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Rahman SS, Mahmud MB, Omranpour H, Salehi A, Monfared AR, Park CB. Highly Tough Yet Stiff, Transparent, and Recyclable PMMA Nanocomposites Incorporating TPU Nanofibril Networks with High Thermal Stability and Strong Interfacial Adhesion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:42687-42703. [PMID: 39082691 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we develop high aspect ratio nanofibrils from a polycaprolactone-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and evaluate their performance as a toughening agent. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was chosen as the matrix material because of its inherent brittleness and low resistance to sudden shocks and impact. We show that the addition of as little as 3 wt % of TPU nanofibrils with an average diameter of ∼98 nm and very high aspect ratio can significantly improve both the tensile toughness (∼212%) and impact strength (∼40%) of the chosen matrix (i.e., PMMA) without compromising its original strength, stiffness, and transparency. We compare the performance of TPU nanofibrils with TPU spherical particles─the form TPU typically manifests into when melt-mixed with an immiscible polymer. Our findings highlight that the structure of TPU plays a crucial role in determining the critical concentration of TPU needed for the brittle-ductile transition of the matrix. We also provide new and valuable insights into the unique interfacial interaction (i.e., formation of fibrillar bridges) observed between the PMMA matrix and TPU. We also show that the inclusion of 3 wt % of TPU nanofibrils can notably enhance resistance to creep deformation, even at temperatures close to the glass transition temperature of the matrix. Finally, we evaluate recyclability and demonstrate that the composite containing 3 wt % of TPU nanofibrils can be mechanically recycled without losing any properties. The proposed TPU nanofibrils can withstand repeated reprocessing at temperatures up to 190 °C due to their very high melting point and thermal stability. This presents the opportunity for them to be utilized not just with amorphous PMMA, but also with a range of other materials that can be processed at or below this temperature to remarkably improve their toughness without sacrificing strength and stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadman Sakib Rahman
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G8
| | - Mayesha Binte Mahmud
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G8
| | - Hosseinali Omranpour
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G8
| | - Amirmehdi Salehi
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G8
| | - Ali Reza Monfared
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G8
| | - Chul B Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G8
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Xu M, Wu M, Li X, Tang J, Ma W, Zhu X, Ren Q, Wang L, Zheng W. Biodegradable nanofibrillated microcellular PBS/PLA foams for selective oil absorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127844. [PMID: 37923032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
To address the challenges posed by spilled oil and oily wastewater, the development of clean oil-adsorption materials is crucial. However, traditional oil-adsorption materials suffer from the issue of secondary pollution. Herein, fully biodegradable nanofibrillated poly(butylene succinate)/poly(lactic acid) (PBS/PLA) foams with outstanding selective oil-adsorption performance were successfully fabricated via an eco-friendly supercritical CO2 foaming technology. The PBS/PLA composites, featuring nanofibrils with a diameter of approximately 100 nm, were prepared through a hot-stretching method subsequent to extrusion. Substantial improvements were observed in the crystallization rate and rheological properties of the fibrillated PBS/PLA composites. Furthermore, PLA nanofibrils enhanced foamability of the composite, achieving an impressive expansion ratio of up to 38.0, resulting in an outstanding oil-absorption performance (19.2-50.4 g/g) of the F-1 %-95 foam. Additionally, 20 adsorption-desorption cycles illustrated the prepared F-1 %-95 foam displayed recyclable oil-absorption characteristics. This work provides an eco-friendly strategy for preparing fully biodegradable foams intended for application as oil-adsorption materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxian Xu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Minghui Wu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China
| | - Xueyun Li
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jiayi Tang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China
| | - Wenyu Ma
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiuyu Zhu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China
| | - Qian Ren
