1
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Kim N, Jeyaraj VS, Elbert J, Seo SJ, Mironenko AV, Su X. Redox-Responsive Halogen Bonding as a Highly Selective Interaction for Electrochemical Separations. JACS AU 2024; 4:2523-2538. [PMID: 39055153 PMCID: PMC11267542 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Leveraging specific noncovalent interactions can broaden the mechanims for selective electrochemical separations beyond solely electrostatic interactions. Here, we explore redox-responsive halogen bonding (XB) for selective electrosorption in nonaqueous media, by taking advantage of directional interactions of XB alongisde a cooperative and synergistic ferrocene redox-center. We designed and evaluated a new redox-active XB donor polymer, poly(5-iodo-4-ferrocenyl-1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole) (P(FcTS-I)), for the electrochemically switchable binding and release of target organic and inorganic ions at a heterogeneous interface. Under applied potential, the oxidized ferrocene amplifies the halogen binding site, leading to significantly enhanced uptake and selectivity towards key inorganic and organic species, including chloride, bisulfate, and benzenesulfonate, compared to the open-circuit potential or the hydrogen bonding donor analog. Density functional theory calculations, as well as spectroscopic analysis, offer mechanistic insight into the degree of amplification of σ-holes at a molecular level, with selectivity modulated by charge transfer and dispersion interactions. Our work highlights the potential of XB in selective electrosorption by uniquely leveraging noncovalent interactions for redox-mediated electrochemical separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeong Kim
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Vijaya S. Jeyaraj
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Johannes Elbert
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sung Jin Seo
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander V. Mironenko
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, University of
Illinois Urbana−Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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2
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Xia W, Li X, Li J, Yan Q, Wang G, Piao X, Zhang K. Narrowband Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Afterglow Materials. Molecules 2024; 29:2343. [PMID: 38792203 PMCID: PMC11123977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Narrowband afterglow materials display interesting functions in high-quality anti-counterfeiting and multiplexed bioimaging. However, there is still a limited exploration of these afterglow materials, especially for those with a full width at half maxima (FWHM) around 30 nm. Here, we report the fabrication of narrowband organic/inorganic hybrid afterglow materials via energy transfer technology. Coronene (Cor) with a long phosphorescence feature and broad phosphorescence band is selected as the donor for energy transfer, and inorganic quantum dots (QDs) of CdSe/ZnS with a narrowband emission are used as acceptors. Upon doping into the organic matrix, the resultant three-component materials exhibit a narrowband afterglow with an afterglow lifetime of approximately 3.4 s and an FWHM of 31 nm. The afterglow wavelength of the afterglow materials can be controlled by the QDs. This work based on organic/inorganic hybrids provides a facile approach for developing multicolor and narrowband afterglow materials, as well as opens a new way for expanding the features of organic afterglow for multifunctional applications. It is expected to rely on narrowband afterglow emitters to solve the "spectrum congestion" problem of high-density information storage in optical anti-counterfeiting and information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China; (W.X.); (J.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (G.W.)
| | - Xun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (G.W.)
| | - Junbo Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China; (W.X.); (J.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (G.W.)
| | - Qianqian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (G.W.)
| | - Guangming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (G.W.)
| | - Xixi Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (G.W.)
| | - Kaka Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China; (W.X.); (J.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Q.Y.); (G.W.)
