1
|
Johnson F, Rendell-Bhatti F, Esser BD, Hussey A, McComb DW, Zemen J, Boldrin D, Cohen LF. The Impact of Local Strain Fields in Noncollinear Antiferromagnetic Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401180. [PMID: 38618946 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Antiferromagnets hosting structural or magnetic order that breaks time reversal symmetry are of increasing interest for "beyond von Neumann" computing applications because the topology of their band structure allows for intrinsic physical properties, exploitable in integrated memory and logic function. One such group are the noncollinear antiferromagnets. Essential for domain manipulation is the existence of small net moments found routinely when the material is synthesized in thin film form and attributed to symmetry breaking caused by spin canting, either from the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction or from strain. Although the spin arrangement of these materials makes them highly sensitive to strain, there is little understanding about the influence of local strain fields caused by lattice defects on global properties, such as magnetization and anomalous Hall effect. This premise is investigated by examining noncollinear antiferromagnetic films that are either highly lattice mismatched or closely matched to their substrate. In either case, edge dislocation networks are generated and for the former case, these extend throughout the entire film thickness, creating large local strain fields. These strain fields allow for finite intrinsic magnetization in seemingly structurally relaxed films and influence the antiferromagnetic domain state and the intrinsic anomalous Hall effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freya Johnson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | - Bryan D Esser
- Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
| | - Aisling Hussey
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02PN40, Ireland
| | - David W McComb
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - Jan Zemen
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, Prague, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Boldrin
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Lesley F Cohen
- Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gnoli L, Benini M, Del Conte C, Riminucci A, Rakshit RK, Singh M, Sanna S, Yadav R, Lin KW, Mezzi A, Achilli S, Molteni E, Marino M, Fratesi G, Dediu V, Bergenti I. Enhancement of Magnetic Stability in Antiferromagnetic CoO Films by Adsorption of Organic Molecules. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2024; 6:3138-3146. [PMID: 38828040 PMCID: PMC11137817 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.3c01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Antiferromagnets are a class of magnetic materials of great interest in spintronic devices because of their stability and ultrafast dynamics. When interfaced with an organic molecular layer, antiferromagnetic (AF) films are expected to form a spinterface that can allow fine control of specific AF properties. In this paper, we investigate spinterface effects on CoO, an AF oxide. To access the magnetic state of the antiferromagnet, we couple it to a ferromagnetic Co film via an exchange bias (EB) effect. In this way, the formation of a spinterface is detected through changes induced on the CoO/Co EB system. We demonstrate that C60 and Gaq3 adsorption on CoO shifts its blocking temperature; in turn, an increase in both the EB fields and the coercivities is observed on the EB-coupled Co layer. Ab initio calculations for the CoO/C60 interface indicate that the molecular adsorption is responsible for a charge redistribution on the CoO layer that alters the occupation of the d orbitals of Co atoms and, to a smaller extent, the p orbitals of oxygen. As a result, the AF coupling between Co atoms in the CoO is enhanced. Considering the granular nature of CoO, a larger AF stability upon molecular adsorption is then associated with a larger number of AF grains that are stable upon reversal of the Co layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gnoli
- CNR
ISMN, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Corrado Del Conte
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy “A. Righi”, University of Bologna, Via Berti-Pichat 6/2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Manju Singh
- CNR
ISMN, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Samuele Sanna
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy “A. Righi”, University of Bologna, Via Berti-Pichat 6/2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roshni Yadav
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, National
Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Wei Lin
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, National
Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Alessio Mezzi
- CNR
ISMN, Via Salaria km
29.300, 00015 Monterotondo
Scalo, Italy
| | - Simona Achilli
- Physics
Department, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Molteni
- Physics
Department, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Marino
- Physics
Department, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Fratesi
- Physics
Department, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jo J, Mañas-Valero S, Coronado E, Casanova F, Gobbi M, Hueso LE. Nonvolatile Electric Control of Antiferromagnet CrSBr. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4471-4477. [PMID: 38587318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
van der Waals magnets are emerging as a promising material platform for electric field control of magnetism, offering a pathway toward the elimination of external magnetic fields from spintronic devices. A further step is the integration of such magnets with electrical gating components that would enable nonvolatile control of magnetic states. However, this approach remains unexplored for antiferromagnets, despite their growing significance in spintronics. Here, we demonstrate nonvolatile electric field control of magnetoelectric characteristics in van der Waals antiferromagnet CrSBr. We integrate a CrSBr channel in a flash-memory architecture featuring charge trapping graphene multilayers. The electrical gate operation triggers a nonvolatile 200% change in the antiferromagnetic state of CrSBr resistance by manipulating electron accumulation/depletion. Moreover, the nonvolatile gate modulates the metamagnetic transition field of CrSBr and the magnitude of magnetoresistance. Our findings highlight the potential of manipulating magnetic properties of antiferromagnetic semiconductors in a nonvolatile way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhyeon Jo
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Marco Gobbi
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC) Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Luis E Hueso