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Long Wang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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Jiang N, Su Z, Sun Y, Ren R, Zhou J, Bi R, Zhu S. Spatial Heterogeneity Directs Energy Dissipation in Condylar Fibrocartilage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301051. [PMID: 37156747 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Condylar fibrocartilage with structural and compositional heterogeneity can efficiently orchestrate load-bearing and energy dissipation, making the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) survive high occlusion loads for a prolonged lifetime. How the thin condylar fibrocartilage can achieve efficient energy dissipation to cushion enormous stresses remains an open question in biology and tissue engineering. Here, three distinct zones in the condylar fibrocartilage are identified by analyzing the components and structure from the macro-and microscale to the nanoscale. Specific proteins are highly expressed in each zone related to its mechanics. The heterogeneity of condylar fibrocartilage can direct energy dissipation through the nano-micron-macro gradient spatial scale, by atomic force microscope (AFM), nanoindentation, dynamic mechanical analyzer assay (DMA), and the corresponding energy dissipation mechanisms are exclusive for each distinct zone. This study reveals the significance of the heterogeneity of condylar fibrocartilage in mechanical behavior and provides new insights into the research methods for cartilage biomechanics and the design of energy-dissipative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruiye Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Songsong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Sun ZB, Li L, Ma GQ, Chen Y, Jia DZ, Li XJ, Li Y, Lei J, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Robust, Fully Biodegradable Films of Polyesters Realized by In Situ Formation of an Interconnected Multi-Nanolayer Structure under Extensional Flow. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38867-38877. [PMID: 37542460 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer structures are not only applied to manipulate properties of synthetic polymer materials such as rainbow films and barrier films but also widely discovered in natural materials like nacre. In this work, in situ formation of an interconnected multi-nanolayer (IMN) structure in poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) cocontinuous blends is designed by an extensional flow field during a "casting-thermal stretching" process, combining the properties of two components to a large extent. Hierarchical structures including phase morphology, crystal structure, and lamellar crystals in IMN films have been revealed, which clearly identifies the crucial role of extensional flow. The oriented PBAT phase in the IMN structure can be beneficial to the epitaxial growth of PBS crystals onto the PBAT nanolayers, thus improving interfacial adhesions. Furthermore, intense extensional stress can also promote crystallinity and thicken the lamellar structure. Given such distinct features in the fully biodegradable films, a simultaneous enhancement in tear strength, tensile strength, and puncture resistance has been achieved. To the best of our knowledge, the tear strength of IMN films about 285.9 kN/m is the highest level in the previous works of this system. Moreover, the proposed fabrication way of the IMN structure is facile and scalable, which is highly expected to be an efficient strategy for development of structured biodegradable polymers with excellent comprehensive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Bo Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qi Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - De-Zhuang Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Juan Li
- Sichuan Engineering Laboratory of Non-Metallic Mineral Powder Modification, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment & Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, School of Environment & Resource, Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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Ma GQ, Yang TB, Li DL, Lv JC, Jia DZ, Li Y, Xu L, Huang HD, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Toward Excellent Energy Storage Performance via Well-Aligned and Isolated Interfaces in Multicomponent Polypropylene-Based All-Organic Polymer Dielectric Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23701-23710. [PMID: 37140941 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) serves as an excellent commercialized polymer dielectric film owing to its high breakdown strength, excellent self-healing ability, and flexibility. However, its low dielectric constant causes the large volume of the capacitor. Constructing multicomponent polypropylene-based all-organic polymer dielectric films is a facile strategy for achieving high energy density and efficiency simultaneously. Thereinto, the interfaces between the components become the key factors that determine the energy storage performance of the dielectric films. In this work, we propose to fabricate high-performance polyamide 513 (PA513)/PP all-organic polymer dielectric films via the construction of abundant well-aligned and isolated nanofibrillar interfaces. Laudably, a significant enhancement in the breakdown strength is achieved from 573.1 MV/m of pure PP to 692.3 MV/m with 5 wt % of PA513 nanofibrils. Besides, a maximum discharge energy density of about 4.4 J/cm2 is realized with 20 wt % of PA513 nanofibrils, which is about 1.6-folds higher than pure PP. Simultaneously, the energy efficiency of samples with modulated interfaces maintains higher than 80% up to 600 MV/m, which is much higher than pure PP of about 40.7% at 550 MV/m. This work provides a new strategy to fabricate high-performance multicomponent all-organic polymer dielectric films on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qi Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Tai-Bao Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Long Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lv
