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Chen L, Gao Y, He M, Liu Y, Teng F, Li Y. Magnetic nanoparticles-immobilized phospholipase LM and phospholipase 3G: Preparation, characterization, and application on soybean crude oil degumming. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135368. [PMID: 39243566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Immobilization of enzymes improves their stability and recoverability and is therefore crucial for scientific research and industrial applications. In this study, phospholipase LM (PLLM) and phospholipase 3G (PL3G) were immobilized using Fe3O4@SiO2@CS-COOH polycarboxylated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs-COOH) as carriers and then used for degumming soybean crude oil. The immobilization rates and relative enzyme activities of these immobilized phospholipases were evaluated to determine the optimal immobilization parameters. The enzyme activities of PLLM-MNPs-COOH and PL3G-MNPs-COOH were 2830.87 and 1162.25 U/g, respectively. Enzymatic properties of the free and immobilized enzymes were compared. Both immobilized phospholipases exhibited higher condition tolerance and stability after immobilization. After 30-day storage at 4 °C, both immobilized phospholipases retained approximately 1.3 times the residual activity of the corresponding free phospholipases. When the degumming conditions were optimized, the residual phosphorus contents of the PLLM-MNPs-COOH- and PL3G-MNPs-COOH-degummed oils were 4.91 and 7.41 mg/kg, respectively, which were consistent with the safety standards for oil products. After 6 cycles, PLLM-MNPs-COOH and PL3G-MNPs-COOH continued to preserve 71.88 % and 70.00 % of their initial activities, respectively. The immobilized phospholipases are thus suitable for degumming soybean crude oil, and the mixed enzymes exhibited better degumming potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Chen
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yiting Gao
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Mingyu He
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Fei Teng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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2
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Mishra S, Ghosh A, Hansda B, Mondal TK, Biswas T, Das B, Roy D, Kumari P, Mondal S, Mandal B. Activation of Inert Supports for Enzyme(s) Immobilization Harnessing Biocatalytic Sustainability for Perennial Utilization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:18377-18406. [PMID: 39171729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Although Nature's evolution and intelligence have gifted humankind with noteworthy enzyme candidates to simplify complex reactions with ultrafast, overselective, effortless, mild biological reactions for millions of years, their availability at minute-scale, short-range time-temperature stability, and purification costs hardly justify recycling/or reuse. Covalent immobilization, particularly via multipoint bonds, prevents denaturing, maintains activities for long-range time, pH, and temperature, and makes catalysts available for repetitive usages; which attracts researchers and industries to bring more immobilized enzyme contenders in science and commercial progressions. Inert-support activation, the most crucial step, needs appropriate activators; under mild conditions, the activator's functional group(s) still present on the activated support rapidly couples the enzyme, preventing unfolding and keeping the active site alive. This review summarizes exciting experimental advances, from the 1950s until today, in the activation strategies of various inert supports with five different surface activators, the cyanogen bromide, the isocyanate/isothiocyanate, the glutaraldehyde, the carbodiimide (with or without N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)), and the diazo group, for the immobilization of diverse enzymes for broader applications. These activators under mild pH (7.5 ± 0.5) and temperature (27 ± 3 °C) and ordinary stirring witnessed support activation and enzyme coupling and put off unfolding, harnessing addressable activities (CNBr: 40 ± 10%; -N═C═O/-N═C═S: 32 ± 7%; GA: 70 ± 15%; CDI: 60 ± 10%; -N+≡N: 80 ± 15%), while underprivileged stability, longevity, and reusabilities keep future investigations alive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Mishra
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India 731235
| | - Ankit Ghosh
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India 731235
| | - Biswajit Hansda
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India 731235
| | - Tanay K Mondal
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India 731235
| | - Tirtha Biswas
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India 731235
| | - Basudev Das
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India 731235
| | - Dipika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Main Campus 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Rd, Kolkata, West Bengal, India 700032
| | - Pallavi Kumari
- University Department of Chemistry, T.M.B.U., Bhagalpur, Bihar-812007, India
| | - Sneha Mondal
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India 731235
| | - Bhabatosh Mandal
- Analytical and Bio-analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India 731235
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3
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Albayati SH, Nezhad NG, Taki AG, Rahman RNZRA. Efficient and easible biocatalysts: Strategies for enzyme improvement. A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133978. [PMID: 39038570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the environmental friendliness and vast advantages that enzymes offer in the biotechnology and industry fields, biocatalysts are a prolific investigation field. However, the low catalytic activity, stability, and specific selectivity of the enzyme limit the range of the reaction enzymes involved in. A comprehensive understanding of the protein structure and dynamics in terms of molecular details enables us to tackle these limitations effectively and enhance the catalytic activity by enzyme engineering or modifying the supports and solvents. Along with different strategies including computational, enzyme engineering based on DNA recombination, enzyme immobilization, additives, chemical modification, and physicochemical modification approaches can be promising for the wide spread of industrial enzyme usage. This is attributed to the successful application of biocatalysts in industrial and synthetic processes requires a system that exhibits stability, activity, and reusability in a continuous flow process, thereby reducing the production cost. The main goal of this review is to display relevant approaches for improving enzyme characteristics to overcome their industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Hashim Albayati
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nima Ghahremani Nezhad
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anmar Ghanim Taki
- Department of Radiology Techniques, Health and Medical Techniques College, Alnoor University, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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4
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Sahin B, Ozbey-Unal B, Dizge N, Keskinler B, Balcik C. Optimization of immobilized urease enzyme on porous polymer for enhancing the stability, reusability and enzymatic kinetics using response surface methodology. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 240:113986. [PMID: 38795587 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The study examines the immobilization of the urease enzyme on a range of High Internal Phase Emulsion (polyHIPE) materials, assessing characteristics, efficiency, and performance. It also investigates the impact of polyHIPE type, quantity, incubation time, and various parameters on the process and enzyme activity. Surface morphology and functional groups of polyHIPE materials were determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses, revealing significant alterations after modification with polyglutaraldehyde (PGA). The maximum immobilization efficiency of 95% was achieved by adding PGA to polyHIPE materials with an incubation period of 15 h. The optimized conditions for immobilized enzyme using a Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM) were as follows: temperature (40.8 °C), pH (7.1) and NaCl concentration (0.007 g/L). Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme demonstrated remarkable reusability, retaining 75% of its initial activity after six cycles, and sustained shelf-life stability, retaining over 40% activity after 10 days at room temperature. Kinetic analyses revealed that immobilized urease exhibited higher affinity for the substrate, but lower rate of substrate conversion compared to the free enzyme. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing urease immobilization processes and enhancing urease stability and activity, with potential applications in various fields, including biotechnology and biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Sahin
- Department of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Turkey
| | - Bahar Ozbey-Unal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Turkey; Institute of Earth and Marine Sciences, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Turkey
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin 33343, Turkey
| | - Bulent Keskinler
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Balcik
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Turkey.
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5
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Atiroğlu V, Atiroğlu A, Atiroğlu A, Al-Hajri AS, Özacar M. Green immobilization: Enhancing enzyme stability and reusability on eco-friendly support. Food Chem 2024; 448:138978. [PMID: 38522291 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
In the current years of heightened focus on green chemistry and sustainable materials, this study delves into the untapped potential of hyaluronic acid (HA), chitin, and chitosan-prominent polysaccharides for groundbreaking applications. The primary aim is to effectively immobilize catalase enzymes onto matrices composed of chitosan, chitin, HA/chitin, and HA/chitosan. The rigorous investigation covers a spectrum of structural enhancements encompassing pH and temperature stability, thermal resilience, half-life extension, storage durability, reusability, and comprehensive FTIR analyses of the catalase immobilization. Notably, catalase activity demonstrated remarkable resilience on HA/chitin and HA/chitosan matrices, maintaining 73.80% and 79.55% efficacy even after 25 cycles. The introduction of covalent cross-linking between catalase and HA/chitin or HA/chitosan, facilitated by a cross-linking agent, significantly amplified stability and recycling efficiency. Consequently, the immobilized catalase showcases substantial promise across a spectrum of industrial applications, spanning from food and detergent production to bioremediation and diverse commercial processes. This underscores its pivotal role as a versatile and invaluable innovation in the realm of sustainable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesen Atiroğlu
- Sakarya University, Biomedical, Magnetic and Semiconductor Materials Application and Research Center (BIMAS-RC), 54050, Sakarya, Turkey; Sakarya University, Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, EnzymeTechnology, Nan &Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications, and Sustainability Research & Development Group (BIOENAMS R & D Group), 54050, Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Atheer Atiroğlu
- Sakarya University, Biomedical, Magnetic and Semiconductor Materials Application and Research Center (BIMAS-RC), 54050, Sakarya, Turkey; Sakarya University, Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, EnzymeTechnology, Nan &Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications, and Sustainability Research & Development Group (BIOENAMS R & D Group), 54050, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Atiroğlu
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, 54290, Sakarya, Turkey
| | | | - Mahmut Özacar
- Sakarya University, Biomaterials, Energy, Photocatalysis, EnzymeTechnology, Nan &Advanced Materials, Additive Manufacturing, Environmental Applications, and Sustainability Research & Development Group (BIOENAMS R & D Group), 54050, Sakarya, Turkey; Sakarya University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 54050, Sakarya, Turkey
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6
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Kim KW, Kim D, Kim BC, Hwang ET. Development of cross-linked glucose oxidase integrated Cu-nanoflower electrode for reusable and stable glucose sensing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133605. [PMID: 38971285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The demand for glucose-sensing devices has increased along with the increasing diabetic population. Here, we aimed to construct a system with a glucose oxidase (GOx)-integrated Cu-nanoflower (Cu-NF) as the underlying electrode. This novel system was successfully developed by creating a cross-linked GOx within a Cu-NF matrix, forming a c-GOx@Cu-NF-coated film on a carbon screen-printed electrode (CSPE). A comparison of the stabilities of the cross-linking methods demonstrated enhanced durability, with an activity level of >88 % maintained after approximately 35 days of storage in room temperature buffer. Regarding the ability of the c-GOx@Cu-NF modified CSPE to detect glucose via electrochemical methods, the redox potential gap (ΔE) and peak current increased in the presence of GOx. In comparison to that of glucose, the sensitivity of c-GOx@Cu-NF was approximately 8 times greater than that of GOx@Cu-NF, with a detection limit of 0.649 μM and a linear range of 5-500 μM. It sustained an average relative activity of 80 % over 20 days. After 10 cycles of repeated use, the activity remained above 75 %. In terms of evaluating the electrode's specificity for glucose, the detection rate for individual similar substances was approximately 1 %. The introduction of a crosslinking strategy to Cu-NF, leading to enhanced mechanical stability and conductivity, improved the detection capability. Furthermore, this approach led to increased long-term storage stability and reusability, allowing for specific glucose detection. To our knowledge, this report represents the first demonstration of a c-GOx@Cu-NF system for integrating electrochemical biosensing devices into digital healthcare pathways, offering enhanced sensing accuracy and mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon Woo Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Dain Kim