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Houmes MJA, Baglioni G, Šiškins M, Lee M, Esteras DL, Ruiz AM, Mañas-Valero S, Boix-Constant C, Baldoví JJ, Coronado E, Blanter YM, Steeneken PG, van der Zant HSJ. Magnetic order in 2D antiferromagnets revealed by spontaneous anisotropic magnetostriction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8503. [PMID: 38129381 PMCID: PMC10739885 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The temperature dependent order parameter provides important information on the nature of magnetism. Using traditional methods to study this parameter in two-dimensional (2D) magnets remains difficult, however, particularly for insulating antiferromagnetic (AF) compounds. Here, we show that its temperature dependence in AF MPS3 (M(II) = Fe, Co, Ni) can be probed via the anisotropy in the resonance frequency of rectangular membranes, mediated by a combination of anisotropic magnetostriction and spontaneous staggered magnetization. Density functional calculations followed by a derived orbital-resolved magnetic exchange analysis confirm and unravel the microscopic origin of this magnetization-induced anisotropic strain. We further show that the temperature and thickness dependent order parameter allows to deduce the material's critical exponents characterising magnetic order. Nanomechanical sensing of magnetic order thus provides a future platform to investigate 2D magnetism down to the single-layer limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurits J A Houmes
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Gabriele Baglioni
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Makars Šiškins
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lee
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dorye L Esteras
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Alberto M Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Carla Boix-Constant
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Jose J Baldoví
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Yaroslav M Blanter
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G Steeneken
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Z, Lou H, Yan X, Liu Y, Yang G. 2D antiferromagnetic semiconducting FeCN with interesting properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32416-32420. [PMID: 38010895 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional magnetic materials have demonstrated favorable properties (e.g., large spin polarization and net magnetization) for the development of next-generation spintronic devices. The discovery of such materials and insight into their magnetic coupling mechanism has become a research focus. Here, on the basis of first-principles structural search calculations, we have identified a fresh FeCN monolayer consisting of edge-sharing Fe triangle sublattices and FeC3N2 rings, which integrates antiferromagnetism, semiconductivity, and planarity. Interestingly, it possesses a large magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of 614 μeV per Fe atom, a narrow band gap (Eg) of 0.47 eV, a large magnetic moment of 3.15 μB, and a proper Néel temperature (TN) of 97 K. The direct exchange between the nearest-neighbor Fe atoms in the triangle sublattice is mainly responsible for the AFM ordering. Its high structural stability, stemming from the collective contribution of covalent C-C and C-N bonds, ionic Fe-N bonds, and metallic Fe-Fe bonds, provides a strong feasibility for experimental synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Huan Lou
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Guochun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu S, Malik IA, Zhang VL, Yu T. Lightning the Spin: Harnessing the Potential of 2D Magnets in Opto-Spintronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2306920. [PMID: 37905890 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of 2D magnets in 2017, the diversity of these materials has greatly expanded. Their 2D nature (atomic-scale thickness) endows these magnets with strong magnetic anisotropy, layer-dependent and switchable magnetic order, and quantum-confined quasiparticles, which distinguish them from conventional 3D magnetic materials. Moreover, the 2D geometry facilitates light incidence for opto-spintronic applications and potential on-chip integration. In analogy to optoelectronics based on optical-electronic interactions, opto-spintronics use light-spin interactions to process spin information stored in the solid state. In this review, opto-spintronics is divided into three types with respect to the wavelengths of radiation interacting with 2D magnets: 1) GHz (microwave) to THz (mid-infrared), 2) visible, and 3) UV to X-rays. It is focused on the recent research advancements on the newly discovered mechanisms of light-spin interactions in 2D magnets and introduces the potential design of novel opto-spintronic applications based on these interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | | | - Vanessa Li Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He J, Li S, Frauenheim T, Zhou Z. Ultrafast Laser Pulse Induced Transient Ferrimagnetic State and Spin Relaxation Dynamics in Two-Dimensional Antiferromagnets. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8348-8354. [PMID: 37642209 PMCID: PMC10510573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
We employ real-time time-dependent density functional theory (rt-TDDFT) and ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) to systematically investigate the ultrafast laser pulses induced spin transfer and relaxation dynamics of two-dimensional (2D) antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic (AFM/FM) MnPS3/MnSe2 van der Waals heterostructures. We demonstrate that laser pulses can induce a ferrimagnetic (FiM) state in the AFM MnPS3 layer within tens of femtoseconds and maintain it for subpicosecond time scale before reverting to the AFM state. We identify the mechanism in which the asymmetric optical intersite spin transfer (OISTR) effect occurring within the sublattices of the AFM and FM layers drives the interlayer spin-selective charge transfer, leading to the transition from AFM to FiM state. Furthermore, the unequal electron-phonon coupling of spin-up and spin-down channels of AFM spin sublattice causes an inequivalent spin relaxation, in turn extending the time scale of the FiM state. These findings are essential for designing novel optical-driven ultrafast 2D magnetic switches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie He
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Shuo Li
- Institute
of Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | | | - Zhaobo Zhou
- Bremen
Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Z, Lou H, Han F, Yan X, Liu Y, Yang G. An antiferromagnetic semiconducting FeCN 2 monolayer with a large magnetic anisotropy and strong magnetic coupling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21521-21527. [PMID: 37545317 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02267f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials with an intrinsic semiconductivity, a high critical temperature, and a sizable magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) have attracted extensive attention because they show promise for high-performance spintronic nanodevices. Here, we have identified a new FeCN2 monolayer with a unique zigzag Fe chain through first-principles swarm structural search calculations. It is an AFM semiconductor with a direct band gap of 2.04 eV, a Néel temperature (TN) of 176 K, and a large in-plane MAE of 0.50 meV per Fe atom. More interestingly, the intrinsic antiferromagnetism, contributed by the strong magnetic coupling of neighbouring Fe ions, can be maintained under the external biaxial strains. A large cohesive energy and high dynamical stability favor synthesis and application. Therefore, these fascinating properties of the FeCN2 monolayer make it a promising nanoscale spintronic material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Huan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanjunjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Guochun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| |
Collapse
|