1
|
Agafonova AV, Smetanin IA, Rostovskii NV, Khlebnikov AF, Novikov MS. Synthesis of 2-(2-Pyridyl)-2 H-azirines via Metal-Free C-C Cross-Coupling of Bromoazirines with 2-Stannylpyridines. Org Lett 2021; 23:8045-8049. [PMID: 34597057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A high-yield method for the introduction of a 2-pyridyl substituent in the C2 position of the three-membered ring of 2-bromo-2H-azirine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives by the direct cross-coupling with 2-(trialkylstannyl)pyridines has been described. The reaction works well with 3-, 4-, or 5-substituted 2-stannylpyridines and can be also employed for the synthesis of 2-(thiazol-2-yl)-2H-azirines. According to DFT calculations, the reaction proceeds through the sequence of SN2'-substitution of bromine, 1,4-stannyl shift, and [2,3]-sigmatropic shift of the pyridine ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya V Agafonova
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Ilia A Smetanin
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Rostovskii
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander F Khlebnikov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cook XAF, de Gombert A, McKnight J, Pantaine LRE, Willis MC. The 2-Pyridyl Problem: Challenging Nucleophiles in Cross-Coupling Arylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11068-11091. [PMID: 32940402 PMCID: PMC8246887 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Azine-containing biaryls are ubiquitous scaffolds in many areas of chemistry, and efficient methods for their synthesis are continually desired. Pyridine rings are prominent amongst these motifs. Transition-metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions have been widely used for their synthesis and functionalisation as they often provide a swift and tuneable route to related biaryl scaffolds. However, 2-pyridine organometallics are capricious coupling partners and 2-pyridyl boron reagents in particular are notorious for their instability and poor reactivity in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. The synthesis of pyridine-containing biaryls is therefore limited, and methods for the formation of unsymmetrical 2,2'-bis-pyridines are scarce. This Review focuses on the methods developed for the challenging coupling of 2-pyridine nucleophiles with (hetero)aryl electrophiles, and ranges from traditional cross-coupling processes to alternative nucleophilic reagents and novel main group approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlan A. F. Cook
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford University12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Antoine de Gombert
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford University12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Janette McKnight
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford University12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Loïc R. E. Pantaine
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford University12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford University12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Adak T, Hoffmann M, Witzel S, Rudolph M, Dreuw A, Hashmi ASK. Visible Light-Enabled sp 3 -C-H Functionalization with Chloro- and Bromoalkynes: Chemoselective Route to Vinylchlorides or Alkynes. Chemistry 2020; 26:15573-15580. [PMID: 32472581 PMCID: PMC7756539 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented direct atom-economic chemo- and regioselective hydroalkylation of chloroalkynes and an sp3 -C-H alkynylation of bromoalkynes was achieved. The reaction partners are unfunctionalized ethers, alcohols, amides, and even non-activated hydrocarbons. We found that a household fluorescent bulb was able to excite a diaryl ketone, which then selectively abstracts a H-atom from an sp3 -C-H bond. The product of a formal alkyne insertion into the sp3 -C-H bond was obtained with chloroalkynes, providing valuable vinyl chlorides. The photo-organocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer strategy gives rise to a broad range of diversely functionalized olefins. When bromoalkynes are applied in the presence of a base, a chemoselectivity switch to an alkynylation is observed. This reaction can even be performed for the alkynylation of unactivated sp3 -C-H bonds, in this case with a preference of the more substituted carbon. Accompanying quantum chemical calculations indicate a vinyl radical intermediate with pronounced linear coordination of the carbon radical center, thus enabling the formation of both diastereoisomers after H-atom abstraction, suggesting that the (Z)-diastereoisomer is preferred, which supports the experimentally observed (E/Z)-distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Adak
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Marvin Hoffmann
- Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInterdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sina Witzel