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Chan Kim
- Center for Sustainable Environment Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ee Taek Hwang
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Sommerfeld IK, Dälken EM, Elling L, Pich A. Nitrilotriacetic Acid Functionalized Microgels for Efficient Immobilization of Hyaluronan Synthase. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400075. [PMID: 39018489 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes play a vital role in synthesizing complex biological molecules like hyaluronic acid (HA). Immobilizing enzymes on support materials is essential for their efficient use and reuse in multiple cycles. Microgels, composed of cross-linked, highly swollen polymer networks, are ideal for enzyme uptake owing to their high porosity. This study demonstrates the immobilization of His6-tagged hyaluronan synthase from Pasteurella multocida (PmHAS) onto nitrilotriacetic acid functionalized microgels using different bivalent ions (Ni2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+) via metal affinity binding. The results indicate that using Ni2+ yields the microgels with the highest enzyme uptake and HA formation. The immobilized PmHAS enables repetitive enzymatic production, producing high molecular weight HAs with decreasing dispersities in each step. Furthermore, the highest reported yield of HA with high molecular weight for immobilized PmHAS is achieved. This system establishes a foundation for continuous HA formation, with future works potentially enhancing PmHAS stability through protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Katja Sommerfeld
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Esther Maria Dälken
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute of Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, RD Geleen, 6167, The Netherlands
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8
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Jash O, Srivastava A, Balasubramanian S. HP35 Protein in the Mesopore of MIL-101(Cr) MOF: A Model to Study Cotranslocational Unfolding. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:31185-31194. [PMID: 39035967 PMCID: PMC11256354 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c05452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The immobilization of enzymes in metal-organic framework (MOF) cages is important in biotechnology. In this context, the mechanism of translocation of proteins through the cavities of the MOF and the roles played by confinement and MOF chemistry in giving rise to stable protein intermediates that are otherwise transiently populated in the physiological environment are important questions to be addressed. These unexplored aspects are examined with villin headpiece (HP35) as a model protein confined within a mesopore of MIL-101(Cr) using molecular dynamics simulations. At equilibrium, the protein is located farther from the center of the cavity and closer to the MOF surface. Molecular interactions with the MOF partially unfold helix-1 at its N-terminus. Umbrella sampling simulations inform the range of conformations that HP35 undertakes during translocation from one cavity to another and associated changes in free energy. Relative to its equilibrium state within the cavity, the free energy barrier for the unfolded protein at the cage window is estimated to be 16 kcal/mol. This study of MOF-based protein conformation can also be a general approach to observing intermediates in folding-unfolding pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oishika Jash
- Chemistry
and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal
Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - Anand Srivastava
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry
and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal
Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560 064, India
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9
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Sommerfeld IK, Palm P, Hussnaetter KP, Pieper MI, Bulut S, Lile T, Wagner R, Walkowiak JJ, Elling L, Pich A. Microgels with Immobilized Glycosyltransferases for Enzymatic Glycan Synthesis. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3807-3822. [PMID: 38807305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Glycans, composed of linked monosaccharides, play crucial roles in biology and find diverse applications. Enhancing their enzymatic synthesis can be achieved by immobilizing enzymes on materials such as microgels. Here, we present microgels with immobilized glycosyltransferases, synthesized through droplet microfluidics, immobilizing enzymes either via encapsulation or postattachment. SpyTag-SpyCatcher interaction was used for enzyme binding, among others. Fluorescamine and permeability assays confirmed enzyme immobilization and microgel porosity, while enzymatic activities were determined using HPLC. The potential application of microgels in cascade reactions involving multiple enzymes was demonstrated by combining β4GalT and α3GalT in an enzymatic reaction with high yields. Moreover, a cascade of β4GalT and β3GlcNAcT was successfully implemented. These results pave the way toward a modular membrane bioreactor for automated glycan synthesis containing the presented biocatalytic microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Katja Sommerfeld
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Philip Palm
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Kai Philip Hussnaetter
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Maria Isabell Pieper
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Selin Bulut
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Tudor Lile
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wagner
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Jacek Janusz Walkowiak
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, RD Geleen 6167, The Netherlands
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 20, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52074, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, RD Geleen 6167, The Netherlands
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10
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Papatola F, Slimani S, Peddis D, Pellis A. Biocatalyst immobilization on magnetic nano-architectures for potential applications in condensation reactions. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14481. [PMID: 38850268 PMCID: PMC11162105 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review article, a perspective on the immobilization of various hydrolytic enzymes onto magnetic nanoparticles for synthetic organic chemistry applications is presented. After a first part giving short overview on nanomagnetism and highlighting advantages and disadvantages of immobilizing enzymes on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), the most important hydrolytic enzymes and their applications were summarized. A section reviewing the immobilization techniques with a particular focus on supporting enzymes on MNPs introduces the reader to the final chapter describing synthetic organic chemistry applications of small molecules (flavour esters) and polymers (polyesters and polyamides). Finally, the conclusion and perspective section gives the author's personal view on further research discussing the new idea of a synergistic rational design of the magnetic and biocatalytic component to produce novel magnetic nano-architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Papatola
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Slimani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- CNR, Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, nM2-Lab, Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy
| | - D Peddis
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- CNR, Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, nM2-Lab, Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy
| | - A Pellis
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
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11
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Çalbaş B, Keobounnam AN, Korban C, Doratan AJ, Jean T, Sharma AY, Wright TA. Protein-polymer bioconjugation, immobilization, and encapsulation: a comparative review towards applicability, functionality, activity, and stability. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2841-2864. [PMID: 38683585 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01861j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Polymer-based biomaterials have received a lot of attention due to their biomedical, agricultural, and industrial potential. Soluble protein-polymer bioconjugates, immobilized proteins, and encapsulated proteins have been shown to tune enzymatic activity, improved pharmacokinetic ability, increased chemical and thermal stability, stimuli responsiveness, and introduced protein recovery. Controlled polymerization techniques, increased protein-polymer attachment techniques, improved polymer surface grafting techniques, controlled polymersome self-assembly, and sophisticated characterization methods have been utilized for the development of well-defined polymer-based biomaterials. In this review we aim to provide a brief account of the field, compare these methods for engineering biomaterials, provide future directions for the field, and highlight impacts of these forms of bioconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berke Çalbaş
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Ashley N Keobounnam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher Korban
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ainsley Jade Doratan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Tiffany Jean
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Aryan Yashvardhan Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Thaiesha A Wright
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Palakollu VN, Veera Manohara Reddy Y, Shekh MI, Vattikuti SVP, Shim J, Karpoormath R. Electrochemical immunosensing of tumor markers. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 557:117882. [PMID: 38521164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The rising incidence and mortality rates of cancer have led to a growing need for precise and prompt early diagnostic approaches to effectively combat this disease. However, traditional methods employed for detecting tumor cells, such as histopathological and immunological techniques, are often associated with complex procedures, high analytical expenses, elevated false positive rates, and a dependence on experienced personnel. Tracking tumor markers is recognized as one of the most effective approaches for early detection and prognosis of cancer. While onco-biomarkers can also be produced in normal circumstances, their concentration is significantly elevated when tumors are present. By monitoring the levels of these markers, healthcare professionals can obtain valuable insights into the presence, progression, and response to treatment of cancer, aiding in timely diagnosis and effective management. This review aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in tumor markers using electrochemical immunosensors. By highlighting the latest developments in this field, researchers can gain a general understanding of the progress made in the utilization of electrochemical immunosensors for detecting tumor markers. Furthermore, this review also discusses the current limitations associated with electrochemical immunosensors and offers insights into paving the way for further improvements and advancements in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Narayana Palakollu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Y Veera Manohara Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Mehdihasan I Shekh
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | | | - Jaesool Shim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
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13
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Sánchez-Morán H, Kaar JL, Schwartz DK. Supra-biological performance of immobilized enzymes enabled by chaperone-like specific non-covalent interactions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2299. [PMID: 38485940 PMCID: PMC10940687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Designing complex synthetic materials for enzyme immobilization could unlock the utility of biocatalysis in extreme environments. Inspired by biology, we investigate the use of random copolymer brushes as dynamic immobilization supports that enable supra-biological catalytic performance of immobilized enzymes. This is demonstrated by immobilizing Bacillus subtilis Lipase A on brushes doped with aromatic moieties, which can interact with the lipase through multiple non-covalent interactions. Incorporation of aromatic groups leads to a 50 °C increase in the optimal temperature of lipase, as well as a 50-fold enhancement in enzyme activity. Single-molecule FRET studies reveal that these supports act as biomimetic chaperones by promoting enzyme refolding and stabilizing the enzyme's folded and catalytically active state. This effect is diminished when aromatic residues are mutated out, suggesting the importance of π-stacking and π-cation interactions for stabilization. Our results underscore how unexplored enzyme-support interactions may enable uncharted opportunities for using enzymes in industrial biotransformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Sánchez-Morán
