1
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Wan S, Qu K, Shi Y, Li Z, Wang Z, Dai C, Tang J, Li Z. Multidimensional Encryption by Chip-Integrated Metasurfaces. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18693-18700. [PMID: 38958405 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Facing the challenge of information security in the current era of information technology, optical encryption based on metasurfaces presents a promising solution to this issue. However, most metasurface-based encryption techniques rely on limited decoding keys and struggle to achieve multidimensional complex encryption. It hinders the progress of optical storage capacity and puts encryption security at a disclosing risk. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a multidimensional encryption system based on chip-integrated metasurfaces that successfully incorporates the simultaneous manipulation of three-dimensional optical parameters, including wavelength, direction, and polarization. Hence, up to eight-channel augmented reality (AR) holograms are concealed by near- and far-field fused encryption, which can only be extracted by correctly providing the three-dimensional decoding keys and then vividly exhibit to the authorizer with low crosstalk, high definition, and no zero-order speckle noise. We envision that the miniature chip-integrated metasurface strategy for multidimensional encryption functionalities promises a feasible route toward the encryption capacity and information security enhancement of the anticounterfeiting performance and optically cryptographic storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wan
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kening Qu
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yangyang Shi
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zejing Wang
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chenjie Dai
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhongyang Li
- Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Suzhou Institute of Wuhan University, Suzhou 215123, China
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2
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Zeng J, Zhang J, Dong Y, Wang J. Full-Dimensional Geometric-Phase Spatial Light Metamodulation. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38949164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Full-dimensional spatial light modulation requires simultaneous, arbitrary, and independent manipulation of the spatial phase, amplitude, and polarization. This is crucial for leveraging the complete physical dimension resources of light. However, full-dimensional metamodulation can be challenging due to the need for multiple independent control factors. To address this challenge, here we propose parallel-tasking metasurfaces to enable full-dimensional spatial light metamodulation based fully on the geometric-phase concept. Indeed, the meta-atoms are divided into several subphases, each of which serves as an independent control factor to manipulate light phase, amplitude, and polarization through geometric phase, interference, and orthogonal polarization superposition, respectively. Therefore, the macroscopic group of meta-atoms leads to metasurfaces that can achieve broadband full-dimensional spatial light metamodulation, as demonstrated by various types of structured light generation. This approach paves the way to future wide applications of light manipulation enabled by full-dimensional spatial light metamodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zeng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
| | - Jinrun Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
| | - Yajuan Dong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, China
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3
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Kim J, Im JH, So S, Choi Y, Kang H, Lim B, Lee M, Kim YK, Rho J. Dynamic Hyperspectral Holography Enabled by Inverse-Designed Metasurfaces with Oblique Helicoidal Cholesterics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311785. [PMID: 38456592 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are flat arrays of nanostructures that allow exquisite control of phase and amplitude of incident light. Although metasurfaces offer new active element for both fundamental science and applications, the challenge still remains to overcome their low information capacity and passive nature. Here, by integrating an inverse-designed-metasurface with oblique helicoidal cholesteric liquid crystal (ChOH), simultaneous spatial and spectral tunable metasurfaces with a high information capacity for dynamic hyperspectral holography, are demonstrated. The inverse design facilitates a single-phase map encoding of ten independent holographic images at different wavelengths. ChOH provides precise spectral modulation with narrow bandwidth and wide tunable regime in response to programmed stimuli, thus enabling dynamic switching of the multicolor holography. The results provide simple and generalizable principles for the rational design of interactive metasurfaces that will find numerous applications, including security platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyung Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunae So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongseon Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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4
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Wang Z, Qian C, Lin P, Zheng B, Kim G, Noh J, Li E, Rho J, Chen H. 3D Intelligent Cloaked Vehicle Equipped with Thousand-Level Reconfigurable Full-Polarization Metasurfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2400797. [PMID: 38801201 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
A crucial aspect in shielding a variety of advanced electronic devices from electromagnetic detection involves controlling the flow of electromagnetic waves, akin to invisibility cloaks. Decades ago, the exploration of transformation optics heralded the dawn of modern invisibility cloaks, which has stimulated immense interest across various physical scenarios. However, most prior research is simplified to low-dimensional and stationary hidden objects, limiting their practical applicability in a dynamically changing world. This study develops a 3D large-scale intelligent cloak capable of remaining undetectable even in non-stationary conditions. By employing thousand-level reconfigurable full-polarization metasurfaces, this work has achieved an exceptionally high degree of freedom in sculpting the scattering waves as desired. Serving as the core computational unit, a hybrid inverse design enables the cloaked vehicle to respond in real-time, with a rapid reaction time of just 70 ms. These experiments integrate the cloaked vehicle with a perception-decision-control-execution system and evaluate its performance under random static positions and dynamic travelling trajectories, achieving a background scattering matching degree of up to 93.3%. These findings establish a general paradigm for the next generation of intelligent meta-devices in real-world settings, potentially paving the way for an era of "Electromagnetic Internet of Things."