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3
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Yang J, Ma YX, Zong Y, Sun M, Wang Y, Zhang RL, Feng J, Wang CZ, Zhuo SP, Zhou J, Shi YL, Chen SH, Wang XD, Lin HT. Precise Synthesis of Organic Cocrystal Alloys with Full-Spectrum Emission Characteristics for the Stepless Color Changing Display. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307129. [PMID: 38126615 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic luminescent materials are indispensable in optoelectronic displays and solid-state luminescence applications. Compared with single-component, multi-component crystalline materials can improve optoelectronic characteristics. This work forms a series of full-spectrum tunable luminescent charge-transfer (CT) cocrystals ranging from 400 to 800 nm through intermolecular collaborative self-assembly. What is even more interesting is that o-TCP-Cor(x)-Pe(1-x), p-TCP-Cor(x)-Pe(1-x), and o-TCP-AN(x)-TP(1-x) alloys are prepared based on cocrystals by doping strategies, which correspondingly achieve the stepless color change from blue (CIE [0.22, 0.44]) to green (CIE [0.16, 0.14]), from green (CIE [0.27, 0.56]) to orange (CIE [0.58, 0.42]), from yellow (CIE [0.40, 0.57]) to red (CIE [0.65, 0.35]). The work provides an efficient method for precisely synthesizing new luminescent organic semiconductor materials and lays a solid foundation for developing advanced organic solid-state displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Xin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mao Sun
- School of resources and environmental engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Long Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jin Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Zeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ping Zhuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Li Shi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Hai Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Tao Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P. R. China
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4
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Malpicci D, Maver D, Rosadoni E, Colombo A, Lucenti E, Marinotto D, Botta C, Bellina F, Cariati E, Forni A. 3-Ethynyltriimidazo[1,2- a:1',2'- c:1″,2″- e][1,3,5]triazine Dual Short- and Long-Lived Emissions with Crystallization-Enhanced Feature: Role of Hydrogen Bonds and π-π Interactions. Molecules 2024; 29:1967. [PMID: 38731457 PMCID: PMC11085060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic room temperature phosphorescent (ORTP) materials with stimuli-responsive, multicomponent emissive behaviour are extremely desirable for various applications. The derivative of cyclic triimidazole (TT) functionalized with an ethynyl group, TT-CCH, is isolated and investigated. The compound possesses crystallization-enhanced emission (CEE) comprising dual fluorescence and dual phosphorescence of both molecular and supramolecular origin with aggregation-induced components highly sensitive to grinding. The mechanisms involved in the emissions have been disclosed thanks to combined structural, spectroscopic and computational investigations. In particular, strong CH⋯N hydrogen bonds are deemed responsible, for the first time in the TT family, together with frequently observed π⋯π stacking interactions, for the aggregated fluorescence and phosphorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Malpicci
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (D.M.); (A.C.)
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC) of CNR, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniele Maver
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (D.M.); (A.C.)
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC) of CNR, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Rosadoni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy (F.B.)
| | - Alessia Colombo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (D.M.); (A.C.)
- INSTM Research Unit of Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Lucenti
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC) of CNR, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.L.); (D.M.)
- INSTM Research Unit of Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Marinotto
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC) of CNR, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.L.); (D.M.)
- INSTM Research Unit of Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Botta
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC) of CNR, Via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Fabio Bellina
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy (F.B.)
| | - Elena Cariati
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (D.M.); (A.C.)
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC) of CNR, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.L.); (D.M.)
- INSTM Research Unit of Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Forni
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC) of CNR, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.L.); (D.M.)
- INSTM Research Unit of Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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5
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Feng W, Chen D, Zhao Y, Mu B, Yan H, Barboiu M. Modulation of Deep-Red to Near-Infrared Room-Temperature Charge-Transfer Phosphorescence of Crystalline "Pyrene Box" Cages by Coupled Ion/Guest Structural Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2484-2493. [PMID: 38229260 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Organic cocrystals obtained from multicomponent self-assembly have garnered considerable attention due to their distinct phosphorescence properties and broad applications. Yet, there have been limited reports on cocrystal systems that showcase efficient deep-red to near-infrared (NIR) charge-transfer (CT) phosphorescence. Furthermore, effective strategies to modulate the emission pathways of both fluorescence and phosphorescence remain underexplored. In this work, we dedicated our work to four distinct self-assembled cocrystals called "pyrene box" cages using 1,3,6,8-pyrenetetrasulfonate anions (PTS4-), 4-iodoaniline (1), guanidinium (G+), diaminoguanidinium (A2G+), and hydrated K+ countercations. The binding of such cations to PTS4- platforms adaptively modulates their supramolecular stacking self-assembly with guest molecules 1, allowing to steer the fluorescence and phosphorescence pathways. Notably, the confinement of guest molecule 1 within "pyrene box" PTSK{1} and PTSG{1} cages leads to an efficient deep-red to NIR CT phosphorescence emission. The addition of fuming gases like triethylamine and HCl allows reversible pH modulations of guest binding, which in turn induce a reversible transition of the "pyrene box" cage between fluorescence and phosphorescence states. This capability was further illustrated through a proof-of-concept demonstration in shrimp freshness detection. Our findings not only lay a foundation for future supramolecular designs leveraging weak intermolecular host-guest interactions to engineer excited states in interacting chromophores but also broaden the prospective applications of room-temperature phosphorescence materials in food safety detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixu Feng
