1
|
Zhang T, Chen Z, Zhang W, Wang L, Yu G. Recent Progress of Fluorinated Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403961. [PMID: 38830614 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, conjugated polymers have received widespread attention due to their characteristic advantages of light weight, favorable solution processability, and structural modifiability. Among various conjugated polymers, fluorinated ones have developed rapidly to achieve high-performance n-type or ambipolar polymeric semiconductors. The uniqueness of fluorinated conjugated polymers contains the high coplanarity of their structures, lower frontier molecular orbital energy levels, and strong nonbonding interactions. In this review, first the fluorinated building blocks, including fluorinated benzene and thiophene rings, fluorinated B←N bridged units, and fluoroalkyl side chains are summarized. Subsequently, different synthetic methods of fluorinated conjugated polymers are described, with a special focus on their respective advantages and disadvantages. Then, with these numerous fluorinated structures and appropriate synthetic methods bear in mind, the properties and applications of the fluorinated conjugated polymers, such as cyclopentadithiophene-, amide-, and imide-based polymers, and B←N embedded polymers, are systematically discussed. The introduction of fluorine atoms can further enhance the electron-deficiency of the backbone, influencing the charge carrier transport performance. The promising fluorinated conjugated polymers are applied widely in organic field-effect transistors, organic solar cells, organic thermoelectric devices, and other organic opto-electric devices. Finally, the outlook on the challenges and future development of fluorinated conjugated polymers is systematically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang S, Zhu W, Jacobs IE, Wood WA, Wang Z, Manikandan S, Andreasen JW, Un HI, Ursel S, Peralta S, Guan S, Grivel JC, Longuemart S, Sirringhaus H. Enhancing the Thermoelectric Properties of Conjugated Polymers by Suppressing Dopant-Induced Disorder. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314062. [PMID: 38558210 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Doping is a crucial strategy to enhance the performance of various organic electronic devices. However, in many cases, the random distribution of dopants in conjugated polymers leads to the disruption of the polymer microstructure, severely constraining the achievable performance of electronic devices. Here, it is shown that by ion-exchange doping polythiophene-based P[(3HT)1-x-stat-(T)x] (x = 0 (P1), 0.12 (P2), 0.24 (P3), and 0.36 (P4)), remarkably high electrical conductivity of >400 S cm-1 and power factor of >16 µW m-1 K-2 are achieved for the random copolymer P3, ranking it among highest ever reported for unaligned P3HT-based films, significantly higher than that of P1 (<40 S cm-1, <4 µW m-1 K-2). Although both polymers exhibit comparable field-effect transistor hole mobilities of ≈0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the pristine state, after doping, Hall effect measurements indicate that P3 exhibits a large Hall mobility up to 1.2 cm2 V-1 s-1, significantly outperforming that of P1 (0.06 cm2 V-1 s-1). GIWAXS measurement determines that the in-plane π-π stacking distance of doped P3 is 3.44 Å, distinctly shorter than that of doped P1 (3.68 Å). These findings contribute to resolving the long-standing dopant-induced-disorder issues in P3HT and serve as an example for achieving fast charge transport in highly doped polymers for efficient electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhao Wang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, Dunkerque, 59140, France
| | - Wenjin Zhu
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Ian E Jacobs
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - William A Wood
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Zichen Wang
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Suraj Manikandan
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Jens Wenzel Andreasen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Hio-Ieng Un
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sarah Ursel
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sébastien Peralta
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces, CY Cergy Paris Université, 5 Mail Gay Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise, 95000, France
| | - Shaoliang Guan
- Maxwell Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jean-Claude Grivel
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Stéphane Longuemart
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, Dunkerque, 59140, France
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu D, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Wei Z, Liu Y, Wang Y. Bis(benzoselenadiazol)ethane: A π-Extended Acceptor-Dimeric Unit for Ambipolar Polymer Transistors with Hole and Electron Mobilities Exceeding 10 cm 2 V -1 s -1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400061. [PMID: 38440917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The lack of ambipolar polymers with balanced hole (μh) and electron mobilities (μe) >10 cm2 V-1 s-1 is the main bottleneck for developing organic integrated circuits. Herein, we show the design and synthesis of a π-extended selenium-containing acceptor-dimeric unit, namely benzo[c][1,2,5]selenadiazol-4-yl)ethane (BBSeE), to address this dilemma. In comparison to its sulfur-counterpart, BBSeE demonstrates enlarged co-planarity, selective noncovalent interactions, polarized Se-N bond, and higher electron affinity. The successful stannylation of BBSeE offers a great opportunity to access acceptor-acceptor copolymer pN-BBSeE, which shows a narrower band gap, lower-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level (-4.05 eV), and a higher degree of backbone planarity. Consequently, the