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Zhuang Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Dong Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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6
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Eissenberger K, Ballesteros A, De Bisschop R, Bugnicourt E, Cinelli P, Defoin M, Demeyer E, Fürtauer S, Gioia C, Gómez L, Hornberger R, Ißbrücker C, Mennella M, von Pogrell H, Rodriguez-Turienzo L, Romano A, Rosato A, Saile N, Schulz C, Schwede K, Sisti L, Spinelli D, Sturm M, Uyttendaele W, Verstichel S, Schmid M. Approaches in Sustainable, Biobased Multilayer Packaging Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1184. [PMID: 36904425 PMCID: PMC10007551 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The depletion of fossil resources and the growing demand for plastic waste reduction has put industries and academic researchers under pressure to develop increasingly sustainable packaging solutions that are both functional and circularly designed. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamentals and recent advances in biobased packaging materials, including new materials and techniques for their modification as well as their end-of-life scenarios. We also discuss the composition and modification of biobased films and multilayer structures, with particular attention to readily available drop-in solutions, as well as coating techniques. Moreover, we discuss end-of-life factors, including sorting systems, detection methods, composting options, and recycling and upcycling possibilities. Finally, regulatory aspects are pointed out for each application scenario and end-of-life option. Moreover, we discuss the human factor in terms of consumer perception and acceptance of upcycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Eissenberger
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Arantxa Ballesteros
- Centro Tecnológico ITENE, Parque Tecnológico, Carrer d’Albert Einstein 1, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Robbe De Bisschop
- Centexbel, Textile Competence Centre, Etienne Sabbelaan 49, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Elodie Bugnicourt
- Graphic Packaging International, Fountain Plaza, Belgicastraat 7, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Planet Bioplastics S.r.l., Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marc Defoin
- Bostik SA, 420 rue d’Estienne d’Orves, 92700 Colombes, France
| | - Elke Demeyer
- Centexbel, Textile Competence Centre, Etienne Sabbelaan 49, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Siegfried Fürtauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Materials Development, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Claudio Gioia
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lola Gómez
- AIMPLAS, Plastics Technology Center, Valencia Parc Tecnologic, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel 4, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Ramona Hornberger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Materials Development, Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Mara Mennella
- KNEIA S.L., Carrer d’Aribau 168-170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hasso von Pogrell
- AIMPLAS, Plastics Technology Center, Valencia Parc Tecnologic, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel 4, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Angela Romano
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Rosato
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nadja Saile
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- European Bioplastics e.V. (EUBP), Marienstr. 19/20, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Schwede
- European Bioplastics e.V. (EUBP), Marienstr. 19/20, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Sisti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Spinelli
- Next Technology Tecnotessile, Chemical Division, Via del Gelso 13, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Max Sturm
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Willem Uyttendaele
- Centexbel, Textile Competence Centre, Etienne Sabbelaan 49, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Markus Schmid
- Sustainable Packaging Institute SPI, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, Anton-Günther-Str. 51, 72488 Sigmaringen, Germany
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Liu CY, Li DL, Wang ZH, Li Y, Zhou SY, Xu L, Zhong GJ, Huang HD, Li ZM. Massively Parallel Aligned Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Nanofibrils in All-Organic Dielectric Polymer Composite Films for Electric Energy Storage. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - De-Long Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sheng-Yang Zhou
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75103 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hua-Dong Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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Fan Y, Miao X, Hou C, Wang J, Lin J, Bian F. High tensile performance of PLA fiber-reinforced PCL composite via a synergistic process of strain and crystallization. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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9