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhedong Wang
- ZJU-UIUC Institute, Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chao Qian
- ZJU-UIUC Institute, Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Pujing Lin
- ZJU-UIUC Institute, Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- ZJU-UIUC Institute, Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Gyeongtae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebum Noh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Erping Li
- ZJU-UIUC Institute, Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Departmenf of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- ZJU-UIUC Institute, Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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5
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Yang Y, Jung W, Hur C, Kim H, Shin J, Choi M, Rho J. Angle-Resolved Polarimetry with Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum Plasmonic Metamaterials via 3D Aerosol Nanoprinting. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12771-12780. [PMID: 38708928 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic metamaterials, featuring well-arranged subwavelength nanostructures, facilitate effective coupling between electrical dipoles and incident electromagnetic waves. This coupling allows for unique optical responses including localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BIC). While 3D plasmonic metamaterials with LSPR and q-BIC have been independently explored for sensors, achieving simultaneous optical responses in the near-infrared region remains challenging. Here, we present 3D plasmonic metamaterials that integrate LSPR and q-BIC within a single π-shaped plasmonic structure, fabricated using a 3D aerosol nanoprinting technique. This printing technique controls the local electrostatic field to precisely position charged metallic nanoaerosols, enabling parallel printing of π-shaped plasmonic structures under ambient conditions. The printed π-shaped plasmonic structures exhibit two distinct optical modes: x-polarization-sensitive LSPR and transverse magnetic mode-sensitive q-BIC within the near-infrared region. Exploiting these dual optical responses, we demonstrate simultaneous polarization detection and incident angle analysis by integrating the π-shaped plasmonic structures into commercial Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, termed "numerical aperture-detective polarimetry". This approach holds promise for evaluating alignment in optical and imaging systems with light distribution analysis. Furthermore, the 3D aerosol nanoprinting technique provides an avenue for fabricating 3D plasmonic metamaterials with intricate geometries and optical properties, expanding their potential applications in nano-optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghwan Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooik Jung
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Creative Convergence Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Changnyeong Hur
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Shin
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mansoo Choi
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSCTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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6
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Wang B, Wei R, Shi H, Bao Y. Dynamic Spatial-Selective Metasurface with Multiple-Beam Interference. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5886-5893. [PMID: 38687301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of the metasurface has provided a versatile platform for the manipulation of light at the nanoscale. Recent research in metasurfaces has explored a plethora of dynamic control and switching of multifunctionalities, paving the way for innovative applications in fields such as imaging, sensing, and communication. However, current dynamic multifunctional metasurfaces face challenges in terms of functional scalability and selective activation. In this work, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a strategy that utilizes multiple plane waves to create arbitrary periodic patterns on the metasurface, thus enabling the dynamic and arbitrary spatial-selective activation of its embedded multiplexed functionalities. Furthermore, our strategy facilitates dynamic light control through mechanical translation, as demonstrated by a high-speed, dynamically switchable beam deflection scenario. Our method effectively overcomes the limitations associated with traditional spatially multiplexing techniques, offering greater flexibility and selectivity for dynamic control in multifunctional metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyou Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Hongsheng Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yanjun Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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7
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Zhang K, Lin Y, Qiu Y, Zhao X, Zheng S, Dong Y, Zhong Q, Hu T. Nanoimprinted TiO 2 Metasurfaces with Reduced Meta-Atom Aspect Ratio and Enhanced Performance for Holographic Imaging. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2273. [PMID: 38793343 PMCID: PMC11123217 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Metasurface holograms, with the capability to manipulate spatial light amplitudes and phases, are considered next-generation solutions for holographic imaging. However, conventional fabrication approaches for meta-atoms are heavily dependent on electron-beam lithography (EBL), a technique known for its expensive and time-consuming nature. In this paper, a polarization-insensitive metasurface hologram is proposed using a cost-effective and rapid nanoimprinting method with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle loaded polymer (NLP). Based on a simulation, it has been found that, despite a reduction in the aspect ratio of meta-atoms of nearly 20%, which is beneficial to silicon master etching, NLP filling, and the mold release processes, imaging efficiency can go up to 54% at wavelength of 532 nm. In addition, it demonstrates acceptable imaging quality at wavelengths of 473 and 671 nm. Moreover, the influence of fabrication errors and nanoimprinting material degradation in terms of residual layer thickness, meta-atom loss or fracture, thermal-induced dimensional variation, non-uniform distribution of TiO2 particles, etc., on the performance is investigated. The simulation results indicate that the proposed device exhibits a high tolerance to these defects, proving its applicability and robustness in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201899, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Connected Vehicle Interaction Chip and System, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuqi Lin
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201899, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Connected Vehicle Interaction Chip and System, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201899, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Connected Vehicle Interaction Chip and System, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xingyan Zhao
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201899, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Connected Vehicle Interaction Chip and System, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shaonan Zheng
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201899, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Connected Vehicle Interaction Chip and System, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201899, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Connected Vehicle Interaction Chip and System, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qize Zhong
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201899, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Connected Vehicle Interaction Chip and System, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ting Hu