pN-BBSeE-based organic transistors display an ideally balanced ambipolar transporting property with μh and μe of 10.65 and 10.72 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the simultaneous μh/μe values >10.0 cm2 V-1 s-1 are the best performances ever reported for ambipolar polymers. In addition, pN-BBSeE shows an excellent shelf-storage stability, retaining over 85 % of the initial mobility values after two months storage. Our study demonstrates the π-extended acceptor-dimeric BBSeE is a promising acceptor building block for constructing high-performance ambipolar polymers applied in next-generation organic integrated circuit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yinghan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Velusamy A, Chen Y, Lin M, Afraj SN, Liu J, Chen M, Liu C. Diselenophene-Dithioalkylthiophene Based Quinoidal Small Molecules for Ambipolar Organic Field Effect Transistors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305361. [PMID: 38095532 PMCID: PMC10916611 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a series of novel quinoidal organic semiconductors based on diselenophene-dithioalkylthiophene (DSpDST) conjugated cores with various side-chain lengths (-thiohexyl, -thiodecyl, and -thiotetradecyl, designated DSpDSTQ-6, DSpDSTQ-10, and DSpDSTQ-14, respectively). The purpose of this research is to develop solution-processable organic semiconductors using dicyanomethylene end-capped organic small molecules for organic field effect transistors (OFETs) application. The physical, electrochemical, and electrical properties of these new DSpDSTQs are systematically studied, along with their performance in OFETs and thin film morphologies. Additionally, the molecular structures of DSpDSTQ are determined through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The results reveal the presence of intramolecular S (alkyl)···Se (selenophene) interactions, which result in a planar SR-containing DSpDSTQ core, thereby promoting extended π-orbital interactions and efficient charge transport in the OFETs. Moreover, the influence of thioalkyl side chain length on surface morphologies and microstructures is investigated. Remarkably, the compound with the shortest thioalkyl chain, DSpDSTQ-6, demonstrates ambipolar carrier transport with the highest electron and hole mobilities of 0.334 and 0.463 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively. These findings highlight the excellence of ambipolar characteristics of solution-processable OFETs based on DSpDSTQs even under ambient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arulmozhi Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Yen‐Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Meng‐Hao Lin
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Shakil N. Afraj
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Jia‐Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Chou Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic ModulesNational Central UniversityTaoyuan32001Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kinoshita Y, Oka K, Nakajima H, Tohnai N. Control of Relative Positions of Electron-Donor and Electron-Acceptor Molecules in Charge-Transfer Complexes for Luminescent Property Modulation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302965. [PMID: 37874268 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer complexes can exhibit various physical properties that depend on the relative positions of electron-donor and electron-acceptor molecules. Several studies have investigated the relationship between the relative positions of electron-donor and electron-acceptor molecules and their luminescence properties. However, elucidating the correlation between the relative positions and detailed luminescence processes without changing the molecular structures has not been explored. Herein, we report control of the relative position based on charge-assisted hydrogen bonds between sulfo and amino groups and on alkylamines' steric factors, and report concomitant modulation of the luminescent properties. Six charge-transfer complexes were prepared from anthracene-2,6-disulfonic acid and 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene as electron-donor and electron-acceptor molecules, and various alkylamines. Different alkylamines' steric factors drastically and precisely changed the relative positions of the electron-donor and electron-acceptor molecules without changing their molecular structures. Consequently, the six crystals exhibited maximum emission wavelengths from 543 to 624 nm and different luminescence processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yo Kinoshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kouki Oka
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Future Innovation (CFi) Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ren S, Wang Z, Chen J, Wang S, Yi Z. Organic Transistors Based on Highly Crystalline Donor-Acceptor π-Conjugated Polymer of Pentathiophene and Diketopyrrolopyrrole. Molecules 2024; 29:457. [PMID: 38257368 PMCID: PMC10819643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oligomers and polymers consisting of multiple thiophenes are widely used in organic electronics such as organic transistors and sensors because of their strong electron-donating ability. In this study, a solution to the problem of the poor solubility of polythiophene systems was developed. A novel π-conjugated polymer material, PDPP-5Th, was synthesized by adding the electron acceptor unit, DPP, to the polythiophene system with a long alkyl side chain, which facilitated the solution processing of the material for the preparation of devices. Meanwhile, the presence of the multicarbonyl groups within the DPP molecule facilitated donor-acceptor interactions in the internal chain, which further improved the hole-transport properties of the polythiophene-based material. The weak forces present within the molecules that promoted structural coplanarity were analyzed using theoretical simulations. Furthermore, the grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scanning (GIWAXS) results indicated that PDPP-5Th features high crystallinity, which is favorable for efficient carrier migration within and between polymer chains. The material showed hole transport properties as high as 0.44 cm2 V-1 s-1 in conductivity testing. Our investigations demonstrate the great potential of this polymer material in the field of optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Research Institute of Innovation, Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone, Hengqin 519031, China;
