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Bi X, Li S, He T, Chen H, Li Y, Jia X, Cao X, Guo Y, Yang Y, Ma W, Yao Z, Kan B, Li C, Wan X, Chen Y. Balancing Flexible Side Chains on 2D Conjugated Acceptors Enables High-Performance Organic Solar Cell. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311561. [PMID: 38546001 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Balancing the rigid backbones and flexible side chains of light-harvesting materials is crucially important to reach optimized intermolecular packing, micromorphology, and thus photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, based on a distinctive CH-series acceptor platform with 2D conjugation extended backbones, a series of nonfullerene acceptors (CH-6F-Cn) are synthesized by delicately tuning the lengths of flexible side chains from n-octyl to n-amyl. A systemic investigation has revealed that the variation of the side chain's length can not only modulate intermolecular packing modes and crystallinity but also dramatically improve the micromorphology of the active layer and eventual photovoltaic parameters of OSCs. Consequently, the highest PCE of 18.73% can be achieved by OSCs employing D18:PM6:CH-6F-C8 as light-harvesting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shitong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinyuan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bin Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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2
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Oh S, Amjad M, Ahn T, Lee SK. Rational design of the S,
N‐heteroacene‐based nonfullerene
by introducing the fluorine atom for efficient
high‐performance
organic solar cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sora Oh
- Advanced Materials Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Yuseong, Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Mufarah Amjad
- Advanced Materials Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Yuseong, Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering University of Science and Technology (UST) Yuseong, Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Ahn
- Department of Chemistry Kyungsung University Nam‐gu, Busan Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Advanced Materials Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Yuseong, Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering University of Science and Technology (UST) Yuseong, Daejeon Republic of Korea
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3
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Song H, Zhou H, Shen Y, Wang H, Song H, Cai X, Xu C. HFIP as Protonation Reagent and Solvent for Regioselective Alkylation of Indoles with All-Carbon Centers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1086-1097. [PMID: 35015536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The regio- and chemoselective construction of indole bearing an all-carbon center at the C3-position, a versatile bioactive building block, by C(sp2)-C(sp3) formation with olefins has been achieved through utilization of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as the protonation reagent and solvent. The catalytic reactions are operationally simple and green compared with previous reports utilizing elaborated olefins and catalysts. This protocol allows for alkylation of a variety of substituted indoles with diverse of styrene type alkenes in excellent yields and with high selectivity. Application of this protocol to the synthesis of drug was pursued and with an improved yield in contrast to previous art. Catalytic kinetics and deuterium-labeling experiments suggest that the rate-determining step involves the protonation of olefin by HFIP to generate carbocation, followed by electrophilic addition to indole derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Song
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hua Song
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xingwei Cai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chen Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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4
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Schweda B, Reinfelds M, Hofstadler P, Trimmel G, Rath T. Recent Progress in the Design of Fused-Ring Non-Fullerene Acceptors-Relations between Molecular Structure and Optical, Electronic, and Photovoltaic Properties. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:11899-11981. [PMID: 35856015 PMCID: PMC9286321 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells are on the dawn of the next era. The change of focus toward non-fullerene acceptors has introduced an enormous amount of organic n-type materials and has drastically increased the power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaics, now exceeding 18%, a value that was believed to be unreachable some years ago. In this Review, we summarize the recent progress in the design of ladder-type fused-ring non-fullerene acceptors in the years 2018-2020. We thereby concentrate on single layer heterojunction solar cells and omit tandem architectures as well as ternary solar cells. By analyzing more than 700 structures, we highlight the basic design principles and their influence on the optical and electrical structure of the acceptor molecules and review their photovoltaic performance obtained so far. This Review should give an extensive overview of the plenitude of acceptor motifs but will also help to understand which structures and strategies are beneficial for designing materials for highly efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Schweda
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Matiss Reinfelds
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Hofstadler
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Rath
- Institute for Chemistry and
Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010Graz, Austria
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5
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Wageh S, Raïssi M, Berthelot T, Laurent M, Rousseau D, Abusorrah AM, Al-Hartomy OA, Al-Ghamdi AA. Digital printing of a novel electrode for stable flexible organic solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 8.5. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14212. [PMID: 34244558 PMCID: PMC8270988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93365-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) mixed with single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) (10:1) and doped with (0.1 M) perchloric acid (HClO4) in a solution-processed film, working as an excellent thin transparent conducting film (TCF) in organic solar cells, was investigated. This new electrode structure can be an outstanding substitute for conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) for applications in flexible solar cells due to the potential of attaining high transparency with enhanced conductivity, good flexibility, and good durability via a low-cost process over a large area. In addition, solution-processed vanadium oxide (VOx) doped with a small amount of PEDOT-PSS(PH1000) can be applied as a hole transport layer (HTL) for achieving high efficiency and stability. From these viewpoints, we investigate the benefit of using printed SWNTs-PEDOT-PSS doped with HClO4 as a transparent conducting electrode in a flexible organic solar cell. Additionally, we applied a VOx-PEDOT-PSS thin film as a hole transporting layer and a blend of PTB7 (polythieno[3,4-b] thiophene/benzodithiophene): PC71BM (phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester) as an active layer in devices. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were applied as an electron transport layer and Ag was used as the top electrode. The proposed solar cell structure showed an enhancement in short-circuit current, power conversion efficiency, and stability relative to a conventional cell based on ITO. This result suggests a great carrier injection throughout the interfacial layer, high conductivity and transparency, as well as firm adherence for the new electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wageh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Physics and Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952, Egypt.