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Joel L Kaar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Campus Box 596, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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14
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Lenertz M, Li Q, Armstrong Z, Scheiwiller A, Ni G, Wang J, Feng L, MacRae A, Yang Z. Magnetic Multienzyme@Metal-Organic Material for Sustainable Biodegradation of Insoluble Biomass. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11617-11626. [PMID: 38410049 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradation of insoluble biomass such as cellulose via carbohydrase enzymes is an effective approach to break down plant cell walls and extract valuable materials therein. Yet, the high cost and poor reusability of enzymes are practical concerns. We recently proved that immobilizing multiple digestive enzymes on metal-organic materials (MOMs) allows enzymes to be reused via gravimetric separation, improving the cost efficiency of cereal biomass degradation [ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 36, 43085-43093]. However, this strategy cannot be adapted for enzymes whose substrates or products are insoluble (e.g., cellulose crystals). Recently, we described an alternative approach based on magnetic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) using model enzymes/substrates [ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 37, 41794-41801]. Here, we aim to prove the effectiveness of combining these two strategies in cellulose degradation. We immobilized multiple carbohydrase enzymes that cooperate in cellulose degradation via cocrystallization with Ca2+, a carboxylate ligand (BDC) in the absence and presence of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). We then compared the separation efficiency and enzyme reusability of the resultant multienzyme@Ca-BDC and multienzyme@MNP-Ca-BDC composites via gravimetric and magnetic separation, respectively, and found that, although both composites were effective in cellulose degradation in the first round, the multienzyme@MNP-Ca-BDC composites displayed significantly enhanced reusability. This work provides the first experimental demonstration of using magnetic solid supports to immobilize multiple carbohydrase enzymes simultaneously and degrade cellulose and promotes green/sustainable chemistry in three ways: (1) reusing the enzymes saves energy/sources to prepare them, (2) the synthetic conditions are "green" without generating unwanted wastes, and (3) using our composites to degrade cellulose is the first step of extracting valuable materials from sustainable biomasses such as plants whose growth does not rely on nonregeneratable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lenertz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Qiaobin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Zoe Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Allison Scheiwiller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Gigi Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jien Wang
- California State University, San Marcos, San Marcos, California 92096, United States
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Austin MacRae
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Zhongyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
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15
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Cheng Y, Jiang N, Diao J, Zheng L. Achieving cinnamic acid amides in water by a variant of acyltransferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis and its immobilized form using Ni-NTA modified aspen powder as a carrier. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129849. [PMID: 38296141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
An aqueous N-acylation reaction for preparing cinnamic acid amides was realized by using a variant of acyltransferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsAcT-L12A), whereas the wild-type MsAcT showed no activity. MsAcT-L12A exhibited broad substrate adaptability, and preferred the substrates with electron-donating group. When the vinyl cinnamate (1a, 40 mM) and p-methoxyaniline (2a, 4 mM) were involved in the reaction, the excellent yield reached to 86.7 % ± 2.1 % within 3 h by MsAcT-L12A (1 mgpro./mL) in a PBS buffer (100 mM, pH 8.0) at 25 °C. The aqueous N-acylation reaction could be further improved by using an immobilized MsAcT-L12A. The biomass aspen powder (AP) as a carrier provided a low-cost, green, and environmental-friendly immobilization strategy. After it was modified by Ni-NTA, the obtained Ni-NAP could realize one-step purification and immobilization of MsAcT-L12A. The accomplished MsAcT-L12A-Ni-NAP exhibited excellent stability and recyclability, and retained its relative yield as 83.3 % ± 2.2 % even after the 7th cycle of reuse. Using only PBS buffer as a reaction medium, the operation for MsAcT-L12A-catalyzed acyl transfer was greatly simplified, and the improved stabilities of MsAcT-L12A-Ni-NAP could enhance its application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiali Diao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Liangyu Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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16
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Zhang H, Ye YH, Wang Y, Liu JZ, Jiao QC. A Bibliometric Analysis: Current Perspectives and Potential Trends of Enzyme Thermostability from 1991-2022. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1211-1240. [PMID: 37382790 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Thermostability is considered a crucial parameter to evaluate the viability of enzymes in industrial applications. Over the past 31 years, many studies have been reported on the thermostability of enzymes. However, there is no systematic bibliometric analysis of publications on the thermostability of enzymes. In this study, 16,035 publications related to the thermostability of enzymes were searched and collected, showing an increasing annual trend. China contributed the most publications, while the United States had the highest citation count. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules is the most productive journal in the research field. Moreover, Chinese acad sci and Khosro Khajeh are the most active institutions and prolific authors in the field, respectively. Analysis of references with the strongest citation bursts and keyword co-occurrences, magnetic nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, molecular dynamics, and rational design are current hot spots and significant future research directions. This study is the first comprehensive bibliometric analysis summarizing trends and developments in enzyme thermostability research. Our findings could provide scholars with an understanding of the fundamental knowledge framework of the field and identify recent potential hotspots and research trends that could facilitate the discovery of collaboration opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yun-Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun-Zhong Liu
- Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, CHINA CO-OP, Nanjing, 211111, China.
| | - Qing-Cai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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17
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Fattahi N, Gorgannezhad L, Masoule SF, Babanejad N, Ramazani A, Raoufi M, Sharifikolouei E, Foroumadi A, Khoobi M. PEI-based functional materials: Fabrication techniques, properties, and biomedical applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103119. [PMID: 38447243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Cationic polymers have recently attracted considerable interest as research breakthroughs for various industrial and biomedical applications. They are particularly interesting due to their highly positive charges, acceptable physicochemical properties, and ability to undergo further modifications, making them attractive candidates for biomedical applications. Polyethyleneimines (PEIs), as the most extensively utilized polymers, are one of the valuable and prominent classes of polycations. Owing to their flexible polymeric chains, broad molecular weight (MW) distribution, and repetitive structural units, their customization for functional composites is more feasible. The specific beneficial attributes of PEIs could be introduced by purposeful functionalization or modification, long service life, biocompatibility, and distinct geometry. Therefore, PEIs have significant potential in biotechnology, medicine, and bioscience. In this review, we present the advances in PEI-based nanomaterials, their transfection efficiency, and their toxicity over the past few years. Furthermore, the potential and suitability of PEIs for various applications are highlighted and discussed in detail. This review aims to inspire readers to investigate innovative approaches for the design and development of next-generation PEI-based nanomaterials possessing cutting-edge functionalities and appealing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Fattahi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Lena Gorgannezhad
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Shabnam Farkhonde Masoule
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Niloofar Babanejad
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Elham Sharifikolouei
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin (TO), Italy
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Ahrari F, Mohammadi M. Combined cross-linking of Rhizomucor miehei lipase and Candida antarctica lipase B for the effective enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129362. [PMID: 38272408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of a non-specific lipase and a sn-1,3 specific one in a single immobilized system can be a promising approach for the exploitation of both lipases. A one-step immobilization platform mediated by an isocyanide-based multi-component reaction was applied to create co-cross-linked enzymes (co-CLEs) of lipases from Rhizomucor miehei (sn-1,3 specific) and Candida antarctica (non-specific). Glutaraldehyde was found to be effective cross-linker by producing specific activity of 16.9 U/mg and immobilization yield of 99 %. High activity recovery of up to 404 % was obtained for immobilized derivatives. Leaking experiment showed covalent nature of the cross-linking processes. BSA had considerable effect on the immobilization process, providing 87-100 % immobilization yields and up to 10 times improvement in the specific activity of the immobilized derivatives. Scanning electron microscopy images showed flower-like and rod-like structures for the CLEs prepared by glutaraldehyde and undecanedicarboxylic acid, respectively. The prepared co-CLEs were examined in non-selective enrichment of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish oil, showing capability of releasing up to 100 % of both omega-3 fatty acids within 8 h of the reaction. The reusability of co-CLEs in five successive cycles presented retaining 63-72 % of their initial activities after the fifth reuse cycle in the hydrolysis reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ahrari
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadi
- Bioprocess Engineering Department, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Miller AH, Blagova EV, Large B, Booth RL, Wilson KS, Duhme-Klair AK. Catch-and-Release: The Assembly, Immobilization, and Recycling of Redox-Reversible Artificial Metalloenzymes. ACS Catal 2024; 14:3218-3227. [PMID: 38449525 PMCID: PMC10913039 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c05294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Technologies to improve the applicability of artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) are gaining considerable interest; one such approach is the immobilization of these biohybrid catalysts on support materials to enhance stability and enable their retention, recovery, and reuse. Here, we describe the immobilization of polyhistidine-tagged ArMs that allow the redox-controlled replacement of catalytic cofactors that have lost activity, e.g., due to poisoning or decomposition, on immobilized metal affinity chromatography resins. By using periplasmic siderophore-binding protein scaffolds that originate from thermophilic bacteria (GstCeuE and PthCeuE) in combination with a siderophore-linked imine reduction catalyst, reaction rates were achieved that are about 3.5 times faster than those previously obtained with CjCeuE, the analogous protein of Campylobacter jejuni. Upon immobilization, the GstCeuE-derived ArM showed a decrease in turnover frequency in the reduction of dehydrosalsolidine by 3.4-fold, while retaining enantioselectivity (36%) and showing improved stability that allowed repeat recovery and recycling cycles. Catalytic activity was preserved over the initial four cycles. In subsequent cycles, a gradual reduction of activity was evident. Once the initial activity decreased to around 40% of the initial activity (23rd recycling cycle), the redox-triggered artificial cofactor release permitted the subsequent recharging of the immobilized protein scaffold with fresh, active cofactor, thereby restoring the initial catalytic activity of the immobilized ArM and allowing its reuse for several more cycles. Furthermore, the ArM could be assembled directly from protein present in crude cell extracts, avoiding time-consuming and costly protein purification steps. Overall, this study demonstrates that the immobilization of redox-reversible ArMs facilitates their "catch-and-release" assembly and disassembly and the recycling of their components, improving their potential commercial viability and environmental footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex H. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Elena V. Blagova
