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Wang L, Chen W, Jin H, Tan Y, Guo C, Fu W, Wu Z, Cui K, Wang Y, Qiu Z, Zhang G, Liu W, Zhou Z. CXCL1/IGHG1 signaling enhances crosstalk between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages to promote MC-LR-induced colorectal cancer progression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124081. [PMID: 38697251 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is a common cyantotoxin produced by hazardous cyanobacterial blooms, and eutrophication is increasing the contamination level of MC-LR in drinking water supplies and aquatic foods. MC-LR has been linked to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression associated with tumor microenvironment, however, the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. In present study, by using GEO, KEGG, GESA and ImmPort database, MC-LR related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathway- and gene set-enrichment analysis were performed. Of the three identified DEGs (CXCL1, GUCA2A and GDF15), CXCL1 was shown a positive association with tumor infiltration, and was validated to have a dominantly higher upregulation in MC-LR-treated tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) rather than in MC-LR-treated CRC cells. Both CRC cell/macrophage co-culture and xenograft mouse models indicated that MC-LR stimulated TAMs to secrete CXCL1 resulting in promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion capability of CRC cells. Furtherly, IP-MS assay found that interaction between TAMs-derived CXCL1 and CRC cell-derived IGHG1 may enhance CRC cell proliferation and migration after MC-LR treatment, and this effect can be attenuated by silencing IGHG1 in CRC cell. In addition, molecular docking analysis, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence further proved the interactions between CXCL1 and IGHG1. In conclusion, CXCL1 secreted by TAMs can trigger IGHG1 expression in CRC cells, which provides a new clue in elucidating the mechanism of MC-LR-mediated CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiao Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Weiyan Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Huidong Jin
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chengwei Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenjuan Fu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhiling Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ke Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhiqun Qiu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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2
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Li F, Ouyang J, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Milon Essola J, Ali B, Wu X, Zhu M, Guo W, Liang XJ. Nanomedicine for T-Cell Mediated Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301770. [PMID: 36964936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
T-cell immunotherapy offers outstanding advantages in the treatment of various diseases, and with the selection of appropriate targets, efficient disease treatment can be achieved. T-cell immunotherapy has made great progress, but clinical results show that only a small proportion of patients can benefit from T-cell immunotherapy. The extensive mechanistic work outlines a blueprint for using T cells as a new option for immunotherapy, but also presents new challenges, including the balance between different fractions of T cells, the inherent T-cell suppression patterns in the disease microenvironment, the acquired loss of targets, and the decline of T-cell viability. The diversity, flexibility, and intelligence of nanomedicines give them great potential for enhancing T-cell immunotherapy. Here, how T-cell immunotherapy strategies can be adapted with different nanomaterials to enhance therapeutic efficacy is discussed. For two different pathological states, immunosuppression and immune activation, recent advances in nanomedicines for T-cell immunotherapy in diseases such as cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, and diabetes are summarized. With a focus on T-cell immunotherapy, this review highlights the outstanding advantages of nanomedicines in disease treatment, and helps advance one's understanding of the use of nanotechnology to enhance T-cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Ouyang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Zuqin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ziran Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Julien Milon Essola
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Barkat Ali
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- Food Sciences Research Institute, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xinyue Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Chung YH, Zhao Z, Jung E, Omole AO, Wang H, Sutorus L, Steinmetz NF. Systemic Administration of Cowpea Mosaic Virus Demonstrates Broad Protection Against Metastatic Cancers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308237. [PMID: 38430536 PMCID: PMC11095214 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
The key challenge in cancer treatment is prevention of metastatic disease which is therapeutically resistant and carries poor prognoses necessitating efficacious prophylactic approaches that prevent metastasis and recurrence. It is previously demonstrated that cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) induces durable antitumor responses when used in situ, i.e., intratumoral injection. As a new direction, it is showed that CPMV demonstrates widespread effectiveness as an immunoprophylactic agent - potent efficacy is demonstrated in four metastatic models of colon, ovarian, melanoma, and breast cancer. Systemic administration of CPMV stimulates the innate immune system, enabling attack of cancer cells; processing of the cancer cells and associated antigens leads to systemic, durable, and adaptive antitumor immunity. Overall, CPMV demonstrated broad efficacy as an immunoprophylactic agent in the rejection of metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Chung
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Zhongchao Zhao
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
- Department of NanoEngineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
- Center for Nano‐ImmunoEngineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Eunkyeong Jung
- Department of NanoEngineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Anthony O. Omole
- Department of NanoEngineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Hanyang Wang
- Department of BiologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Lucas Sutorus
- Department of NanoEngineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
- Department of NanoEngineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
- Center for Nano‐ImmunoEngineeringUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and DesignUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
- Center for Engineering in CancerUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
- Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell CollaboratoryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
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4
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Karan S, Jung E, Boone C, Steinmetz NF. Synergistic combination therapy using cowpea mosaic virus intratumoral immunotherapy and Lag-3 checkpoint blockade. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:51. [PMID: 38349406 PMCID: PMC10864561 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) for cancer can yield dramatic clinical responses; however, these may only be observed in a minority of patients. These responses can be further limited by subsequent disease recurrence and resistance. Combination immunotherapy strategies are being developed to overcome these limitations. We have previously reported enhanced efficacy of combined intratumoral cowpea mosaic virus immunotherapy (CPMV IIT) and ICT approaches. Lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a next-generation inhibitory immune checkpoint with broad expression across multiple immune cell subsets. Its expression increases on activated T cells and contributes to T cell exhaustion. We observed heightened efficacy of a combined CPMV IIT and anti-LAG-3 treatment in a mouse model of melanoma. Further, LAG-3 expression was found to be increased within the TME following intratumoral CPMV administration. The integration of CPMV IIT with LAG-3 inhibition holds significant potential to improve treatment outcomes by concurrently inducing a comprehensive anti-tumor immune response, enhancing local immune activation, and mitigating T cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Karan
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eunkyeong Jung
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine Boone