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Wang J, Zhang L, Hu H, Li J, Qi D. In situ nanofibrillar composite fiber: A model system for understanding the structural evolution of crosslinked nanofibrils. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low‐carbon Dyeing & Finishing Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Luotao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low‐carbon Dyeing & Finishing Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Haibin Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low‐carbon Dyeing & Finishing Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low‐carbon Dyeing & Finishing Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Dongming Qi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Green and Low‐carbon Dyeing & Finishing Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Laboratory of Functional Coating Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology Shaoxing Zhejiang China
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10
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Lightweight and High Impact Toughness PP/PET/POE Composite Foams Fabricated by In Situ Nanofibrillation and Microcellular Injection Molding. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15010227. [PMID: 36616576 PMCID: PMC9824783 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP) has become the most promising and candidate material for fabricating lightweight products. Microcellular injection molding (MIM) is a cost-effective technology for manufacturing porous plastic products. However, it is still challenging to fabricate high-performance PP microcellular components. Herein, we reported an efficient strategy to produce lightweight and high impact toughness foamed PP/polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/polyolefin-based elastomer (POE) components by combining in situ fibrillation (INF) and MIM technologies. First, the INF composite was prepared by integrating twin-screw compounding with melt spinning. SEM analysis showed PET nanofibrils with a diameter of 258 nm were achieved and distributed uniformly in the PP due to the POE's inducing elaboration effect. Rheological and DSC analysis demonstrated PET nanofibrils pronouncedly improved PP's viscoelasticity and crystal nucleation rate, respectively. Compared with PP foam, INF composite foam showed more stretched cells in the skin layer and refined spherical cells in the core layer. Due to the synergistic toughening effect of PET nanofibrils and POE elastic particles, the impact strength of INF composite foams was 295.3% higher than that of PP foam and 191.2% higher than that of melt-blended PP/PET foam. The results gathered in this study reveal potential applications for PP based INF composite foams in the manufacturing of lightweight automotive products with enhanced impact properties.
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Liu Q, Zhang XX, Jia DZ, Yin J, Lei J, Xu L, Lin H, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. In situ nanofibrillation of polypropylene/polyethylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) ternary system: A strategy of upgrade recycling. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Wan B, Yang X, Dong X, Zheng MS, Zhao Q, Zhang H, Chen G, Zha JW. Dynamic Sustainable Polyimide Film Combining Hardness with Softness via a "Mimosa-Like" Bionic Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207451. [PMID: 36281805 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric polyimides (PIs) are ubiquitous as insulation in electrical power systems and electronic devices. Generally, dynamic polyimide is required to solve irreversible failure processes of electrical or mechanical damage, for example, under high temperature, pressure, and field strength. The challenge lies in the design of the molecular structure of rigid polyimide to achieve dynamic reversibility. Herein, a low-molecular-weight polyimide gene unit is designed to crosslink with polyimide ligase to prepare the smart film. Interestingly, due to the variability of gene unit and ligase combinations, the polyimide films combining hardness with softness are designed into three forms via a "Mimosa-like" bionic strategy to adapt to different application scenarios. Meanwhile, the films have good degradation efficiency, excellent recyclability, and can be self-healable, which makes them reuse. Clearly, the films can be used in the preparation of ultrafast sensors with a response time ≈0.15 s and the application of corona-resistant films with 100% recovery. Furthermore, the construction of polyimide and carbon-fiber-reinforced composites (CFRCs) has been verified to apply to the worse environment. Nicely, the composites have the property of multiple cycles and the non-destructive recycle rate of carbon fiber (CF) is as high as 100%. The design idea of preparing high-strength dynamic polyimide by crosslinking simple polyimide gene unit with ligase could provide a good foundation and a clear case for the sustainable development of electrical and electronic polyimides, from the perspective of Mimosa bionics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoquan Wan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528300, P. R. China
| | - Xing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528300, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodi Dong
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528300, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528300, P. R. China
| | - Quanliang Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing, 100041, P. R. China
| | - Hongkuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing, 100041, P. R. China
| | - George Chen
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jun-Wei Zha