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Technical Center of Gongbei Customs District, Zhuhai 519001, China
| | - Zhuoer Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Sichun Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Zhuhai-Fudan Research Institute of Innovation, Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone, Hengqin 519031, China;
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu X, Duan J, Chen J, Liu R, Qin Z, Chen H, Yue W. Aldol Condensation for the Construction of Organic Functional Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311879. [PMID: 37711068 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Aldol condensation is a cost-effective and sustainable synthetic method, offering the advantages of low complexity, substrate universality, and high efficiency. Over the past decade, it has become popular for creating next-generation organic functional materials, particularly rigid-rod conjugated (semi)conductors. This review focuses on conjugated small molecules, oligomers, and polymeric (semi)conductors synthesized through aldol condensation, with emphasis on their remarkable features in advancing n-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and organic thermoelectrics (OTEs) as well as NIR-II photothermal conversion. Coherence character, optical properties, microstructure, and chain conformation are investigated to understand material-property relationships. Future applications and challenges in this area are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jiayao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Junxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Riping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ze Qin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science for Advanced Materials and Large-Scale Scientific Facilities, School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000, P. R. China
- Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study, Dongguan, 523000, P. R. China
| | - Hu Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Science for Advanced Materials and Large-Scale Scientific Facilities, School of Physical Sciences, Great Bay University, Dongguan, 523000, P. R. China
- Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study, Dongguan, 523000, P. R. China
| | - Wan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen J, Zhu M, Shao M, Shi W, Yang J, Kuang J, Wang C, Gao W, Zhu C, Meng R, Yang Z, Shao Z, Zhao Z, Guo Y, Liu Y. Molecular Design of Multifunctional Integrated Polymer Semiconductors with Intrinsic Stretchability, High Mobility, and Intense Luminescence. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305987. [PMID: 37639714 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional semiconductors integrating unique optical, electrical, mechanical, and chemical characteristics are critical to advanced and emerging manufacturing technologies. However, due to the trade-off challenges in design principles, fabrication difficulty, defects in existing materials, etc., realizing multiple functions through multistage manufacturing is quite taxing. Here, an effective molecular design strategy is established to prepare a class of multifunctional integrated polymer semiconductors. The pyridal[1,2,3]triazole-thiophene co-structured tetrapolymers with full-backbone coplanarity and considerable inter/intramolecular noncovalent interactions facilitate short-range order and excellent (re)organization capability of polymer chains, providing stress-dissipation sites in the film state. The regioregular multicomponent conjugated backbones contribute to dense packing, excellent crystallinity, high crack onset strain over 100%, efficient carrier transport with mobilities exceeding 1 cm2 V-1 s-1 , and controllable near-infrared luminescence. Furthermore, a homologous blending strategy is proposed to further enhance the color-tunable luminescent properties of polymers while effectively retaining mechanical and electrical properties. The blended system exhibits excellent field-effect mobility (µ) and quantum yield (Φ), reaching a record Φ · µ of 0.43 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Overall, the proposed strategy facilitates a rational design of regioregular semicrystalline intrinsically stretchable polymers with high mobility and color-tunable intense luminescence, providing unique possibilities for the development of multifunctional integrated semiconductors in organic optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingchao Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenkang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Kuang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Can Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruifang Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao W, Fu GE, Yang H, Zhang T. Two-Dimensional Conjugated Polymers: a New Choice For Organic Thin-Film Transistors. Chem Asian J 2023:e202301076. [PMID: 38151907 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) as a vital component among transistors have shown great potential in smart sensing, flexible displays, and bionics due to their flexibility, biocompatibility and customizable chemical