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Engineering in Cancer, Institute of Engineering Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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5
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Azizi M, Shahgolzari M, Fathi-Karkan S, Ghasemi M, Samadian H. Multifunctional plant virus nanoparticles: An emerging strategy for therapy of cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1872. [PMID: 36450366 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapy requires sophisticated treatment strategies to obtain the highest success. Nanotechnology is enabling, revolutionizing, and multidisciplinary concepts to improve conventional cancer treatment modalities. Nanomaterials have a central role in this scenario, explaining why various nanomaterials are currently being developed for cancer therapy. Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) have shown promising performance in cancer therapy due to their unique features. VNPs possess morphological homogeneity, ease of functionalization, biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility, and high absorption efficiency that are beneficial for cancer therapy applications. In the current review paper, we highlight state-of-the-art properties and potentials of plant viruses, strategies for multifunctional plant VNPs formulations, potential applications and challenges in VNPs-based cancer therapy, and finally practical solutions to bring potential cancer therapy one step closer to real applications. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Azizi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sonia Fathi-Karkan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hadi Samadian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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6
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Jung E, Chung YH, Steinmetz NF. TLR Agonists Delivered by Plant Virus and Bacteriophage Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1596-1605. [PMID: 37611278 PMCID: PMC10538388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are promising targets in cancer immunotherapy due to their role in activating the immune system; therefore, various small-molecule TLR agonists have been tested in clinical applications. However, the clinical use of TLR agonists is hindered by their non-specific side effects and poor pharmacokinetics. To overcome these limitations, we used plant virus nanoparticles (VNPs) and bacteriophage virus-like particles (VLPs) as drug delivery systems. We conjugated TLR3 or TLR7 agonists to cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) VNPs, cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) VNPs, and bacteriophage Qβ VLPs. The conjugation of TLR7 agonist, 2-methoxyethoxy-8-oxo-9-(4-carboxybenzyl)adenine (1V209), resulted in the potent activation of immune cells and promoted the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6. We found that 1V209 conjugated to CPMV, CCMV, and Qβ reduced tumor growth in vivo and prolonged the survival of mice compared to those treated with free 1V209 or a simple admixture of 1V209 and viral particles. Nucleic acid-based TLR3 agonist, polyinosinic acid with polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), was also delivered by CPMV VNPs, resulting in enhanced mice survival. All our data suggest that coupling and co-delivery are required to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of TLR agonists and simple mixing of the VLPs with the agonists does not confer a survival benefit. The delivery of 1V209 or poly(I:C) conjugated to VNPs/VLPs probably enhances their efficacy due to the multivalent presentation, prolongation of tumor residence time, and targeting of the innate immune cells mediated by the VNP/VLP carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyeong Jung
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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7
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Barreno L, Sevane N, Valdivia G, Alonso-Miguel D, Suarez-Redondo M, Alonso-Diez A, Fiering S, Beiss V, Steinmetz NF, Perez-Alenza MD, Peña L. Transcriptomics of Canine Inflammatory Mammary Cancer Treated with Empty Cowpea Mosaic Virus Implicates Neutrophils in Anti-Tumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14034. [PMID: 37762335 PMCID: PMC10531449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is a highly aggressive and lethal cancer in dogs serving as a valuable animal model for its human counterpart, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), both lacking effective therapies. Intratumoral immunotherapy (IT-IT) with empty cowpea mosaic virus (eCPMV) nanoparticles has shown promising results, demonstrating a reduction in tumor size, longer survival rates, and improved quality of life. This study compares the transcriptomic profiles of tumor samples from female dogs with IMC receiving eCPMV IT-IT and medical therapy (MT) versus MT alone. Transcriptomic analyses, gene expression profiles, signaling pathways, and cell type profiling of immune cell populations in samples from four eCPMV-treated dogs with IMC and four dogs with IMC treated with MT were evaluated using NanoString Technologies using a canine immune-oncology panel. Comparative analyses revealed 34 differentially expressed genes between treated and untreated samples. Five genes (CXCL8, S100A9, CCL20, IL6, and PTGS2) involved in neutrophil recruitment and activation were upregulated in the treated samples, linked to the IL17-signaling pathway. Cell type profiling showed a significant increase in neutrophil populations in the tumor microenvironment after eCPMV treatment. These findings highlight the role of neutrophils in the anti-tumor response mediated by eCPMV IT-IT and suggest eCPMV as a novel therapeutic approach for IBC/IMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Barreno
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Natalia Sevane
- Department of Animal Production, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Valdivia
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Daniel Alonso-Miguel
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - María Suarez-Redondo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Angela Alonso-Diez
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (V.B.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (V.B.); (N.F.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Engineering in Cancer, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maria Dolores Perez-Alenza
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
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8
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Valdivia G, Alonso-Miguel D, Perez-Alenza MD, Zimmermann ABE, Schaafsma E, Kolling FW, Barreno L, Alonso-Diez A, Beiss V, Affonso de Oliveira JF, Suárez-Redondo M, Fiering S, Steinmetz NF, vom Berg J, Peña L, Arias-Pulido H. Neoadjuvant Intratumoral Immunotherapy with Cowpea Mosaic Virus Induces Local and Systemic Antitumor Efficacy in Canine Mammary Cancer Patients. Cells 2023; 12:2241. [PMID: 37759464 PMCID: PMC10527658 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of optimal models to evaluate novel agents is delaying the development of effective immunotherapies against human breast cancer (BC). In this prospective open label study, we applied neoadjuvant intratumoral immunotherapy with empty cowpea mosaic virus-like particles (eCPMV) to 11 companion dogs diagnosed with canine mammary cancer (CMC), a spontaneous tumor resembling human BC. We found that two neoadjuvant intratumoral eCPMV injections resulted in tumor reduction in injected tumors in all patients and in noninjected tumors located in the ipsilateral and contralateral mammary chains of injected dogs. Tumor reduction was independent of clinical stage, tumor size, histopathologic grade, and tumor molecular subtype. RNA-seq-based analysis of injected tumors indicated a decrease in DNA replication activity and an increase in activated dendritic cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated significant intratumoral increases in neutrophils, T and B lymphocytes, and plasma cells. eCPMV intratumoral immunotherapy demonstrated antitumor efficacy without any adverse effects. This novel immunotherapy has the potential for improving outcomes for human BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Valdivia
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.B.); (A.A.-D.); (M.S.-R.); (L.P.)
| | - Daniel Alonso-Miguel
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.B.); (A.A.-D.); (M.S.-R.); (L.P.)
| | - Maria Dolores Perez-Alenza
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.B.); (A.A.-D.); (M.S.-R.); (L.P.)
| | | | | | - Fred W. Kolling
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA (S.F.)
| | - Lucia Barreno
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.B.); (A.A.-D.); (M.S.-R.); (L.P.)
| | - Angela Alonso-Diez
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.B.); (A.A.-D.); (M.S.-R.); (L.P.)
