1
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Shen Y, Jin D, Li T, Yang X, Ma X. Magnetically Responsive Gallium-Based Liquid Metal: Preparation, Property and Application. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39073895 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c07051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Magnetically responsive soft smart materials have garnered significant academic attention due to their flexibility, remote controllability, and reconfigurability. However, traditional soft materials used in the construction of these magnetically responsive systems typically exhibit low density and poor thermal and electrical conductivities. These limitations result in suboptimal performance in applications such as medical radiography, high-performance electronic devices, and thermal management. To address these challenges, magnetically responsive gallium-based liquid metals have emerged as promising alternatives. In this review, we summarize the methodologies for achieving magnetically responsive liquid metals, including the integration of magnetic agents into the liquid metal matrix and the utilization of induced Lorentz forces. We then provide a comprehensive discussion of the key physicochemical properties of these materials and the factors influencing them. Additionally, we explore the advanced and potential applications of magnetically responsive liquid metals. Finally, we discuss the current challenges in this field and present an outlook on future developments and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Shen
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Integrated Circuits, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongdong Jin
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Integrated Circuits, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tiefeng Li
- Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuxu Yang
- Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xing Ma
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Integrated Circuits, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Jiang H, Yuan B, Guo H, Pan F, Meng F, Wu Y, Wang X, Ruan L, Zheng S, Yang Y, Xiu Z, Li L, Wu C, Gong Y, Yang M, Lu W. Malleable, printable, bondable, and highly conductive MXene/liquid metal plasticine with improved wettability. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6138. [PMID: 39033166 PMCID: PMC11271265 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Integration of functional fillers into liquid metals (LM) induces rheology modification, enabling the free-form shaping of LM at the micrometer scale. However, integrating non-chemically modified low-dimensional materials with LM to form stable and uniform dispersions remain a great challenge. Herein, we propose a solvent-assisted dispersion (SAD) method that utilizes the fragmentation and reintegration of LM in volatile solvents to engulf and disperse fillers. This method successfully integrates MXene uniformly into LM, achieving better internal connectivity than the conventional dry powder mixing (DPM) method. Consequently, the MXene/LM (MLM) coating exhibits high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance (105 dB at 20 μm, which is 1.6 times that of coatings prepared by DPM). Moreover, the rheological characteristic of MLM render it malleable and facilitates direct printing and adaptation to diverse structures. This study offers a convenient method for assembling LM with low-dimensional materials, paving the way for the development of multifunctional soft devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Jiang
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Hongtao Guo
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Fanmao Meng
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yongpeng Wu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Lingyang Ruan
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Shuhuai Zheng
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Zheng Xiu
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Changsheng Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Yongqing Gong
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Menghao Yang
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China.
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3
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Jiang J, Li C, Chen C, Shi C, Song J. Tunable and Reversible Adhesive of Liquid Metal Ferrofluid Pillars for Magnetically Actuated Noncontact Transfer Printing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314004. [PMID: 38760018 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Transfer printing techniques based on tunable and reversible adhesives enable the heterogeneous integration of materials in desired layouts and are essential for developing both existing and envisioned electronic systems. Here, a novel tunable and reversible adhesive of liquid metal ferrofluid pillars for developing an efficient magnetically actuated noncontact transfer printing is reported. The liquid metal ferrofluid pillars offer the appealing advantages of gentle contact force by minimizing the preload effect and exceptional shape adaptability by maximizing the interfacial contact area due to their inherent fluidity, thus enabling a reliable damage-free pickup. Moreover, the liquid metal ferrofluid pillars harness the rapid stiffness increase and shape change with the magnetic field, generating an instantaneous ejection force to achieve a receiver-independent noncontact printing. Demonstrations of the adhesive of liquid metal ferrofluid pillars in transfer printing of diverse objects with different shapes, materials and dimensions onto various substrates illustrate its great potential in deterministic assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Center, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Center, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chenhong Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Center, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chuanqian Shi
- Center for Mechanics Plus under Extreme Environments, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jizhou Song
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Soft Matter Research Center, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, and State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
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4