| | | | | | | | | | - Abdullah M Abusorrah
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, College of Engineering, K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar A Al-Hartomy
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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6
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880 nm NIR-Triggered Organic Small Molecular-Based Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy of Tumor. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030773. [PMID: 33803677 PMCID: PMC8003086 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has received constant attention as an efficient cancer therapy method due to locally selective treatment, which is not affected by the tumor microenvironment. In this study, a novel 880 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser-triggered photothermal agent (PTA), 3TT-IC-4Cl, was used for PTT of a tumor in deep tissue. Folic acid (FA) conjugated amphiphilic block copolymer (folic acid-polyethylene glycol-poly (β-benzyl-L-aspartate)10, FA-PEG-PBLA10) was employed to encapsulate 3TT-IC-4Cl by nano-precipitation to form stable nanoparticles (TNPs), and TNPs exhibit excellent photothermal stability and photothermal conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the in vitro results showed TNPs display excellent biocompatibility and significant phototoxicity. These results suggest that 880 nm triggered TNPs have great potential as effective PTAs for photothermal therapy of tumors in deep tissue.
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7
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Sun Y, Gao HH, Wu S, Meng L, Wan X, Li M, Ma Z, Guo Z, Li S, Zhang H, Li C, Chen Y. Improving current and mitigating energy loss in ternary organic photovoltaics enabled by two well-compatible small molecule acceptors. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Zhao C, Wang J, Zhao X, Du Z, Yang R, Tang J. Recent advances, challenges and prospects in ternary organic solar cells. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2181-2208. [PMID: 33480942 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07788g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen a tremendous development of organic solar cells (OSCs). To date, high-performance OSCs have boosted power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 17%, showing bright prospects toward commercial applications. Compared with binary OSCs, ternary OSCs, by introducing a third component as a second donor or acceptor into the active layer, have great potential in realizing outstanding photovoltaic performance. Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent advances of ternary solar cells is presented. According to the chemical components of active layer materials, we classify the ternary systems into four categories, including polymer/small molecule/small molecule, polymer/polymer/small molecule, all-polymer and all-small-molecule types. The relationships among the photovoltaic materials structure and weight ratio, active layer morphology and photovoltaic performance are systematically analyzed and summarized. The features and design strategies of each category are also discussed and summarized. Key issues and challenges faced in ternary OSCs are pointed out, and potential strategies and solutions are proposed. This review may provide guidance for the field of ternary OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhao
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jiuxing Wang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xuanyi Zhao
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zhonglin Du
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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9
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Subbiah J, Lee CJ, Mitchell VD, Jones DJ. Effect of Side-Chain Modification on the Active Layer Morphology and Photovoltaic Performance of Liquid Crystalline Molecular Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1086-1093. [PMID: 33347751 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the nanoscale morphology of the photoactive layer by fine-tuning the molecular structure of semiconducting organic materials is one of the most effective ways to improve the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. In this contribution, we investigate the photovoltaic performance of benzodithiophene (BDT)-based p-type small molecules with three different side chains, namely alkyl-thio (BTR-TE), dialkylthienyl (BTR), and trialkylsilyl (BTR-TIPS) moieties substituted on the BDT core, when used alongside a nonfullerene acceptor. The side-chain changes on the BDT core are shown to have a profound effect on energy levels, charge generation, recombination, morphology, and photovoltaic performance of solid-state molecules. Compared with BTR and BTR-TIPS, BTR-TE-based single-junction binary blend solar cells show the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.2% due to improved morphology and charge transport with suppressed recombination. In addition, we also achieved relatively good performances for ternary blend solar cells with a PCE of 16.1% using BTR-TE as a third component. Our results show that side-chain modification has a significant effect on modulating active layer morphology, and in particular that thioether side-chain modification is an effective way to achieve optimum morphology and performance for organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jegadesan Subbiah
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Calvin J Lee
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Valerie D Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David J Jones
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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10
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Lou J, Han W, Liu Z, Xiao J. Rhodium-catalyzed enone carbonyl directed C–H activation for the synthesis of indanones containing all-carbon quaternary centers. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed enone carbonyl directed C–H activation/annulation of α-aroyl ketene dithioacetals with diazo compounds has been realized for the synthesis of β-quaternary indanones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Lou
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education
- Qilu University of Technology
