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Fang S, Liu Z, Wang T. Design and Application of Peptide-Mimic Phosphonium Salt Catalysts in Asymmetric Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307258. [PMID: 37408171 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Chiral phosphonium salt catalysis, traditionally classified as a type of phase transfer catalysis, has proven to be a powerful strategy for the stereoselective preparation of diverse optically active molecules. However, there still remain numerous forbidding issues of reactivity and selectivity in such well-known organocatalysis system. Accordingly, the development of new and high-performance phosphonium salt catalysts with unique chiral backbones is highly desirable, yet challenging. This Minireview describes the prominent endeavours in the development of a new family of chiral peptide-mimic phosphonium salt catalysts with multiple hydrogen-bonding donors and their applications in a plethora of enantioselective synthesis during the past few years. Hopefully, this minireview will pave a way for further developing much more efficient and privileged chiral ligands/catalysts featuring exclusively catalytic ability in asymmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zanjiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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2
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Chai Y, Chen P, Wu R, Zhou J, Ou J, Min Y, Wang H, Zhang D, Zhou H, Liu Y, Zhou J. Enantioselective Alkynylation of Pyrazole-4,5-diones with Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Copper/PyBisulidine. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13645-13654. [PMID: 37681260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
A copper/PyBisulidine-catalyzed enantioselective alkynylation of electrophilic pyrazole-4,5-dione with terminal alkynes has been developed. Chiral tertiary propargylic alcohols bearing the pyrazolone motif were prepared with yields (up to 99%) and enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). The prominent feature of this protocol includes its mild reaction conditions and good stereoselectivities. The nonlinear effect study showed that the catalytically active specie was a monomeric catalyst and that the excess copper activated the alkynes through the π-system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chai
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ruoran Wu
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junyu Zhou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianhua Ou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Min
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Haoting Wang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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3
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Stereodivergently asymmetric synthesis of chiral phosphorus compounds by synergistic combination of ion-pair catalyst and base. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Furuya S, Kanemoto K, Fukuzawa SI. exo'-Selective Construction of Spirobipyrrolidines by the Silver-catalyzed Asymmetric [3+2] Cycloaddition of Imino Esters with 4-Benzylidene-2,3-dioxopyrrolidines. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200239. [PMID: 35486803 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented Ag-catalyzed exo ' -selective [3+2] cycloaddition of imino esters with 4-benzylidene-2,3-dioxopyrrolidines is described. The reaction was efficiently catalyzed by AgOAc/( R , S p )-ThioClickFerrophos (TCF) leading to the construction of the corresponding spirobipyrrolidine scaffolds in excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities. This reaction is the first example of a silver-catalyzed exo ' -selective asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition, as well as the first exo ' -selective spirobipyrrolidine construction via a [3+2] cycloaddition process using imino esters. The wide substrate scope of this reaction enabled the preparation of structurally diverse spirobipyrrolidine derivatives, which are attracting attention as targets for drug discovery. Mechanistic studies suggested that the unusual exo ' -selectivity of this reaction is not due to epimerization following the common exo - or endo -selective cycloaddition, but instead is due to a stepwise Michael addition/Mannich sequence with bond rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Furuya
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kanemoto
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Fukuzawa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Bao X, Wang X, Tian JM, Ye X, Wang B, Wang H. Recent advances in the applications of pyrazolone derivatives in enantioselective synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2370-2386. [PMID: 35234777 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02426d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolones and pyrazoles, featuring nitrogen-nitrogen bonds, are two of the most important classes of heterocycles, owing to their widespread occurrence in medicinal chemistry and functional materials. The last decade has witnessed a rapid increase in the construction of chiral pyrazolone and pyrazole derivatives, with the application of pyrazolone derivatives as powerful synthons. Since our last review in 2018, a large number of new achievements has emerged in this area, requiring a timely update. Thus, this review summarizes these elegant achievements based on the multiple reactive sites of different pyrazolone synthons. In addition, important mechanisms and interesting biological investigations relating to the corresponding products are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoze Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xingyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Jin-Miao Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xinyi Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 112024, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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6
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Huang Y, Wei X, Bao X, Nawaz S, Qu J, Wang B. Asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 4-aminopyrazolone-based azomethine ylides: a straightforward approach to spiropyrazolones. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00426g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition of 4-amino pyrazolone-derived azomethine ylides with α,β-enones has been established for the synthesis of 4-spiropyazolones derivatives with four contiguous stereocenters. This cycloaddition process delivered spiro[pyrrolidine-2,4’-pyrazolone] derivatives...