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Wang H, Yuan B, Zhu X, Shan X, Chen S, Ding W, Cao Y, Dong K, Zhang X, Guo R, Yao Y, Wang B, Tang J, Liu J. Multi-stimulus perception and visualization by an intelligent liquid metal-elastomer architecture. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp5215. [PMID: 38787948 PMCID: PMC11122678 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp5215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Multi-stimulus responsive soft materials with integrated functionalities are elementary blocks for building soft intelligent systems, but their rational design remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate an intelligent soft architecture sensitized by magnetized liquid metal droplets that are dispersed in a highly stretchable elastomer network. The supercooled liquid metal droplets serve as microscopic latent heat reservoirs, and their controllable solidification releases localized thermal energy/information flows for enabling programmable visualization and display. This allows the perception of a variety of information-encoded contact (mechanical pressing, stretching, and torsion) and noncontact (magnetic field) stimuli as well as the visualization of dynamic phase transition and stress evolution processes, via thermal and/or thermochromic imaging. The liquid metal-elastomer architecture offers a generic platform for designing soft intelligent sensing, display, and information encryption systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhang Wang
- Institute of Materials Research, Center of Double Helix, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiyu Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Shan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Sen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Ding
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Institute of Data and Information, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Kaichen Dong
- Institute of Materials Research, Center of Double Helix, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Institute of Data and Information, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Yao
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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5
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Xie J, Zhou G, Sun Y, Zhang F, Kang F, Li B, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Feng W, Zheng Q. Multifunctional Liquid Metal-Bridged Graphite Nanoplatelets/Aramid Nanofiber Film for Thermal Management. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305163. [PMID: 38048535 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization of modern micro-electronic devices urges the development of multi-functional thermal management materials. Traditional polymer composite-based thermal management materials are promising candidates, but they suffer from single functionality, high cost, and low fire-resistance. Herein, a multifunctional liquid metal (LM)-bridged graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs)/ aramid nanofibers (ANFs) film is fabricated via a facile vacuum-assisted self-assembly approach followed by compression. ANFs serve as interfacial binders to link LM and GNPs together via hydrogen bondings and π-π interactions, while LM bridges the adjacent layer of GNPs to endow a fast thermal transport by phonons and electrons. The resultant composite films exhibit a high bidirectional thermal conductivity (In-plane: 29.5 W m-1K-1 and through-plane: 5.3 W m-1K-1), offering a reliable and effective cooling. Moreover, the as-fabricated composite films exhibit superior flame-retardance (peak of heat release rate of 4000J g-1), outstanding Joule heating performance (200 °C at supplied voltage of 3.5 V), and excellent electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE of 62 dB). This work provides an efficient avenue to fabricate multifuntional thermal management materials for micro-electronic devices, battery thermal management, and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Xie
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Fei Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Testing Technology Center for Materials and Devices, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Baohua Li
- Testing Technology Center for Materials and Devices, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Testing Technology Center for Materials and Devices, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School (SIGS), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yinhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
- Rui'an Graduate College of Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325206, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Qingbin Zheng
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, P. R. China
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6
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Ebrahimi M, Luo B, Wang Q, Attarilar S. High-Performance Nanoscale Metallic Multilayer Composites: Techniques, Mechanical Properties and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2124. [PMID: 38730930 PMCID: PMC11085667 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Due to their exceptional properties and diverse applications, including to magnetic devices, thermoelectric materials, catalysis, biomedicine, and energy storage, nanoscale metallic multilayer composites (NMMCs) have recently attracted great attention. The alternating layers of two or more metals that make up NMMCs are each just a few nanometers thick. The difficulties in producing and synthesizing new materials can be overcome by using nanoscale multilayer architectures. By adjusting the layer thickness, composition, and interface structure, the mechanical properties of these materials can be controlled. In addition, NMMCs exhibit unusually high strength at thin layer thicknesses because the multilayers have exceptionally high strength, as the individual layer thicknesses are reduced to the nanoscale. The properties of NMMCs depend on the individual layers. This means that the properties can be tuned by varying the layer thickness, composition, and interface structure. Therefore, this review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanical properties and the application of high-performance NMMCs. The paper briefly discusses the fabrication methods used to produce these composites and highlights their potential in various fields, such as electronics, energy storage, aerospace, and biomedical engineering. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the above composite materials are analyzed in detail. The review concludes with a discussion of the future prospects and challenges associated with the development of NMMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 83111-55181, Iran;