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, Shaanxi,China
| | - Dong Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, Shaanxi,China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, Shaanxi,China
| | - Bin Mu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, Shaanxi,China
| | - Hongxia Yan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Hybrid Luminescent Materials and Photonic Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, Shaanxi,China
| | - Mihail Barboiu
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, Adaptive Supramolecular Nano-systems Group, University of Montpellier, ENSCM-CNRS, Place E. Bataillon CC047, Montpellier F-34095, France
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6
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Zhao Y, Yang J, Liang C, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Li G, Qu J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Sun P, Shi J, Tong B, Xie HY, Cai Z, Dong Y. Fused-Ring Pyrrole-Based Near-Infrared Emissive Organic RTP Material for Persistent Afterglow Bioimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317431. [PMID: 38081786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic near-infrared room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials offer remarkable advantages in bioimaging due to their characteristic time scales and background noise elimination. However, developing near-infrared RTP materials for deep tissue imaging still faces challenges since the small band gap may increase the non-radiative decay, resulting in weak emission and short phosphorescence lifetime. In this study, fused-ring pyrrole-based structures were employed as the guest molecules for the construction of long wavelength emissive RTP materials. Compared to the decrease of the singlet energy level, the triplet energy level showed a more effectively decrease with the increase of the conjugation of the substituent groups. Moreover, the sufficient conjugation of fused ring structures in the guest molecule suppresses the non-radiative decay of triplet excitons. Therefore, a near-infrared RTP material (764 nm) was achieved for deep penetration bioimaging. Tumor cell membrane is used to coat RTP nanoparticles (NPs) to avoid decreasing the RTP performance compared to traditional coating by amphiphilic surfactants. RTP NPs with tumor-targeting properties show favorable phosphorescent properties, superior stability, and excellent biocompatibility. These NPs are applied for time-resolved luminescence imaging to eliminate background interference with excellent tissue penetration. This study provides a practical solution to prepare long-wavelength and long-lifetime organic RTP materials and their applications in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyun Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjie Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Gengchen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, P. R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chemical Biology Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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7
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Vainauskas J, Borchers TH, Arhangelskis M, McCormick McPherson LJ, Spilfogel TS, Hamzehpoor E, Topić F, Coles SJ, Perepichka DF, Barrett CJ, Friščić T. Halogen bonding with carbon: directional assembly of non-derivatised aromatic carbon systems into robust supramolecular ladder architectures. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13031-13041. [PMID: 38023516 PMCID: PMC10664517 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04191c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon, although the central element in organic chemistry, has been traditionally neglected as a target for directional supramolecular interactions. The design of supramolecular structures involving carbon-rich molecules, such as arene hydrocarbons, has been limited almost exclusively to non-directional π-stacking, or derivatisation with heteroatoms to introduce molecular assembly recognition sites. As a result, the predictable assembly of non-derivatised, carbon-only π-systems using directional non-covalent interactions remains an unsolved fundamental challenge of solid-state supramolecular chemistry. Here, we propose and validate a different paradigm for the reliable assembly of carbon-only aromatic systems into predictable supramolecular architectures: not through non-directional π-stacking, but via specific and directional halogen bonding. We present a systematic experimental, theoretical and database study of halogen bonds to carbon-only π-systems (C-I⋯πC bonds), focusing on the synthesis and structural analysis of cocrystals with diversely-sized and -shaped non-derivatised arenes, from one-ring (benzene) to 15-ring (dicoronylene) polycyclic atomatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and fullerene C60, along with theoretical calculations and a systematic analysis of the Cambridge Structural Database. This study establishes C-I⋯πC bonds as directional interactions to arrange planar and curved carbon-only aromatic systems into predictable supramolecular motifs. In >90% of herein presented structures, the C-I⋯πC bonds to PAHs lead to a general ladder motif, in which the arenes act as the rungs and halogen bond donors as the rails, establishing a unique example of a supramolecular synthon based on carbon-only molecules. Besides fundamental importance in the solid-state and supramolecular chemistry of arenes, this synthon enables access to materials with exciting properties based on simple, non-derivatised aromatic systems, as seen from large red and blue shifts in solid-state luminescence and room-temperature phosphorescence upon cocrystallisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogirdas Vainauskas
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Tristan H Borchers
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw 1 Pasteura Street Warsaw 02-093 Poland
| | - Laura J McCormick McPherson
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton UK
| | - Toni S Spilfogel
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Ehsan Hamzehpoor
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Filip Topić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Simon J Coles