- Structural
Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Benjamin Large
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Rosalind L. Booth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Keith S. Wilson
- Structural
Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Anne-K. Duhme-Klair
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
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20
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Li S, Ma Y, Cui J, Caruso F, Ju Y. Engineering poly(ethylene glycol) particles for targeted drug delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2591-2604. [PMID: 38285062 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06098e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is considered to be the "gold standard" among the stealth polymers employed for drug delivery. Using PEG to modify or engineer particles has thus gained increasing interest because of the ability to prolong blood circulation time and reduce nonspecific biodistribution of particles in vivo, owing to the low fouling and stealth properties of PEG. In addition, endowing PEG-based particles with targeting and drug-loading properties is essential to achieve enhanced drug accumulation at target sites in vivo. In this feature article, we focus on recent work on the synthesis of PEG particles, in which PEG is the main component in the particles. We highlight different synthesis methods used to generate PEG particles, the influence of the physiochemical properties of PEG particles on their stealth and targeting properties, and the application of PEG particles in targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Li
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yutian Ma
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yi Ju
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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21
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Armstrong Z, Jordahl D, MacRae A, Li Q, Lenertz M, Shen P, Botserovska A, Feng L, Ugrinov A, Yang Z. A Protocol for Custom Biomineralization of Enzymes in Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4930. [PMID: 38379827 PMCID: PMC10875352 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization offers a number of advantages that improve biocatalysis; however, finding a proper way to immobilize enzymes is often a challenging task. Implanting enzymes in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) via co-crystallization, also known as biomineralization, provides enhanced reusability and stability with minimal perturbation and substrate selectivity to the enzyme. Currently, there are limited metal-ligand combinations with a proper protocol guiding the experimental procedures. We have recently explored 10 combinations that allow custom immobilization of enzymes according to enzyme stability and activity in different metals/ligands. Here, as a follow-up of that work, we present a protocol for how to carry out custom immobilization of enzymes using the available combinations of metal ions and ligands. Detailed procedures to prepare metal ions, ligands, and enzymes for their co-crystallization, together with characterization and assessment, are discussed. Precautions for each experimental step and result analysis are highlighted as well. This protocol is important for enzyme immobilization in various research and industrial fields. Key features • A wide selection of metal ions and ligands allows for the immobilization of enzymes in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) via co-crystallization. • Step-by-step enzyme immobilization procedure via co-crystallization of metal ions, organic linkers, and enzymes. • Practical considerations and experimental conditions to synthesize the enzyme@MOF biocomposites are discussed. • The demonstrated method can be generalized to immobilize other enzymes and find other metal ion/ligand combinations to form MOFs in water and host enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North
Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Drew Jordahl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North
Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Austin MacRae
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North
Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Qiaobin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North
Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Mary Lenertz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North
Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | | | | | - Li Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North
Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Angel Ugrinov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North
Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Zhongyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North
Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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22
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Behshad Y, Pazhang M, Najavand S, Sabzi M. Enhancing Enzyme Stability and Functionality: Covalent Immobilization of Trypsin on Magnetic Gum Arabic Modified Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04830-1. [PMID: 38153653 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate gum Arabic (GA)-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles bearing numerous active aldehyde groups on their surface, followed by an assessment of their capability as a magnetic support for the covalent immobilization of the trypsin enzyme for the first time. FT-IR, XRD, TGA, and SEM results demonstrated the successful synthesis of GA-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles, along with the covalent immobilization of the enzyme onto the support. Immobilization enhanced the relative enzymatic activity across a range of aqueous solution pH levels (ranging from 4 to 11) and temperatures (ranging from 20 to 80 °C) without altering the optimum pH and temperature for trypsin activity. Kinetic studies using Michaelis-Menten plots revealed changes in kinetic parameters, including a lower Vmax and higher Km for immobilized trypsin compared to the free enzyme. The immobilization onto magnetic gum Arabic nanoparticles resulted in an improved stability of trypsin in the presence of various solvents, maintaining a stability order comparable to that of the free enzyme due to the stabilizing effect of the support. The reusability results showed that the immobilized enzyme can retain over 93% of its activity for up to 15 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Behshad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pazhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Saeed Najavand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sabzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, 55181-83111, Iran.
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23
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Zhang W, Chen X, Xing Y, Chen J, Guo L, Huang Q, Li H, Liu H. Design and Construction of Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Gas Sensors. Molecules 2023; 29:5. [PMID: 38202588 PMCID: PMC10780131 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for the ubiquitous detection of gases in complex environments is driving the design of highly specific gas sensors for the development of the Internet of Things, such as indoor air quality testing, human exhaled disease detection, monitoring gas emissions, etc. The interaction between analytes and bioreceptors can described as a "lock-and-key", in which the specific catalysis between enzymes and gas molecules provides a new paradigm for the construction of high-sensitivity and -specificity gas sensors. The electrochemical method has been widely used in gas detection and in the design and construction of enzyme-based electrochemical gas sensors, in which the specificity of an enzyme to a substrate is determined by a specific functional domain or recognition interface, which is the active site of the enzyme that can specifically catalyze the gas reaction, and the electrode-solution interface, where the chemical reaction occurs, respectively. As a result, the engineering design of the enzyme electrode interface is crucial in the process of designing and constructing enzyme-based electrochemical gas sensors. In this review, we summarize the design of enzyme-based electrochemical gas sensors. We particularly focus on the main concepts of enzyme electrodes and the selection and design of materials, as well as the immobilization of enzymes and construction methods. Furthermore, we discuss the fundamental factors that affect electron transfer at the enzyme electrode interface for electrochemical gas sensors and the challenges and opportunities related to the design and construction of these sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Xinyi Chen
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Yingying Xing
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Jingqiu Chen
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Lanpeng Guo
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Qing Huang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
| | - Huayao Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Application, Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Institute of HUST, 1085 Meiquan Road, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.Z.); (X.C.); (Y.X.); (J.C.); (L.G.); (Q.H.); (H.L.)
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24
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Christ HA, Daniel NP, Solarczek J, Fresenborg LS, Schallmey A, Menzel H. Application of electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers as immobilization matrix for biomolecules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7071-7087. [PMID: 37755509 PMCID: PMC10638201 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12777-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiber meshes from electrospun chitosan, highly modified with biotin and arylazides, are well-suited for application as enzyme immobilization matrices. To test this, catalytically active biomolecules were immobilized onto photocrosslinked nanofibrous nonwovens consisting mainly of biotinylated fungal chitosan and a small amount (10 w%) of poly ethylene oxide. In this study, we show that over 10 μg eugenol oxidase per milligram dry polymer matrix can be loaded on UV-crosslinked chitosan nanofibers. We further demonstrate that bound enzyme activity can be fully retained for over 7 days of storage at ambient conditions in aqueous buffer. Samples loaded at maximum enzyme carrying capacity were tested in a custom-made plug-flow reactor system with online UV-VIS spectroscopy for activity determination. High wettability and durability of the hydrophilic chitosan support matrix enabled continuous oxidation of model substrate vanillyl alcohol into vanillin with constant turnover at flow rates of up to 0.24 L/h for over 6 h. This proves the above hypothesis and enables further application of the fibers as stacked microfluidic membranes, biosensors, or structural starting points for affinity crosslinked enzyme gels. KEY POINTS: • Biotinylated chitosan-based nanofibers retain enzymes via mild affinity interactions • Immobilized eugenol oxidase shows high activity and resists continuous washing • Nanofiber matrix material tolerated high flow rates in a continuous-flow setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik-Alexander Christ
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Braunschweig University of Technology, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nils Peter Daniel
- Institute for Biochemistry, Braunschweig University of Technology, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jennifer Solarczek
- Institute for Biochemistry, Braunschweig University of Technology, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Leonard Sebastian Fresenborg
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anett Schallmey
- Institute for Biochemistry, Braunschweig University of Technology, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Henning Menzel
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Braunschweig University of Technology, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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25
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Xu C, Tong S, Sun L, Gu X. Cellulase immobilization to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: An all-inclusive review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 321:121319. [PMID: 37739542 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellulase-mediated lignocellulosic biorefinery plays a crucial role in the production of high-value biofuels and chemicals, with enzymatic hydrolysis being an essential component. The advent of cellulase immobilization has revolutionized this process, significantly enhancing the efficiency, stability, and reusability of cellulase enzymes. This review offers a thorough analysis of the fundamental principles underlying immobilization, encompassing various immobilization approaches such as physical adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, and cross-linking. Furthermore, it explores a diverse range of carrier materials, including inorganic, organic, and hybrid/composite materials. The review also focuses on emerging approaches like multi-enzyme co-immobilization, oriented immobilization, immobilized enzyme microreactors, and enzyme engineering for immobilization. Additionally, it delves into novel carrier technologies like 3D printing carriers, stimuli-responsive carriers, artificial cellulosomes, and biomimetic carriers. Moreover, the review addresses recent obstacles in cellulase immobilization, including molecular-level immobilization mechanism, diffusion limitations, loss of cellulase activity, cellulase leaching, and considerations of cost-effectiveness and scalability. The knowledge derived from this review is anticipated to catalyze the evolution of more efficient and sustainable biocatalytic systems for lignocellulosic biomass conversion, representing the current state-of-the-art in cellulase immobilization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozhong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Shanshan Tong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Liqun Sun
