1
|
Li J, Yi Y, Wang C, Lu W, Liao M, Jing X, Wang W. An Intrinsically Transparent Polyamide Film with Superior Toughness and Great Optical Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:599. [PMID: 38475284 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyamide 66 was extensively utilized in various applications contributed by its excellent mechanical performance and outstanding durability. However, its high crystallinity renders it to have low transparency, which seriously limits its application in optical devices. Herein, a highly transparent polyamide (PA) 66-based copolymer was reported using 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane (PACM), adipic acid, and polyamide 66 salt as the reaction monomers. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis revealed that the crystal phase of the synthesized PA66/PACM6 displayed a clear transition from α to γ as the PACM6 increased accompanied by a decreased intensity in the diffraction peak of the copolymer, whose transmittance was successfully adjusted reaching as high as 92.5% (at 550 nm) when the PACM6 was 40 wt%. Moreover, the copolymer with a higher content of PACM6 exhibited larger toughness. On the other hand, the biaxially oriented films of PA66/PACM6 (20 wt%) were also prepared, and it was found that the transparency of the PA66/PACM6 copolymer could be further enhanced via adjusting the stretching ratio of the film. Furthermore, the mechanical strength of the biaxially oriented PA66/PACM6 was also improved with the increase in the orientation degree in the stretching process, indicating that the physical properties of the transparent PA66 were significantly influenced by its alicyclic structure, and the introduction of PACM into PA66 was capable of effectively improving the optical and crystalline characteristics of PA66, revealing that the synthetic strategy has great potential for guiding the design and development of transparent polyamide materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yong Yi
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Weijian Lu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Mingxi Liao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Xin Jing
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Zhang H, Li L. Structural design of poly(vinyl alcohol)/carbon fiber composite film used for antistatic packaging via asynchronous biaxial stretching. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Huili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin X, Wu Y, Fan S, Chen X, Liu Y, Liu X, Zheng W. Structural evolution and properties of polyamide‐6/poly(ether block amide) films during the simultaneous biaxial stretching. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xintu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Yincai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Shuhong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Xi Chen
- Xiamen Changsu Industrial Company Limited Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Xiaochao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Xiamen Changsu Industrial Company Limited Xiamen Fujian China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin X, Wu Y, Cui L, Chen X, Fan S, Liu Y, Liu X, Zheng W. Crystal structure, morphology, and mechanical properties of biaxially oriented polyamide‐6 films toughened with poly(ether block amide). POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xintu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Yincai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Lingna Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Xi Chen
- Research & Development Center Xiamen Changsu Industrial Company Limited Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Shuhong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Xiaochao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Research & Development Center Xiamen Changsu Industrial Company Limited Xiamen Fujian China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin F, Liu Y, Song L, Hao X, Liu X, Fan S, Wu Y, Mao L. Preparation of biaxially oriented polyamide 6/polyketone/graphene oxide films with enhanced barrier and mechanical behaviors. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fenglong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Lijun Song
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou China
| | - Xihai Hao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Xiaochao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Shuhong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| | - Yincai Wu
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen China
| | - Long Mao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Crystal Structure and Mechanical Properties of Uniaxially Stretched PA612/SiO 2 Films. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030711. [PMID: 32210060 PMCID: PMC7182885 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretching has a significant effect on the microstructure and ultimate performance of semi-crystalline polymers. To investigate the effect of stretching on structure and mechanical properties of uniaxial stretched PA612/SiO2, PA612 and PA612/SiO2 films were prepared at four temperatures close to the glass transition temperature at various strain. The samples were characterized by a transmission electron microscope (TEM), wide-angle X-ray diffractometer (WAXD), Two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray Scattering (2D-WAXS), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and stretching tests. The results showed that the α phase was the dominant phase in PA612 casting film, no obvious γ phase was observed, while both stretching and the presence of SiO2 can induce the generation of α phase and improve the crystallinity of PA612. Crystals were oriented along the stretching direction and the b axis was parallel to the equatorial direction after stretching. The interplanar spacing of (010/110) decreased with the increasing stretching temperature and expanded with the increasing strain, while stretching temperature and strain present negligible effect on the interplanar spacing of (100). The grain size increased with the stretching temperature while decreased with strain. The presence of SiO2 led to reduce the yield stress and the stress drop beyond yielding of the composite. Uniaxial stretching gave rise to a significant improvement in the fracture stress and the glass transition temperature.
Collapse
|
7
|
Li L, Li T, Li J, Sun C, Wang S, Li C, Wang Z. A miniaturized biaxial tensile apparatus based on torsional loading design. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:045103. [PMID: 31043018 DOI: 10.1063/1.5090535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A miniaturized biaxial tensile apparatus is presented. Based on a torsional loading design, the total dimensions and weight of the apparatus have been reduced, while the output force has been increased. Owing to the use of four independent stepping motors, the apparatus can realize arbitrary displacement ratios during the loading processes. The apparatus is designed to be applied with a laser scanning confocal microscope realizing in situ mechanical tests. Through a proof-of-principle experiment with an optimized cruciform shaped specimen, the developed biaxial tensile apparatus is proved to be suitable for in situ tests of biaxial stress analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linan Li
- Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiru Sun
- Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Wang
- Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanwei Li
- Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|