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201899, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Connected Vehicle Interaction Chip and System, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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8
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Yin Y, Jiang Q, Wang H, Liu J, Xie Y, Wang Q, Wang Y, Huang L. Multi-Dimensional Multiplexed Metasurface Holography by Inverse Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312303. [PMID: 38372628 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Multi-dimensional multiplexed metasurface holography extends holographic information capacity and promises revolutionary advancements for vivid imaging, information storage, and encryption. However, achieving multifunctional metasurface holography by forward design method is still difficult because it relies heavily on Jones matrix engineering, which places high demands on physical knowledge and processing technology. To break these limitations and simplify the design process, here, an end-to-end inverse design framework is proposed. By directly linking the metasurface to the reconstructed images and employing a loss function to guide the update of metasurface, the calculation of hologram can be omitted; thus, greatly simplifying the design process. In addition, the requirements on the completeness of meta-library can also be significantly reduced, allowing multi-channel hologram to be achieved using meta-atoms with only two degrees of freedom, which is very friendly to processing. By exploiting the proposed method, metasurface hologram containing up to 12 channels of multi-wavelength, multi-plane, and multi-polarization is designed and experimentally demonstrated, which exhibits the state-of-the-art information multiplexing capacity of the metasurface composed of simple meta-atoms. This method is conducive to promoting the intelligent design of multifunctional meta-devices, and it is expected to eventually accelerate the application of meta-devices in colorful display, imaging, storage and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyao Yin
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yiyang Xie
- Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Qiuhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongtian Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lingling Huang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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9
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Gong J, Xiong L, Pu M, Li X, Ma X, Luo X. Visible Meta-Displays for Anti-Counterfeiting with Printable Dielectric Metasurfaces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308687. [PMID: 38342615 PMCID: PMC11077653 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Metasurfaces, 2D arrays of nanostructures, have gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to manipulate light at the subwavelength scale. Their diverse applications range from advanced optical devices to sensing and imaging technologies. However, the mass production of dielectric metasurfaces with tailored properties for visible light has remained a challenge. Therefore, the demand for efficient and cost-effective fabrication methods for metasurfaces has driven the continuing development of various techniques. In this research article, a high-throughput production method is presented for multifunctional dielectric metasurfaces in the visible light range using one-step high-index TiO2-polymer composite (TPC) printing, which is a variant of nanoprinting lithography (NIL) for the direct replication of patterned multifunctional dielectric metasurfaces using a TPC material as the printing ink. The batch fabrication of dielectric metasurfaces is demonstrated with controlled geometry and excellent optical response, enabling high-performance light-matter interactions for potential applications of visible meta-displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
| | - Lingxing Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Mingbo Pu
- National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiaoliang Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiangang Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano‐Fabrication and Micro‐EngineeringInstitute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610209China
- College of Materials Sciences and Opto‐Electronic TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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10
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Kang H, Oh D, Jeon N, Kim J, Kim H, Badloe T, Rho J. Tailoring high-refractive-index nanocomposites for manufacturing of ultraviolet metasurfaces. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:53. [PMID: 38654843 PMCID: PMC11035676 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has been utilized to address the manufacturing challenges of high cost and low throughput for optical metasurfaces. To overcome the limitations inherent in conventional imprint resins characterized by a low refractive index (n), high-n nanocomposites have been introduced to directly serve as meta-atoms. However, comprehensive research on these nanocomposites is notably lacking. In this study, we focus on the composition of high-n zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticle (NP) concentration and solvents used to produce ultraviolet (UV) metaholograms and quantify the transfer fidelity by the measured conversion efficiency. The utilization of 80 wt% ZrO2 NPs in MIBK, MEK, and acetone results in conversion efficiencies of 62.3%, 51.4%, and 61.5%, respectively, at a wavelength of 325 nm. The analysis of the solvent composition and NP concentration can further enhance the manufacturing capabilities of high-n nanocomposites in NIL, enabling potential practical use of optical metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkyo Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, Republic of Korea
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11
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Zhou J, Jiang L, Yu G, Wang J, Wu Y, Wang J. Solution to the issue of high-order diffraction images for cylindrical computer-generated holograms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:14978-14993. [PMID: 38859160 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The cylindrical computer-generated hologram (CCGH), featuring a 360° viewing zone, has garnered widespread attention. However, the issue of high-order diffraction images due to pixelated structure in CCGH has not been previously reported and solved. For a cylindrical model offering a 360° viewing zone in the horizontal direction, the high-order diffraction images always overlap with the reconstruction image, leading to quality degradation. Furthermore, the 4f system is commonly used to eliminate high-order diffraction images in planar CGH, but its implementation is predictably complex for a cylindrical model. In this paper, we propose a solution to the issue of high-order diffraction images for CCGH. We derive the cylindrical diffraction formula from the outer hologram surface to the inner object surface in the spectral domain, and based on this, we subsequently analyze the effects brought by the pixel structure and propose the high-order diffraction model. Based on the proposed high-order diffraction model, we use the gradient descent method to optimize CCGH accounting for all diffraction orders simultaneously. Furthermore, we discuss the issue of circular convolution due to the periodicity of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in cylindrical diffraction. The correctness of the proposed high-order diffraction model and the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method are demonstrated by numerical simulation. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the issue of high-order diffraction images in CCGH has been proposed, and we believe our solution can offer valuable guidance to practitioners in the field.