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (V.B.); (J.F.A.d.O.); (N.F.S.)
| | | | - María Suárez-Redondo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.B.); (A.A.-D.); (M.S.-R.); (L.P.)
| | - Steven Fiering
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA (S.F.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (V.B.); (J.F.A.d.O.); (N.F.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
- Center for Nano Immuno-Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
- Center for Engineering in Cancer, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - Johannes vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (A.B.E.Z.); (J.v.B.)
| | - Laura Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.B.); (A.A.-D.); (M.S.-R.); (L.P.)
| | - Hugo Arias-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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9
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Nikitin N, Vasiliev Y, Kovalenko A, Ryabchevskaya E, Kondakova O, Evtushenko E, Karpova O. Plant Viruses as Adjuvants for Next-Generation Vaccines and Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1372. [PMID: 37631940 PMCID: PMC10458565 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the cornerstone of infectious disease control and prevention. The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has confirmed the urgent need for a new approach to the design of novel vaccines. Plant viruses and their derivatives are being used increasingly for the development of new medical and biotechnological applications, and this is reflected in a number of preclinical and clinical studies. Plant viruses have a unique combination of features (biosafety, low reactogenicity, inexpensiveness and ease of production, etc.), which determine their potential. This review presents the latest data on the use of plant viruses with different types of symmetry as vaccine components and adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy. The discussion concludes that the most promising approaches might be those that use structurally modified plant viruses (spherical particles) obtained from the Tobacco mosaic virus. These particles combine high adsorption properties (as a carrier) with strong immunogenicity, as has been confirmed using various antigens in animal models. According to current research, it is evident that plant viruses have great potential for application in the development of vaccines and in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Nikitin
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | | | - Angelina Kovalenko
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Ryabchevskaya
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Olga Kondakova
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Evtushenko
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Olga Karpova
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
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10
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Shahgolzari M, Venkataraman S, Osano A, Akpa PA, Hefferon K. Plant Virus Nanoparticles Combat Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1278. [PMID: 37631846 PMCID: PMC10459942 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant virus nanoparticles (PVNPs) have garnered considerable interest as a promising nanotechnology approach to combat cancer. Owing to their biocompatibility, stability, and adjustable surface functionality, PVNPs hold tremendous potential for both therapeutic and imaging applications. The versatility of PVNPs is evident from their ability to be tailored to transport a range of therapeutic agents, including chemotherapy drugs, siRNA, and immunomodulators, thereby facilitating targeted delivery to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, PVNPs may be customized with targeting ligands to selectively bind to cancer cell receptors, reducing off-target effects. Additionally, PVNPs possess immunogenic properties and can be engineered to exhibit tumor-associated antigens, thereby stimulating anti-tumor immune responses. In conclusion, the potential of PVNPs as a versatile platform for fighting cancer is immense, and further research is required to fully explore their potential and translate them into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Srividhya Venkataraman
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Anne Osano
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bowie State University, Bowie, MD 20715, USA
| | - Paul Achile Akpa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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11
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Jung E, Chung YH, Mao C, Fiering SN, Steinmetz NF. The Potency of Cowpea Mosaic Virus Particles for Cancer In Situ Vaccination Is Unaffected by the Specific Encapsidated Viral RNA. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:3589-3597. [PMID: 37294891 PMCID: PMC10530639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant virus nanoparticles can be used as drug carriers, imaging reagents, vaccine carriers, and immune adjuvants in the formulation of intratumoral in situ cancer vaccines. One example is the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), a nonenveloped virus with a bipartite positive-strand RNA genome with each RNA packaged separately into identical protein capsids. Based on differences in their densities, the components carrying RNA-1 (6 kb) denoted as the bottom (B) component or carrying RNA-2 (3.5 kb) denoted as the middle (M) component can be separated from each other and from a top (T) component, which is devoid of any RNA. Previous preclinical mouse studies and canine cancer trials used mixed populations of CPMV (containing B, M, and T components), so it is unclear whether the particle types differ in their efficacies. It is known that the CPMV RNA genome contributes to immunostimulation by activation of TLR7. To determine whether the two RNA genomes that have different sizes and unrelated sequences cause different immune stimulation, we compared the therapeutic efficacies of B and M components and unfractionated CPMV in vitro and in mouse cancer models. We found that separated B and M particles behaved similarly to the mixed CPMV, activating innate immune cells to induce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFNα, IFNγ, IL-6, and IL-12, while inhibiting immunosuppressive cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-10. In murine models of melanoma and colon cancer, the mixed and separated CPMV particles all significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival with no significant difference. This shows that the specific RNA genomes similarly stimulate the immune system even though B particles have 40% more RNA than M particles; each CPMV particle type can be used as an effective adjuvant against cancer with the same efficacy as native mixed CPMV. From a translational point of view, the use of either B or M component vs the mixed CPMV formulation offers the advantage that separated B or M alone is noninfectious toward plants and thus provides agronomic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyeong Jung
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Chenkai Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Steven N Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Institute for Materials Design and Discovery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Engineering in Cancer, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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12
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Chen M, Yang P, Xin Z, Chen J, Zou W, Zhou L, Yang L, Peng J, Peng H. Toxoplasma gondii gra5 deletion mutant protects hosts against Toxoplasma gondii infection and breast tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1173379. [PMID: 37426671 PMCID: PMC10327641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1173379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease that poses a threat to human health and a considerable loss to livestock farming. At present, clinical therapeutic drugs mainly target T. gondii tachyzoites and fail to eradicate bradyzoites. Developing a safe and effective vaccine against toxoplasmosis is urgent and important. Breast cancer has become a major public health problem and the therapeutic method needs to be further explored. Many similarities exist between the immune responses caused by T. gondii infection and the immunotherapy for cancers. T. gondii dense granule organelles secrete immunogenic dense granule proteins (GRAs). GRA5 is localized to the parasitophorous vacuole membrane in the tachyzoite stage and the cyst wall in the bradyzoite stage. We found that T. gondii ME49 gra5 knockout strain (ME49Δgra5) was avirulent and failed to form cysts but stimulated antibodies, inflammatory cytokines, and leukocytes infiltration in mice. We next investigated the protective efficacy of ME49Δgra5 vaccination against T. gondii infection and tumor development. All the immunized mice survived the challenge infection of either wild-type RH, ME49, VEG tachyzoites, or ME49 cysts. Moreover, ME49Δgra5 tachyzoite inoculation in situ attenuated the growth of murine breast tumor (4T1) in mice and prevented 4T1's lung metastasis. ME49Δgra5 inoculation upregulated the levels of Th1 cytokines and tumor-infiltrating T cells in the tumor microenvironment and triggered anti-tumor responses by increasing the number of natural killer, B, and T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the spleen. Collectively, these results suggested that ME49Δgra5 was a potent live attenuated vaccine against T. gondii infection and breast cancer.