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
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26
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Diviesti K, Russell-Parks GA, Trewyn BG, Holz RC. Atrazine Degradation Using Immobilized Triazine Hydrolase from Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 in Mesoporous Silica Nanomaterials. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2023; 3:361-369. [PMID: 38028742 PMCID: PMC10655591 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Triazine hydrolase fromArthrobacter aurescens TC1 (TrzN) was successfully immobilized on mesoporous silica nanomaterials (MSNs) for the first time. For both nonfunctionalized MSNs and MSNs functionalized with Zn(II), three pore sizes were evaluated for their ability to immobilize wild-type TrzN: Mobile composition of matter no. 41 (small, 3 nm pores), mesoporous silica nanoparticle material with 10 nm pore diameter (MSN-10) (medium, 6-12 nm pores), and pore-expanded MSN-10 (large, 15-30 nm pores). Of these six TrzN:MSN biomaterials, it was shown that TrzN:MSN-10 was the most active (3.8 ± 0.4 × 10-5 U/mg) toward the hydrolysis of a 50 μM atrazine solution at 25 °C. The TrzN:MSN-10 biomaterial was then coated in chitosan (TrzN:MSN-10:Chit) as chitosan has been shown to increase stability in extreme conditions such as low/high pH, heat shock, and the presence of organic solvents. TrzN:MSN-10:Chit was shown to be a superior TrzN biomaterial to TrzN:MSN-10 as it exhibited higher activity under all storage conditions, in the presence of 20% MeOH, at low and high pH values, and at elevated temperatures up to 80 °C. Finally, the TrzN:MSN-10:Chit biomaterial was shown to be fully active in river water, which establishes it as a functional biomaterial under actual field conditions. A combination of these data indicate that the TrzN:MSN-10:Chit biomaterial exhibited the best overall catalytic profile making it a promising biocatalyst for the bioremediation of atrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Diviesti
- Quantitative
Biosciences and Engineering Program, Colorado
School of Mines, 1012
14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Glory A. Russell-Parks
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1012 14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Brian G. Trewyn
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1012 14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Materials
Science Program, Colorado School of Mines, 1012 14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Richard C. Holz
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, 1012 14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Quantitative
Biosciences and Engineering Program, Colorado
School of Mines, 1012
14th Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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27
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Kumar P, Kermanshahi-Pour A, Brar SK, He QS, Rainey JK. Influence of elevated pressure and pressurized fluids on microenvironment and activity of enzymes. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108219. [PMID: 37488056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes have great potential in bioprocess engineering due to their green and mild reaction conditions. However, there are challenges to their application, such as enzyme extraction and purification costs, enzyme recovery, and long reaction time. Enzymatic reaction rate enhancement and enzyme immobilization have the potential to overcome some of these challenges. Application of high pressure (e.g., hydrostatic pressure, supercritical carbon dioxide) has been shown to increase the activity of some enzymes, such as lipases and cellulases. Under high pressure, enzymes undergo multiple alterations simultaneously. High pressure reduces the bond lengths of molecules of reaction components and causes a reduction in the activation volume of enzyme-substrate complex. Supercritical CO2 interacts with enzyme molecules, catalyzes structural changes, and removes some water molecules from the enzyme's hydration layer. Interaction of scCO2 with the enzyme also leads to an overall change in secondary structure content. In the extreme, such changes may lead to enzyme denaturation, but enzyme activation and stabilization have also been observed. Immobilization of enzymes onto silica and zeolite-based supports has been shown to further stabilize the enzyme and provide resistance towards perturbation under subjection to high pressure and scCO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Biorefining and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 1Z1, Canada
| | - Azadeh Kermanshahi-Pour
- Biorefining and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Quan Sophia He
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Jan K Rainey
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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28
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Niyaz Ahmed L, Thomas P. Analytical expression for the model that describes the heterogeneous reaction-diffusion process with immobilized enzyme (penicillin G acylase). Heliyon 2023; 9:e21998. [PMID: 38045190 PMCID: PMC10692794 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This research article examines the reaction-diffusion process in an immobilized enzyme batch reactor. The model incorporates strongly non-linear factors that are associated with standard Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The non-linear reaction-diffusion equations for substrate and product concentrations have been approximated analytically. Employing two different semi-analytical methods, Akbari-Ganji's method (AGM) and the modified Adomian decomposition method (MADM), to compute the dimensionless steady-state solutions to the system of non-linear differential equations for all values of reaction parameters. In addition, the dynamics of the mean integrated effectiveness factor of penicillin acylase in porous spherical particles have been presented for the determination of the local effectiveness factor. In order to gauge the potency of our proposed solution, we compare two semi-analytical results with a numerical result that are in good agreement across the whole concentration range. The proposed formulation aims to simulate the dynamic performance of the system utilizing the parameters and would enhance the determination of the optimum particle size for enzyme catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Niyaz Ahmed
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Thomas
- Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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29
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Han SY, Kim N, Yun G, Lee H, Choi IS. Tandem-biocatalysis reactors constructed by topological evolution of CaCO 3 particles into hollow metal hydroxide spheres. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6828. [PMID: 37884545 PMCID: PMC10603116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42649-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite remarkable advances in the design and synthesis of hollow inorganic spheres (HISs), the harsh synthetic conditions have precluded the applications of HISs to biochemical and biological fields. Herein we report a biocompatible strategy for synthesizing metal hydroxide HISs (MH-HISs) by simply mixing CaCO3 particles with metal ions in water. The ion-exchange reaction between Ca2+ and metal ions leads to the structural and chemical evolution from solid CaCO3 particles to hollow MH-HISs via core-shell and yolk-shell structures, while enabling the encapsulation of enzymes to the shells without loss of catalytic activities. The biocompatible protocol makes multienzymatic cascade reactions achievable, with great recyclability due to mechanical durability of MH-HISs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yeong Han
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Gyeongwon Yun
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hojae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Korea
| | - Insung S Choi
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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30
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Zhou X, Gao M, De X, Sun T, Bai Z, Luo J, Wang F, Ge J. Bacterium-like particles derived from probiotics: progress, challenges and prospects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1263586. [PMID: 37868963 PMCID: PMC10587609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1263586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterium-like particles (BLPs) are hollow peptidoglycan particles obtained from food-grade Lactococcus lactis inactivated by hot acid. With the advantage of easy preparation, high safety, great stability, high loading capacity, and high mucosal delivery efficiency, BLPs can load and display proteins on the surface with the help of protein anchor (PA), making BLPs a proper delivery system. Owning to these features, BLPs are widely used in the development of adjuvants, vaccine carriers, virus/antigens purification, and enzyme immobilization. This review has attempted to gather a full understanding of the technical composition, characteristics, applications. The mechanism by which BLPs induces superior adaptive immune responses is also discussed. Besides, this review tracked the latest developments in the field of BLPs, including Lactobacillus-derived BLPs and novel anchors. Finally, the main limitations and proposed breakthrough points to further enhance the immunogenicity of BLPs vaccines were discussed, providing directions for future research. We hope that further developments in the field of antigen delivery of subunit vaccines or others will benefit from BLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingchun Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinqi De
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhikun Bai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jilong Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Harbin, China
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31
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Costa IO, Morais JRF, de Medeiros Dantas JM, Gonçalves LRB, Dos Santos ES, Rios NS. Enzyme immobilization technology as a tool to innovate in the production of biofuels: A special review of the Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) strategy. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 170:110300. [PMID: 37523882 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This review emphasizes the crucial role of enzyme immobilization technology in advancing the production of two main biofuels, ethanol and biodiesel, with a specific focus on the Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) strategy. This method of immobilization has gained attention due to its simplicity and affordability, as it does not initially require a solid support. CLEAs synthesis protocol includes two steps: enzyme precipitation and cross-linking of aggregates using bifunctional agents. We conducted a thorough search for papers detailing the synthesis of CLEAs utilizing amylases, cellulases, and hemicellulases. These key enzymes are involved in breaking down starch or lignocellulosic materials to produce ethanol, both in first and second-generation processes. CLEAs of lipases were included as these enzymes play a crucial role in the enzymatic process of biodiesel production. However, when dealing with large or diverse substrates such as lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production and oils/fats for biodiesel production, the use of individual enzymes may not be the most efficient method. Instead, a system that utilizes a blend of enzymes may prove to be more effective. To innovate in the production of biofuels (ethanol and biodiesel), enzyme co-immobilization using different enzyme species to produce Combi-CLEAs is a promising trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Oliveira Costa
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Nathália Saraiva Rios
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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32