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12
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Xiao W, Wang S. On-chip optical wavefront shaping by transverse-spin-induced Pancharatanam-Berry phase. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1915-1918. [PMID: 38621038 DOI: 10.1364/ol.521060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) metasurfaces can be applied to manipulate the phase and polarization of light within subwavelength thickness. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the geometric phase originating from the longitudinal spin of light. Here, we demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, a new type of PB geometric phase derived from the intrinsic transverse spin of guided light. Using full-wave numerical simulations, we show that the rotation of a metallic nano-bar sitting on a metal substrate can induce a geometric phase covering 2π full range for the surface plasmons carrying an intrinsic transverse spin. Especially, the geometric phase is different for the surface plasmons propagating in opposite directions due to spin-momentum locking. We apply the geometric phase to design metasurfaces to manipulate the wavefront of surface plasmons to achieve steering and focusing. Our work provides a new mechanism for on-chip light manipulations with potential applications in designing ultra-compact optical devices for imaging and sensing.
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13
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Jin Z, Ren Q, Chen T, Dai Z, Shu F, Fang B, Hong Z, Shen C, Mei S. Vision transformer empowered physics-driven deep learning for omnidirectional three-dimensional holography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:14394-14404. [PMID: 38859385 DOI: 10.1364/oe.519400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The inter-plane crosstalk and limited axial resolution are two key points that hinder the performance of three-dimensional (3D) holograms. The state-of-the-art methods rely on increasing the orthogonality of the cross-sections of a 3D object at different depths to lower the impact of inter-plane crosstalk. Such strategy either produces unidirectional 3D hologram or induces speckle noise. Recently, learning-based methods provide a new way to solve this problem. However, most related works rely on convolution neural networks and the reconstructed 3D holograms have limited axial resolution and display quality. In this work, we propose a vision transformer (ViT) empowered physics-driven deep neural network which can realize the generation of omnidirectional 3D holograms. Owing to the global attention mechanism of ViT, our 3D CGH has small inter-plane crosstalk and high axial resolution. We believe our work not only promotes high-quality 3D holographic display, but also opens a new avenue for complex inverse design in photonics.
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14
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Kim J, Kim H, Kang H, Kim W, Chen Y, Choi J, Lee H, Rho J. A water-soluble label for food products prevents packaging waste and counterfeiting. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:293-300. [PMID: 38575840 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Sustainability, humidity sensing and product origin are important features of food packaging. While waste generated from labelling and packaging causes environmental destruction, humidity can result in food spoilage during delivery and counterfeit-prone labelling undermines consumer trust. Here we introduce a food label based on a water-soluble nanocomposite ink with a high refractive index that addresses these issues. By patterning the nanocomposite ink using nanoimprint lithography, the resultant metasurface shows bright and vivid structural colours. This method makes it possible to quickly and inexpensively create patterns on large surfaces. A QR code is also developed that can provide up-to-date information on food products. Microprinting hidden in the QR code protects against counterfeiting, cannot be physically detached or replicated and may be used as a humidity indicator. Our proposed food label can reduce waste while ensuring customers receive accurate product information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Chen
- Materials, Engineering and Manufacturing Research Group, Scion, Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Jonghyun Choi
- Bioengineering Technology Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Deng M, Cotrufo M, Wang J, Dong J, Ruan Z, Alù A, Chen L. Broadband angular spectrum differentiation using dielectric metasurfaces. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2237. [PMID: 38472224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal processing is of critical importance for various science and technology fields. Analog optical processing can provide an effective solution to perform large-scale and real-time data processing, superior to its digital counterparts, which have the disadvantages of low operation speed and large energy consumption. As an important branch of modern optics, Fourier optics exhibits great potential for analog optical image processing, for instance for edge detection. While these operations have been commonly explored to manipulate the spatial content of an image, mathematical operations that act directly over the angular spectrum of an image have not been pursued. Here, we demonstrate manipulation of the angular spectrum of an image, and in particular its differentiation, using dielectric metasurfaces operating across the whole visible spectrum. We experimentally show that this technique can be used to enhance desired portions of the angular spectrum of an image. Our approach can be extended to develop more general angular spectrum analog meta-processors, and may open opportunities for optical analog data processing and biological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Michele Cotrufo
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jianji Dong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhichao Ruan
- School of Physics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, and State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
| | - Lin Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518063, China.
