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Park C, Park NR, Kwon J, Kim H, Gogotsi Y, Koo CM, Kim MK. Ultrahigh Nonlinear Responses from MXene Plasmons in the Short-Wave Infrared Range. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309189. [PMID: 38530975 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Surface plasmons in 2D materials such as graphene exhibit exceptional field confinement. However, the low electron density of majority of 2D materials, which are semiconductors or semimetals, has limited their plasmons to mid-wave or long-wave infrared regime. This study demonstrates that a 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene with high electron density can not only support strong plasmon confinement with an acoustic plasmon mode in the short-wave infrared region, but also provide ultrahigh nonlinear responses. The acoustic MXene plasmons (AMPs) in the MXene (Ti3C2Tx)-insulator (SiO2)-metal (Au) nanostructure generate in the 1.5-6.0 µm wavelength range, exhibiting a two orders of magnitude reduction in wavelength compared to wavelength in free space. Furthermore, AMP resonators with patterned Au rods exhibit a record-high nonlinear absorption coefficient of 1.37 × 10-2 m W-1 at wavelength of 1.56 µm, ≈3 orders of magnitude greater than the highest value recorded for other 2D materials. These results indicate that MXenes can overcome fundamental plasmon wavelength limitations of previously studied 2D materials, providing groundbreaking opportunities in nonlinear optical applications, including all-optical processing and ultrafast optical switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nu-Ri Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Kwon
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chong Min Koo
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, 16419, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ki Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Gao B, Lepage D, Tong Y, Wang P, Xia W, Niu J, Feng Y, Chen H, Qian H. Large second-order susceptibility from a quantized indium tin oxide monolayer. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:463-470. [PMID: 38168927 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Due to their high optical transparency and electrical conductivity, indium tin oxide thin films are a promising material for photonic circuit design and applications. However, their weak optical nonlinearity has been a substantial barrier to nonlinear signal processing applications. In this study, we show that an atomically thin (~1.5 nm) indium tin oxide film in the form of an air/indium tin oxide/SiO2 quantum well exhibits a second-order susceptibility χ2 of ~1,800 pm V-1. First-principles calculations and quantum electrostatic modelling point to an electronic interband transition resonance in the asymmetric potential energy of the quantum well as the reason for this large χ2 value. As the χ2 value is more than 20 times higher than that of the traditional nonlinear LiNbO3 crystal, our indium tin oxide quantum well design can be an important step towards nonlinear photonic circuit applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Bingtao Gao
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Dominic Lepage
- Institut Quantique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yuanbiao Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wendi Xia
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Junru Niu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yiming Feng
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China.
| | - Haoliang Qian
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- International Joint Innovation Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining, China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China.
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Meng D, Xu M, Li S, Ganesan M, Ruan X, Ravi SK, Cui X. Functional MXenes: Progress and Perspectives on Synthetic Strategies and Structure-Property Interplay for Next-Generation Technologies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304483. [PMID: 37730973 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
MXenes are a class of 2D materials that include layered transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. Since their inception in 2011, they have garnered significant attention due to their diverse compositions, unique structures, and extraordinary properties, such as high specific surface areas and excellent electrical conductivity. This versatility has opened up immense potential in various fields, catalyzing a surge in MXene research and leading to note worthy advancements. This review offers an in-depth overview of the evolution of MXenes over the past 5 years, with an emphasis on synthetic strategies, structure-property relationships, and technological prospects. A classification scheme for MXene structures based on entropy is presented and an updated summary of the elemental constituents of the MXene family is provided, as documented in recent literature. Delving into the microscopic structure and synthesis routes, the intricate structure-property relationships are explored at the nano/micro level that dictate the macroscopic applications of MXenes. Through an extensive review of the latest representative works, the utilization of MXenes in energy, environmental, electronic, and biomedical fields is showcased, offering a glimpse into the current technological bottlenecks, such asstability, scalability, and device integration. Moreover, potential pathways for advancing MXenes toward next-generation technologies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Muthusankar Ganesan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaowen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Sai Kishore Ravi
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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