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Sun N, Han Y, Huang W, Xu M, Wang J, An X, Lin J, Huang W. A Holistic Review of C = C Crosslinkable Conjugated Molecules in Solution-Processed Organic Electronics: Insights into Stability, Processibility, and Mechanical Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309779. [PMID: 38237201 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processable organic conjugated molecules (OCMs) consist of a series of aromatic units linked by σ-bonds, which present a relatively freedom intramolecular motion and intermolecular re-arrangement under external stimulation. The cross-linked strategy provides an effective platform to obtain OCMs network, which allows for outstanding optoelectronic, excellent physicochemical properties, and substantial improvement in device fabrication. An unsaturated double carbon-carbon bond (C = C) is universal segment to construct crosslinkable OCMs. In this review, the authors will set C = C cross-linkable units as an example to summarize the development of cross-linkable OCMs for solution-processable optoelectronic applications. First, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the distinctive chemical, physical, and optoelectronic properties arising from the cross-linking strategies employed in OCMs. Second, the methods for probing the C = C cross-linking reaction are also emphasized based on the perturbations of chemical structure and physicochemical property. Third, a series of model C = C cross-linkable units, including styrene, trifluoroethylene, and unsaturated acid ester, are further discussed to design and prepare novel OCMs. Furthermore, a concise overview of the optoelectronic applications associated with this approach is presented, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells (SCs), and field-effect transistors (FETs). Lastly, the authors offer a concluding perspective and outlook for the improvement of OCMs and their optoelectronic application via the cross-linking strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yamin Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wenxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiang An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
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2
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Shen Q, Song G, Lin H, Bai H, Huang Y, Lv F, Wang S. Sensing, Imaging, and Therapeutic Strategies Endowing by Conjugate Polymers for Precision Medicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310032. [PMID: 38316396 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) have promising applications in biomedical fields, such as disease monitoring, real-time imaging diagnosis, and disease treatment. As a promising luminescent material with tunable emission, high brightness and excellent stability, CPs are widely used as fluorescent probes in biological detection and imaging. Rational molecular design and structural optimization have broadened absorption/emission range of CPs, which are more conductive for disease diagnosis and precision therapy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the application of CPs, aiming to elucidate their structural and functional relationships. The fluorescence properties of CPs and the mechanism of detection signal amplification are first discussed, followed by an elucidation of their emerging applications in biological detection. Subsequently, CPs-based imaging systems and therapeutic strategies are illustrated systematically. Finally, recent advancements in utilizing CPs as electroactive materials for bioelectronic devices are also investigated. Moreover, the challenges and outlooks of CPs for precision medicine are discussed. Through this systematic review, it is hoped to highlight the frontier progress of CPs and promote new breakthroughs in fundamental research and clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Gang Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hongrui Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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3
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Song J, Liu H, Zhao Z, Lin P, Yan F. Flexible Organic Transistors for Biosensing: Devices and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2300034. [PMID: 36853083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable biosensors can offer seamless and conformable biological-electronic interfaces for continuously acquiring high-fidelity signals, permitting numerous emerging applications. Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are ideal transducers for flexible and stretchable biosensing due to their soft nature, inherent amplification function, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, low cost, and device diversity. In consideration of the rapid advances in flexible-OTFT-based biosensors and their broad applications, herein, a timely and comprehensive review is provided. It starts with a detailed introduction to the features of various OTFTs including organic field-effect transistors and organic electrochemical transistors, and the functionalization strategies for biosensing, with a highlight on the seminal work and up-to-date achievements. Then, the applications of flexible-OTFT-based biosensors in wearable, implantable, and portable electronics, as well as neuromorphic biointerfaces are detailed. Subsequently, special attention is paid to emerging stretchable organic transistors including planar and fibrous devices. The routes to impart stretchability, including structural engineering and material engineering, are discussed, and the implementations of stretchable organic transistors in e-skin and smart textiles are included. Finally, the remaining challenges and the future opportunities in this field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Song