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16
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Peng C, Huang T, Chen C, Liu H, Liang X, Li Z, Yu S, Zheng G. Switchable Two-Dimensional AND and Exclusive OR Operation Based on Dual-Wavelength Metasurfaces. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4424-4431. [PMID: 38276787 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Logic operation serves as the foundation and core element of computing networks; it will bring huge vitality to advanced information processing with its adaptation in the optical domain. As fundamental logic operations, AND and exclusive OR (XOR) operations serve a multitude of purposes, such as their ability to cooperate in enabling image processing and interpretation. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a wavelength multiplexed AND and XOR function based on metasurfaces. By combining two cosine gratings with distinct frequencies and an initial phase difference of π/2, we extract the similarities and differences between two input images simultaneously by illuminating them with 445 and 633 nm wavelengths. Additionally, we explore its potential in information encryption, where overall security is enhanced by distributing distinct parts of initial information and encoded keys to different receivers. This design possesses the benefits of convenient mode switching and high-quality imaging, facilitating advanced applications in pattern recognition, machine vision, medical diagnosis, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Peng
- Electronic Information School, and School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tian Huang
- Electronic Information School, and School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongchao Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Electronic Information School, and School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zile Li
- Electronic Information School, and School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shaohua Yu
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guoxing Zheng
- Electronic Information School, and School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
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17
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Yang Z, Huang PS, Lin YT, Qin H, Chen J, Han S, Huang W, Deng ZL, Li B, Zúñiga-Pérez J, Genevet P, Wu PC, Song Q. Asymmetric Full-Color Vectorial Meta-holograms Empowered by Pairs of Exceptional Points. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:844-851. [PMID: 38190513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Holography holds tremendous promise in applications such as immersive virtual reality and optical communications. With the emergence of optical metasurfaces, planar optical components that have the remarkable ability to precisely manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light on the subwavelength scale have expanded the potential applications of holography. However, the realization of metasurface-based full-color vectorial holography remains particularly challenging. Here, we report a general approach utilizing a modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm to achieve spatially aligned full-color display and incorporating wavelength information with an image compensation strategy. We combine the Pancharatnam-Berry phase and pairs of exceptional points to address the issue of redundant twin images that generally appear for the two orthogonal circular polarizations and to enable full polarization control of the vectorial field. Our results enable the realization of an asymmetric full-color vectorial meta-hologram, paving the way for the development of full-color display, complex beam generation, and secure data storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Yang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Po-Sheng Huang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsung Lin
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Haoye Qin
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sanyang Han
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zi-Lan Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bo Li
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jesús Zúñiga-Pérez
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
- Majulab, International Research Laboratory IRL 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 117543
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Patrice Genevet
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
- Physics Department, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Pin Chieh Wu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research & Technology (QFort), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Meta-nanoPhotonics Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Qinghua Song
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Suzhou Laboratory, Suzhou 215123, China
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18
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Latif S, Kim J, Khaliq HS, Mahmood N, Ansari MA, Chen X, Akbar J, Badloe T, Zubair M, Massoud Y, Mehmood MQ, Rho J. Spin-Selective Angular Dispersion Control in Dielectric Metasurfaces for Multichannel Meta-Holographic Displays. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:708-714. [PMID: 38165767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Angle-dependent next-generation displays have potential applications in 3D stereoscopic and head-mounted displays, image combiners, and encryption for augmented reality (AR) and security. Metasurfaces enable such exceptional functionalities with groundbreaking achievements in efficient displays over the past decades. However, limitations in angular dispersion control make them unfit for numerous nanophotonic applications. Here, we propose a spin-selective angle-dependent all-dielectric metasurface with a unique design strategy to manifest distinct phase information at different incident angles of light. As a proof of concept, the phase masks of two images are encoded into the metasurface and projected at the desired focal plane under different angles of left circularly polarized (LCP) light. Specifically, the proposed multifunctional metasurface generates two distinct holographic images under LCP illumination at angles of +35 and -35°. The presented holographic displays may provide a feasible route toward multifunctional meta-devices for potential AR displays, encrypted imaging, and information storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Latif
- MicroNano Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hafiz Saad Khaliq
- MicroNano Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afnan Ansari
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Jehan Akbar
- Glasgow College, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610056, China