structures. Even though linear conjugated polymer semiconductors are common for constructing channel materials of OTFTs, advanced materials with high charge carrier mobility, tunable band structure, robust stability, and clear structure-property relationship are indispensable for propelling the evolution of OTFTs. Two-dimensional conjugated polymers (2DCPs), featured with conjugated lattice, tailorable skeletons, and functional porous structures, match aforementioned criteria closely. In this review, we firstly introduce the synthesis of 2DCP thin films, focusing on their characteristics compatible with the channels of OTFTs. Subsequently, the physics and operating mechanisms of OTFTs and the applications of 2DCPs in OTFTs are summarized in detail. Finally, the outlook and perspective in the field of OTFTs using 2DCPs are provided as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Zhao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-En Fu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, 315201, Ningbo, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen J, Zhou J, Li N, Ding Y, Ren S, Zeng M. Novel Divinyl-Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymer, Based on a Dimerization Strategy for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4546. [PMID: 38232014 PMCID: PMC10707771 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this communication, we report a novel acceptor structural unit, TVDPP, that can be distinguished from classical materials based on TDPP structures. By designing a synthetic route via retrosynthetic analysis, we successfully prepared this monomer and further prepared polymer P2TVDPP with high yield using a Stille-coupling polymerization reaction. The polymer showed several expected properties, such as high molecular weight, thermal stability, full planarity, small π-π stacking distance, smooth interface, and so on. The absorption spectra and energy levels of the polymer were characterized via photochemical and electrochemical analysis. The organic field-effect transistor (OFET), which is based on P2TVDPP, exhibited excellent carrier mobility and an on/off current ratio of 0.41 cm2 V-1 s-1 and ~107, respectively, which is an important step in expanding the significance of DPP-based materials in the field of optoelectronic devices and organic electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Na Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Minfeng Zeng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen J, Ding Y, Zhou J, Li N, Ren S, Zeng M. Preparation of Novel Organic Polymer Semiconductor and Its Properties in Transistors through Collaborative Theoretical and Experimental Approaches. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4421. [PMID: 38006144 PMCID: PMC10674425 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymer semiconductors based on donor-acceptor structures are commonly employed as core materials for optoelectronic devices in the field of organic electronics. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel acceptor unit thiophene-vinyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole, named TVDPP, based on a four-step organic synthesis procedure. Stille coupling reactions were applied with high yields of polymerization of TVDPP with fluorinated thiophene (FT) monomer. The molecular weight and thermal stability of the polymers were tested and showed high molecular weight and good thermal stability. Theoretical simulation calculations and 2D grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) tests verified the planarity of the material and excellent stacking properties, which are favorable for achieving high carrier mobility. Measurements based on the polymer as an organic thin film transistor (OTFT) device were carried out, and the mobility and on/off current ratio reached 0.383 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 104, respectively, showing its great potential in organic optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China;
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Na Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China;
| | - Minfeng Zeng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang M, Zhang BB, Lin Q, Jiang Z, Zhang J, Li Y, Pei S, Han X, Xiong H, Liang X, Lin Y, Wei Z, Zhang F, Zhang X, Wang ZX, Shi Q, Huang H. An Efficient Direct Arylation Polycondensation via C-S Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306307. [PMID: 37340517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The direct arylation polycondensation (DArP) has become one of the most important methods to construct conjugated polymers (CPs). However, the homocoupling side-reactions of aryl halides and the low regioseletive reactivities of unfunctionalized aryls hinder the development of DArP. Here, an efficient Pd and Cu co-catalyzed DArP was developed via inert C-S bond cleavage of aryl thioethers, of which robustness was exemplified by over twenty conjugated polymers (CPs), including copolymers, homopolymers, and random polymers. The capture of oxidative addition intermediate together with experimental and theoretic results suggested the important role of palladium (Pd) and copper (Cu) co-catalysis with a bicyclic mechanism. The studies of NMR, molecular weights, trap densities, two-dimensional grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (2D-GIWAXS), and the charge transport mobilities revealed that the homocoupling reactions were significantly suppressed with high regioselectivity of unfunctionalized aryls, suggesting this method is an excellent choice for synthesizing high performance CPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qijie Lin
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ziling Jiang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shurui Pei
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haigen Xiong
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Lin