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13
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Shah S, Famta P, Tiwari V, Kotha AK, Kashikar R, Chougule MB, Chung YH, Steinmetz NF, Uddin M, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Instigation of the epoch of nanovaccines in cancer immunotherapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1870. [PMID: 36410742 PMCID: PMC10182210 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is an unprecedented proliferation of cells leading to abnormalities in differentiation and maturation. Treatment of primary and metastatic cancer is challenging. In addition to surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapies have been conventionally used; however, they suffer from severe toxicity and non-specificity. Immunotherapy, the science of programming the body's own defense system against cancer has gained tremendous attention in the last few decades. However, partial immunogenic stimulation, premature degradation and inability to activate dendritic and helper T cells has resulted in limited clinical success. The era of nanomedicine has brought about several breakthroughs in various pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. Hereby, we review and discuss the interplay of tumor microenvironment (TME) and the immunological cascade and how they can be employed to develop nanoparticle-based cancer vaccines and immunotherapies. Nanoparticles composed of lipids, polymers and inorganic materials contain useful properties suitable for vaccine development. Proteinaceous vaccines derived from mammalian viruses, bacteriophages and plant viruses also have unique advantages due to their immunomodulation capabilities. This review accounts for all such considerations. Additionally, we explore how attributes of nanotechnology can be utilized to develop successful nanomedicine-based vaccines for cancer therapy. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, INDIA
| | - Arun K Kotha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rama Kashikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mahavir Bhupal Chougule
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young Hun Chung
- Departments of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Departments of Bioengineering, NanoEngineering, Radiology, Moores Cancer Center, Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mohammad Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA
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14
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Liu C, Yu Y, Fang L, Wang J, Sun C, Li H, Zhuang J, Sun C. Plant-derived nanoparticles and plant virus nanoparticles: Bioactivity, health management, and delivery potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37128778 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2204375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural plants have acquired an increasing attention in biomedical research. Recent studies have revealed that plant-derived nanoparticles (PDNPs), which are nano-sized membrane vesicles released by plants, are one of the important material bases for the health promotion of natural plants. A great deal of research in this field has focused on nanoparticles derived from fresh vegetables and fruits. Generally, PDNPs contain lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other active small molecules and exhibit unique biological regulatory activity and editability. Specifically, they have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication, and thus, are potentially suitable for therapeutic purposes. In this review, PDNPs were extensively explored; by evaluating them systematically starting from the origin and isolation, toward their characteristics, including morphological compositions, biological functions, and delivery potentials, as well as distinguishing them from plant-derived exosomes and highlighting the limitations of the current research. Meanwhile, we elucidated the variations in PDNPs infected by pathogenic microorganisms and emphasized on the biological functions and characteristics of plant virus nanoparticles. After clarifying these problems, it is beneficial to further research on PDNPs in the future and develop their clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liguang Fang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chunjie Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huayao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
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15
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Kalami A, Shahgolzari M, Khosroushahi AY, Fiering S. Combining in situ vaccination and immunogenic apoptosis to treat cancer. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:367-381. [PMID: 36852419 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunization approaches are designed to stimulate the immune system and eliminate the tumor. Studies indicate that cancer immunization combined with certain chemotherapeutics and immunostimulatory agents can improve outcomes. Chemotherapeutics-based immunogenic cell death makes the tumor more recognizable by the immune system. In situ vaccination (ISV) utilizes established tumors as antigen sources and directly applies an immune adjuvant to the tumor to reverse a cold tumor microenvironment to a hot one. Immunogenic cell death and ISV highlight for the immune system the tumor antigens that are recognizable by immune cells and support a T-cell attack of the tumor cells. This review presents the concept of immunogenic apoptosis and ISV as a powerful platform for cancer immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Kalami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth & Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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16
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Shakir S, Zaidi SSEA, Hashemi FSG, Nyirakanani C, Vanderschuren H. Harnessing plant viruses in the metagenomics era: from the development of infectious clones to applications. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:297-311. [PMID: 36379846 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent metagenomic studies which focused on virus characterization in the entire plant environment have revealed a remarkable viral diversity in plants. The exponential discovery of viruses also requires the concomitant implementation of high-throughput methods to perform their functional characterization. Despite several limitations, the development of viral infectious clones remains a method of choice to understand virus biology, their role in the phytobiome, and plant resilience. Here, we review the latest approaches for efficient characterization of plant viruses and technical advances built on high-throughput sequencing and synthetic biology to streamline assembly of viral infectious clones. We then discuss the applications of plant viral vectors in fundamental and applied plant research as well as their technical and regulatory limitations, and we propose strategies for their safer field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shakir
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Syed Shan-E-Ali Zaidi
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Farahnaz Sadat Golestan Hashemi
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Chantal Nyirakanani
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium; Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Hervé Vanderschuren
- Plant Genetics and Rhizosphere Processes Laboratory, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium; Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Biosystems Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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17
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Shen L, Cao S, Wang Y, Zhou P, Wang S, Zhao Y, Meng L, Zhang Q, Li Y, Xu X, Yuan Q, Li J. Self-Adaptive Antibacterial Scaffold with Programmed Delivery of Osteogenic Peptide and Lysozyme for Infected Bone Defect Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:626-637. [PMID: 36541416 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects caused by disease or trauma are often accompanied by infection, which severely disrupts the normal function of bone tissue at the defect site. Biomaterials that can simultaneously reduce inflammation and promote osteogenesis are effective tools for addressing this problem. In this study, we set up a programmed delivery platform based on a chitosan scaffold to enhance its osteogenic activity and prevent implant-related infections. In brief, the osteogenic peptide sequence (YGFGG) was modified onto the surface of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) to form CCMV-YGFGG nanoparticles. CCMV-YGFGG exhibited good biocompatibility and osteogenic ability in vitro. Then, CCMV-YGFGG and lysozyme were loaded on the chitosan scaffold, which exhibited a good antibacterial effect and promoted bone regeneration for infected bone defect treatment. As a delivery platform, the scaffold showed staged release of lysozyme and CCMV-YGFGG, which facilitates the regeneration of infected bone defects. Our study provides a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of infected bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxuan Shen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shuqin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuemin Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shuaibing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Lingzhuang Meng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Quan Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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18
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Shahgolzari M, Dianat-Moghadam H, Fiering S. Multifunctional plant virus nanoparticles in the next generation of cancer immunotherapies. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1076-1085. [PMID: 34375725 PMCID: PMC8821734 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant virus nanoparticles (PVNPs) have inherent immune stimulatory ability, and have been investigated as immune adjuvants to stimulate an anti-tumor immune response. The combination of immune stimulation, nanoparticle structure and the ability to deliver other therapeutic molecules provides a flexible platform for cancer immunotherapy. Researching multifunctional PVNPs and their modification will generate novel reagents for cancer immunotherapy. Here we review the properties of PVNPs, and their potential for clinical utilization to activate anti-tumor innate and lymphoid immune responses. PVNPs have potential utility for cancer immunotherapy as vaccine adjuvant, and delivery systems for other reagents as mono immunotherapy or combined with other immunotherapies. This review outlines the potential and challenges in developing PVNPs as cancer immunotherapy reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.
