed for their binding sites prediction and affinity confirmation. Furthermore, the aptamer was applied for Tg detection, which delivered a detection limit of 5.0 nM as well as with good selectivity, and showed a good linear relationship within a wide range of 10 nM-6.4 μM of Tg spiked into the serum matrix. This study first reported Tg's aptamer which also exhibited the potential in real applications.
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23
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Hou Z, Liu Y, Xu J, Zhu J. Surface engineering of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by polymer grafting: synthesis progress and biomedical applications. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14957-14975. [PMID: 32648868 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03346d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have wide applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biomedicine, drug delivery, hyperthermia therapy, catalysis, magnetic separation, and others. However, these applications are usually limited by irreversible agglomeration of IONPs in aqueous media because of their dipole-dipole interactions, and their poor stability. A protecting polymeric shell provides IONPs with not only enhanced long-term stability, but also the functionality of polymer shells. Therefore, polymer-grafted IONPs have recently attracted much attention of scientists. In this tutorial review, we will present the current strategies for grafting polymers onto the surface of IONPs, basically including "grafting from" and "grafting to" methods. Available functional groups and chemical reactions, which could be employed to bind polymers onto the IONP surface, are comprehensively summarized. Moreover, the applications of polymer-grafted IONPs will be briefly discussed. Finally, future challenges and perspectives in the synthesis and application of polymer-grafted IONPs will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
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