- Shandong Academy of Sciences
- Jinan 250353
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjia Han
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education
- Qilu University of Technology
- Shandong Academy of Sciences
- Jinan 250353
- P. R. China
| | - Zhuqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking
- Qilu University of Technology
- Shandong Academy of Sciences
- Jinan 250353
- P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking
- Qilu University of Technology
- Shandong Academy of Sciences
- Jinan 250353
- P. R. China
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11
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Ko D, Gu B, Ma Y, Jo S, Hyun DC, Kim CS, Oh HJ, Kim J. Characterization of optical manipulation using microlens arrays depending on the materials and sizes in organic photovoltaics. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9766-9774. [PMID: 35423478 PMCID: PMC8695480 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Various physical structures have improved light-harvesting and power-conversion efficiency in organic photovoltaic devices, and optical simulations have supported the improvement of device characteristics. Herein, we experimentally investigated how microlens arrays manipulate light propagation in microlens films and material stacks for organic photovoltaics to understand the influence of the constituent materials and sizes of the microlens. As materials to fabricate a microlens array, poly(dimethylsiloxane) and Norland Optical Adhesive 63 were adopted. The poly(dimethylsiloxane) microlens array exhibited higher total transmittance and higher diffuse transmittance, further enhancing the effective optical path and light extinction in material stacks for organic photovoltaics. This resulted in more current generation in an organic photovoltaic device with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) microlens array than in a Norland Optical Adhesive 63 microlens array. The sizes of the microlenses were controlled from 0.5 to 10 μm. The optical characteristics of microlens array films and material stacks with microlenses generally increased with size of the microlens, leading to a 10.6% and 16.0% improvement in the light extinction and power-conversion efficiency, respectively. In addition, electron and current generation in material stacks for organic photovoltaics were calculated from light extinction. The theoretical current generation matched well with experimental values derived from organic photovoltaic devices. Thus, the optical characterization of physical structures helps to predict how much more current can be generated in organic photovoltaic cells with a certain physical structure; it can also be used for screening the physical structures of organic photovoltaic cells. The influence of constituent materials and sizes of a microlens was experimentally and theoretically explored.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology
- Gumi 39177
- Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology
- Gumi 39177
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yoohan Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology
- Gumi 39177
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence
| | - Sungjin Jo
- School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 41566
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Choon Hyun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 41566
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Su Kim
- Department of Advanced Functional Thin Films
- Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS)
- Changwon 51508
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Oh
- Advanced Materials Research Center
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology
- Gumi 39177
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology
- Gumi 39177
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence
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12
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Hou L, Lv J, Wobben F, Le Corre VM, Tang H, Singh R, Kim M, Wang F, Sun H, Chen W, Xiao Z, Kumar M, Xu T, Zhang W, McCulloch I, Duan T, Xie H, Koster LJA, Lu S, Kan Z. Effects of Fluorination on Fused Ring Electron Acceptor for Active Layer Morphology, Exciton Dissociation, and Charge Recombination in Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56231-56239. [PMID: 33270414 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorination is one of the effective approaches to alter the organic semiconductor properties that impact the performance of the organic solar cells (OSCs). Positive effects of fluorination are also revealed in the application of fused ring electron acceptors (FREAs). However, in comparison with the efforts allocated to the material designs and power conversion efficiency enhancement, understanding on the excitons and charge carriers' behaviors in high-performing OSCs containing FREAs is limited. Herein, the impact of fluorine substituents on the active layer morphology, and therefore exciton dissociation, charge separation, and charge carriers' recombination processes are examined by fabricating OSCs with PTO2 as the donor and two FREAs, O-IDTT-IC and its fluorinated analogue O-IDTT-4FIC, as the acceptors. With the presence of O-IDTT-4FIC in the devices, it is found that the excitons dissociate more efficiently, and the activation energy required to split the excitons to free charge carriers is much lower; the charge carriers live longer and suffer less extent of trap-assisted recombination; the trap density is 1 order of magnitude lower than that of the nonfluorinated counterpart. Overall, these findings provide information about the complex impacts of FREA fluorination on efficiently performed OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Hou
- Thin-film Solar Technology Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Thin-film Solar Technology Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Friso Wobben
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen NL-9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Le Corre
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen NL-9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Hua Tang
- Thin-film Solar Technology Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ranbir Singh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Min Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Jeonju 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Fufang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhengguo Xiao