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yehia Massoud
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- MicroNano Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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19
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Yuan H, Zhang B, Zhong Z. Polarization-encoded optical secret sharing based on a dielectric metasurface incorporating near-field nanoprinting and far-field holography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:43934-43949. [PMID: 38178477 DOI: 10.1364/oe.505549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Metasurface encryption with high concealment and resolution is promising for information security. To improve the encryption security, a polarization-encoded secret sharing scheme based on dielectric metasurface by combining the secret sharing method with nanoprinting and holography is proposed. In this encryption scheme, the secret image is split into camouflaged holograms of different polarization channels and shares a total of 24-1 encryption channels. Benefiting from the secret sharing mechanism, the secret image cannot be obtained by decoding the hologram with a single shared key. Specifically, the secret hologram of a specific channel in the far field can be obtained by specifying the optical key, acquiring the near-field nanoprinting image to determine the combination order for the shared key, and decoding using multiple shared keys. The secret sharing encryption scheme can not only enhance the security level of metasurface encryption, but also increase the number of information channels by predefining camouflage information. We believe that it has important potential applications in large-capacity optical encryption and information storage.
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20
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Liu Q, Chen J, Qiu B, Wang Y, Liu J. DCPNet: a dual-channel parallel deep neural network for high quality computer-generated holography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:35908-35921. [PMID: 38017752 DOI: 10.1364/oe.502503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that a learning-based computer-generated hologram (CGH) has great potential for real-time, high-quality holographic displays. However, most existing algorithms treat the complex-valued wave field as a two-channel spatial domain image to facilitate mapping onto real-valued kernels, which does not fully consider the computational characteristics of complex amplitude. To address this issue, we proposed a dual-channel parallel neural network (DCPNet) for generating phase-only holograms (POHs), taking inspiration from the double phase amplitude encoding method. Instead of encoding the complex-valued wave field in the SLM plane as a two-channel image, we encode it into two real-valued phase elements. Then the two learned sub-POHs are sampled by the complementary 2D binary grating to synthesize the desired POH. Simulation and optical experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The simulation results indicate that the DCPNet is capable of generating high-fidelity 2k POHs in 36 ms. The optical experiments reveal that the DCPNet has excellent ability to preserve finer details, suppress speckle noise and improve uniformity in the reconstructed images.
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21
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Yang J, Li LS, He Q, Li C, Qu Y, Wang LV. An ultrahigh-fidelity 3D holographic display using scattering to homogenize the angular spectrum. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi9987. [PMID: 37824613 PMCID: PMC10569707 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) holographic display (3DHD) can preserve all the volumetric information about an object. However, the poor fidelity of 3DHD constrains its applications. Here, we present an ultrahigh-fidelity 3D holographic display that uses scattering for homogenization of angular spectrum. A scattering medium randomizes the incident photons and homogenizes the angular spectrum distribution. The redistributed field is recorded by a photopolymer film with numerous modulation modes and a half-wavelength scale pixel size. We have experimentally improved the contrast of a focal spot to 6 × 106 and tightened its spatial resolution to 0.5 micrometers, respectively ~300 and 4.4 times better than digital approaches. By exploiting the spatial multiplexing ability of the photopolymer and the transmission channel selection capability of the scattering medium, we have realized a dynamic holographic display of 3D spirals consisting of 20 foci across 1 millimeter × 1 millimeter × 26 millimeters with uniform intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamiao Yang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Institute of Marine Equipment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei S. Li
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Qiaozhi He
- Institute of Marine Equipment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chengmingyue Li
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yuan Qu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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22
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So S, Mun J, Park J, Rho J. Revisiting the Design Strategies for Metasurfaces: Fundamental Physics, Optimization, and Beyond. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206399. [PMID: 36153791 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the capabilities of metasurfaces in light modulation with subwavelength thickness have been proven, and metasurfaces are expected to miniaturize conventional optical components and add various functionalities. Herein, various metasurface design strategies are reviewed thoroughly. First, the scalar diffraction theory is revisited to provide the basic principle of light propagation. Then, widely used design methods based on the unit-cell approach are discussed. The methods include a set of simplified steps, including the phase-map retrieval and meta-atom unit-cell design. Then, recently emerging metasurfaces that may not be accurately designed using unit-cell approach are introduced. Unconventional metasurfaces are examined where the conventional design methods fail and finally potential design methods for such metasurfaces are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunae So