| | - Bangcai Luo
- Ningbo Major Draft Beer Equipment Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315033, China;
| | - Qudong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and Key State Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shokouh Attarilar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 83111-55181, Iran;
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7
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Rahmani P, Shojaei A, Sakorikar T, Wang M, Mendoza-Apodaca Y, Dickey MD. Liquid Metal Nanoparticles Physically Hybridized with Cellulose Nanocrystals Initiate and Toughen Hydrogels with Piezoionic Properties. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8038-8050. [PMID: 38437220 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Liquid metal (LM) particles can serve as initiators, functional fillers, and cross-linkers for hydrogels. Herein, we show that cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) stabilize LM particles in aqueous solutions, such as those used to produce hydrogels. The CNC-coated LM particles initiate free-radical polymerization to form poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogel with exceptional properties─stretchability ∼2000%, excellent toughness ∼1.8 MJ/m3, mechanical resilience, and efficient self-healing─relative to cross-linked PAA networks polymerized using conventional molecular initiators. FTIR spectroscopy, rheology, and mechanical measurements suggest that physical bonds between PAA and both Ga3+ and LM-CNC particles contribute to the excellent mechanical properties. The gels are used to sense a wide range of strains, such as those associated with human motion, via changes in resistance through the gel. The sensitivity at low strains enables monitoring subtle physiological signals, such as pulse. Without significantly compromising the toughness, soaking the gels in salt solution brings about high ionic conductivity (3.8 S/m), enabling them to detect touch via piezoionic principles; the anions in the gel have higher mobility than cations, resulting in significant charge separation (current ∼30 μA, ∼10 μA/cm2) through the gel in response to touch. These attractive properties are promising for wearable sensors, energy harvesters, and self-powered ionic touch panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooria Rahmani
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9465, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Akbar Shojaei
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9465, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
| | - Tushar Sakorikar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Meixiang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Yuniva Mendoza-Apodaca
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
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Qi J, Yang S, Jiang Y, Cheng J, Wang S, Rao Q, Jiang X. Liquid Metal-Polymer Conductor-Based Conformal Cyborg Devices. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2081-2137. [PMID: 38393351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Gallium-based liquid metal (LM) exhibits exceptional properties such as high conductivity and biocompatibility, rendering it highly valuable for the development of conformal bioelectronics. When combined with polymers, liquid metal-polymer conductors (MPC) offer a versatile platform for fabricating conformal cyborg devices, enabling functions such as sensing, restoration, and augmentation within the human body. This review focuses on the synthesis, fabrication, and application of MPC-based cyborg devices. The synthesis of functional materials based on LM and the fabrication techniques for MPC-based devices are elucidated. The review provides a comprehensive overview of MPC-based cyborg devices, encompassing their applications in sensing diverse signals, therapeutic interventions, and augmentation. The objective of this review is to serve as a valuable resource that bridges the gap between the fabrication of MPC-based conformal devices and their potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P. R. China
| | - Shuaijian Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P. R. China
| | - Jinhao Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Saijie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qingyan Rao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering. Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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9
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Kwon DA, Lee S, Kim CY, Kang I, Park S, Jeong JW. Body-temperature softening electronic ink for additive manufacturing of transformative bioelectronics via direct writing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn1186. [PMID: 38416839 PMCID: PMC10901467 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Mechanically transformative electronic systems (TESs) built using gallium have emerged as an innovative class of electronics due to their ability to switch between rigid and flexible states, thus expanding the versatility of electronics. However, the challenges posed by gallium's high surface tension and low viscosity have substantially hindered manufacturability, limiting high-resolution patterning of TESs. To address this challenge, we introduce a stiffness-tunable gallium-copper composite ink capable of direct ink write printing of intricate TES circuits, offering high-resolution (~50 micrometers) patterning, high conductivity, and bidirectional soft-rigid convertibility. These features enable transformative bioelectronics with design complexity akin to traditional printed circuit boards. These TESs maintain rigidity at room temperature for easy handling but soften and conform to curvilinear tissue surfaces at body temperature, adapting to dynamic tissue deformations. The proposed ink with direct ink write printing makes TES manufacturing simple and versatile, opening possibilities in wearables, implantables, consumer electronics, and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do A Kwon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Simok Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Yeon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Kang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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10