- Department of Physics, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Manish Kumar
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tongle Xu
- Thin-film Solar Technology Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iain McCulloch
- KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Tainan Duan
- Thin-film Solar Technology Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Huling Xie
- Thin-film Solar Technology Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - L Jan Anton Koster
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen NL-9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Shirong Lu
- Thin-film Solar Technology Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Thin-film Solar Technology Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
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13
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Li D, Zhu L, Liu X, Xiao W, Yang J, Ma R, Ding L, Liu F, Duan C, Fahlman M, Bao Q. Enhanced and Balanced Charge Transport Boosting Ternary Solar Cells Over 17% Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002344. [PMID: 32686255 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ternary architecture is one of the most effective strategies to boost the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, an OSC with a ternary architecture featuring a highly crystalline molecular donor DRTB-T-C4 as a third component to the host binary system consisting of a polymer donor PM6 and a nonfullerene acceptor Y6 is reported. The third component is used to achieve enhanced and balanced charge transport, contributing to an improved fill factor (FF) of 0.813 and yielding an impressive PCE of 17.13%. The heterojunctions are designed using so-called pinning energies to promote exciton separation and reduce recombination loss. In addition, the preferential location of DRTB-T-C4 at the interface between PM6 and Y6 plays an important role in optimizing the morphology of the active layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Department of Electronic Science, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, ITN, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Wei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Department of Electronic Science, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Department of Electronic Science, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Ruru Ma
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Department of Electronic Science, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Chungang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Department of Electronic Science, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Mats Fahlman
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, ITN, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Qinye Bao
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Department of Electronic Science, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
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14
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Xu X, Li Y, Peng Q. Recent advances in morphology optimizations towards highly efficient ternary organic solar cells. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistryand State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistryand State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistryand State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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15
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Jiang H, Li X, Wang H, Ren Z, Zheng N, Wang X, Li Y, Chen W, Yang R. Significantly Enhanced Molecular Stacking in Ternary Bulk Heterojunctions Enabled by an Appropriate Side Group on Donor Polymer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903455. [PMID: 32274321 PMCID: PMC7141074 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ternary strategy is a promising approach to broaden the photoresponse of polymer solar cells (PSCs) by adopting combinatory photoactive blends. However, it could lead to a more complicated situation in manipulating the bulk morphology. Achieving an ideal morphology that enhances the charge transport and light absorption simultaneously is an essential avenue to promote the device performance. Herein, two polymers with different lengths of side groups (P1 is based on phenyl side group and P2 is based on biphenyl side group) are adopted in the dual-acceptor ternary systems to evaluate the relationship between conjugated side group and crystalline behavior in the ternary system. The P1 ternary system delivers a greatly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.06%, which could be attributed to the intense and broad photoresponse and improved charge transport originating from the improved crystallinity. Inversely, the P2 ternary device only exhibits a poor PCE of 8.97%, where the decreased device performance could mainly be ascribed to the disturbed molecular stacking of the components originating from the overlong conjugated side group. The results demonstrate a conjugated side group could greatly determine the device performance by tuning the crystallinity of components in ternary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education)School of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringJianghan UniversityWuhan430056China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐Based MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐Based MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Textiles & ClothingState Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐TextilesCollaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Textiles of Shandong ProvinceQingdao UniversityQingdao266071China
| | - Zhitao Ren
- Zhengzhou Vocational College of Finance and TaxationZhengzhou450000China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Xunchang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐Based MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
| | - Yonghai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐Based MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
| | - Weichao Chen