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials and Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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4
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Zhou Z, Luo N, Cui T, Luo L, Pu M, Wang Y, He F, Jia C, Shao X, Zhang HL, Liu Z. Pre-Endcapping of Hyperbranched Polymers toward Intrinsically Stretchable Semiconductors with Good Ductility and Carrier Mobility. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313312. [PMID: 38318963 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The advancement of semiconducting polymers stands as a pivotal milestone in the quest to realize wearable electronics. Nonetheless, endowing semiconductor polymers with stretchability without compromising their carrier mobility remains a formidable challenge. This study proposes a "pre-endcapping" strategy for synthesizing hyperbranched semiconducting polymers (HBSPs), aiming to achieve the balance between carrier mobility and stretchability for organic electronics. The findings unveil that the aggregates formed by the endcapped hyperbranched network structure not only ensure efficient charge transport but also demonstrate superior tensile resistance. In comparison to linear conjugated polymers, HBSPs exhibit substantially larger crack onset strains and notably diminished tensile moduli. It is evident that the HBSPs surpass their linear counterparts in terms of both their semiconducting and mechanical properties. Among HBSPs, HBSP-72h-2.5 stands out as the preeminent candidate within the field of inherently stretchable semiconducting polymers, maintaining 93% of its initial mobility even when subjected to 100% strain (1.41 ± 0.206 cm2 V-1 s-1). Furthermore, thin film devices of HBSP-72h-2.5 remain stable after undergoing repeated stretching and releasing cycles. Notably, the mobilities are independent of the stretching directions, showing isotropic charge transport behavior. The preliminary study makes this "pre-endcapping" strategy a potential candidate for the future design of organic materials for flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tianqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mingrui Pu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Feng He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chunyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Wang S, Zhao K, Li J, Yu X, Zhang Q, Han Y. Microstructural Evolution of P(NDI2OD-T2) Films with Different Molecular Weight during Stretching Deformation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300624. [PMID: 38018318 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers exhibit excellent electrical and mechanical properties when their molecular weight (Mw) is above the critical molecular weight (Mc). The microstructural changes of polymers under strain are crucial to establish a structure-performance relationship. Herein, the tensile deformation of P(NDI2OD-T2) is visualized, and cracks are revealed either along the (100) crystal plane of side chain packing or along the main chain direction which depends on the Mw is below or above the Mc. When Mw < Mc, the film cracks along the (100) plane under small strains. When Mw > Mc, the polymer chains first undergo stretch-induced orientation and then fracture along the main chain direction at large strains. This is attributed to the fact that the low Mw film exhibits large crystalline domains and the absence of interdomain connectivity, which are vulnerable to mechanical stress. In contrast, the high Mw film displays a nearly amorphous morphology with adequate entanglements, the molecular chains can endure stresses in the stretching direction to release substantial strain energy under greater mechanical deformation. Therefore, the film with Mw > Mc exhibits the optimal electrical and mechanical performances simultaneously, i.e., the electron mobility is retained under 100% strain and after 100 stretching-releasing cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Kefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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6
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Chang Y, Huang YH, Lin PS, Hong SH, Tung SH, Liu CL. Enhanced Electrical Conductivity and Mechanical Properties of Stretchable Thermoelectric Generators Formed by Doped Semiconducting Polymer/Elastomer Blends. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3764-3777. [PMID: 38226590 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Recent research efforts have concentrated on the development of flexible and stretchable thermoelectric (TE) materials. However, significant challenges have emerged, including increased resistance and reduced electrical conductivity when subjected to strain. To address these issues, rigid semiconducting polymers and elastic insulating polymers have been incorporated and nanoconfinement effects have been exploited to enhance the charge mobility. Herein, a feasible approach is presented for fabricating stretchable TE materials by using a doped semiconducting polymer blend consisting of either poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) or poly(3,6-dithiophen-2-yl-2,5-di(2-decyltetradecyl)-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione-alt-thienylenevinylene-2,5-yl) (PDVT-10) as the rigid polymer with styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) as the elastic polymer. In particular, the blend composition is optimized to achieve a continuous network structure with SEBS, thereby improving the stretchability. The optimized polymer films exhibit well-ordered microstructural aggregates, indicative of good miscibility with FeCl3 and enhanced doping efficiency. Notably, a lower activation energy and higher charge-carrier concentration contribute to an improved electrical conductivity under high tensile strain, with a maximum output power of 1.39 nW at a ΔT of 22.4 K. These findings offer valuable insights and serve as guidelines for the development of stretchable p-n junction thermoelectric generators based on doped semiconducting polymer blends with potential applications in wearable electronics and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shen Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Huan Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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7
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Huang W, Liu X, Ding Z, Wang Z, Xu C, Li R, Wang S, Wu Y, Qin R, Han Y, Geng Y, Liu SF, Han Y, Zhao K. Aligned Conjugated Polymer Nanofiber Networks in an Elastomer Matrix for High-Performance Printed Stretchable Electronics. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:441-449. [PMID: 38109494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer films are promising in wearable X-ray detection. However, achieving optimal film microstructure possessing good electrical and detection performance under large deformation via scalable printing remains challenging. Herein, we report bar-coated high-performance stretchable films based on a conjugated polymer P(TDPP-Se) and elastomer SEBS blend by optimizing the solution-processing conditions. The moderate preaggregation in solution and prolonged growth dynamics from a solvent mixture with limited dissolving capacity is critical to forming aligned P(TDPP-Se) chains/crystalline nanofibers in the SEBS phase with enhanced π-π stacking for charge transport and stress dissipation. The film shows a large elongation at break of >400% and high mobilities of 5.29 cm2 V-1 s-1 at 0% strain and 1.66 cm2 V-1 s-1 over 500 stretch-release cycles at 50% strain, enabling good X-ray imaging with a high sensitivity of 1501.52 μC Gyair-1 cm-2. Our work provides a morphology control strategy toward high-performance conjugated polymer film-based stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zicheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chenhui Xu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Shumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Ru Qin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
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8
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Wu HC, Nikzad S, Zhu C, Yan H, Li Y, Niu W, Matthews JR, Xu J, Matsuhisa N, Arunachala PK, Rastak R, Linder C, Zheng YQ, Toney MF, He M, Bao Z. Highly stretchable polymer semiconductor thin films with multi-modal energy dissipation and high relative stretchability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8382. [PMID: 38104194 PMCID: PMC10725446 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stretchable polymer semiconductors (PSCs) have seen great advancements alongside the development of soft electronics. But it remains a challenge to simultaneously achieve high charge carrier mobility and stretchability. Herein, we report the finding that stretchable PSC thin films (<100-nm-thick) with high stretchability tend to exhibit multi-modal energy dissipation mechanisms and have a large relative stretchability (rS) defined by the ratio of the entropic energy dissipation to the enthalpic energy dissipation under strain. They effectively recovered the original molecular ordering, as well as electrical performance, after strain was released. The highest rS value with a model polymer (P4) exhibited an average charge carrier mobility of 0.2 cm2V-1s-1 under 100% biaxial strain, while PSCs with low rS values showed irreversible morphology changes and rapid degradation of electrical performance under strain. These results suggest rS can be used as a parameter to compare the reliability and reversibility of stretchable PSC thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Shayla Nikzad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Chenxin Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Hongping Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, US
| | - Yang Li
- Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, 14831, US
| | - Weijun Niu
- Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, 14831, US
| | | | - Jie Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, US
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | | | - Reza Rastak
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Christian Linder
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Yu-Qing Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, US
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, US
| | - Mingqian He
- Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, 14831, US.
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, US.