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInterdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cook XAF, Gombert A, McKnight J, Pantaine LRE, Willis MC. The 2‐Pyridyl Problem: Challenging Nucleophiles in Cross‐Coupling Arylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlan A. F. Cook
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Antoine Gombert
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Janette McKnight
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Loïc R. E. Pantaine
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Michael C. Willis
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kanchana U, Diana EJ, Mathew TV, Anilkumar G. Palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of coumarin derivatives: An overview. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U.S. Kanchana
- Department of Chemistry St. Thomas College Pala Arunapuram P.O. Kottayam Kerala 686574 India
| | - Elizabeth J. Diana
- Department of Chemistry St. Thomas College Pala Arunapuram P.O. Kottayam Kerala 686574 India
| | - Thomas V. Mathew
- Department of Chemistry St. Thomas College Pala Arunapuram P.O. Kottayam Kerala 686574 India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University P D Hills PO Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarshini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sarkar N, Mahato M, Nembenna S. Palladium‐Catalyzed Selective Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) 752050 Bhubaneswar India
| | - Mamata Mahato
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) 752050 Bhubaneswar India
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) 752050 Bhubaneswar India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kitamura Y, Matsumura M, Kato Y, Murata Y, Yasuike S. Cascade Synthesis of 4-Arylcoumarins: Pd-Catalyzed Arylations and Cyclizations with ( E
)-Ethyl 3-(2-Hydroxyaryl)acrylates and Triarylantimony Difluorides. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kitamura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Aichi Gakuin University; 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku 464-8650 Nagoya Japan
| | - Mio Matsumura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Aichi Gakuin University; 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku 464-8650 Nagoya Japan
| | - Yukari Kato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Aichi Gakuin University; 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku 464-8650 Nagoya Japan
| | - Yuki Murata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Aichi Gakuin University; 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku 464-8650 Nagoya Japan
| | - Shuji Yasuike
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Aichi Gakuin University; 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku 464-8650 Nagoya Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bartolomeu ADA, Silva RC, Brocksom TJ, Noël T, de Oliveira KT. Photoarylation of Pyridines Using Aryldiazonium Salts and Visible Light: An EDA Approach. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10459-10471. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aloisio de A. Bartolomeu
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Sustainable Process Engineering, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo C. Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Timothy J. Brocksom
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Sustainable Process Engineering, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kleber T. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jung JW, Kim NJ, Yun H, Han YT. Recent Advances in Synthesis of 4-Arylcoumarins. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102417. [PMID: 30241375 PMCID: PMC6222890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Arylcoumarins (4-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one), also known as neoflavones, comprise a minor subclass of naturally occurring flavonoids. Because of their broad-spectrum biological activities, arylcoumarins have been attracting the attention of the organic and medicinal chemistry communities, and are considered as an important privileged scaffold. Since the development of Pechmann condensation, a classical acid-catalyzed condensation between phenol and β-keto-carboxylic acid, several versatile and efficient synthetic approaches for 4-arylcoumarins have been reported. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis of the 4-arylcoumarin scaffold by classifying them based on the final bond-formation type. In particular, synthetic methods executed under mild and highly efficient conditions, such as solvent-free reactions and transition metal catalysis, are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Wha Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Nam-Jung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea.
| | - Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Young Taek Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bulky 2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-methylphenyl β-diiminato derived complexes of Pd(II) and Cu(II): Efficient catalysts for Suzuki coupling and alcohol oxidation. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Wang B, Jiang JL, Yu HZ, Fu Y. Mechanistic Study on the Ruthenium-Catalyzed Terminal Alkyne Hydrochlorination. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM,
CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key
Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Ju-long Jiang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM,
CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key
Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-zhu Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM,
CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key
Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Braun C, Spuling E, Heine NB, Cakici M, Nieger M, Bräse S. Efficient Modular Synthesis of Isomeric Mono- and Bispyridyl[2.2]paracyclophanes by Palladium-Catalyzed Cross- Coupling Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
13
|
Sun H, Cao B, Tian Q, Liu S, Du D, Xue Z, Fu H. A DFT study on the absorption mechanism of vinyl chloride by ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Peiris S, McMurtrie J, Zhu HY. Metal nanoparticle photocatalysts: emerging processes for green organic synthesis. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy02048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles (Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, Pt, Ir, Rh, Au–Pd alloyetc.) supported on inert support (ZrO2, zeolite) can be direct photocatalysts to series of organic synthesis with visible light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunari Peiris
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Science and Engineering Faculty
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
| | - John McMurtrie
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Science and Engineering Faculty
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
| | - Huai-Yong Zhu
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Science and Engineering Faculty
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu KM, Liao LY, Duan XF. Iron catalyzed oxidative assembly of N-heteroaryl and aryl metal reagents using oxygen as an oxidant. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1124-7. [PMID: 25466876 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08494b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An equivalent amount of N-heteroaryl and aryl Grignard or lithium reagents, after mediation by an equivalent of titanate, was facilely coupled to furnish N-heteroaryl-aryl compounds under the catalysis of FeCl3/TMEDA at ambient temperature using oxygen as an oxidant. Most of the common N-heteroaryls were all good candidates, and thus provided a general, green and pratical protocol for the flexible construction of various N-heteroaryl-aryl structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen C, Bellows SM, Holland PL. Tuning steric and electronic effects in transition-metal β-diketiminate complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:16654-70. [PMID: 26244489 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02215k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
β-Diketiminates are widely used supporting ligands for building a range of metal complexes with different oxidation states, structures, and reactivities. This Perspective summarizes the steric and electronic influences of ligand substituents on these complexes, with an eye toward informing the design of new complexes with optimized properties. The backbone and N-aryl substituents can give significant steric effects on structure, reactivity and selectivity of reactions. The electron density on the metal can be tuned by installation of electron withdrawing or donating groups on the β-diketiminate ligand as well. Examples are shown from throughout the transition metal series to demonstrate different types of effects attributable to systematic variation of β-diketiminate ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ronson TO, Carney JR, Whitwood AC, Taylor RJK, Fairlamb IJS. AsCat and FurCat: new Pd catalysts for selective room-temperature Stille cross-couplings of benzyl chlorides with organostannanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3466-9. [PMID: 25626327 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09810b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel succinimide-based palladium complexes, AsCat and FurCat, are highly efficient catalysts for room-temperature Stille cross-coupling of organostannanes with benzyl chlorides. The air- and moisture-stable catalysts are prepared in one step, and the coupling reactions proceed with a high selectivity for the benzyl position under mild conditions without the need for additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Ronson
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Prakash S, Muralirajan K, Cheng CH. Rh-catalyzed oxidizing group-directed ortho C–H vinylation of arenes by vinylstannanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:13362-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of functionalized vinyl arenes from the reaction of N-methoxybenzamides or N-phenoxyacetamides with vinylstannanes via rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C–H activation is described. The application of the methodology for the synthesis of a natural product thalactamine and a 7-membered ring oxepine are also demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sekar Prakash
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| | | | - Chien-Hong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nasrollahzadeh M, Sajadi SM, Honarmand E, Maham M. Preparation of palladium nanoparticles using Euphorbia thymifolia L. leaf extract and evaluation of catalytic activity in the ligand-free Stille and Hiyama cross-coupling reactions in water. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00244c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The yields of the reaction products were very high and no toxic organic solvents were needed in this method. The high efficiency of the catalyst remains unaltered even after five successive cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Mohammad Sajadi
- Department of Petroleum Geoscience
- Faculty of Science
- Soran University
- Soran
- Iraq
| | | | - Mehdi Maham
- Department of Chemistry
- Aliabad Katoul Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Aliabad Katoul
- Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nasrollahzadeh M, Maham M, Ehsani A, Khalaj M. Palladium on nano-magnetite: a magnetically reusable catalyst in the ligand- and copper-free Sonogashira and Stille cross-coupling reactions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra48003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|