- College of Textiles & ClothingState Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐TextilesCollaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Textiles of Shandong ProvinceQingdao UniversityQingdao266071China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education)School of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringJianghan UniversityWuhan430056China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐Based MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
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16
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Lu B, Chen Z, Jia B, Wang J, Ma W, Lian J, Zeng P, Qu J, Zhan X. Enhancing Performance of Fused-Ring Electron Acceptor Using Pyrrole Instead of Thiophene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14029-14036. [PMID: 32122116 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Selecting suitable outermost aromatic rings of the central cores is of particular importance for the design of fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs) because the direct electronic communication between the outermost aromatic rings and termini exerts a strong impact on the optoelectronic properties of FREAs. In most cases, the outermost rings of the FREA cores are thiophene. This work reported the first example of using pyrrole as the outermost rings of the core. Fused hexacyclic electron acceptor, P6IC, using pyrrole in place of the often-used thiophene as the outermost rings of the central core was synthesized. Compared with its structural analogue F6IC with thiophene as the outermost rings, P6IC exhibits a remarkably upshifted highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (P6IC: -5.43 eV, F6IC: -5.71 eV), a slightly upshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level (P6IC: -3.94 eV, F6IC: -4.00 eV), 54 nm red-shifted absorption, a narrower band gap (P6IC: 1.30 eV, F6IC: 1.37 eV), and an enhanced mobility (P6IC: 8.8 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1, F6IC: 7.4 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1). Organic photovoltaic cells using PTB7-Th/P6IC as a photoactive layer exhibit an efficiency of 12.2%, far surpassing that based on PTB7-Th/F6IC active layer (5.57%). The semitransparent devices using PTB7-Th/P6IC as the active layer yield efficiency of 10.2% with an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 17.0%, far surpassing that based on PTB7-Th/F6IC (5.26% with an AVT of 18.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Boyu Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiarong Lian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Pengju Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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17
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Li G, Xu C, Luo Z, Ning W, Liu X, Gong S, Zou Y, Zhang F, Yang C. Novel Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Organic PhotovoltaicCells: Different End-Capping Groups Leading to a Big Difference of Power Conversion Efficiencies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:13068-13076. [PMID: 32106672 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Novel cores for high performance nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) remain to be developed. In this work, two new n-type nitrogen-containing organic heterocyclic NFAs, namely, BDTN-BF and BDTN-Th, were designed and synthesized based on a new seven fused-ring core (BDTN) with two different end-capping groups. As a result, BDTN-BF possessed similar absorption spectra in solution and solid state to BDTN-Th, but a slightly higher maximum molar extinction coefficient. Manufacturing the polymer solar cells with PM6 as the donor, the photovoltaic performance of BDTN-BF and BDTN-Th was investigated. The PM6:BDTN-BF-based device achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.54% with a high Jsc of 20.20 mA cm-2, a fill factor (FF) of 61.46%, and a large Voc of 0.93 V, and the energy loss (Eloss) was calculated to be 0.48 eV. Comparatively, the PM6:BDTN-Th-based device achieved the maximum PCE value of only 3.53% because of inadequate Jsc and FF. The higher Jsc and FF for the PM6:BDTN-BF-based device was mainly due to the effective electron transfer from PM6 to BDTN-BF, more balanced μh/μe, higher electron mobility of the neat film, better charge collection and dissociation efficiency, and more favorable morphology. These results demonstrate that the acceptors with nearly identical absorption spectra could result in a significant difference in photovoltaic performance, which stress the importance of end-capping units. Furthermore, few NFA-based devices achieve large Voc and high Jsc simultaneously as one based on PM6:BDTN-BF, indicating that nitrogen hybridization of NFAs may be an efficient strategy to realize high and balanced Voc and Jsc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chunyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhenghui Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Weimin Ning
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shaolong Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Fujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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18
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Xu Z, Pan F, Sun C, Hong S, Chen S, Yang C, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Russell TP, Li Y, Wang D. Understanding the Morphology of High-Performance Solar Cells Based on a Low-Cost Polymer Donor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9537-9544. [PMID: 32013381 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A low-cost and high-performance bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell comprising an emerging polymer donor, poly[(thiophene)-alt-(6,7-difluoro-2-(2-hexyldecyloxy)quinoxaline)] (PTQ10), shows an efficiency of 12.7%. To improve the performance of the solar cells, a better understanding of the structure-property relationships of the PTQ10-based devices is crucial. Here, we fabricate PTQ10/nonfullerene and fullerene BHJ devices, including PTQ10/IDIC, PTQ10/ITIC, and PTQ10/PC71BM, processed with or without thermal annealing and additive and provide detailed descriptions of the relationships between the morphology and performance. PTQ10 is found to be highly miscible with nonfullerene IDIC and ITIC acceptors and poorly miscible with fullerene PC71BM acceptors. Thermal annealing promotes the crystallization of PTQ10 and