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9
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Chen J, Zhou J, Li N, Ding Y, Ren S, Zeng M. Novel Divinyl-Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymer, Based on a Dimerization Strategy for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4546. [PMID: 38232014 PMCID: PMC10707771 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this communication, we report a novel acceptor structural unit, TVDPP, that can be distinguished from classical materials based on TDPP structures. By designing a synthetic route via retrosynthetic analysis, we successfully prepared this monomer and further prepared polymer P2TVDPP with high yield using a Stille-coupling polymerization reaction. The polymer showed several expected properties, such as high molecular weight, thermal stability, full planarity, small π-π stacking distance, smooth interface, and so on. The absorption spectra and energy levels of the polymer were characterized via photochemical and electrochemical analysis. The organic field-effect transistor (OFET), which is based on P2TVDPP, exhibited excellent carrier mobility and an on/off current ratio of 0.41 cm2 V-1 s-1 and ~107, respectively, which is an important step in expanding the significance of DPP-based materials in the field of optoelectronic devices and organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Na Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Minfeng Zeng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
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10
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Chang TW, Weng YC, Tsai YT, Jiang Y, Matsuhisa N, Shih CC. Chain-Kinked Design: Improving Stretchability of Polymer Semiconductors through Nonlinear Conjugated Linkers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37897812 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of the polymer backbone structure has a profound influence on the crystalline behavior and charge transport characteristics of polymers. These strategies are commonly employed to optimize the performance of stretchable polymer semiconductors. However, a universal method that can be applied to conjugated polymers with different donor-acceptor combinations is still lacking. In this study, we propose a universal strategy to boost the stretchability of polymers by incorporating the nonlinear conjugated linker (NCL) into the main chain. Specifically, we incorporate meta-dibromobenzene (MB), characterized by its asymmetric linkage sites, as the NCL into the backbone of diketopyrrolopyrrole-thiophene-based (DPP-based) polymers. Our research demonstrates that the introduction of MB prompts chain-kinking, thereby disrupting the linearity and central symmetry of the DPP conjugated backbone. This modification reshapes the polymer conformation, decreasing the radius of gyration and broadening the free volume, which consequently adjusts the level of crystallinity, leading to a considerable increase in the stretchability of the polymer. Importantly, this method increases stretchability without compromising mobility and exhibits broad applicability across a wide range of donor-acceptor pair polymers. Leveraging this strategy, fully stretchable transistors were fabricated using a DPP polymer that incorporates 10 mol % of MB. These transistors display a mobility of approximately 0.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 and prove remarkably durable, maintaining 90% of this mobility even after enduring 1000 cycles at 25% strain. Overall, we propose a method to systematically control the main-chain conformation, thereby enhancing the stretchability of conjugated polymers in a widely applicable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Weng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
| | - Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Chien-Chung Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
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11
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Zhuo Z, Ni M, An X, Bai L, Liang X, Yang J, Zheng Y, Liu B, Sun N, Sun L, Wei C, Yu N, Chen W, Li M, Xu M, Lin J, Huang W. Intrinsically Stretchable and Efficient Fully Π-Conjugated Polymer via Internal Plasticization for Flexible Deep-Blue Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes with CIE y = 0.08. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303923. [PMID: 37435996 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable polymeric semiconductors are essential to flexible polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) owing to their excellent strain tolerance capacity under long-time deformation operation. Obtaining intrinsic stretchability, robust emission properties, and excellent charge-transport behavior simultaneously from fully π-conjugated polymers (FCPs) is difficult, particularly for applications in deep-blue PLEDs. Herein, an internal plasticization strategy is proposed to introduce a phenyl-ester plasticizer into polyfluorenes (PF-MC4, PF-MC6, and PF-MC8) for narrowband deep-blue flexible PLEDs. Compared with controlled poly[4-(octyloxy)-9,9-diphenylfluoren-2,7-diyl]-co-[5-(octyloxy)-9,9-diphenylfluoren-2,7-diyl] (PODPFs) (2.5%), the freestanding PF-MC8 thin film shows a fracture strain of >25%. The three stretchable films exhibit stable and efficient deep-blue emission (PLQY > 50%) because of the encapsulation of π-conjugated backbone via pendant phenyl-ester plasticizers. The PF-MC8-based PLEDs show deep-blue emission, which corresponds to CIE and EQE values of (0.16, 0.10) and 1.06%, respectively. Finally, the narrowband deep-blue electroluminescence (FWHM of ≈25 nm; CIE coordinates: (0.15, 0.08)) and performance of the transferred PLEDs based on the PF-MC8 stretchable film are independent of the tensile ratio (up to 45%); however, they show a maximum brightness of 1976 cd m-2 at a ratio of 35%. Therefore, internal plasticization is a promising approach for designing intrinsically stretchable FCPs for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mingjian Ni