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19
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Meng Z, Fang X, Fu B, Qian C, Yang Z, Bai Y, Tao X, Huang H, Ma C, Miao W, Ren H, Wang A, Li X. Tumor immunotherapy boosted by R837 nanocrystals through combining chemotherapy and mild hyperthermia. J Control Release 2022; 350:841-856. [PMID: 36096366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant skin cancer that is prone to metastasis in the early stage and has a poor prognosis. Immunomodulatory therapy for melanoma has been a hot research topic in recent years. However, low immune cell infiltration and loss of tumor immunogenicity may occur in tumors, resulting in low response rates to immunotherapy. Thus, immunomodulatory therapy is usually used in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Development of combined therapeutic strategies with low systemic toxicity, high immune responsiveness and long-term inhibition of metastasis and recurrence of melanoma is the goal of current research. In this study, the insoluble immune adjuvant imiquimod (R837) was prepared as nanocrystals and coated with polydopamine (PDA) to form R837@PDA, which was then loaded into chitosan hydrogel (CGP) to form the drug-loaded gel system, R837@PDA@CGP (RPC), to combine immunomodulation effects, induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) effects and immune-enhancement effects. After treatment with RPC, ICD in melanoma was induced, and the infiltration rate of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in melanoma was also significantly enhanced, which turned the tumor itself into an in situ vaccine and boosted the cancer-immunity cycle at the tumor site. Therefore, melanoma growth, metastasis and recurrence were notably inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Meng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Xue Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bowen Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yunhao Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xinyue Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haixiao Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chenyu Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wenjun Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hao Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xueming Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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Alonso-Miguel D, Fiering S, Arias-Pulido H. Proactive Immunotherapeutic Approaches against Inflammatory Breast Cancer May Improve Patient Outcomes. Cells 2022; 11:2850. [PMID: 36139425 PMCID: PMC9497132 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is highly metastatic at the onset of the disease with no IBC-specific treatments, resulting in dismal patient survival. IBC treatment is a clear unmet clinical need. This commentary highlights findings from a recent seminal approach in which pembrolizumab, a checkpoint inhibitor against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), was provided to a triple-negative IBC patient as a neoadjuvant immune therapy combined with anthracycline-taxane-based chemotherapy. We highlight the findings of the case report and offer a perspective on taking a proactive approach to deploy approved immune checkpoint inhibitors. On the basis of our recently published research study, we propose in situ vaccination with direct injection of immunostimulatory agents into the tumor as an option to improve outcomes safely, effectively, and economically for IBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alonso-Miguel
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock Health, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Hugo Arias-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock Health, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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21
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Multifunctional Plant Virus Nanoparticles for Targeting Breast Cancer Tumors. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091431. [PMID: 36146510 PMCID: PMC9502313 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer treatment using plant-virus-based nanoparticles (PVNPs) has achieved considerable success in preclinical studies. PVNP-based breast cancer therapies include non-targeted and targeted nanoplatforms for delivery of anticancer therapeutic chemo and immune agents and cancer vaccines for activation of local and systemic antitumor immunity. Interestingly, PVNP platforms combined with other tumor immunotherapeutic options and other modalities of oncotherapy can improve tumor efficacy treatment. These applications can be achieved by encapsulation of a wide range of active ingredients and conjugating ligands for targeting immune and tumor cells. This review presents the current breast cancer treatments based on PVNP platforms.