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Ma J, Vaghani DP, Im S, Kong M, Shamsi M, Wei S, Vong MH, Dickey MD. Injection Molding of Liquid Metal by Harnessing Nonstick Molds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10931-10941. [PMID: 38377555 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The fluid nature of liquid metals combined with their ability to form a solid native oxide skin enables them to be patterned in ways that would be challenging for solid metals. The present work shows a unique way of patterning liquid metals by injecting liquid metals into a mold. The mold contains a nonstick coating that enables the removal of the mold, thereby leaving just the liquid metal on the target substrate. This approach offers the simplicity and structural control of molding but without having the mold become part of the device. Thus, the metal can be encapsulated with very soft polymers that collapse if used as microchannels. The same mold can be used multiple times for high-volume patterning of liquid metal. The injection molding method is rapid and reliably produces structures with complex geometries on both flat and curved surfaces. We demonstrate the method by fabricating an elastomeric Joule heater and an electroadhesive soft gripper to show the potential of the method for soft and stretchable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Dhwanil P Vaghani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Sooik Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Minsik Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Mohammad Shamsi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Shuzhen Wei
- Wilson College of Textiles, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Man Hou Vong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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11
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Yang S, Zhang H, Sun X, Bai J, Zhang J. 3D-Printed Liquid Metal-in-Hydrogel Solar Evaporator: Merging Spectrum-Manipulated Micro-Nano Architecture and Surface Engineering for Solar Desalination. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38330088 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Solar desalination driven by interfacial heating is considered a promising technique to alleviate the freshwater shortage crisis. However, its further extension and application are confined by factors such as highlighted salt accumulation, inferior energy efficiency, and poor durability. Herein, a microsized eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) core-shell nanodroplet (denoted as LMTE) with photo-cross-linking and photothermal traits, stabilized by allyl glycidyl ether (AGE)-grafting tannic acid (TA), is explored as the solar absorber for broadband light absorbing and localized micro-nano heat channeling. The LMTE nanodroplets are formulated directly with highly hydrated polymers and photosensitive species to successfully develop a water-based photothermal ink suitable for digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. As a demonstration, the LMTE composite hydrogel-forged milli-conical needle arrays with metal-phenolic network (MPN)-engineered wettability and photothermal enhancement can be printed by the digital light processing (DLP) technique and designed rationally via a bottom-up strategy. The 3D-printing hydrogel evaporator is composed of spectrum-tailored EGaIn nanodroplets for efficient photon harvesting and MPN-coated milli-cone arrays for water supplying with micro-nano channeling, which function cooperatively to bestow the 3D solar evaporator with superior solar-powered water evaporation (2.96 kg m-2 h-1, 96.93% energy efficiency) and excellent solar desalination (salt cycle and site-specific salt crystallization). Furthermore, a robust steam generating/collecting system of the 3D solar evaporator is demonstrated, providing valuable guidance for building a water-energy-agriculture nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Junwei Bai
- China Bluestar Chengrand Chemical Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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12
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Wang D, Ye J, Bai Y, Yang F, Zhang J, Rao W, Liu J. Liquid Metal Combinatorics toward Materials Discovery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303533. [PMID: 37417920 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metals and their derivatives provide several opportunities for fundamental and practical exploration worldwide. However, the increasing number of studies and shortage of desirable materials to fulfill different needs also pose serious challenges. Herein, to address this issue, a generalized theoretical frame that is termed as "Liquid Metal Combinatorics" (LMC) is systematically presented, and summarizes promising candidate technical routes toward new generation material discovery. The major categories of LMC are defined, and eight representative methods for manufacturing advanced materials are outlined. It is illustrated that abundant targeted materials can be efficiently designed and fabricated via LMC through deep physical combinations, chemical reactions, or both among the main bodies of liquid metals, surface chemicals, precipitated ions, and other materials. This represents a large class of powerful, reliable, and modular methods for innovating general materials. The achieved combinatorial materials not only maintained the typical characteristics of liquid metals but also displayed distinct tenability. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies, wide extensibility, and pivotal applications of LMC are classified. Finally, by interpreting the developmental trends in the area, a perspective on the LMC is provided, which warrants its promising future for society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiao Ye
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunlong Bai
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Rao
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Liquid Metal and Cryogenic Biomedical Research Center, Beijing Key Lab of CryoBiomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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13