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Pilar-Izquierdo MC, López-Fouz M, Ortega N, Busto MD. Immobilization of Rhodococcus by encapsulation and entrapment: a green solution to bitter citrus by-products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6377-6388. [PMID: 37615722 PMCID: PMC10560158 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Debittering of citrus by-products is required to obtain value-added compounds for application in the food industry (e.g., dietary fiber, bioactive compounds). In this work, the immobilization of Rhodococcus fascians cells by encapsulation in Ca-alginate hollow beads and entrapment in poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyethylene glycol (PVA/PEG) cryogels was studied as an alternative to chemical treatments for degrading the bitter compound limonin. Previously, the Rhodococcus strain was adapted using orange peel extract to increase its tolerance to limonoids. The optimal conditions for the encapsulation of microbial cells were 2% Na-alginate, 4% CaCl2, 4% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and a microbial load of 0.6 OD600 (optical density at 600 nm). For immobilization by entrapment, the optimal conditions were 8% PVA, 8% PEG, and 0.6 OD600 microbial load. Immobilization by entrapment protected microbial cells better than encapsulation against the citrus medium stress conditions (acid pH and composition). Thus, under optimal immobilization conditions, limonin degradation was 32 and 28% for immobilization in PVA/PEG gels and in hollow beads, respectively, in synthetic juice (pH 3) after 72 h at 25 °C. Finally, the microbial cells entrapped in the cryogels showed a higher operational stability in orange juice than the encapsulated cells, with four consecutive cycles of reuse (runs of 24 h at 25 °C). KEY POINTS: • Increased tolerance to limonoids by adapting R. fascians with citrus by-products. • Entrapment provided cells with favorable microenvironment for debittering at acid pH. • Cryogel-immobilized cells showed the highest limonin degradation in citrus products.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Pilar-Izquierdo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, S/N, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
| | - María López-Fouz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, S/N, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Natividad Ortega
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, S/N, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - María D Busto
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, S/N, 09001, Burgos, Spain
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33
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Jara Fornerod M, Alvarez-Fernandez A, Michalska M, Papakonstantinou I, Guldin S. Glucose Oxidase Loading in Ordered Porous Aluminosilicates: Exploring the Potential of Surface Modification for Electrochemical Glucose Sensing. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:7577-7587. [PMID: 37780408 PMCID: PMC10536975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic electrochemical sensors have become the leading glucose detection technology due to their rapid response, affordability, portability, selectivity, and sensitivity. However, the performance of these sensors is highly dependent on the surface properties of the electrode material used to store glucose oxidase and its ability to retain enzymatic activity under variable environmental conditions. Mesoporous thin films have recently attracted considerable attention as promising candidates for enzyme storage and activity preservation due to their well-defined nanoarchitecture and tunable surface properties. Herein, we systematically compare pathways for the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) and their effectiveness in electrochemical glucose sensing, following modification protocols that lead to the electrostatic attraction (amino functionalization), covalent bonding (aldehyde functionalization), and electrostatic repulsion (oxygen plasma treatment) of the ordered porous aluminosilicate-coated electrodes. By direct comparison using a quartz crystal microbalance, we demonstrate that glucose oxidase can be loaded in a nanoarchitecture with a pore size of ∼50 nm and pore interconnections of ∼35 nm using the native aluminosilicate surface, as well as after amino or aldehyde surface modification, while oxygen plasma exposure of the native surface inhibits glucose oxidase loading. Despite a variety of routes for enzyme loading, quantitative electrochemical glucose sensing between 0 and 20 mM was only possible when the porous surface was functionalized with amino groups, which we relate to the role of surface chemistry in accessing the underlying substrate. Our results highlight the impact of rational surface modification on electrochemical biosensing performance and demonstrate the potential of tailoring porous nanoarchitecture surfaces for biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Alvarez-Fernandez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Martyna Michalska
- Department
of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Department
of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
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34
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Li H, Guo L, Li Y, Chen M, Bai C, Song A, Cheng L, Chen X, Chen Y. Catalytic polymerization of bisphenol A using a horseradish peroxidase immobilized microporous membrane reactor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:1428-1437. [PMID: 37768746 PMCID: wst_2023_282 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely used chemical products, which is discharged into rivers and oceans, posing great hazards to organisms such as reproductive toxicity, hormone imbalance and cardiopathy induction. With the expansion harm of BPA, people have paid more attention to the environmental effects. In this paper, the degradation of BPA from the synthetic wastewater using the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase membrane reactor (HPR) was investigated. The immobilized HRP microporous membrane was prepared by the porous calcium alginate method. In addition, the reuse of the immobilized HPR membrane and the measurement of membrane flux showed that the membrane has good activity and stability. Finally, the experimental parameters including reaction time, pH, the concentration of BPA and the dosage of H2O2 were optimized to remove the BPA, and about 78% degradation efficiency of BPA was achieved at the optimal condition as follows: H2O2 to BPA molar ratio of 1.50 with an initial BPA concentration of 0.1 mol/L, the HPR dosage of 3.84 u/mL, the initial solution pH of 7.0, a temperature of 20 °C and a contact time of 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Solid Waste Recycling, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Yingying Li, Linfeng Guo and Haitao Li were the first authors. E-mail:
| | - Linfeng Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Solid Waste Recycling, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Yingying Li, Linfeng Guo and Haitao Li were the first authors
| | - Yingying Li
- Semiconductor Manufacturing North China (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, China; Yingying Li, Linfeng Guo and Haitao Li were the first authors
| | - Min Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Solid Waste Recycling, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chunlu Bai
- Beijing Changzheng Mechanical Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Aolei Song
- Beijing Changzheng Mechanical Equipment Manufacture Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Linxiu Cheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Solid Waste Recycling, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Solid Waste Recycling, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yonglin Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Solid Waste Recycling, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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35
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Kyomuhimbo HD, Feleni U, Haneklaus NH, Brink H. Recent Advances in Applications of Oxidases and Peroxidases Polymer-Based Enzyme Biocatalysts in Sensing and Wastewater Treatment: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3492. [PMID: 37631549 PMCID: PMC10460086 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidase and peroxidase enzymes have attracted attention in various biotechnological industries due to their ease of synthesis, wide range of applications, and operation under mild conditions. Their applicability, however, is limited by their poor stability in harsher conditions and their non-reusability. As a result, several approaches such as enzyme engineering, medium engineering, and enzyme immobilization have been used to improve the enzyme properties. Several materials have been used as supports for these enzymes to increase their stability and reusability. This review focusses on the immobilization of oxidase and peroxidase enzymes on metal and metal oxide nanoparticle-polymer composite supports and the different methods used to achieve the immobilization. The application of the enzyme-metal/metal oxide-polymer biocatalysts in biosensing of hydrogen peroxide, glucose, pesticides, and herbicides as well as blood components such as cholesterol, urea, dopamine, and xanthine have been extensively reviewed. The application of the biocatalysts in wastewater treatment through degradation of dyes, pesticides, and other organic compounds has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Dinah Kyomuhimbo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
| | - Usisipho Feleni
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Roodepoort, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa;
| | - Nils H. Haneklaus
- Transdisciplinarity Laboratory Sustainable Mineral Resources, University for Continuing Education Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria;
| | - Hendrik Brink
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa;
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Sigolaeva LV, Shalybkova AA, Sharifullin TZ, Pergushov DV. Adsorption of Preformed Microgel-Enzyme Complexes as a Novel Strategy toward Engineering Microgel-Based Enzymatic Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1629. [PMID: 37630165 PMCID: PMC10456651 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to surface modification, which consists of the adsorption of microgel-enzyme complexes preformed in solution, is highlighted. Accordingly, the microgel-enzyme complexes were formed due to the electrostatic interaction of the oppositely charged interacting components, that is, a cationic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based microgel and glucose oxidase taken as a model enzyme. The spontaneous adsorption of the prepared microgel-enzyme complexes, examined by means of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and atomic force microscopy, was observed, resulting in the formation of well-adhered microgel-enzyme coatings. Further, the preformed microgel-enzyme complexes were adsorbed onto the modified graphite-based screen-printed electrodes, and their enzymatic responses were determined by means of amperometry, demonstrating a remarkable analytical performance toward the quantification of β-D-glucose in terms of high sensitivity (0.0162 A × M-1 × cm-2), a low limit of detection (1 μM), and an expanded linear range (1-2000 μM). The fabricated microgel-enzyme biosensor constructs were found to be very stable against manifold-repeated measurements. Finally, the pH- or salt-induced release of glucose oxidase from the adsorbed preformed microgel-enzyme complexes was demonstrated. The findings obtained for the microgel-enzyme coatings prepared via adsorption of the preformed microgel-enzyme complexes were compared to those found for the microgel-enzyme coatings fabricated via a previously exploited two-stage sequential adsorption, which includes the adsorption of the microgel first, followed by the electrostatic binding of glucose oxidase by the adsorbed microgel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa V. Sigolaeva
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (T.Z.S.)
| | | | | | - Dmitry V. Pergushov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (T.Z.S.)
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del-Bosque D, Vila-Crespo J, Ruipérez V, Fernández-Fernández E, Rodríguez-Nogales JM. Entrapment of Glucose Oxidase and Catalase in Silica-Calcium-Alginate Hydrogel Reduces the Release of Gluconic Acid in Must. Gels 2023; 9:622. [PMID: 37623077 PMCID: PMC10454090 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (GOX) and catalase (CAT) were co-immobilized in silica-calcium-alginate hydrogels to degrade must glucose. The effect of the enzyme dose (1.2-2.4 U/mL), the initial must pH (3.6-4.0), and the incubation temperature (10-20 °C) on the glucose consumption, gluconic acid concentration, pH, and color intensity of Verdejo must was studied by using a Box-Behnken experimental design and comparing free and co-immobilized enzymes. A reduction of up to 37.3 g/L of glucose was observed in co-immobilized enzyme-treated must, corresponding to a decrease in its potential alcohol strength of 2.0% vol. (v/v), while achieving a slight decrease in its pH (between 0.28 and 0.60). This slight acidification was due to a significant reduction in the estimated gluconic acid found in the must (up to 73.7%), likely due to its accumulation inside the capsules. Regarding the operational stability of immobilized enzymes, a gradual reduction in glucose consumption was observed over eight consecutive cycles. Finally, co-immobilized enzymes showed enhanced efficiency over a reaction period of 48 h, with an 87.1% higher ratio of glucose consumed per enzyme dose in the second 24 h period compared with free enzymes. These findings provide valuable insights into the performance of GOX-CAT co-immobilized to produce reduced-alcohol wines, mitigating excessive must acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- David del-Bosque
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (D.d.-B.); (E.F.-F.)
| | - Josefina Vila-Crespo
- Área de Microbiología, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (J.V.-C.); (V.R.)
| | - Violeta Ruipérez
- Área de Microbiología, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (J.V.-C.); (V.R.)
| | - Encarnación Fernández-Fernández
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (D.d.-B.); (E.F.-F.)
| | - José Manuel Rodríguez-Nogales
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (D.d.-B.); (E.F.-F.)