phase separation of all PTQ10/IDIC, PTQ10/ITIC, and PTQ10/PC71BM devices, leading to an increased power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the PTQ10/IDIC and PTQ10/ITIC devices but a decreased PCE of PTQ10/PC71BM devices with 1,8-di-iodooctane (DIO) additive. Without thermal annealing, DIO greatly improves the morphology of PTQ10/PC71BM, leading to a higher PCE. The results show that the degree of phase separation and ordering in the PTQ10-based devices significantly influences device performance. The morphology-property correlations demonstrated will assist in the rational design of these low-cost polymer donor-based solar cells to achieve even higher performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqing Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Fei Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chenkai Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Song Hong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy & Power Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400044 , China
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798 , South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 689-798 , South Korea
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
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19
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Wu H, Zhao B, Zhao H, Wang L, Wang W, Cong Z, Liu J, Ma W, Gao C. Effects of Monofluorinated Positions at the End-Capping Groups on the Performances of Twisted Non-Fullerene Acceptor-Based Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:789-797. [PMID: 31801347 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, main-chain twisted small molecules are attractive as electron-acceptors in polymer solar cells (PSCs) for their upshifted molecular energy levels, enhanced extinction coefficients, and better charge extraction properties along with longer carrier lifetimes and lower recombination rates relative to their planar analogues, which are conducive to the power conversion efficiency (PCE) promotion of PSCs. To further probe the "structure-performance" correlation of main-chain twisted acceptors, in particular the monofluorine-substituted sites on the performances of the resultant acceptors, two new main-chain twisted small molecules were synthesized, in which a fluorine atom was introduced at different sites on the end-capping group 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (INCN). Although fine structural modification was adopted, quite different performances were obtained for the two acceptors. Compared to the 3-fluorinated analogue (i-IEICO-F3), a mixture of 4-fluorinated and 5-fluorinated isomers (i-IEICO-2F) exhibited a higher dipole moment, enlarged molar extinction coefficient with a bathochromic-shifted absorption region, suppressed charge recombinations with balanced charge mobilities, and slightly enhanced crystallinity. In combination with a fluorobenzotriazole-based medium-band gap polymer (J52), a high efficiency of 12.86% was resultantly achieved in an i-IEICO-2F-based device, which is superior to the result (7.65%) of the i-IEICO-F3 device, revealing the importance of monofluorinated positions on the performances of main-chain twisted non-fullerene acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , No. 168 of East Zhangba Road , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , No. 168 of East Zhangba Road , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , No. 28 of West Xianning Road , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Liuchang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering , Xi'an University , No. 168 of South Taibai Road , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Weiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , No. 168 of East Zhangba Road , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Zhiyuan Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , No. 168 of East Zhangba Road , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Jianqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , No. 168 of East Zhangba Road , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , No. 28 of West Xianning Road , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals , Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , No. 168 of East Zhangba Road , Xi'an 710065 , China
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20
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Over 16.7% efficiency of ternary organic photovoltaics by employing extra PC71BM as morphology regulator. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Tang Y, Sun H, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Su M, Zhou X, Wu X, Sun W, Zhang X, Liu B, Chen W, Liao Q, Woo HY, Guo X. A New Wide Bandgap Donor Polymer for Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with a Large Open-Circuit Voltage. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901773. [PMID: 31728295 PMCID: PMC6839623 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in nonfullerene small molecule acceptors (NF-SMAs) that leads to a consistent increase of power conversion efficiency (PCE) of nonfullerene organic solar cells (NF-OSCs). To achieve better compatibility with high-performance NF-SMAs, the direction of molecular design for donor polymers is toward wide bandgap (WBG), tailored properties, and preferentially ecofriendly processability for device fabrication. Here, a weak acceptor unit, methyl 2,5-dibromo-4-fluorothiophene-3-carboxylate (FE-T), is synthesized and copolymerized with benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT) to afford a series of nonhalogenated solvent processable WBG polymers P1-P3 with a distinct side chain on FE-T. The incorporation of FE-T leads to polymers with a deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of -5.60-5.70 eV, a complementary absorption to NF-SMAs, and a planar molecular conformation. When combined with the narrow bandgap acceptor ITIC-Th, the solar cell based on P1 with the shortest methyl chain on FE-T achieves a PCE of 11.39% with a large V oc of 1.01 V and a J sc of 17.89 mA cm-2. Moreover, a PCE of 12.11% is attained for ternary cells based on WBG P1, narrow bandgap PTB7-Th, and acceptor IEICO-4F. These results demonstrate that the new FE-T is a highly promising acceptor unit to construct WBG polymers for efficient NF-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Huiliang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul136‐713South Korea