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528300, P. R. China
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Morphology and Properties of Polyolefin Elastomer/Polyamide 6/Poly(lactic Acid) In Situ Special-Shaped Microfibrillar Composites: Influence of Viscosity Ratio. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214556. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Situ microfibrillation is an easy and economical processing method, which has drawn wide concern in recent years. In Situ special-shaped microfibrillar composites, which with poly(lactic acid)/polyamide 6 (PA6/PLA) together formed special-shaped microfibrils in polyolefin elastomer (POE) matrix, were successfully prepared by using multistage stretching extrusion technology. Four types of PA6 with different viscosity were utilized to investigate the effect of viscosity ratio of PA6 to PLA on the structure evolution of special-shaped microfibrils and the mechanical properties of POE/(PA6/PLA) composites. The morphological observation showed that the viscosity ratio was closely associated to the size and shape of PA6 and greatly affected the microfibrillar morphology of PLA/PA6. When the viscosity ratio of PA6 to PLA was less than 2.2, the “gourd-skewers-like” structure microfibrils were obtained. When the viscosity ratio of PA6/PLA to 14.2 was further increased, the “trepang” structure microfibrils were dominant. The “gourd skewers” structure microfibrils were favorable to improvement the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and viscoelastic properties of POE/(PA6/PLA) blends compared to the “trepang” structure microfibrils. In addition, the morphology of microfibrils exhibited a negligible effect on the melting and crystallization temperature and crystallization degree of PLA and POE matrix. This work provides a new strategy for designing the in situ special-shaped microfibrillar composites with improved mechanical properties.
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Cheng P, Ji C, Hu W, Huang P, Guo Q, Xia M, Cheng Q, Xu J, Liu K, Wang D. Facile fabrication of nanofibrous ion-exchange chromatography membrane with aminated surface for highly efficient RNA separation and purification. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Li J, Xue C, Wang H, Dong S, Yang Z, Cao Y, Zhao B, Cheng B, Xie X, Mo X, Jiang W, Yuan H, Pan J. Hybrid Nanofibrous Composites with Anisotropic Mechanics and Architecture for Tendon/Ligament Repair and Regeneration. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201147. [PMID: 35686342 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rupture of tendons and ligaments (T/L) is a major clinical challenge due to T/L possess anisotropic mechanical properties and hierarchical structures. Here, to imitate these characteristics, an approach is presented by fabricating hybrid nanofibrous composites. First, hybrid fiber-reinforced yarns are fabricated via successively electrospinning poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) and gelatin (Ge) nanofibers onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers to improve biodurability and biocompatibility. Then, by comparing different manufacturing methods, the knitted structure succeeds in simulating anisotropic mechanical properties, even being stronger than natural ligaments, and possessing comfort compliance superior to clinically used ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS) ligament. Moreover, after inoculation with tendon-derived stem cells and transplantation in vivo, hybrid nanofibrous composites are integrated with native tendons to guide surrounding tissue ingrowth due to the highly interconnected and porous structure. The knitted hybrid nanofibrous composites are also ligamentized and remodeled in vivo to promote tendon regeneration. Specifically, after the use of optimized anisotropic hybrid nanofibrous composites to repair tendon, the deposition of tendon-associated extracellular matrix proteins is more significant. Thus, this study indicates a strategy of manufacturing anisotropic hybrid nanofibrous composites with superior mechanical properties and good histocompatibility for clinical reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, P. R. China
| | - Shiyan Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA
| | - Yuting Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Binan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xianrui Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Xiumei Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA
| | - Hengfeng Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
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16
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Shen C, Gao C, Zheng G, Ji Y, Dai K, Liu C, Shen C. Polymer microfibrillar tube for continuous oil/water separation and collection. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Almajid A, Walter R, Kroos T, Junaedi H, Gurka M, Khalil KA. The Multiple Uses of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Terephthalate Microfibrillar Composite Structures to Support Waste Management-Composite Processing and Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081296. [PMID: 33921061 PMCID: PMC8071395 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Composite processing and subsequent characterization of microfibrillar composites (MFC) were the focus of this work. Compression molding of wound MFC filaments was used to fabricate MFC composites. The MFC composites were composed of polypropylene (PP) as matrix materials and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as reinforcement fibers. The PP/PET blends were mixed with PET contents ranging from 22 wt% to 45 wt%. The effect of processing parameters, pressure, temperature, and holding time on the mechanical properties of the MFCs was investigated. Tensile tests were conducted to optimize the processing parameter and weight ratio of PET. Tensile strength and modulus increased with the increase in PET content. PP/45 wt% PET MFC composites properties reached the value of PP/30 wt% GF. Falling weight tests were conducted on MFC composites. The MFC composites showed the ability to absorb the impact energy compared to neat PP and PP/30 wt% GF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim Almajid