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physic, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ren S, Ding Y, Zhang W, Wang Z, Wang S, Yi Z. Rational Design of Novel Conjugated Terpolymers Based on Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Their Applications to Organic Thin-Film Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3803. [PMID: 37765656 PMCID: PMC10535888 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic polymer semiconductor materials, due to their good chemical modifiability, can be easily tuned by rational molecular structure design to modulate their material properties, which, in turn, affects the device performance. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of materials based on terpolymer structures and applied them to organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) device applications. The four polymers, obtained by polymerization of three monomers relying on the Stille coupling reaction, shared comparable molecular weights, with the main structural difference being the ratio of the thiazole component to the fluorinated thiophene (Tz/FS). The conjugated polymers exhibited similar energy levels and thermal stability; however, their photochemical and crystalline properties were distinctly different, leading to significantly varied mobility behavior. Materials with a Tz/FS ratio of 50:50 showed the highest electron mobility, up to 0.69 cm2 V-1 s-1. Our investigation reveals the fundamental relationship between the structure and properties of materials and provides a basis for the design of semiconductor materials with higher carrier mobility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhuoer Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Sichun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li J, Chen Z, Wang J, Young Jeong S, Yang K, Feng K, Yang J, Liu B, Woo HY, Guo X. Semiconducting Polymers Based on Simple Electron-Deficient Cyanated trans-1,3-Butadienes for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307647. [PMID: 37525009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-performance but low-cost n-type polymers remains a significant challenge in the commercialization of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). To achieve this objective, it is essential to design the key electron-deficient units with simple structures and facile preparation processes, which can facilitate the production of low-cost n-type polymers. Herein, by sequentially introducing fluorine and cyano functionalities onto trans-1,3-butadiene, we developed a series of structurally simple but highly electron-deficient building blocks, namely 1,4-dicyano-butadiene (CNDE), 3-fluoro-1,4-dicyano-butadiene (CNFDE), and 2,3-difluoro-1,4-dicyano-butadiene (CNDFDE), featuring a highly coplanar backbone and deep-positioned lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels (-3.03-4.33 eV), which render them highly attractive for developing n-type semiconducting polymers. Notably, all these electron-deficient units can be easily accessed by a two-step high-yield synthetic procedure from low-cost raw materials, thus rendering them highly promising candidates for commercial applications. Upon polymerization with diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), three copolymers were developed that demonstrated unipolar n-type transport characteristics in OFETs with the highest electron mobility of >1 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Hence, CNDE, CNFDE, and CNDFDE represent a class of novel, simple, and efficient electron-deficient units for constructing low-cost n-type polymers, thereby providing valuable insight for OFET applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhicai Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 570228, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, 523808, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ren S, Wang Z, Zhang W, Ding Y, Yi Z. Donor-Acceptor-Based Organic Polymer Semiconductor Materials to Achieve High Hole Mobility in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3713. [PMID: 37765568 PMCID: PMC10538171 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic polymer semiconductor materials are conveniently tuned to energy levels because of their good chemically modifiable properties, thus enhancing their carrier transport capabilities. Here, we have designed and prepared a polymer with a donor-acceptor structure and tested its potential as a p-type material for organic field-effect transistor (OFET) applications using a solution-processing method. The conjugated polymers, obtained via the polymerization of the two monomers relying on the Stille coupling reaction, possess extremely high molecular weights and thermodynamic stability. Theoretical-based calculations show that PDPP-2S-Se has superior planarity, which is favorable for carrier transport within the main chain. Photophysical and electrochemical measurements systematically investigated the properties of the material and the energy levels with respect to the theoretical values. The maximum hole mobility of the PDPP-2S-Se-based OFET device is 0.59 cm2 V-1 s-1, which makes it a useful material for potential organic electronics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Zhuoer Wang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, National Chemical Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ren C, Cao L, Wu T. Meniscus-Guided Deposition of Organic Semiconductor Thin Films: Materials, Mechanism, and Application in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300151. [PMID: 36869409 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processable organic semiconductors are one of the promising materials for the next generation of organic electronic products, which call for high-performance materials and mature processing technologies. Among many solution processing methods, meniscus-guided coating (MGC) techniques have the advantages of large-area, low-cost, adjustable film aggregation, and good compatibility with the roll-to-roll process, showing good research results in the preparation of high-performance organic field-effect transistors. In this review, the types of MGC techniques are first listed and the relevant mechanisms (wetting mechanism, fluid mechanism, and deposition mechanism) are introduced. The MGC processes are focused and the effect of the key coating parameters on the thin film morphology and performance with examples is illustrated. Then, the performance of transistors based on small molecule semiconductors and polymer semiconductor thin films prepared by various MGC techniques is summarized. In the third section, various recent thin film morphology control strategies combined with the MGCs are introduced. Finally, the advanced progress of large-area transistor arrays and the challenges for roll-to-roll processes are presented using MGCs. Nowadays, the application of MGCs is still in the exploration stage, its mechanism is still unclear, and the precise control of film deposition still needs experience accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxing Ren
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, P. R. China
| | - Long Cao
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, P. R. China
| | - Ti Wu
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Marking Materials, Key Laboratory of Printing and Packaging Material and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, 102600, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chang Y, Wu YS, Tung SH, Chen WC, Chueh CC, Liu CL. N-Type Doping of Naphthalenediimide-Based Random Donor-Acceptor Copolymers to Enhance Transistor Performance and Structural Crystallinity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15745-15757. [PMID: 36920493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An integrated strategy of molecular design and conjugated polymer doping is proposed to improve the electronic characteristics for organic field effect transistor (OFET) applications. Here, a series of soluble naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based random donor-acceptor copolymers with selenophene π-conjugated linkers and four acceptors with different electron-withdrawing strengths (named as rNDI-N/S/NN/SS) are synthesized, characterized, and used for OFETs. N-type doping of NDI-based random copolymers using (12a,18a)-5,6,12,12a,13,18,18a,19-octahydro-5,6-dimethyl-13,18[1',2']-benzenobisbenzimidazo[1,2-b:2',1'-d]benzo[i][2.5]benzodiazocine potassium triflate adduct (DMBI-BDZC) is successfully demonstrated. The undoped rNDI-N, rNDI-NN, and rNDI-SS samples exhibit ambipolar charge transport, while rNDI-S presents only a unipolar n-type characteristic. Doping with DMBI-BDZC significantly modulates the performance of rNDI-N/S OFETs, with a 3- to 6-fold increase in electron mobility (μe) for 1 wt % doped device due to simultaneous trap mitigation, lower contact resistance (RC), and activation energy (EA), and enhanced crystallinity and edge-on orientation for charge transport. However, the doping of intrinsic pro-quinoidal rNDI-NN/SS films exhibits unchanged or even reduced device performance. These findings allow us to manipulate the energy levels by developing conjugated copolymers based on various acceptors and quinoids and to optimize the dopant-polymer semiconductor interactions and their impacts on the film morphology and molecular orientation for enhanced charge transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Sheng Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chen Chueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yan DS, Zhang XW, Wang ZL, Xu CH, Shi YB, Deng YF, Han Y, Geng YH. 3-Methylcyclohexanone Processed n-Channel Organic Thin-Film Transistors Based on A Conjugated Polymer Synthesized by Direct Arylation Polycondensation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
|
19
|
Shen T, Li W, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Liu Y. A Hybrid Acceptor-Modulation Strategy: Fluorinated Triple-Acceptor Architecture for Significant Enhancement of Electron Transport in High-Performance Unipolar n-Type Organic Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210093. [PMID: 36484290 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of unipolar n-type semiconducting polymers with electron mobility (µe ) over 5 cm2 V-1 s-1 remains a massive challenge in organic semiconductors. Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) has proven to be a successful unit for high-performance p-type and ambipolar polymers. However, DPP's moderate electron-accepting capability leads to the shallow frontier molecular orbital (FMO) levels of the resultant polymers and hence limit the µe in unipolar n-type organic transistors. Herein, this issue has been addressed by using a hybrid acceptor-modulation strategy based on DPP-containing "fluorinated triple-acceptor architecture", namely DPP-difluorobenzothiadiazole-DPP (DFB). Compared with DFB's non-fluorinated counterpart, DFB features deeper FMO levels and a shape-persistent framework. Therefore, a series of DFB-based polymers demonstrate planar backbones and lowered FMO levels by ≈0.10 to 0.25 eV versus that of the control polymer. Intriguingly, all DFB-polymers exhibit excellent unipolar n-type transistor performances. Notably, a full-locked backbone conformation and high crystallinity with crystalline coherence length of 524 Å are observed for pDFB-TF, accounting for its high µe of 5.04 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is the highest µe value for DPP-based unipolar n-type polymers reported to date. This work demonstrates that the strategy of "fluorinated triple-acceptor architecture" opens a new path towards high-performance unipolar n-type semiconducting polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ma S, Wang J, Feng