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38
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Navarro-López DE, Bautista-Ayala AR, Rosales-De la Cruz MF, Martínez-Beltrán S, Rojas-Torres DE, Sanchez-Martinez A, Ceballos-Sanchez O, Jáuregui-Jáuregui J, Lozano LM, Sepúlveda-Villegas M, Tiwari N, López-Mena ER. Nanocatalytic performance of pectinase immobilized over in situ prepared magnetic nanoparticles. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19021. [PMID: 37600413 PMCID: PMC10432700 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immobilization of enzymes is one of the protein engineering methods used to improve their thermal and long-term stabilities. Immobilized pectinase has become an essential biocatalyst for optimization in the food processing industry. Herein, nanostructured magnetic nanoparticles were prepared in situ for use as supports to immobilize pectinase. The structural, morphological, optical and magnetic features and the chemical compositions of the nanoparticles were characterized. Nanoparticle agglomeration and low porosity were observed due to the synthetic conditions. These nanoparticles exhibited superparamagnetic behavior, which is desirable for biotechnological applications. The maximum retention rate for the enzyme was observed at pH 4.5 with a value of 1179.3 U/mgNP (units per milligram of nanoparticle), which was equivalent to a 65.6% efficiency. The free and immobilized pectinase were affected by the pH and temperature. The long-term instability caused 40% and 32% decreases in the specific activities of the free and immobilized pectinase, respectively. The effects of immobilization were analyzed with kinetic and thermodynamic studies. These results indicated a significant affinity for the substrate, a decreased reaction rate, and improved thermal stability of the immobilized pectinase. The reusability of the immobilized pectinase was preserved effectively during cycling, with only a 21.2% decrease in activity observed from the first to the last use. Therefore, alternative magnetic nanoparticles are presented for immobilizing and maintaining the thermostability of pectinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E. Navarro-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral Ramón Corona No. 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45201, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alvaro R. Bautista-Ayala
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral Ramón Corona No. 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45201, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Maria Fernanda Rosales-De la Cruz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral Ramón Corona No. 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45201, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Selina Martínez-Beltrán
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral Ramón Corona No. 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45201, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Diego E. Rojas-Torres
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral Ramón Corona No. 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45201, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - A. Sanchez-Martinez
- CONACyT-Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Campus Siglo XXI, Carretera Zacatecas - Guadalajara Km 6, Ejido La Escondida, Zacatecas, 98160, Mexico
| | - O. Ceballos-Sanchez
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierias (CUCEI), Departamento de Ingenieria de Proyectos, Av. Jose Guadalupe Zuno #48, Industrial Los Belenes, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45157, Mexico
| | - J.A. Jáuregui-Jáuregui
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral Ramón Corona No. 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45201, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis Marcelo Lozano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral Ramón Corona No. 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45201, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M. Sepúlveda-Villegas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara, 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44100, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Naveen Tiwari
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Jenaro de La Fuente S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruna, Spain
| | - Edgar R. López-Mena
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Gral Ramón Corona No. 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, 45201, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
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Deiana L, Rafi AA, Bäckvall JE, Córdova A. Subtilisin integrated artificial plant cell walls as heterogeneous catalysts for asymmetric synthesis of ( S)-amides. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19975-19980. [PMID: 37404321 PMCID: PMC10316683 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subtilisin integrated artificial plant-cell walls (APCWs) were fabricated by self-assembly using cellulose or nanocellulose as the main component. The resulting APCW catalysts are excellent heterogeneous catalysts for the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-amides. This was demonstrated by the APCW-catalyzed kinetic resolution of several racemic primary amines to give the corresponding (S)-amides in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity. The APCW catalyst can be recycled for multiple reaction cycles without loss of enantioselectivity. The assembled APCW catalyst was also able to cooperate with a homogeneous organoruthenium complex, which allowed for the co-catalytic dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of a racemic primary amine to give the corresponding (S)-amide in high yield. The APCW/Ru co-catalysis constitutes the first examples of DKR of chiral primary amines when subtilisin is used as a co-catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Deiana
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University Holmgatan 10 Sundsvall 85179 Sweden
| | - Abdolrahim A Rafi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University Holmgatan 10 Sundsvall 85179 Sweden
| | - Jan-E Bäckvall
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University Holmgatan 10 Sundsvall 85179 Sweden
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University Stockholm SE-10691 Sweden
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University Holmgatan 10 Sundsvall 85179 Sweden
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40
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Paul S, Gupta M, Dey K, Mahato AK, Bag S, Torris A, Gowd EB, Sajid H, Addicoat MA, Datta S, Banerjee R. Hierarchical covalent organic framework-foam for multi-enzyme tandem catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6643-6653. [PMID: 37350839 PMCID: PMC10283510 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01367g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are ideal host matrices for biomolecule immobilization and biocatalysis due to their high porosity, various functionalities, and structural robustness. However, the porosity of COFs is limited to the micropore dimension, which restricts the immobilization of enzymes with large volumes and obstructs substrate flow during enzyme catalysis. A hierarchical 3D nanostructure possessing micro-, meso-, and macroporosity could be a beneficial host matrix for such enzyme catalysis. In this study, we employed an in situ CO2 gas effervescence technique to induce disordered macropores in the ordered 2D COF nanostructure, synthesizing hierarchical TpAzo COF-foam. The resulting TpAzo foam matrix facilitates the immobilization of multiple enzymes with higher immobilization efficiency (approximately 1.5 to 4-fold) than the COF. The immobilized cellulolytic enzymes, namely β-glucosidase (BGL), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), and endoglucanase (EG), remain active inside the TpAzo foam. The immobilized BGL exhibited activity in organic solvents and stability at room temperature (25 °C). The enzyme-immobilized TpAzo foam exhibited significant activity towards the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (BGL@TpAzo-foam: Km and Vmax = 23.5 ± 3.5 mM and 497.7 ± 28.0 μM min-1) and carboxymethylcellulose (CBH@TpAzo-foam: Km and Vmax = 18.3 ± 4.0 mg mL-1 and 85.2 ± 9.6 μM min-1 and EG@TpAzo-foam: Km and Vmax = 13.2 ± 2.0 mg mL-1 and 102.2 ± 7.1 μM min-1). Subsequently, the multi-enzyme immobilized TpAzo foams were utilized to perform a one-pot tandem conversion from carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to glucose with high recyclability (10 cycles). This work opens up the possibility of synthesizing enzymes immobilized in TpAzo foam for tandem catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyadip Paul
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India
| | - Mani Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for the Climate and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Kaushik Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India
| | - Ashok Kumar Mahato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India
| | - Saikat Bag
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India
| | - Arun Torris
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411008 India
| | - E Bhoje Gowd
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Trivandrum 695 019 Kerala India
| | - Hasnain Sajid
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University NG11 8NS Nottingham UK
| | - Matthew A Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University NG11 8NS Nottingham UK
| | - Supratim Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for the Climate and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohanpur Kolkata 741246 India
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41
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Rocha RA, Esquirol L, Rolland V, Hands P, Speight RE, Scott C. Non-covalent binding tags for batch and flow biocatalysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 169:110268. [PMID: 37300919 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization offers considerable advantage for biocatalysis in batch and continuous flow reactions. However, many currently available immobilization methods require that the surface of the carrier is chemically modified to allow site specific interactions with their cognate enzymes, which requires specific processing steps and incurs associated costs. Two carriers (cellulose and silica) were investigated here, initially using fluorescent proteins as models to study binding, followed by assessment of industrially relevant enzyme performance (transaminases and an imine reductase/glucose oxidoreductase fusion). Two previously described binding tags, the 17 amino acid long silica-binding peptide from the Bacillus cereus CotB protein and the cellulose binding domain from the Clostridium thermocellum, were fused to a range of proteins without impairing their heterologous expression. When fused to a fluorescent protein both tags conferred high avidity specific binding with their respective carriers (low nanomolar Kd values). The CotB peptide (CotB1p) induced protein aggregation in the transaminase and imine reductase/glucose oxidoreductase fusions when incubated with the silica carrier. The Clostridium thermocellum cellulose binding domain (CBDclos) allowed immobilization of all the proteins tested, but immobilization led to loss of enzymatic activity in the transaminases (< 2-fold) and imine reductase/glucose oxidoreductase fusion (> 80%). A transaminase-CBDclos fusion was then successfully used to demonstrate the application of the binding tag in repetitive batch and a continuous-flow reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A Rocha
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia; CSIRO Environment, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Lygie Esquirol
- CSIRO Environment, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Vivien Rolland
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Philip Hands
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Robert E Speight
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia
| | - Colin Scott
- CSIRO Environment, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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42
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Ralbovsky NM, Smith JP. Machine Learning for Prediction, Classification, and Identification of Immobilized Enzymes for Biocatalysis. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1479-1490. [PMID: 36653518 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzyme immobilization is a beneficial component involved in biocatalytic strategies. Understanding and evaluating the enzyme immobilization system plays an important role in the successful development and implementation of the biocatalysis route. Ensuring the implementation of a successful enzyme immobilization process is vital for realizing a highly functioning and well suited biocatalytic process within pharmaceutical development. AIM To develop a method which can accurately and objectively identify and classify differences within enzyme immobilization systems, sample preparation methods, and data collection parameters. METHODS Raman hyperspectral imaging was used to obtain a total of eight spectral data sets from enzyme immobilization samples. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to classify and identify the samples based on their differences. RESULTS Several two-class, four-class, and eight-class PLS-DA models were built to classify the different sample data sets. All models reached between 92-100% accuracy after cross-validation and external validation, illustrating great success of the models for identifying differences between the samples. CONCLUSION Raman hyperspectral imaging with machine learning can be used to investigate, interpret, and classify different data collection parameters, sample preparation methods, and enzyme immobilization supports, providing crucial insight into enzyme immobilization process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Ralbovsky
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, 19486, USA.
| | - Joseph P Smith
- Analytical Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, 19486, USA.