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rolf Walter
- Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH), Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.W.); (T.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Tim Kroos
- Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH), Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.W.); (T.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Harri Junaedi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Martin Gurka
- Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH), Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.W.); (T.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Khalil Abdelrazek Khalil
- Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
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18
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The Feasibility of Using the MFC Concept to Upcycle Mixed Recycled Plastics. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several mixed recycled plastics, namely, mixed bilayer polypropylene/poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PP/PET) film, mixed polyolefins (MPO) and talc-filled PP were selected for this study and used as matrices for the preparation of microfibrillar composites (MFCs) with PET as reinforcement fibres. MFCs with recycled matrices were successfully prepared by a three-step processing (extrusion—cold drawing—injection moulding), although significant difficulties in processing were observed. Contrary to previous results with virgin PP, no outstanding mechanical properties were achieved; they showed little or almost no improvement compared to the properties of unreinforced recycled plastics. SEM characterisation showed a high level of PET fibre coalescence present in the MFC made from recycled PP/PET film, while in the other MFCs, a large heterogeneity of the microstructure was identified. Despite these disappointing results, the MFC concept remains an interesting approach for the upcycling of mixed polymer waste. However, the current study shows that the approach requires further in-depth investigations which consider various factors such as viscosity, heterogeneity, the presence of different additives and levels of degradation.
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19
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Almajid A, Walter R, Kroos T, Junaidi H, Gurka M, Abdelrazek Khalil K. Development of Polypropylene/Polyethylene Terephthalate Microfibrillar Composites Filament to Support Waste Management. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020233. [PMID: 33445424 PMCID: PMC7827194 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of microfibrillar composites (MFCs) is adopted to produce composites of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) materials. The two polymers were dry mixed with PET content ranging from 22 to 45 wt%. The PET has been used as a reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties of composites. The relationship between the morphology of the MFC structure and the mechanical behavior of the MFC filament was investigated. Analysis of the structure and mechanical behavior helped to understand the influence of the stretching ratio, extruder-melt temperature, stretching-chamber temperature, and filament speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim Almajid
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
- Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rolf Walter
- Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH), Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.W.); (T.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Tim Kroos
- Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH), Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.W.); (T.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Harry Junaidi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Martin Gurka
- Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH), Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.W.); (T.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Khalil Abdelrazek Khalil
- Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE;
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20
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Shi Y, Liang M, Zou H, Zhou S, Chen Y. In Situ Microfibrillation of Polyamide 66 and Construction of Ordered Polytetrafluoroethylene Fibers to Significantly Reduce the Friction Coefficient of Polyphenylene Sulfide. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- You Shi
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mei Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shengtai Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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