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Guangye Zhang
- eFlexPV Limited (China)Room 228, Block 11, Jin Xiu Da Di, No. 121 Hu Di Pai Song Yuan Sha Community, Guanhu Street, Longhua DistrictShenzhenGuangdong518000China
| | - Mengyao Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Weipeng Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Xianhe Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Qiaogan Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul136‐713South Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic ElectronicsSouthern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech)No. 1088, Xueyuan RoadShenzhenGuangdong518055China
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22
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Li W, Liu W, Zhang X, Yan D, Liu F, Zhan C. Quaternary Solar Cells with 12.5% Efficiency Enabled with Non‐Fullerene and Fullerene Acceptor Guests to Improve Open Circuit Voltage and Film Morphology. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900353. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceInner Mongolia Normal University Huhhot 010022 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wenxu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Dong Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Electronic Materials and DevicesShanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chuanlang Zhan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceInner Mongolia Normal University Huhhot 010022 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of PhotochemistryInstitute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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23
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Ahn J, Oh S, Lee H, Lee S, Song CE, Lee HK, Lee SK, So WW, Moon SJ, Lim E, Shin WS, Lee JC. Simple and Versatile Non-Fullerene Acceptor Based on Benzothiadiazole and Rhodanine for Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30098-30107. [PMID: 31357856 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Most non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are designed in a complex planar molecular conformation containing fused aromatic rings in high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs). To obtain the final molecules, however, numerous synthetic steps are necessary. In this work, a novel simple-structured NFA containing alkoxy-substituted benzothiadiazole and a rhodanine end group (BTDT2R) is designed and synthesized. We also investigate the photovoltaic properties of BTDT2R-based OSCs employing representative polymer donors (wide band gap and high-crystalline P3HT, medium band gap and semicrystalline PPDT2FBT, and narrow band gap and low-crystalline PTB7-Th) to compare the performance capabilities of fullerene acceptor-based OSCs, which are well matched with various polymer donors. OSCs based on P3HT:BTDT2R, PPDT2FBT:BTDT2R, and PTB7-Th:BTDT2R achieved efficiency as high as 5.09, 6.90, and 8.19%, respectively. Importantly, photoactive films incorporating different forms of optical and molecular ordering characteristics exhibit favorable morphologies by means of solvent vapor annealing. This work suggests that the new n-type organic semiconductor developed here is highly promising as a universal NFA that can be paired with various polymer donors with different optical and crystalline properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sora Oh
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Chang Eun Song
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang-Jin Moon
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Lim
- Department of Chemistry , Kyonggi University , 154-42 Gwanggyosan-ro , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16227 , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
- KU-KRICT Collaborative Research Center & Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry , Korea University , 2511 Sejong-ro , Sejong 30019 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Lee
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
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24
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Xue C, Zhang T, Ma K, Wan P, Hong L, Xu B, An C. A Carbonylated Terthiophene–Based Twisted Polymer for Efficient Ternary Polymer Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900246. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changguo Xue
- School of Material Science and EngineeringAnhui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Material Science and EngineeringAnhui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 China
| | - Kangqiao Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Pan Wan
- School of Material Science and EngineeringAnhui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 China
| | - Ling Hong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Bowei Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Cunbin An
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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25
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Zhu J, Zheng X, Tan H, Tan H, Yang J, Yu J, Zhu W. Small molecule acceptors with indacenodithiophene–benzodithiophene–indacenodithiophene as donating cores for solution-processed non-fullerene solar cells. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Dey S. Recent Progress in Molecular Design of Fused Ring Electron Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900134. [PMID: 30989808 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The quest for sustainable energy sources has led to accelerated growth in research of organic solar cells (OSCs). A solution-processed bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) OSC generally contains a donor and expensive fullerene acceptors (FAs). The last 20 years have been devoted by the OSC community to developing donor materials, specifically low bandgap polymers, to complement FAs in BHJs. The current improvement from ≈2.5% in 2013 to 17.3% in 2018 in OSC performance is primarily credited to novel nonfullerene acceptors (NFA), especially fused ring electron acceptors (FREAs). FREAs offer unique advantages over FAs, like broad absorption of solar radiation, and they can be extensively chemically manipulated to tune optoelectronic and morphological properties. Herein, the current status in FREA-based OSCs is summarized, such as design strategies for both wide and narrow bandgap FREAs for BHJ, all-small-molecule OSCs, semi-transparent OSC, ternary, and tandem solar cells. The photovoltaics parameters for FREAs are summarized and discussed. The focus is on the various FREA structures and their role in optical and morphological tuning. Besides, the advantages and drawbacks of both FAs and NFAs are discussed. Finally, an outlook in the field of FREA-OSCs for future material design and challenges ahead is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Chemistry & Earth Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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27