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7
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Zhang W, Wei X, Wang Y, Huang Y, Nawaz S, Qu J, Wang B. Construction of pyrazole fused spiroketals by a (3 + 2) annulation reaction. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A stereoselective (3 + 2) annulation process between 4-bromo pyrazolones and benzofuran-derived azadienes was developed. A series of novel pyrazole fused spiroketals were synthesized in the presence of triethylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wande Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
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8
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Torán R, Miguélez R, Sanz‐Marco A, Vila C, Pedro JR, Blay G. Asymmetric Addition and Cycloaddition Reactions with Ylidene‐Five‐Membered Heterocycles. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Torán
- Departament de Química Orgànica Universitat de València C/Dr. Moliner 50 46100- Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - Rubén Miguélez
- Departament de Química Orgànica Universitat de València C/Dr. Moliner 50 46100- Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - Amparo Sanz‐Marco
- Departament de Química Orgànica Universitat de València C/Dr. Moliner 50 46100- Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - Carlos Vila
- Departament de Química Orgànica Universitat de València C/Dr. Moliner 50 46100- Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - José R. Pedro
- Departament de Química Orgànica Universitat de València C/Dr. Moliner 50 46100- Burjassot (València) Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blay
- Departament de Química Orgànica Universitat de València C/Dr. Moliner 50 46100- Burjassot (València) Spain
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9
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Feng Z, Zhang H, Ren X, Jiang C, Gao G, Wang T. Enantioselective Construction of Tertiary C(sp3)−P Bonds by Thiourea‐based Bifunctional Phosphonium Salt‐catalyzed Hydrophosphonylation of Ketone Compounds. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghuai Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Hongkui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology 2 Mengxi Road Zhenjiang 212003 P. R. China
| | - Guowei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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10
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Zhang S, Feng Z, Jiang C, Yu X, Pan J, Du J, Jiang Z, Chen Y, Wang T. Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Phosphorus-Containing ϵ-Benzosultams by Bifunctional Phosphonium Salt-Promoted Hydrophosphonylation. Chemistry 2021; 27:11285-11290. [PMID: 34009722 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ϵ-Benzosultam derivatives are potential drug candidates with diverse biological activities. A series of chiral ϵ-benzosultams bearing phosphorus functionalities was synthesized by catalytic asymmetric hydrophosphonylation in the presence of a bifunctional phosphonium salt catalyst. The desired hydrophosphonylation products were obtained in good yields with high enantioselectivities, and scale-up reactions and further derivations were successfully accomplished. Some control experiments were also conducted to elucidate the plausible reaction mechanism of this chemical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghuai Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Chemistry School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, 1 Xianglin Road, Luzhou, 646000, P. R. China
| | - Jianke Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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11
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Orbán I, Varga B, Bagi P, Hegedűs L, Bakó P, Rapi Z. Synthesis of Methyl 4,6-Di- O-ethyl-α-d-glucopyranoside-Based Azacrown Ethers and Their Effects in Asymmetric Reactions. Molecules 2021; 26:4668. [PMID: 34361821 PMCID: PMC8348128 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based crown ethers have been reported to be able to generate asymmetric induction in certain reactions. Previously, it was proved that the monosaccharide unit, the anomeric substituent, and the sidearm could influence the catalytic activity of the monoaza-15-crown-5 macrocycles derived from sugars. In order to gain information about the effect of the flexibility, 4,6-di-O-ethyl-glucoside-based crown compounds were synthesized, and their efficiency was compared to the 4,6-O-benzylidene analogues. It was found that the absence of the two-ring annulation has a negative effect on the enantioselectivity in liquid-liquid two-phase reactions: in the Darzens condensation of 2-chloroacetophenone and in the epoxidation of chalcone. The same trend was observed in the solid-liquid phase Michael addition of diethyl acetamidomalonate. Surprisingly, in the solid-liquid phase cyclopropanation of benzylidenemalononitrile, one of the new catalysts was highly enantioselective (99% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zsolt Rapi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (I.O.); (B.V.); (P.B.); (L.H.); (P.B.)
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12
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Sulfide‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Spirocyclopropanation: Constructing Spiro‐cyclopropanyl‐pyrazolones From α‐Arylidenepyrazolones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Honglei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchao Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
- College of Public Health Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
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14
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Pedro JR, Vila C, Carceller-Ferrer L, Blay G. Recent Advances in Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrazolones with a Tetrasubstituted Stereogenic Center at the 4-Position. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPyrazolone [2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-4-one] represents one of the most important five-membered nitrogen heterocycles which is present in numerous pharmaceutical drugs and molecules with biological activity. Recently, many catalytic methodologies for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral pyrazolones have been established with great success, specially, for the synthesis of pyrazolones bearing a tetrasubstituted stereocenter at C-4. This review summarizes these excellent research studies since 2018, including representative examples and some mechanistic pathways explaining the observed stereochemistry.1 Introduction2 Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Pyrazolones with a Full Carbon Tetrasubstituted Stereocenter at C-43 Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Pyrazolones with a Quaternary Carbon Stereocenter at C-4 bearing a Heteroatom4 Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Spiropyrazolones5 Conclusion
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Lu D, Wu JH, Pan J, Chen X, Ren X, Wang T. Asymmetric synthesis of benzothiazolopyrimidines with high catalytic efficiency and stereoselectivity under bifunctional phosphonium salt systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11231-11234. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04820h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional phosphonium salt-mediated formal [4+2] annulation towards chiral benzothiazolopyrimidine compounds with excellent yields and stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Jianke Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
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