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiang An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lubing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ningning Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wenyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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12
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Wang Z, Lin H, Zhang M, Yu W, Zhu C, Wang P, Huang Y, Lv F, Bai H, Wang S. Water-soluble conjugated polymers for bioelectronic systems. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1210-1233. [PMID: 36752220 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01520j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronics is an interdisciplinary field of research that aims to establish a synergy between electronics and biology. Contributing to a deeper understanding of bioelectronic processes and the built bioelectronic systems, a variety of new phenomena, mechanisms and concepts have been derived in the field of biology, medicine, energy, artificial intelligence science, etc. Organic semiconductors can promote the applications of bioelectronics in improving original performance and creating new features for organisms due to their excellent photoelectric and electrical properties. Recently, water-soluble conjugated polymers (WSCPs) have been employed as a class of ideal interface materials to regulate bioelectronic processes between biological systems and electronic systems, relying on their satisfying ionic conductivity, water-solubility, good biocompatibility and the additional mechanical and electrical properties. In this review, we summarize the prominent contributions of WSCPs in the aspect of the regulation of bioelectronic processes and highlight the latest advances in WSCPs for bioelectronic applications, involving biosynthetic systems, photosynthetic systems, biophotovoltaic systems, and bioelectronic devices. The challenges and outlooks of WSCPs in designing high-performance bioelectronic systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongrui Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Wen Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chuanwei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Yiming Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Haotian Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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13
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Yu X, Chen L, Li C, Gao C, Xue X, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zhang D. Intrinsically Stretchable Polymer Semiconductors with Good Ductility and High Charge Mobility through Reducing the Central Symmetry of the Conjugated Backbone Units. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209896. [PMID: 36772843 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductors are highly demanding for flexible electronics. However, it still remains challenging to achieve synergy between intrinsic stretchability and charge transport property properly for polymer semiconductors. In this paper, terpolymers are reported as intrinsically stretchable polymeric semiconductors with good ductility and high charge mobility simultaneously by incorporation of non-centrosymmetric spiro[cycloalkane-1,9'-fluorene] (spiro-fluorene) units into the backbone of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based conjugated polymers. The results reveal that these terpolymers show obviously high crack onset strains and their tensile moduli are remarkably reduced, by comparing with the parent DPP-based conjugated polymer without spiro-fluorene units. They exhibit simultaneously high charge mobilities (>1.0 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) at 100% strain and even after repeated stretching and releasing cycles for 500 times under 50% strain. The terpolymer P2, in which cyclopropane is linked to the spiro-fluorene unit, is among the best reported intrinsically stretchable polymer semiconductors with record mobility up to 3.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 at even 150% strain and 1.4 cm2 V-1 s-1 after repeated stretching and releasing cycles for 1000 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenying Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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14
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Liu H, Liu D, Yang J, Gao H, Wu Y. Flexible Electronics Based on Organic Semiconductors: from Patterned Assembly to Integrated Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206938. [PMID: 36642796 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic flexible electronic devices are at the forefront of the electronics as they possess the potential to bring about a major lifestyle revolution owing to outstanding properties of organic semiconductors, including solution processability, lightweight and flexibility. For the integration of organic flexible electronics, the precise patterning and ordered assembly of organic semiconductors have attracted wide attention and gained rapid developments, which not only reduces the charge crosstalk between adjacent devices, but also enhances device uniformity and reproducibility. This review focuses on recent advances in the design, patterned assembly of organic semiconductors, and flexible electronic devices, especially for flexible organic field-effect transistors (FOFETs) and their multifunctional applications. First, typical organic semiconductor materials and material design methods are introduced. Based on these organic materials with not only superior mechanical properties but also high carrier mobility, patterned assembly strategies on flexible substrates, including one-step and two-step approaches are discussed. Advanced applications of flexible electronic devices based on organic semiconductor patterns are then highlighted. Finally, future challenges and possible directions in the field to motivate the development of the next generation of flexible electronics are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Liu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Junchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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15