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Liu X, Yan Y, Honarfar A, Yao Y, Zheng K, Liang Z. Unveiling Excitonic Dynamics in High-Efficiency Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells to Direct Morphological Optimization for Suppressing Charge Recombination. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802103. [PMID: 31016115 PMCID: PMC6468965 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs)-based organic solar cells (OSCs) have recently drawn considerable research interests; however, their excitonic dynamics seems quite different than that of fullerene acceptors-based devices and remains to be largely explored. A random terpolymer of PBBF11 to pair with a paradigm NFA of 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (ITIC) such that both complementary optical absorption and very small offsets of both highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels are acquired is designed and synthesized. Despite the small energy offsets, efficient electron/hole transfer between PBBF11 and ITIC is both clearly observed from steady-state photoluminescence and transient absorption spectra and also supported by the measured low exciton binding energy in ITIC. Consequently, the PBBF11:ITIC-based OSCs afford an encouraging power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.02%. Although the good miscibility of PBBF11 and ITIC induces a homogenous blend film morphology, it causes severe charge recombination. The fullerene acceptor of PC71BM with varying loading ratios is therefore added to modulate film morphology to effectively reduce the charge recombination. As a result, the optimal OSCs based on PBBF11:ITIC:PC71BM yield a better PCE of 11.4% without any additive or annealing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Yajie Yan
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Alireza Honarfar
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLundLund UniversityP.O. Box 12422100LundSweden
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLundLund UniversityP.O. Box 12422100LundSweden
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of DenmarkDK‐2800Kongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Ziqi Liang
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
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28
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Zhan L, Li S, Zhang S, Chen X, Lau TK, Lu X, Shi M, Li CZ, Chen H. Enhanced Charge Transfer between Fullerene and Non-Fullerene Acceptors Enables Highly Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:42444-42452. [PMID: 30444596 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient driving forces defined as the energetic offsets of the frontier molecular orbitals between a donor and an acceptor influence the charge separation in organic solar cells (OSCs), thus restricting the improvement of quantum efficiencies. Herein, we demonstrate that enhancing charge transfer between fullerene and non-fullerene acceptors via ternary strategy is an effective method to address this problem. By introducing an electron acceptor [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as the third component to the binary blends based on the polymer donor of poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4-fluorothiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophene))- alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'- c:4',5'- c']dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PBDB-TF) and the small-molecule acceptor of 2,2'-((2 Z,2' Z)-(((2,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene)bis(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4 H-cyclopenta[2,1- b:3,4- b']dithiophene-6,2-diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (HF-PCIC) or 2,2'-((2 Z,2' Z)-(((2,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene)bis(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4 H-cyclopenta[2,1- b:3,4- b']dithiophene-6,2-diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-dichloro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1 H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (HC-PCIC) with unfused cores, the quantum efficiencies can be boosted from ∼70% for binary blends to over 80% for ternary blends in the longer wavelength ranges. PC71BM shows lower energy levels and higher electron mobility, benefiting the charge transfer and transport in ternary OSCs and resulting in an enhanced quantum efficiency. As a result, ternary OSCs based on PBDB-TF/HF-PCIC/PC71BM and PBDB-TF/HC-PCIC/PC71BM exhibit high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 11.55 and 12.36%, respectively. In addition, excellent thermal stabilities are realized for both ternary OSCs, which retained ∼80% initial PCEs after thermal treatment at 130 °C for 12 h, indicating that the active layer morphology containing fullerene/non-fullerene acceptors is stabilized. This work demonstrates efficient and thermally stable ternary OSCs with enhanced charge transfer between fullerene and non-fullerene acceptors via the modulation of energy levels, which helps to better understand the working mechanism of ternary OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Shuixing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Xingzhi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Tsz-Ki Lau
- Department of Physics , Chinese University of Hong Kong , New Territories , Hong Kong 999077 , P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics , Chinese University of Hong Kong , New Territories , Hong Kong 999077 , P. R. China
| | - Minmin Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
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