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Dou Z, Zhang B, Xu P, Fu Q, Wu K. Dry-Contact Thermal Interface Material with the Desired Bond Line Thickness and Ultralow Applied Thermal Resistance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38019643 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to directly utilize thixotropic polymer composites for out-of-plane thermal transport applications, known as thermal interface materials (TIMs), have been impeded by their mediocre applied thermal resistance (Reff) in a sandwiched structure. Different from traditional attempts at enhancing thermal conductivity, this study proposes a low-bond line thickness (BLT) path for mitigating the sandwiched thermal impedance. Taking the most common TIM, polydimethylsiloxane/aluminum oxide/zinc oxide (PDMS/Al2O3/ZnO), as an example, liquid metal is designed to on-demand localize at the Al2O3-polymer and Al2O3-filler interface regions, breaking rheological challenges for lowering the BLT. Specifically, during the sandwiched compression process, interfacial LM is just like the lubricant, dexterously promoting the relaxation of immobilized PDMS chains and helping fillers to flow through mitigating the internal friction between Al2O3 and adjacent filler. As a result, this TIM first time exhibits a boundary BLT (4.28 μm) that almost approaches the diameter of the maximum filler and performs an ultralow dry-contact Reff of 4.05 mm2 K/W at 40 psi, outperforming most reported and commercial dry-contact TIMs. This study of the low-BLT direction is believed to point to a new path for future research on high-performance TIMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengli Dou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Nanjing Marine Radar Institute, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Kai Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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14
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Jia LC, Wang ZX, Wang L, Zeng JF, Du PY, Yue YF, Zhao LH, Jia SL. Self-standing boron nitride bulks enabled by liquid metals for thermal management. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5656-5665. [PMID: 37766462 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01359f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Thermally conductive materials (TCMs) are highly desirable for thermal management applications to tackle the "overheating" concerns in the electronics industry. Despite recent progress, the development of high performance TCMs integrated with an in-plane thermal conductivity (TC) higher than 50.0 W (m K)-1 and a through-plane TC greater than 10.0 W (m K)-1 is still challenging. Herein, self-standing liquid metal@boron nitride (LM@BN) bulks with ultrahigh in-plane TC and through-plane TC were reported for the first time. In the LM@BN bulks, LM could serve as a bonding and thermal linker among the oriented BN platelets, thus remarkably accelerating heat transfer across the whole system. Benefiting from the formation of a unique structure, the LM@BN bulk achieved an ultrahigh in-plane TC of 82.2 W (m K)-1 and a through-plane TC of 20.6 W (m K)-1, which were among the highest values ever reported for TCMs. Furthermore, the LM@BN bulks exhibited superior compressive and leakage-free performances, with a high compressive strength (5.2 MPa) and without any LM leakage even after being crushed. It was also demonstrated that the excellent TCs of the LM@BN bulks made them effectively cool high-power light emitting diode modules. This work opens up one promising pathway for the development of high-performance TCMs for thermal management in the electronics industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chuan Jia
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Zhi-Xing Wang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jian-Feng Zeng
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Pei-Yao Du
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yun-Fei Yue
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Li-Hua Zhao
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Shen-Li Jia
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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15
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Wei Z, Zhang Y, Cai C, Qu H, Fu Y, Tan SC. Wood Lamella-Inspired Photothermal Stearic Acid-Eutectic Gallium-Indium-Based Phase Change Aerogel for Thermal Management and Infrared Stealth. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302886. [PMID: 37485809 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Eutectic Gallium-Indium (EGaIn) liquid metal is an emerging phase change metal material, but its low phase transition enthalpy and low light absorption limit its application in photothermal phase change energy storage materials (PCMs) field. Here, based on the dipole layer mechanism, stearic acid (STA)-EGaIn-based PCMs which exhibit extraordinary solar-thermal performance and phase change enthalpy are fabricated by ball milling method. The wood lamella-inspired cellulose-derived aerogel and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) are used to support the PCMs by the capillary force and decrease the interfacial thermal resistance. The resulted PCMs achieved excellent photothermal conversion performance and leakage proof. They have excellent thermal conductivity of 0.31 W m-1 K-1 (this is increased by 138% as compared with pure STA), and high phase change enthalpy of187.50 J g-1 , which is higher than the most of the reported PCMs. Additionally, the thermal management system and infrared stealth materials based on the PCMs are developed. This work provides a new way to fabricate smart EGaIn-based PCMs for energy storage device thermal management and infrared stealth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechang Wei
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Yaoxin Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chenyang Cai
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Hao Qu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Yu Fu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Swee Ching Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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16
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Li X, Jiang M, Du Y, Ding X, Xiao C, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhuo Y, Zheng K, Liu X, Chen L, Gong Y, Tian X, Zhang X. Self-healing liquid metal hydrogel for human-computer interaction and infrared camouflage. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:2945-2957. [PMID: 37165676 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to their mechanical flexibility, conductive hydrogels have been widely investigated in the fields of flexible electronics and soft robots, but their non-negligible disadvantages, such as poor toughness and limited self-healing, severally restrict their practical application. Herein, gallium indium alloy (EGaIn) is utilized to initiate the polymerization and simultaneously serve as flexible fillers to construct a super-stretchable and self-healing liquid metal/polyvinyl alcohol/p(acrylamide-co-octadecyl methacrylate) (liquid metal/PVA/P(AAm-co-SMA)) double network hydrogel (LM hydrogel). The synergistic effect of the rigid PVA microcrystal network and the ductile P(AAm-co-SMA) hydrophobic network, together with the ionic coordination and hydrogen bonds between polymer networks (multiple physical cross-links), endow the LM hydrogel with excellent super-stretchability (2000%), toughness (3.00 MJ m-3), notch resistance, and self-healing property (healing efficiency > 99% at 25 °C after 24 h). The LM hydrogel exhibits sensitive strain sensing behavior, allowing human-computer interaction to achieve motion recognition and health monitoring. Significantly, owing to the excellent photothermal effect and low infrared emissivity of EGaIn, the LM hydrogel reveals great potential in infrared camouflage. The work of self-healing conductive liquid metal hydrogels will promote the research and practical application of hydrogels and liquid metal in intelligent devices and military fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yiming Du