K, Zhang H, Wu Z, Wang Y, Liu B, Li Y, An M, Gonzalez-Nuñez R, Ponce Ortiz R, Woo HY, Guo X. n-Type Polymer Semiconductors Based on Dithienylpyrazinediimide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:1639-1651. [PMID: 36571844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of n-type organic semiconductors critically relies on the design and synthesis of highly electron-deficient building blocks with good solubility and small steric hindrance. We report here a strongly electron-deficient dithienylpyrazinediimide (TPDI) and its n-type semiconducting polymers. The pyrazine substitution leads to the resulting polymers with much lower-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels and improved backbone planarity compared to the reported dithienylbenzodiimide (TBDI)- and fluorinated dithienylbenzodiimide (TFBDI)-based polymer analogues, thus yielding n-type transport character with an electron mobility up to 0.44 cm2 V-1 s-1 in organic thin-film transistors. These results demonstrate that dithienylpyrazinediimide is a highly promising electron-deficient building block for constructing high-performance n-type polymers and the incorporation of pyrazine into imide-functionalized (hetero)arenes is an effective strategy to develop n-type polymers with deep-lying frontier molecular orbital (FMO) levels for organic optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suxiang Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Kui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Yimei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingwei An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Raúl Gonzalez-Nuñez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Rocío Ponce Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cao X, Li H, Hu J, Tian H, Han Y, Meng B, Liu J, Wang L. An Amorphous n-Type Conjugated Polymer with an Ultra-Rigid Planar Backbone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212979. [PMID: 36345132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High charge carrier mobility polymer semiconductors are always semi-crystalline. Amorphous conjugated polymers represent another kind of polymer semiconductors with different charge transporting mechanism. Here we report the first near-amorphous n-type conjugated polymer with decent electron mobility, which features a remarkably rigid, straight and planar polymer backbone. The molecular design strategy is to copolymerize two fused-ring building blocks which are both electron-accepting, centrosymmetrical and planar. The polymer is the alternating copolymer of double B←N bridged bipyridine (BNBP) unit and benzobisthiazole (BBTz) unit. It shows a decent electron mobility of 0.34 cm2 V-1 s-1 in organic field-effect transistors. The excellent electron transporting property of the polymer is possibly due to the ultrahigh backbone stiffness, small π-π stacking distance, and high molecular weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junli Hu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Watanabe N, He W, Nozaki N, Matsumoto H, Michinobu T. Benzothiadiazole versus Thiazolobenzotriazole: A Structural Study of Electron Acceptors in Solution-Processable Organic Semiconductors. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200768. [PMID: 36102294 PMCID: PMC9828094 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rapid progress of organic electronics, developing high-performance n-type organic semiconductors is still challenging. Donor-acceptor (D-A) type conjugated structures have been an effective molecular design strategy to achieve chemically-stable semiconductors and the appropriate choice of the acceptor units determines the electronic properties and device performances. We have now synthesized two types of A1 -D-A2 -D-A1 type conjugated molecules, namely, NDI-BTT-NDI and NDI-TBZT-NDI, with different central acceptor units. In order to investigate the effects of the central acceptor units on the charge-transporting properties, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were fabricated. NDI-TBZT-NDI had shallower HOMO and deeper LUMO levels than NDI-BTT-NDI. Hence, the facilitated charge injection resulted in ambipolar transistor performances with the optimized hole and electron mobilities of 0.00134 and 0.151 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively. In contrast, NDI-BTT-NDI displayed only an n-channel OFET performance with the electron mobility of 0.0288 cm2 V-1 s-1 . In addition, the device based on NDI-TBZT-NDI showed a superior air stability to that based on NDI-BTT-NDI. The difference in these OFET performances was reasonably explained by the contact resistance and film morphology. Overall, this study demonstrated that the TBZ acceptor is a promising building block to create n-type organic semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Watanabe
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Waner He
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Naoya Nozaki
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Facile access to coil-rod-coil-type block copolymers by CuAAC-based macromolecular clicking. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
24
|
Imide‐Functionalized Fluorenone and Its Cyanated Derivative Based n‐Type Polymers: Synthesis, Structure–Property Correlations, and Thin‐Film Transistor Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205315. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
25
|
Chen Z, Li J, Wang J, Yang K, Zhang J, Wang Y, Feng K, Li B, Wei Z, Guo X. Imide‐Functionalized Fluorenone and Its Cyanated Derivative Based n‐Type Polymers: Synthesis, Structure‐Property Correlations, and Thin‐Film Transistor Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicai Chen
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials science and thchnology CHINA
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials science and thchnology CHINA