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Peng Z, Xian K, Liu J, Zhang Y, Sun X, Zhao W, Deng Y, Li X, Yang C, Bian F, Geng Y, Ye L. Unraveling the Stretch-Induced Microstructural Evolution and Morphology-Stretchability Relationships of High-Performance Ternary Organic Photovoltaic Blends. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207884. [PMID: 36333886 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The stretchability and stretch-induced structural evolution of organic solar cells (OSCs) are pivotal for their collapsible, portable, and wearable applications, and they are mainly affected by the complex morphology of active layers. Herein, a highly ductile conjugated polymer P(NDI2OD-T2) is incorporated into the active layers of high-efficiency OSCs based on nonfullerene small molecule acceptors to simultaneously investigate the morphological, mechanical, and photovoltaic properties and structural evolution under stretching of ternary blend films with various acceptor contents. The structural robustness of the blend films is indicated by their stretch-induced structural evolution, which is monitored in real-time by a combination of in situ wide/small angle X-ray scattering. It is found that adding the soft P(NDI2OD-T2) can enhance the stretchability and structural robustness of ternary blend films by more entangled chains and tie chains to dissipate strain. Furthermore, the stretchability of the ternary blends can be superbly predicted by a 3D equivalent box model. This work provides instructive insight and guidance for designing stretchable electronics and predicting the stretchability of multicomponent blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiang Peng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Xiaokang Sun
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Chunming Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Fenggang Bian
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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16
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Bian Y, Liu K, Ran Y, Li Y, Gao Y, Zhao Z, Shao M, Liu Y, Kuang J, Zhu Z, Qin M, Pan Z, Zhu M, Wang C, Chen H, Li J, Li X, Liu Y, Guo Y. Spatially nanoconfined N-type polymer semiconductors for stretchable ultrasensitive X-ray detection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7163. [PMID: 36418862 PMCID: PMC9684452 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer semiconductors are promising candidates for wearable and skin-like X-ray detectors due to their scalable manufacturing, adjustable molecular structures and intrinsic flexibility. Herein, we fabricated an intrinsically stretchable n-type polymer semiconductor through spatial nanoconfinement effect for ultrasensitive X-ray detectors. The design of high-orientation nanofiber structures and dense interpenetrating polymer networks enhanced the electron-transporting efficiency and stability of the polymer semiconductors. The resultant polymer semiconductors exhibited an ultrahigh sensitivity of 1.52 × 104 μC Gyair-1 cm-2, an ultralow detection limit of 37.7 nGyair s-1 (comparable to the record-low value of perovskite single crystals), and polymer film X-ray imaging was achieved at a low dose rate of 3.65 μGyair s-1 (about 1/12 dose rate of the commercial medical chest X-ray diagnosis). Meanwhile, the hybrid semiconductor films could sustain 100% biaxial stretching strain with minimal degeneracy in photoelectrical performances. These results provide insights into future high-performance, low-cost e-skin photoelectronic detectors and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangshuang Bian
- grid.418929.f0000 0004 0596 3295Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Kai Liu
- grid.418929.f0000 0004 0596 3295Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yang Ran
- grid.418929.f0000 0004 0596 3295Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yi Li
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Yuanhong Gao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- grid.418929.f0000 0004 0596 3295Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Mingchao Shao
- grid.418929.f0000 0004 0596 3295Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- grid.418929.f0000 0004 0596 3295Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Junhua Kuang
- grid.418929.f0000 0004 0596 3295Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhiheng Zhu
- grid.418929.f0000 0004 0596 3295Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Mingcong Qin
- grid.418929.f0000 0004 0596 3295Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhichao Pan
- grid.418929.f0000 0004 0596 3295Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Mingliang Zhu
- grid.418929.f0000 0004 0596 3295Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- grid.418929.f0000 0004 0596 3295Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Hu Chen
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Jia Li
- grid.499351.30000 0004 6353 6136College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118 China
| | - Xifeng Li
- grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072 China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- grid.418929.f0000 0004 0596 3295Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- grid.418929.f0000 0004 0596 3295Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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17
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Abstract