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Chao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Yanyu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Yizhi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Kang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Xianglan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Yi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Xingyou Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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17
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Shen Q, Jiang M, Wang R, Song K, Vong MH, Jung W, Krisnadi F, Kan R, Zheng F, Fu B, Tao P, Song C, Weng G, Peng B, Wang J, Shang W, Dickey MD, Deng T. Liquid metal-based soft, hermetic, and wireless-communicable seals for stretchable systems. Science 2023; 379:488-493. [PMID: 36730410 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade7341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Soft materials tend to be highly permeable to gases, making it difficult to create stretchable hermetic seals. With the integration of spacers, we demonstrate the use of liquid metals, which show both metallic and fluidic properties, as stretchable hermetic seals. Such soft seals are used in both a stretchable battery and a stretchable heat transfer system that involve volatile fluids, including water and organic fluids. The capacity retention of the battery was ~72.5% after 500 cycles, and the sealed heat transfer system showed an increased thermal conductivity of approximately 309 watts per meter-kelvin while strained and heated. Furthermore, with the incorporation of a signal transmission window, we demonstrated wireless communication through such seals. This work provides a route to create stretchable yet hermetic packaging design solutions for soft devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Modi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ruitong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Kexian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Man Hou Vong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Woojin Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Febby Krisnadi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ruyu Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Feiyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Benwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Guoming Weng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Bo Peng
- Wanxiang A123-Global Headquarters, A123 Systems, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Research and Development Center, A123 Systems, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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18
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Zhao Z, Soni S, Lee T, Nijhuis CA, Xiang D. Smart Eutectic Gallium-Indium: From Properties to Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203391. [PMID: 36036771 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn), a liquid metal with a melting point close to or below room temperature, has attracted extensive attention in recent years due to its excellent properties such as fluidity, high conductivity, thermal conductivity, stretchability, self-healing capability, biocompatibility, and recyclability. These features of EGaIn can be adjusted by changing the experimental condition, and various composite materials with extended properties can be further obtained by mixing EGaIn with other materials. In this review, not only the are unique properties of EGaIn introduced, but also the working principles for the EGaIn-based devices are illustrated and the developments of EGaIn-related techniques are summarized. The applications of EGaIn in various fields, such as flexible electronics (sensors, antennas, electronic circuits), molecular electronics (molecular memory, opto-electronic switches, or reconfigurable junctions), energy catalysis (heat management, motors, generators, batteries), biomedical science (drug delivery, tumor therapy, bioimaging and neural interfaces) are reviewed. Finally, a critical discussion of the main challenges for the development of EGaIn-based techniques are discussed, and the potential applications in new fields are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Zhao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Saurabh Soni
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, P. R. China
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19
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Huang T, Zhang X, Wang T, Zhang H, Li Y, Bao H, Chen M, Wu L. Self-Modifying Nanointerface Driving Ultrahigh Bidirectional Thermal Conductivity Boron Nitride-Based Composite Flexible Films. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 15:2. [PMID: 36441263 PMCID: PMC9705632 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While boron nitride (BN) is widely recognized as the most promising thermally conductive filler for rapidly developing high-power electronic devices due to its excellent thermal conductivity and dielectric properties, a great challenge is the poor vertical thermal conductivity when embedded in composites owing to the poor interfacial interaction causing severe phonon scattering. Here, we report a novel surface modification strategy called the "self-modified nanointerface" using BN nanocrystals (BNNCs) to efficiently link the interface between BN and the polymer matrix. Combining with ice-press assembly method, an only 25 wt% BN-embedded composite film can not only possess an in-plane thermal conductivity of 20.3 W m-1 K-1 but also, more importantly, achieve a through-plane thermal conductivity as high as 21.3 W m-1 K-1, which is more than twice the reported maximum due to the ideal phonon spectrum matching between BNNCs and BN fillers, the strong interaction between the self-modified fillers and polymer matrix, as well as ladder-structured BN skeleton. The excellent thermal conductivity has been verified by theoretical calculations and the heat dissipation of a CPU. This study provides an innovative design principle to tailor composite interfaces and opens up a new path to develop high-performance composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoqing Huang