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Mun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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Wang J, Yu F, Chen J, Wang J, Chen R, Zhao Z, Chen J, Chen X, Lu W, Li G. Continuous-Spectrum-Polarization Recombinant Optical Encryption with a Dielectric Metasurface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304161. [PMID: 37408327 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The Jones matrix, with eight degrees of freedom (DoFs), provides a general mathematical framework for the multifunctional design of metasurfaces. Theoretically, the maximum eight DoFs can be further extended in the spectrum dimension to endow unique encryption capabilities. However, the topology and intrinsic spectral responses of meta-atoms constrains the continuous engineering of polarization evolution over wavelength dimension. In this work, a forward evolution strategy to quickly establish the mapping relationships between the solutions of the dispersion Jones matrix and the spectral responses of meta-atoms is reported. Based on the eigenvector transformation method, arbitrary conjugate polarization channels over the continuous-spectrum dimension are successfully reconstructed. As a proof-of-concept, a silicon metadevice is demonstrated for optical information encryption transmission. Remarkably, the arbitrary combination forms of polarization and wavelength dimension increase the information capacity (210 ), and the measured polarization contrasts of the conjugate polarization conversion are >94% in the entire wavelength range (3-4 µm). It is believed that the proposed approach will benefit secure optical and quantum information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feilong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Rongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Zengyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 SubLane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 SubLane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Guanhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 SubLane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, 99 Xiupu Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
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24
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Kim HW, Cho M, Lee MC. Three-Dimensional (3D) Visualization under Extremely Low Light Conditions Using Kalman Filter. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7571. [PMID: 37688025 PMCID: PMC10490719 DOI: 10.3390/s23177571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, research on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction under low illumination environment has been reported. Photon-counting integral imaging is one of the techniques for visualizing 3D images under low light conditions. However, conventional photon-counting integral imaging has the problem that results are random because Poisson random numbers are temporally and spatially independent. Therefore, in this paper, we apply a technique called Kalman filter to photon-counting integral imaging, which corrects data groups with errors, to improve the visual quality of results. The purpose of this paper is to reduce randomness and improve the accuracy of visualization for results by incorporating the Kalman filter into 3D reconstruction images under extremely low light conditions. Since the proposed method has better structure similarity (SSIM), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and cross-correlation values than the conventional method, it can be said that the visualization of low illuminated images can be accurate. In addition, the proposed method is expected to accelerate the development of autonomous driving technology and security camera technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Networks, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Myungjin Cho
- School of ICT, Robotics, and Mechanical Engineering, Hankyong National University, IITC, 327 Chungang-ro, Anseong 17579, Kyonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Computer Science and Networks, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
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25
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Abstract
Metalenses have the potential to revolutionize optical devices into the next generation of consumer devices. Through new inventive strategies, metalenses with advanced functionalities have been released to integrate multiple responses into a single flat device. Here, we design metalenses that are sensitive to the incident spin angular momentum to provide three distinct modes based on the handedness of the incident and transmitted light. Propagation phase is employed to encode a hyperbolic lens phase to the metalens, while geometric phase is exploited for additional spin-selective properties. We experimentally demonstrate two different metalenses: the co-polarized channels function as a standard metalens, while the cross-polarized channels (1) deflect and (2) introduce orbital angular momentum to the transmitted light. We experimentally characterize the metalenses and prove their use for spin-selective imaging of visible light. We envision that such trichannel metalenses could be employed in chiral bioimaging, optical computing, and computer vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwa Seong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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26
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Badloe T, Kim Y, Kim J, Park H, Barulin A, Diep YN, Cho H, Kim WS, Kim YK, Kim I, Rho J. Bright-Field and Edge-Enhanced Imaging Using an Electrically Tunable Dual-Mode Metalens. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37490514 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The imaging of microscopic biological samples faces numerous difficulties due to their small feature sizes and low-amplitude contrast. Metalenses have shown great promise in bioimaging as they have access to the complete complex information, which, alongside their extremely small and compact footprint and potential to integrate multiple functionalities into a single device, allow for miniaturized microscopy with exceptional features. Here, we design and experimentally realize a dual-mode metalens integrated with a liquid crystal cell that can be electrically switched between bright-field and edge-enhanced imaging on the millisecond scale. We combine the concepts of geometric and propagation phase to design the dual-mode metalens and physically encode the required phase profiles using hydrogenated amorphous silicon for operation at visible wavelengths. The two distinct metalens phase profiles include (1) a conventional hyperbolic metalens for bright-field imaging and (2) a spiral metalens with a topological charge of +1 for edge-enhanced imaging. We demonstrate the focusing and vortex generation ability of the metalens under different states of circular polarization and prove its use for biological imaging. This work proves a method for in vivo observation and monitoring of the cell response and drug screening within a compact form factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Park