Conjugated polymers have been actively studied as an alternative to inorganic semiconductors for their unique optical and electrical properties and low-cost solution processability. However, typical conjugated polymer films contain numerous defects that negatively affect their transport properties, which remains a major issue despite much effort to develop ways to improve the molecular packing structure. In principle, conjugated block copolymers (BCPs) composed of a rod-type conjugated polymer and a coil-type insulating polymer can assemble into various types of ordered nanostructures based on the microphase segregation of two polymer blocks. However, such assembly typically requires a relatively large volume fraction of the coil block or modification of the rod block, both of which tend to impede charge transport. As an alternative, we and others have fabricated nanoscale assemblies of conjugated BCPs via solution-phase self-assembly, which can be used as building blocks for construction of extended nanoarrays of conjugated polymers. In particular, BCPs containing poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a conjugated polymer widely used for its high hole mobility, form highly ordered and technologically relevant one-dimensional (1D) nanowires with controlled lengths. A range of well-defined assembly structures such as square plates, ribbons, vesicles, and helices have been prepared from various conjugated BCPs, resembling those of peptide self-assembly, forming diverse nanostructures through combinations of π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions.When the self-assembly of P3HT BCPs takes place at an air-water interface, the initially formed polymer nanowires further assemble into hierarchical two-dimensional (2D) nanoarrays with solvent evaporation. The fluidic nature of the water subphase allows fabrication of highly ordered assembly structures from P3HT BCPs with high P3HT content. The ultrathin free-standing film integrated in a field effect transistor (FET) showed orders of magnitude higher current and hole mobility compared to that fabricated by conventional spin-coating. Furthermore, binary self-assembly of a P3HT BCP and quantum dots (QDs) at the air-water interface generates well-ordered 2D films of alternating P3HT nanowires and 1D QD arrays. Unlike coil-coil BCP systems, QDs reside at the interface between P3HT and coil blocks for a broad range of QD sizes due to the strong P3HT packing interactions and the flexible water subphase, forming tight p-n junctions for enhanced photocurrent. Incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles can further improve the degree of order, enabling fabrication of long-range order and direction-controlled P3HT nanoarrays through magnetic-field induced self-assembly.The conjugated BCP approach is highly modular and can be combined with various types of functional molecules, polymers, and nanoparticles, offering a powerful platform for fabrication of functional polymer nanostructures with desired morphologies and properties. This Account introduces recent advances in the self-assembly of π-conjugated BCPs, describes how they differ from prototypical coil-coil type BCPs, and discusses current issues and future outlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulki Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ga-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
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18
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Zheng Y, Zhang S, Tok JBH, Bao Z. Molecular Design of Stretchable Polymer Semiconductors: Current Progress and Future Directions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4699-4715. [PMID: 35262336 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable polymer semiconductors have advanced rapidly in the past decade as materials required to realize conformable and soft skin-like electronics become available. Through rational molecular-level design, stretchable polymer semiconductor films are now able to retain their electrical functionalities even when subjected to repeated mechanical deformations. Furthermore, their charge-carrier mobilities are on par with the best flexible polymer semiconductors, with some even exceeding that of amorphous silicon. The key advancements are molecular-design concepts that allow multiple strain energy-dissipation mechanisms, while maintaining efficient charge-transport pathways over multiple length scales. In this perspective article, we review recent approaches to confer stretchability to polymer semiconductors while maintaining high charge carrier mobilities, with emphasis on the control of both polymer-chain dynamics and thin-film morphology. Additionally, we present molecular design considerations toward intrinsically elastic semiconductors that are needed for reliable device operation under reversible and repeated deformation. A general approach involving inducing polymer semiconductor nanoconfinement allows for incorporation of several other desired functionalities, such as biodegradability, self-healing, and photopatternability, while enhancing the charge transport. Lastly, we point out future directions, including advancing the fundamental understanding of morphology evolution and its correlation with the change of charge transport under strain, and needs for strain-resilient polymer semiconductors with high mobility retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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19