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22
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AL-Johani NS, Al-Zharani M, Aljarba NH, Alhoshani NM, Alkeraishan N, Alkahtani S. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Coenzyme-Q10 and Piperine against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cytotoxicity in HuH-7 Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8495159. [PMID: 35872848 PMCID: PMC9300329 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8495159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) alkylates DNA and RNA produce crosslinks that cause gene expression and protein synthesis inhibition to exert its anticancer effect. However, adverse effects of CP have restricted the CP application in cancer treatment. We investigate coenzyme-Q10 (Q10) and piperine (P) protective role on CP oxidant and inflammatory effect. HuH-7 cells were exposed to varying concentrations and combinations of Q10, P, and CP and evaluated intracellular ROS generation as well as inflammatory responses upon exposure. Our results showed Q10 and/or P suppressed both basal and CP-induced ROS generation without upsetting the balance in activities of SOD, catalase, and GSH levels. Analysis of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression showed that CP treatment alone only induced expression of IL-6β. However, coexposure of the cells to both Q10 and CP caused significant suppression of basal Cox-2 and TNF-α gene expression, while coexposure of the cells to CP and P with Co-Q10 suppressed basal IL-1β gene expression. Q10 also suppressed CP-induced expression of Cox-1. P and CP suppressed basal expression of IL-6β and IL-12β, while P and Q10 suppressed CP-induced IL1-α gene expression. Taken together, both Q10 and P seem to be inhibiting NFκβ pathway to suppress CP-mediated inflammation. In conclusion, Q10 and/or P induced suppression of ROS generation mediated by CP and also suppressed CP-induced inflammation by inhibiting expression of specific inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah S. AL-Johani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Zharani
- Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Science, Biology Department, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada H. Aljarba
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah M. Alhoshani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkeraishan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Beiss V, Mao C, Fiering SN, Steinmetz NF. Cowpea Mosaic Virus Outperforms Other Members of the Secoviridae as In Situ Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1573-1585. [PMID: 35333531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In situ vaccination for cancer immunotherapy uses intratumoral administration of small molecules, proteins, nanoparticles, or viruses that activate pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) to reprogram the tumor microenvironment and prime systemic antitumor immunity. Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a plant virus that─while noninfectious toward mammals─activates mammalian PRRs. Application of CPMV as in situ vaccine (ISV) results in a potent and durable efficacy in tumor mouse models and canine patients; data indicate that CPMV outperforms small molecule PRR agonists and other nonrelated plant viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs). In this work, we set out to compare the potency of CPMV versus other plant viruses from the Secoviridae. We developed protocols to produce and isolate cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) and tobacco ring spot virus (TRSV) from plants. CPSMV, like CPMV, is a comovirus with genome and protein homology, while TRSV lacks homology and is from the genus nepovirus. When applied as ISV in a mouse model of dermal melanoma (using B16F10 cells and C57Bl6J mice), CPMV outperformed CPSMV and TRSV─again highlighting the unique potency of CPMV. Mechanistically, the increased potency is related to increased signaling through toll-like receptors (TLRs)─in particular, CPMV signals through TLR2, 4, and 7. Using knockout (KO) mouse models, we demonstrate here that all three plant viruses signal through the adaptor molecule MyD88─with CPSMV and TRSV predominantly activating TLR2 and 4. CPMV induced significantly more interferon β (IFNβ) compared to TRSV and CPSMV; therefore, IFNβ released upon signaling through TLR7 may be a differentiator for the observed potency of CPMV-ISV. Additionally, CPMV induced a different temporal pattern of intratumoral cytokine generation characterized by significantly increased inflammatory cytokines 4 days after the second of 2 weekly treatments, as if CPMV induced a "memory response". This higher, longer-lasting induction of cytokines may be another key differentiator that explains the unique potency of CPMV-ISV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Beiss
- Departments of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Chenkai Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
| | - Steven N Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Departments of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, United States.,Departments of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Departments of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States.,Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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24
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Alonso-Miguel D, Valdivia G, Guerrera D, Perez-Alenza MD, Pantelyushin S, Alonso-Diez A, Beiss V, Fiering S, Steinmetz NF, Suarez-Redondo M, Vom Berg J, Peña L, Arias-Pulido H. Neoadjuvant in situ vaccination with cowpea mosaic virus as a novel therapy against canine inflammatory mammary cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004044. [PMID: 35277459 PMCID: PMC8919457 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundInflammatory mammary cancer (IMC), the counterpart of human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), is the deadliest form of canine mammary tumors. IMC patients lack specific therapy and have poor outcomes. This proof-of-principle preclinical study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and effect on survival of neoadjuvant intratumoral (in situ) empty cowpea mosaic virus (eCPMV) immunotherapy in companion dogs diagnosed with IMC.MethodsTen IMC-bearing dogs were enrolled in the study. Five dogs received medical therapy, and five received weekly neoadjuvant in situ eCPMV immunotherapy (0.2–0.4 mg per injection) and medical therapy after the second eCPMV injection. Efficacy was evaluated by reduction of tumor growth; safety by hematological and biochemistry changes in blood and plasma; and patient outcome by survival analysis. eCPMV-induced immune changes in blood cells were analyzed by flow cytometry; changes in the tumor microenvironment were evaluated by CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD20 (B lymphocytes), FoxP3 (Treg lymphocytes), myeloperoxidase (MPO; neutrophils), Ki-67 (proliferation index, PI; tumor cell proliferation), and Cleaved Caspase-3 (CC-3; apoptosis) immunohistochemistry.ResultsTwo neoadjuvant in situ eCPMV injections resulted in tumor shrinkage in all patients by day 14 without systemic adverse events. Although surgery for IMC is generally not an option, reduction in tumor size allowed surgery in two IMC patients. In peripheral blood, in situ eCPMV immunotherapy was associated with a significant decrease of Treg+/CD8+ ratio and changes in CD8+Granzyme B+ T cells, which behave as a lagging predictive biomarker. In the TME, higher neutrophilic infiltration and MPO expression, lower tumor Ki-67 PI, increase in CD3+ lymphocytes, decrease in FoxP3+/CD3+ ratio (p<0.04 for all comparisons), and no changes in CC-3+ immunostainings were observed in post-treatment tumor tissues when compared with pretreatment tumor samples. eCPMV-treated IMC patients had a statistically significant (p=0.033) improved overall survival than patients treated with medical therapy.ConclusionsNeoadjuvant in situ eCPMV immunotherapy demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy and improved survival in IMC patients without systemic adverse effects. eCPMV-induced changes in immune cells point to neutrophils as a driver of immune response. Neoadjuvant in situ eCPMV immunotherapy could be a groundbreaking immunotherapy for canine IMC and a potential future immunotherapy for human IBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alonso-Miguel
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Valdivia
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Guerrera
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Maria Dolores Perez-Alenza
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angela Alonso-Diez
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of NannoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock Health, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of NannoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Maria Suarez-Redondo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes Vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Laura Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Arias-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock Health, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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25