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton UK
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Christopher J Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
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8
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Kongasseri AA, Ansari SN, Garain S, Wagalgave SM, George SJ. Revisiting organic charge-transfer cocrystals for wide-range tunable, ambient phosphorescence. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12548-12553. [PMID: 38020368 PMCID: PMC10646860 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple and efficient designs that enable a wide range of phosphorescence emission in organic materials have ignited scientific interest across diverse fields. One particularly promising approach is the cocrystallization strategy, where organic cocrystals are ingeniously formed through relatively weaker and dynamic non-covalent interactions. In our present study, we push the boundaries further by extending this cocrystal strategy to incorporate donor-acceptor components, stabilized by various halogen bonding interactions. This non-covalent complexation triggers ambient, charge-transfer phosphorescence (3CT), which can be precisely tuned across a broad spectrum by a modular selection of components with distinct electronic characteristics. At the core of our investigation lies the electron-deficient phosphor, pyromellitic diimide, which, upon complexation with different donors based on their electron-donating strength, manifests a striking array of phosphorescence emission from CT triplet states, spanning from green to yellow to reddish orange accompanied by noteworthy quantum yields. Through a systematic exploration of the electronic properties using spectroscopic studies and molecular organization through single-crystal X-ray diffraction, we decisively establish the molecular origin of the observed phosphorescence. Notably, our work presents, for the first time, an elegant demonstration of tunable 3CT phosphorescence emission in intermolecular donor-acceptor systems, highlighting their immense significance in the quest for efficient organic phosphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Ajayan Kongasseri
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Shagufi Naz Ansari
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Swadhin Garain
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Sopan M Wagalgave
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bangalore 560064 India
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Nakabayashi M, Matsuo T, Hayashi S. Non-Covalent Supramolecular 1D Alternating Copolymer in Crystal toward 2D Anisotropic Photon Transport. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302351. [PMID: 37496105 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
To realize organic integrated optoelectronic circuits, there is a need for anisotropic optical waveguides at the micro/nanoscale. Anisotropic alignment of one-dimensional-ordered supramolecular structures composed of light-emissive π-conjugated molecules in a crystal may meet the requirements of such waveguides. Here, a bipyridyl-appended acrylonitrile-based π-conjugated molecule was designed, which produced a one-dimensional supramolecular polymer constructed through non-covalent bonding between a lone pair in bipyridyl and a σ-hole in 1,4-diiodo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene. The one-dimensional copolymer of bipyridyl and 1,4-diiodo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene is aligned horizontally with the two-dimensional crystal surface because of the angle-controlled supramolecular synthons. As a result of control over the non-covalent bonding direction, anisotropic photoluminescence and photon transport (optical waveguiding) characteristics are realized by orienting the transition dipole moment horizontally with respect to the two-dimensional surface. Compared with the loss coefficient αL =52 dB cm-1 for the long-axis direction of the two-dimensional platelet cocrystal, a very large difference of αS =2111 dB cm-1 is present in the crystal short-axis direction. The anisotropic waveguiding ability, αL /αS , is estimated to be 41, which is more than an order of magnitude greater than previously reported two-dimensional platelet crystal waveguides. This supramolecular synthon provides an approach to designing anisotropic photon transporters and highly regulated optical logic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahiro Nakabayashi
- School of Engineering Science, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| | - Takumi Matsuo
- School of Engineering Science, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- School of Engineering Science, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
- Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Tosayamada Miyanokuchi, Kami, Kochi, 782-8502, Japan
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Guo H, Liang C, Ruoko TP, Meteling H, Peng B, Zeng H, Priimagi A. Programmable and Self-Healable Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators Based on Halogen Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309402. [PMID: 37694550 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Shape-changing polymeric materials have gained significant attention in the field of bioinspired soft robotics. However, challenges remain in versatilizing the shape-morphing process to suit different tasks and environments, and in designing systems that combine reversible actuation and self-healing ability. Here, we report halogen-bonded liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) that can be arbitrarily shape-programmed and that self-heal under mild thermal or photothermal stimulation. We incorporate halogen-bond-donating diiodotetrafluorobenzene molecules as dynamic supramolecular crosslinks into the LCEs and show that these relatively weak crosslinks are pertinent for their mechanical programming and self-healing. Utilizing the halogen-bonded LCEs, we demonstrate proof-of-concept soft robotic motions such as crawling and rolling with programmed velocities. Our results showcase halogen bonding as a promising, yet unexplored tool for the preparation of smart supramolecular constructs for the development of advanced soft actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuang Guo
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University P.O. Box 15100, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tero-Petri Ruoko
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henning Meteling
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University P.O. Box 15100, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hao Zeng
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
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