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Balakrishnan G, Song J, Mou C, Bettinger CJ. Recent Progress in Materials Chemistry to Advance Flexible Bioelectronics in Medicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106787. [PMID: 34751987 PMCID: PMC8917047 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Designing bioelectronic devices that seamlessly integrate with the human body is a technological pursuit of great importance. Bioelectronic medical devices that reliably and chronically interface with the body can advance neuroscience, health monitoring, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Recent major efforts focus on investigating strategies to fabricate flexible, stretchable, and soft electronic devices, and advances in materials chemistry have emerged as fundamental to the creation of the next generation of bioelectronics. This review summarizes contemporary advances and forthcoming technical challenges related to three principal components of bioelectronic devices: i) substrates and structural materials, ii) barrier and encapsulation materials, and iii) conductive materials. Through notable illustrations from the literature, integration and device fabrication strategies and associated challenges for each material class are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiwoo Song
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Chenchen Mou
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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20
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Mitobe R, Sasaki Y, Tang W, Zhou Q, Lyu X, Ohshiro K, Kamiko M, Minami T. Multi-Oxyanion Detection by an Organic Field-Effect Transistor with Pattern Recognition Techniques and Its Application to Quantitative Phosphate Sensing in Human Blood Serum. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22903-22911. [PMID: 35040626 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We herein report an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) based chemical sensor for multi-oxyanion detection with pattern recognition techniques. The oxyanions ubiquitously play versatile roles in biological systems, and accessing the chemical information they provide would potentially facilitate fundamental research in diagnosis and pharmacology. In this regard, phosphates in human blood serum would be a promising indicator for early case detection of significant diseases. Thus, the development of an easy-to-use chemical sensor for qualitative and quantitative detection of oxyanions is required in real-world scenarios. To this end, an extended-gate-type OFET has been functionalized with a metal complex consisting of 2,2'-dipicolylamine and a copper(II) ion (CuII-dpa), allowing a compact chemical sensor for oxyanion detection. The OFET combined with a uniform CuII-dpa-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on the extended-gate gold electrode shows a cross-reactive response, which suggests a discriminatory power for pattern recognition. Indeed, the qualitative detection of 13 oxyanions (i.e., hydrogen monophosphate, pyrophosphate, adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine triphosphate, terephthalate, phthalate, isophthalate, malonate, oxalate, lactate, benzoate, and acetate) has been demonstrated by only using a single OFET-based sensor with linear discriminant analysis, which has shown 100% correct classification. The OFET has been further applied to the quantification of hydrogen monophosphate in human blood serum using a support vector machine (SVM). The multiple predictions of hydrogen monophosphate at 49 and 89 μM have been successfully realized with low errors, which indicates that the OFET-based sensor with pattern recognition techniques would be a practical sensing platform for medical assays. We believe that a combination of the OFET functionalized with the SAM-based recognition scaffold and powerful pattern recognition methods can achieve multi-analyte detection from just a single sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riho Mitobe
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yui Sasaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Wei Tang
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Qi Zhou
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Xiaojun Lyu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kohei Ohshiro
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Masao Kamiko
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Minami
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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21
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Chen F, Nakano K, Kaji Y, Adachi K, Hashizume D, Tajima K. Triphenyleno[1,2- c:7,8- c']bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) as a V-Shaped Electron-Deficient Unit to Construct Wide-Bandgap Amorphous Polymers for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57743-57749. [PMID: 34813278 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The backbone shape of semiconducting polymers strongly affects their electronic properties and morphologies in films, yet the conventional design principle for building blocks focuses on using linear main chains to maintain high crystallinity. Here, we developed a V-shaped unit, triphenyleno[1,2-c:7,8-c']bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) (TPTz), featuring two 1,2,5-thiadiazole rings fused to a triphenylene core with strong electron-withdrawing properties and an extended conjugation plane. We used TPTz to prepare a highly soluble copolymer, PTPTz-indacenodithiophene (IDT), which exhibited a wide bandgap of 1.94 eV and energy levels suitable for the donor polymer in organic solar cells (OSCs) in combination with non-fullerene acceptors. Despite the amorphous nature of the polymer film, single-junction OSCs with PTPTz-IDT:Y6 as the active layer achieved a power conversion efficiency of 10.4% (JSC = 19.8 mA cm-2; VOC = 0.80 V; fill factor = 0.66), which is the highest value reported for a single-junction OSC with IDT-based donor polymers. This work demonstrates that TPTz is a promising electron-acceptor unit for developing functional polymers with zigzag structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengkun Chen
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kyohei Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kaji
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Adachi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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