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Li
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Bao
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Tao Y, Shi C, Han F, Yang R, Xue R, Ge Z, Guo W, Liu W, Ren Y. Liquid metal droplet motion transferred from an alkaline solution by a robot arm. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4621-4631. [PMID: 36326042 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00712f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The excellent motion performance of gallium-based liquid metals (LMs) upon the application of a modest electric field has provided a new opportunity for the development of autonomous soft robots. However, the locomotion of LMs often appears in an alkaline solution, which hampers the application under other different conditions. In this work, a novel robot arm is designed to transfer the motion of the LM from an alkaline solution in a synchronous drive mode. The liquid metal droplet (LMD) at the bottom of the robot arm is actuated using a DC voltage to provide the driving force for the system. By introducing an end effector at the center of the robot arm, the synchronous motion of the system is replicated and can be applied to different situations. The theoretical understanding of continuous electrowetting (CEW) at the LM interface is explained, and then the motion performance of the robot arm against the function of the applied voltage and driving direction is investigated. Moreover, several applications using this robot arm, such as pattern drawing, cargo transportation, and drug concentration detection, are demonstrated. The presented robot arm has the potential to observably expand the application fields of the LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changrui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feiyang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruizhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenyou Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenshang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiyu Liu
- Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Yukun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Pozarycki TA, Hwang D, Barron EJ, Wilcox BT, Tutika R, Bartlett MD. Tough Bonding of Liquid Metal-Elastomer Composites for Multifunctional Adhesives. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203700. [PMID: 36098240 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metal (LM) composites, which consist of LM droplets dispersed in highly deformable elastomers, have recently gained interest as a multifunctional material for soft robotics and electronics. The incorporation of LM into elastic solids allows for unique combinations of material properties such as high stretchability with thermal and electrical conductivity comparable to metals. However, it is currently a challenge to incorporate LM composites into integrated systems consisting of diverse materials and components due to a lack of adhesion control. Here, a chemical anchoring methodology to increase adhesion of LM composites to diverse substrates is presented. The fracture energy increases up to 100× relative to untreated surfaces, with values reaching up to 7800 J m-2 . Furthermore, the fracture energy, tensile modulus, and thermal conductivity can be tuned together by controlling the microstructure of LM composites. Finally, the bonding technique is used to integrate LM composites with functional electronic components without encapsulation or clamping, allowing for extreme deformations while maintaining exceptional thermal and electrical conductivity. These findings can accelerate the adoption of LM composites into complex soft robotic and electronic systems where strong, reliable bonding between diverse materials and components is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Pozarycki
- Mechanical Engineering, Soft Materials and Structures Lab, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Dohgyu Hwang
- Mechanical Engineering, Soft Materials and Structures Lab, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Edward J Barron
- Mechanical Engineering, Soft Materials and Structures Lab, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Brittan T Wilcox
- Mechanical Engineering, Soft Materials and Structures Lab, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ravi Tutika
- Mechanical Engineering, Soft Materials and Structures Lab, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Michael D Bartlett
- Mechanical Engineering, Soft Materials and Structures Lab, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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22
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Xing W, Xu Y, Song C, Deng T. Recent Advances in Thermal Interface Materials for Thermal Management of High-Power Electronics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193365. [PMID: 36234498 PMCID: PMC9565324 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
With the increased level of integration and miniaturization of modern electronics, high-power density electronics require efficient heat dissipation per unit area. To improve the heat dissipation capability of high-power electronic systems, advanced thermal interface materials (TIMs) with high thermal conductivity and low interfacial thermal resistance are urgently needed in the structural design of advanced electronics. Metal-, carbon- and polymer-based TIMs can reach high thermal conductivity and are promising for heat dissipation in high-power electronics. This review article introduces the heat dissipation models, classification, performances and fabrication methods of advanced TIMs, and provides a summary of the recent research status and developing trends of micro- and nanoscale TIMs used for heat dissipation in high-power electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkui Xing
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengyi Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Tao Deng
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (T.D.)