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Aleksandr Barulin
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yen N Diep
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansang Cho
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sik Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ki Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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27
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Yang W, Chen K, Dong S, Wang S, Qu K, Jiang T, Zhao J, Feng Y. Direction-Duplex Janus Metasurface for Full-Space Electromagnetic Wave Manipulation and Holography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37224443 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Janus metasurfaces, a category of two-faced two-dimensional (2D) materials, are emerging as a promising platform for designing multifunctional metasurfaces by exploring the intrinsic propagation direction (k-direction) of electromagnetic waves. Their out-of-plane asymmetry is utilized for achieving distinct functions selectively excited by choosing the propagation directions, providing an effective strategy to meet the growing demand for the integration of more functionalities into a single optoelectronic device. Here, we propose the concept of direction-duplex Janus metasurface for full-space wave control yielding drastically different transmission and reflection wavefronts for the same polarized incidence with opposite k-directions. A series of Janus metasurface devices that enable asymmetric full-space wave manipulations, such as integrated metalens, beam generators, and fully direction-duplex meta-holography, are experimentally demonstrated. We envision the Janus metasurface platform proposed here to open new possibilities toward a broader exploration of creating sophisticated multifunctional meta-devices ranging from microwaves to optical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixu Yang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shufang Dong
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaojie Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kai Qu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junming Zhao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yijun Feng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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28
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Asad A, Kim J, Khaliq HS, Mahmood N, Akbar J, Chani MTS, Kim Y, Jeon D, Zubair M, Mehmood MQ, Massoud Y, Rho J. Spin-isolated ultraviolet-visible dynamic meta-holographic displays with liquid crystal modulators. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:759-766. [PMID: 37128758 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00555g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Wearable displays or head-mounted displays (HMDs) have the ability to create a virtual image in the field of view of one or both eyes. Such displays constitute the main platform for numerous virtual reality (VR)- and augmented reality (AR)-based applications. Meta-holographic displays integrated with AR technology have potential applications in the advertising, media, and healthcare sectors. In the previous decade, dielectric metasurfaces emerged as a suitable choice for designing compact devices for highly efficient displays. However, the small conversion efficiency, narrow bandwidth, and costly fabrication procedures limit the device's functionalities. Here, we proposed a spin-isolated dielectric multi-functional metasurface operating at broadband optical wavelengths with high transmission efficiency in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) regimes. The proposed metasurface comprised silicon nitride (Si3N4)-based meta-atoms with high bandgap, i.e., ∼ 5.9 eV, and encoded two holographic phase profiles. Previously, the multiple pieces of holographic information incorporated in the metasurfaces using interleaved and layer stacking techniques resulted in noisy and low-efficiency outputs. A single planar metasurface integrated with a liquid crystal was demonstrated numerically and experimentally in the current work to validate the spin-isolated dynamic UV-Vis holographic information at broadband wavelengths. In our opinion, the proposed metasurface can have promising applications in healthcare, optical security encryption, anti-counterfeiting, and UV-Vis nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Asad
- MicroNano Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hafiz Saad Khaliq
- MicroNano Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehan Akbar
- Glasgow College, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610056, China
| | | | - Yeseul Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongmin Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- MicroNano Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University (ITU) of the Punjab, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Yehia Massoud
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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29
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Kim J, Kim W, Oh DK, Kang H, Kim H, Badloe T, Kim S, Park C, Choi H, Lee H, Rho J. One-step printable platform for high-efficiency metasurfaces down to the deep-ultraviolet region. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:68. [PMID: 36882418 PMCID: PMC9992517 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A single-step printable platform for ultraviolet (UV) metasurfaces is introduced to overcome both the scarcity of low-loss UV materials and manufacturing limitations of high cost and low throughput. By dispersing zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles in a UV-curable resin, ZrO2 nanoparticle-embedded-resin (nano-PER) is developed as a printable material which has a high refractive index and low extinction coefficient from near-UV to deep-UV. In ZrO2 nano-PER, the UV-curable resin enables direct pattern transfer and ZrO2 nanoparticles increase the refractive index of the composite while maintaining a large bandgap. With this concept, UV metasurfaces can be fabricated in a single step by nanoimprint lithography. As a proof of concept, UV metaholograms operating in near-UV and deep-UV are experimentally demonstrated with vivid and clear holographic images. The proposed method enables repeat and rapid manufacturing of UV metasurfaces, and thus will bring UV metasurfaces more close to real life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyo Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongyoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevon Badloe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojung Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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