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Fan Z, Fang Z, Tao P, Jin L, Zhang G. Degradation of aniline: sodium alginate/modified pomelo cellulose double cross-linking system as a bacterial immobilization carrier. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:2607-2621. [PMID: 37318914 PMCID: wst_2023_168 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pectin cellulose grafted with glycidyltrimethylammoniochloride (GTMAC) was successfully obtained following the processes of depectinfibrillation and cellulose cationization using ordinary Shatian pomelo peel produced in Yongzhou, Hunan, as the raw material. This is the first report on a new type of functionalized sodium alginate-immobilized material prepared from the fibers of pomelo peel. The material was prepared by combining modified pomelo peel cellulose and sodium alginate following the processes of physical and chemical double cross-linking. The prepared material was used to embed the target bacteria to achieve the biodegradation of p-aniline. The concentration of CaCl2 was adjusted when the alginate gelled, and the alginate to yuzu peel cellulose ratio was tuned. The immobilized material-embedded bacteria help achieve the best degradation effect. Bacteria are embedded during the process of the degradation of aniline wastewater, and the functionalization of the cellulose/sodium alginate-immobilized material results in unique surface structure performance. The performance of the prepared system is better than that of the single sodium alginate-based material characterized by a large surface area and good mechanical properties. The degradation efficiency of the system is improved significantly for the cellulose materials, and the prepared materials can potentially find applications in the field of bacteria-fixed technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fan
- Membrane Separation and Water Treatment Center, Zhejiang University of Technology, State Key Lab Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China E-mail:
| | - Zhenzhen Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Peng Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Laiyun Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Membrane Separation and Water Treatment Center, Zhejiang University of Technology, State Key Lab Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China E-mail:
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Yuan Y, Shen J, Salmon S. Developing Enzyme Immobilization with Fibrous Membranes: Longevity and Characterization Considerations. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050532. [PMID: 37233593 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous membranes offer broad opportunities to deploy immobilized enzymes in new reactor and application designs, including multiphase continuous flow-through reactions. Enzyme immobilization is a technology strategy that simplifies the separation of otherwise soluble catalytic proteins from liquid reaction media and imparts stabilization and performance enhancement. Flexible immobilization matrices made from fibers have versatile physical attributes, such as high surface area, light weight, and controllable porosity, which give them membrane-like characteristics, while simultaneously providing good mechanical properties for creating functional filters, sensors, scaffolds, and other interface-active biocatalytic materials. This review examines immobilization strategies for enzymes on fibrous membrane-like polymeric supports involving all three fundamental mechanisms of post-immobilization, incorporation, and coating. Post-immobilization offers an infinite selection of matrix materials, but may encounter loading and durability issues, while incorporation offers longevity but has more limited material options and may present mass transfer obstacles. Coating techniques on fibrous materials at different geometric scales are a growing trend in making membranes that integrate biocatalytic functionality with versatile physical supports. Biocatalytic performance parameters and characterization techniques for immobilized enzymes are described, including several emerging techniques of special relevance for fibrous immobilized enzymes. Diverse application examples from the literature, focusing on fibrous matrices, are summarized, and biocatalyst longevity is emphasized as a critical performance parameter that needs increased attention to advance concepts from lab scale to broader utilization. This consolidation of fabrication, performance measurement, and characterization techniques, with guiding examples highlighted, is intended to inspire future innovations in enzyme immobilization with fibrous membranes and expand their uses in novel reactors and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- Center for Nanophase Materials and Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry & Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jialong Shen
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry & Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sonja Salmon
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry & Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Imam H, Hill K, Reid A, Mix S, Marr PC, Marr AC. Supramolecular Ionic Liquid Gels for Enzyme Entrapment. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:6829-6837. [PMID: 37180026 PMCID: PMC10170508 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is an entrapment method for enzyme immobilization that does not require the formation of new covalent bonds. Ionic liquid supramolecular gels are formed containing enzymes that can be shaped into gel beads and act as recyclable immobilized biocatalysts. The gel was formed from two components, a hydrophobic phosphonium ionic liquid and a low molecular weight gelator derived from the amino acid phenylalanine. Gel-entrapped lipase from Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus was recycled for 10 runs over 3 days without loss of activity and retained activity for at least 150 days. The procedure does not form covalent bonds upon gel formation, which is supramolecular, and no bonds are formed between the enzyme and the solid support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan
T. Imam
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, UK, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom BT9 5AG
| | - Kyle Hill
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, UK, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom BT9 5AG
| | - Andrew Reid
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, UK, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom BT9 5AG
| | - Stefan Mix
- Department
of Biocatalysis, Almac Bioscience, Almac
Group, Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom BT63 5QD
| | - Patricia C. Marr
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, UK, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom BT9 5AG
- E-mail:
| | - Andrew C. Marr
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, UK, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom BT9 5AG
- E-mail:
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Vázquez V, Giorgi V, Bonfiglio F, Menéndez P, Gioia L, Ovsejevi K. Lignocellulosic residues from bioethanol production: a novel source of biopolymers for laccase immobilization. RSC Adv 2023; 13:13463-13471. [PMID: 37152583 PMCID: PMC10154946 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01520c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The full utilization of the main components in the lignocellulosic biomass is the major goal from a biorefinery point of view, giving not only environmental benefits but also making the process economically viable. In this sense the solid residue obtained in bioethanol production after steam explosion pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation of the lignocellulosic biomass, was studied for further valorization. Two different residues were analyzed, one generated by the production of cellulosic ethanol from an energy crop such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and the other, from wood (Eucalyptus globulus). The chemical composition of these by-products showed that they were mainly composed of lignin with a total content range from 70 to 83% (w/w) and small amounts of cellulose and hemicellulose. The present work was focused on devising a new alternative for processing these materials, based on the ability of the ionic liquids (IL) to dissolve lignocellulosic biomass. The resulting mixture of biopolymers and IL constituted the raw material for developing new insoluble biocatalysts. Active hydrogels based on fungal laccase from Dichostereum sordulentum 1488 were attained. A multifactorial analysis of the main variables involved in the immobilization process enabled a more direct approach to improving hydrogel-bound activity. These hydrogels achieved a 97% reduction in the concentration of the estrogen ethinylestradiol, an emerging contaminant of particular concern due to its endocrine activity. The novel biocatalysts based on fungal laccase entrapped on a matrix made from a by-product of second-generation bioethanol production presents great potential for performing heterogeneous catalysis offering extra value to the ethanol biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Vázquez
- Área Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República General Flores 2124 11800 Montevideo Uruguay +598 29241806
| | - Victoria Giorgi
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Fernando Bonfiglio
- Latitud - Fundación LATU, Centro de Investigaciones en Biocombustibles 2G Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Pilar Menéndez
- Universidad de la República, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Larissa Gioia
- Área Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República General Flores 2124 11800 Montevideo Uruguay +598 29241806
| | - Karen Ovsejevi
- Área Bioquímica, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República General Flores 2124 11800 Montevideo Uruguay +598 29241806
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Narayanrao KA, Bayineni VK, Sahu CK, Kadeppagari RK. Food processing applications of protease activity identified in the methotrexate degrading enzyme of Variovorax paradoxus. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Vaidyanathan VK, Kumar PS, Singh I, Singh I, Rangasamy G, Saratale RG, Saratale GD. Removal of pentachlorophenol and phenanthrene from lignocellulosic biorefinery wastewater by a biocatalytic/biosurfactant system comprising cross-linked laccase aggregates and rhamnolipid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 329:121635. [PMID: 37085105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of highly active cross-linked laccase aggregates (CLLAs) were performed and evaluated for removal of pentachlorophenol and phenanthrene from lignocellulosic biorefinery wastewater. Laccase from Tramates versicolor MTCC 138 was insolubilized as CLLAs via precipitation with 70% ammonium sulphate and simultaneous cross-linking with 5 mM glutaraldehyde to obtain activity recovery of 89.1%. Compared to the free laccase, the pH and thermal stability of the prepared CLLAs were significantly higher. At a high temperature of 60 °C, free laccase had a half-life of 0.25 h, while CLLAs had a half-life of 6.2 h. In biorefinery wastewater (pH 7.0), the free and CLLAs were stored for 3 day at a temperature of 30 °C. Free laccase completely lost their initial activity after 60 h; however, the CLLAs retained 39% activity till 72 h. Due to its excellent stability, free laccase and CLLAs were assessed for removing pentachlorophenol and phenanthrene in wastewater. CLLAs could remove 51-58% of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and phenanthrene (PHE) in 24 h. Biosurfactants, including surfactin, sophorolipid, and rhamnolipid, were assessed for their aptitude to improve the removal of organic contaminants in wastewater. Biorefinery wastewater incubated with all surfactants enhanced PCP and PHE removal compared to the no-surfactant controls. Further, 1 μM rhamnolipid significantly amplified pentachlorophenol and phenanthrene removal to 81-93% for free laccase and CLLAs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur , 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Isita Singh
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur , 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ishani Singh
- Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur , 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Rijuta Ganesh Saratale
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Y, Geng Q, Zhang Y, Adler-Abramovich L, Fan X, Mei D, Gazit E, Tao K. Fmoc-diphenylalanine gelating nanoarchitectonics: A simplistic peptide self-assembly to meet complex applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 636:113-133. [PMID: 36623365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF), has been has been extensively explored due to its ultrafast self-assembly kinetics, inherent biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and especially, the capability of forming self-sustained gels under physiological conditions. Consequently, various methodologies to develop Fmoc-FF gels and their corresponding applications in biomedical and industrial fields have been extensively studied. Herein, we systemically summarize the mechanisms underlying Fmoc-FF self-assembly, discuss the preparation methodologies of Fmoc-FF hydrogels, and then deliberate the properties as well as the diverse applications of Fmoc-FF self-assemblies. Finally, the contemporary shortcomings which limit the development of Fmoc-FF self-assembly are raised and the alternative solutions are proposed, along with future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China; Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Qiang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Lihi Adler-Abramovich
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, Hangzhou 311200, China.
| | - Xinyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Deqing Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ehud Gazit
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel; Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, Hangzhou 311200, China.
| | - Kai Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, Hangzhou 311200, China.
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Andrade LS, Lima HH, Silva CT, Amorim WL, Poço JG, López-Castillo A, Kirillova MV, Carvalho WA, Kirillov AM, Mandelli D. Metal–organic frameworks as catalysts and biocatalysts for methane oxidation: The current state of the art. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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