| | - Junwei Wang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials science and thchnology CHINA
| | - Kun Yang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials science and thchnology CHINA
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Cas Key Laborotary of Nanosystem and Hierarcheical Frabration CHINA
| | - Yimei Wang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials science and thchnology CHINA
| | - Kui Feng
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials science and thchnology CHINA
| | - Bolin Li
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials science and thchnology CHINA
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Cas Key Laborotary of Nanosystem and Hierarcheical Frabration CHINA
| | - Xugang Guo
- Southern University of Science and Technology Materials Science and Engineering No 1088, Xueyuan Rd. Xili, Nanshan 518055 Shenzhen CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li H, Liu C, Wang X, Wang J, Li P, Xie G, Jiang Y, Chen R, Tao Y. Achieving Balanced Electrical Performance of Host Material through Dual N-P═O Resonance Linkage for Efficient Electroluminescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25834-25841. [PMID: 35608074 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-performance host materials is one of the biggest challenges for blue and white thermally activated delayed-fluorescence (TADF) organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology due to the rigorous requirements of both efficient carrier flux ability and high triplet energy (ET) levels in static donor-acceptor molecules. Here, with the aid of a dual-resonance strategy, a host molecule showing dynamic adaption features in the acceptor-resonance-donor-resonance-acceptor (A-r-D-r-A) molecular configuration has been successfully developed through the implantation of two acceptors of diphenylphosphine oxide into electron-donating 5,10-dihydrophenazine with N-P═O resonance linkages. Owing to the dual enantiotropic N+═P-O- resonances, the designed A-r-D-r-A molecule exhibits an extraordinarily balanced charge flux transportation attribute at high ET (2.96 eV). Excitingly, blue and warm-white TADF OLEDs hosted by the A-r-D-r-A molecule exhibit outstanding external quantum efficiencies of 14.7 and 20.3%, respectively. Our studies not only broaden the scope of resonance molecules but also indicate that a resonance structure is an effective linkage to develop optoelectronic materials with dynamically adaptive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiangchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gaozhan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunbo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Runfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
A thriving decade: rational design, green synthesis, and cutting-edge applications of isoindigo-based conjugated polymers in organic field-effect transistors. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
28
|
Kulszewicz-Bajer I, Nowakowski R, Zagórska M, Maranda-Niedbała A, Mech W, Wróbel Z, Drapała J, Wielgus I, Korona KP. Copolymers Containing 1-Methyl-2-phenyl-imidazole Moieties as Permanent Dipole Generating Units: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Photovoltaic Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030915. [PMID: 35164178 PMCID: PMC8840365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
New donor–acceptor conjugated alternating or random copolymers containing 1-methyl-2-phenylbenzimidazole and benzothiadiazole (P1), diketopyrrolopyrrole (P4), or both acceptors (P2) are reported. The specific feature of these copolymers is the presence of a permanent dipole-bearing moiety (1-methyl-2-phenyl imidazole (MPI)) fused with the 1,4-phenylene ring of the polymer main chain. For comparative reasons, polymers of the same main chain but deprived of the MPI group were prepared, namely, P5 with diketopyrrolopyrrole and P3 with both acceptors. The presence of the permanent dipole results in an increase of the optical band gap from 1.51 eV in P3 to 1.57 eV in P2 and from 1.49 eV in P5 to 1.55 eV in P4. It also has a measurable effect on the ionization potential (IP) and electrochemical band gap (EgCV), leading to their decrease from 5.00 and 1.83 eV in P3 to 4.92 and 1.79 eV in P2 as well as from 5.09 and 1.87 eV in P5 to 4.94 and 1.81 eV in P4. Moreover, the presence of permanent dipole lowers the exciton binding energy (Eb) from 0.32 eV in P3 to 0.22 eV in P2 and from 0.38 eV in P5 to 0.26 eV in P4. These dipole-induced changes in the polymer properties should be beneficial for photovoltaic applications. Bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated from these polymers (with PC71BM acceptor) show low series resistance (rs), indicating good electrical transport properties. The measured power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.54% is limited by the unfavorable morphology of the active layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kulszewicz-Bajer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (I.W.)
- Correspondence: (I.K.-B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Robert Nowakowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (R.N.); (A.M.-N.)
| | - Małgorzata Zagórska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (I.W.)
- Correspondence: (I.K.-B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Agnieszka Maranda-Niedbała
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (R.N.); (A.M.-N.)
| | - Wojciech Mech
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (W.M.); (K.P.K.)
| | - Zbigniew Wróbel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jakub Drapała
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (I.W.)
| | - Ireneusz Wielgus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (J.D.); (I.W.)
| | - Krzysztof P. Korona
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (W.M.); (K.P.K.)
| |
Collapse
|