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23
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Recent Progress in Research of Solid Tritium Breeder Materials Li2TiO3: A Review. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12081053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
During the past decades, fusion reactor fuels such as deuterium and tritium have been extensively investigated due to increasing interest in nuclear fusion energy. Tritium, which is scarce in nature, needs to be fabricated by tritium breeder materials. Among the commonly investigated tritium breeder materials, lithium titanate (Li2TiO3) is recognized as one of the most promising solid tritium breeder materials because of its considerable lithium (Li) atomic density, low activation, excellent chemical stability, and low-temperature tritium release performance. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the current progress in Li2TiO3 preparation methods as well as the high Li density, tritium release performance, irradiation behavior, and modification technologies of Li2TiO3 pebbles. Li2TiO3 can be synthesized by strategies such as solid-state, sol–gel, hydrothermal, solution combustion synthesis, and co-precipitation methods. Among them, the hydrothermal method is promising due to its simplicity and low cost. Many researchers have begun to focus on composite ceramic pebbles to further improve tritium breeder performance. This will provide a new direction for the future development of Li2TiO3 pebbles. The present review concludes with a summary of the preparation methods currently under development and offers an outlook of future opportunities, which will inspire more in-depth investigation and promote the practical application of Li2TiO3 in this field.
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24
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Wu D, Liu D, Tian X, Lei C, Chen X, Zhang S, Chen F, Wu K, Fu Q. A Universal Mechanochemistry Allows On-Demand Synthesis of Stable and Processable Liquid Metal Composites. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200246. [PMID: 35615947 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gallium-based liquid metal (LM) is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the new-generation jigsaw of stretchable electronics. Nonetheless, the obstacle for the LM application lies in its high surface tension and easy fluidity which leads to great difficulty in handling and processing. Herein, a cross-mechanochemistry between liquid metal and inorganic solid, mediated via the coordination binding between the empty electronic orbits of the former and the lone electron pair of the latter is reported. The mechanism is validated via density functional theory calculation and electron energy loss spectroscopy, and experimentally proven to be universally applicable for various liquid metals and inorganic solids. With the unique mechanochemistry, simple ball milling allows on-demand transformation of the liquid metal into a low-surface-tension liquid, semi-solid paste, or even solid powder. The overcoming of the intrinsic high surface tension of the liquid metal with this approach unleashes the freedom to easily process the liquid metal composites into polymer composites or as direct molding processable paste and printable electronic ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Dingyao Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, China
| | - Chuxin Lei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Xianchun Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Kai Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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25
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Guo C, Li Y, Xu J, Zhang Q, Wu K, Fu Q. A thermally conductive interface material with tremendous and reversible surface adhesion promises durable cross-interface heat conduction. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1690-1699. [PMID: 35393993 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dramatic miniaturization and integration of electronic devices call for next-generation thermally conductive interface materials with higher service performance and long-term stability. In addition to enhancing the inherent thermal conductivity of materials, it is noteworthy to pay attention to the thermal contact resistance. Herein, we synthesized a polyurethane with hierarchical hydrogen bonding to realize high surface adhesion with substrates; another key was incorporating aluminum oxide modified by a deformable liquid metal to improve the thermo-conductive capability and offer the freedom of polymeric segmental motions. These molecular and structural designs endow the composite with high isotropic thermal conductivity, electrical insulation and temperature-responsive reversible adhesion, which enable low thermal resistance and durable thermal contact with substrates without the need for external pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Guo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhan Li
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Elastic Sealing Materials, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - JianHua Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
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