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Zhang J, Pan S, Jian C, Hao L, Dong J, Sun Q, Jin H, Han X. Immunostimulatory Properties of Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: From Immunogenic Modulation Mechanisms to Clinical Practice. Front Immunol 2022; 12:819405. [PMID: 35069604 PMCID: PMC8766762 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.819405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among females. Chemotherapy drugs remain the cornerstone of treatment of BC and undergo significant shifts over the past 100 years. The advent of immunotherapy presents promising opportunities and constitutes a significant complementary to existing therapeutic strategies for BC. Chemotherapy as a cytotoxic treatment that targets proliferation malignant cells has recently been shown as an effective immune-stimulus in multiple ways. Chemotherapeutic drugs can cause the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying tumor cells, which result in long-lasting antitumor immunity by the key process of immunogenic cell death (ICD). Furthermore, Off-target effects of chemotherapy on immune cell subsets mainly involve activation of immune effector cells including natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and cytotoxic T cells, and depletion of immunosuppressive cells including Treg cells, M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Current mini-review summarized recent large clinical trials regarding the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in BC and addressed the molecular mechanisms of immunostimulatory properties of chemotherapy in BC. The purpose of our work was to explore the immune-stimulating effects of chemotherapy at the molecular level based on the evidence from clinical trials, which might be a rationale for combinations of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shuaikang Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Jian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinghua Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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26
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Shahgolzari M, Fiering S. Emerging Potential of Plant Virus Nanoparticles (PVNPs) in Anticancer Immunotherapies. JOURNAL OF CANCER IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 4:22-29. [PMID: 35600219 PMCID: PMC9121906 DOI: 10.33696/cancerimmunol.4.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies using plant virus nanoparticles (PVNPs) have achieved considerable success in preclinical studies. PVNP based nanoplatforms can be endogenous immune adjuvants and act as nanocarriers that stabilize and deliver cancer antigens and exogenous immune adjuvants. Although they do not infect mammalian cells, PVNPs are viruses and they are variably recognized by pathogen pattern recognition receptors (PRR), activate innate immune cells including antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and increase the expression of costimulatory molecules. Novel immunotherapy strategies use them as in situ vaccines (ISV) that can effectively inhibit tumor growth after intratumoral administration and generate expanded systemic antitumor immunity. PVNPs combined with other tumor immunotherapeutic options and other modalities of oncotherapy can improve both local and systemic anti-tumor immune responses. While not yet in clinical trials in humans, there is accelerating interest and research of the potential of PVNPs for ISV immune therapy for cancer. Thus, antitumor efficacy of PVNPs by themselves, or loaded with soluble toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and/or cancer antigens, will likely enter human trials over the next few years and potentially contribute to next-generation antitumor immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine and Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
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27
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Venkataraman S, Apka P, Shoeb E, Badar U, Hefferon K. Plant Virus Nanoparticles for Anti-cancer Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:642794. [PMID: 34976959 PMCID: PMC8714775 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.642794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant virus nanoparticles (VNPs) are inexpensive to produce, safe, biodegradable and efficacious as treatments. The applications of r plant virus nanoparticles range from epitope carriers for vaccines to agents in cancer immunotherapy. Both VNPs and virus-like particles (VLPs) are highly immunogenic and are readily phagocytosed by antigen presenting cells (APCs), which in turn elicit antigen processing and display of pathogenic epitopes on their surfaces. Since the VLPs are composed of multiple copies of their respective capsid proteins, they present repetitive multivalent scaffolds which aid in antigen presentation. Therefore, the VLPs prove to be highly suitable platforms for delivery and presentation of antigenic epitopes, resulting in induction of more robust immune response compared to those of their soluble counterparts. Since the tumor microenvironment poses the challenge of self-antigen tolerance, VLPs are preferrable platforms for delivery and display of self-antigens as well as otherwise weakly immunogenic antigens. These properties, in addition to their diminutive size, enable the VLPs to deliver vaccines to the draining lymph nodes in addition to promoting APC interactions. Furthermore, many plant viral VLPs possess inherent adjuvant properties dispensing with the requirement of additional adjuvants to stimulate immune activity. Some of the highly immunogenic VLPs elicit innate immune activity, which in turn instigate adaptive immunity in tumor micro-environments. Plant viral VLPs are nontoxic, inherently stable, and capable of being mass-produced as well as being modified with antigens and drugs, therefore providing an attractive option for eliciting anti-tumor immunity. The following review explores the use of plant viruses as epitope carrying nanoparticles and as a novel tools in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Apka
- Theranostics and Drug Discovery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Erum Shoeb
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Badar
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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28
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Xu LQ, Yao LJ, Jiang D, Zhou LJ, Chen M, Liao WZ, Zou WH, Peng HJ. A uracil auxotroph Toxoplasma gondii exerting immunomodulation to inhibit breast cancer growth and metastasis. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:601. [PMID: 34895326 PMCID: PMC8665513 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death among women, and prognosis is especially poor for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); therefore, there is an urgent need for new effective therapies. Recent studies have demonstrated that the uracil auxotroph Toxoplasma gondii vaccine displays anti-tumor effects. Here, we examined the immunotherapy effects of an attenuated uracil auxotroph strain of T. gondii against 4T1 murine breast cancer. METHODS We constructed a uracil auxotroph T. gondii RH strain via orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase gene deletion (RH-Δompdc) with CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The strain's virulence in the T. gondii-infected mice was determined in vitro and in vivo by parasite replication assay, plaque assay, parasite burden detection in mice peritoneal fluids and survival analysis. The immunomodulation ability of the strain was evaluated by cytokine detection. Its anti-tumor effect was evaluated after its in situ inoculation into 4T1 tumors in a mouse model; the tumor volume was measured, and the 4T1 lung metastasis was detected by hematoxylin and eosin and Ki67 antibody staining, and the cytokine levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The RH-Δompdc strain proliferated normally when supplemented with uracil, but it was unable to propagate without the addition of uracil and in vivo, which suggested that it was avirulent to the hosts. This mutant showed vaccine characteristics that could induce intense immune responses both in vitro and in vivo by significantly boosting the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Inoculation of RH-Δompdc in situ into the 4T1 tumor inhibited tumor growth, reduced lung metastasis, promoted the survival of the tumor-bearing mice and increased the secretion of Th1 cytokines, including interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ (INF-δ), in both the serum and tumor microenvironment (TME). CONCLUSION Inoculation of the uracil auxotroph RH-Δompdc directly into the 4T1 tumor stimulated anti-infection and anti-tumor immunity in mice, and resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis, promotion of the survival of the tumor-bearing mice and increased secretion of IL-12 and IFN-γ in both the serum and TME. Our findings suggest that the immunomodulation caused by RH-Δompdc could be a potential anti-tumor strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qing Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jie Yao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Zhong Liao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hao Zou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Juan Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Chung YH, Church D, Koellhoffer EC, Osota E, Shukla S, Rybicki EP, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. Integrating plant molecular farming and materials research for next-generation vaccines. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2021; 7:372-388. [PMID: 34900343 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00399-395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biologics - medications derived from a biological source - are increasingly used as pharmaceuticals, for example, as vaccines. Biologics are usually produced in bacterial, mammalian or insect cells. Alternatively, plant molecular farming, that is, the manufacture of biologics in plant cells, transgenic plants and algae, offers a cheaper and easily adaptable strategy for the production of biologics, in particular, in low-resource settings. In this Review, we discuss current vaccination challenges, such as cold chain requirements, and highlight how plant molecular farming in combination with advanced materials can be applied to address these challenges. The production of plant viruses and virus-based nanotechnologies in plants enables low-cost and regional fabrication of thermostable vaccines. We also highlight key new vaccine delivery technologies, including microneedle patches and material platforms for intranasal and oral delivery. Finally, we provide an outlook of future possibilities for plant molecular farming of next-generation vaccines and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Derek Church
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward C Koellhoffer
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Elizabeth Osota
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Biomedical Science Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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30
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Chung YH, Church D, Koellhoffer EC, Osota E, Shukla S, Rybicki EP, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. Integrating plant molecular farming and materials research for next-generation vaccines. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2021; 7:372-388. [PMID: 34900343 PMCID: PMC8647509 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biologics - medications derived from a biological source - are increasingly used as pharmaceuticals, for example, as vaccines. Biologics are usually produced in bacterial, mammalian or insect cells. Alternatively, plant molecular farming, that is, the manufacture of biologics in plant cells, transgenic plants and algae, offers a cheaper and easily adaptable strategy for the production of biologics, in particular, in low-resource settings. In this Review, we discuss current vaccination challenges, such as cold chain requirements, and highlight how plant molecular farming in combination with advanced materials can be applied to address these challenges. The production of plant viruses and virus-based nanotechnologies in plants enables low-cost and regional fabrication of thermostable vaccines. We also highlight key new vaccine delivery technologies, including microneedle patches and material platforms for intranasal and oral delivery. Finally, we provide an outlook of future possibilities for plant molecular farming of next-generation vaccines and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Derek Church
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward C. Koellhoffer
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Elizabeth Osota
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Biomedical Science Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward P. Rybicki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
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31
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Chen QW, Qiao JY, Liu XH, Zhang C, Zhang XZ. Customized materials-assisted microorganisms in tumor therapeutics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12576-12615. [PMID: 34605834 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01571g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms have been extensively applied as active biotherapeutic agents or drug delivery vehicles for antitumor treatment because of their unparalleled bio-functionalities. Taking advantage of the living attributes of microorganisms, a new avenue has been opened in anticancer research. The integration of customized functional materials with living microorganisms has demonstrated unprecedented potential in solving existing questions and even conferring microorganisms with updated antitumor abilities and has also provided an innovative train of thought for enhancing the efficacy of microorganism-based tumor therapy. In this review, we have summarized the emerging development of customized materials-assisted microorganisms (MAMO) (including bacteria, viruses, fungi, microalgae, as well as their components) in tumor therapeutics with an emphasis on the rational utilization of chosen microorganisms and tailored materials, the ingenious design of biohybrid systems, and the efficacious antitumor mechanisms. The future perspectives and challenges in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Ji-Yan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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Chung YH, Park J, Cai H, Steinmetz NF. S100A9-Targeted Cowpea Mosaic Virus as a Prophylactic and Therapeutic Immunotherapy against Metastatic Breast Cancer and Melanoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101796. [PMID: 34519180 PMCID: PMC8564454 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Prognosis and treatment of metastatic cancer continues to be one of the most difficult and challenging areas of oncology. Treatment usually consists of chemotherapeutics, which may be ineffective due to drug resistance, adverse effects, and dose-limiting toxicity. Therefore, novel approaches such as immunotherapy have been investigated to improve patient outcomes and minimize side effects. S100A9 is a calcium-binding protein implicated in tumor metastasis, progression, and aggressiveness that modulates the tumor microenvironment into an immunosuppressive state. S100A9 is expressed in and secreted by immune cells in the pre-metastatic niche, as well as, post-tumor development, therefore making it a suitable targeted for prophylaxis and therapy. In previous work, it is demonstrated that cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) acts as an adjuvant when administered intratumorally. Here, it is demonstrated that systemically administered, S100A9-targeted CPMV homes to the lungs leading to recruitment of innate immune cells. This approach is efficacious both prophylactically and therapeutically against lung metastasis from melanoma and breast cancer. The current research will facilitate and accelerate the development of next-generation targeted immunotherapies administered as prophylaxis, that is, after surgery of a primary breast tumor to prevent outgrowth of metastasis, as well as, therapy to treat established metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Chung
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Jooneon Park
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCAUSA
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCAUSA
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCAUSA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and DesignUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCAUSA
- Center for Nano‐ImmunoEngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCAUSA
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCAUSA
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Gautam A, Beiss V, Wang C, Wang L, Steinmetz NF. Plant Viral Nanoparticle Conjugated with Anti-PD-1 Peptide for Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189733. [PMID: 34575893 PMCID: PMC8467759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy holds tremendous potential in cancer therapy, in particular, when treatment regimens are combined to achieve synergy between pathways along the cancer immunity cycle. In previous works, we demonstrated that in situ vaccination with the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) activates and recruits innate immune cells, therefore reprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment toward an immune-activated state, leading to potent anti-tumor immunity in tumor mouse models and canine patients. CPMV therapy also increases the expression of checkpoint regulators on effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as PD-1/PD-L1, and we demonstrated that combination with immune checkpoint therapy improves therapeutic outcomes further. In the present work, we tested the hypothesis that CPMV could be combined with anti-PD-1 peptides to replace expensive antibody therapies. Specifically, we set out to test whether a multivalent display of anti-PD-1 peptides (SNTSESF) would enhance efficacy over a combination of CPMV and soluble peptide. Efficacy of the approaches were tested using a syngeneic mouse model of intraperitoneal ovarian cancer. CPMV combination with anti-PD-1 peptides (SNTSESF) resulted in increased efficacy; however, increased potency against metastatic ovarian cancer was only observed when SNTSESF was conjugated to CPMV, and not added as a free peptide. This can be explained by the differences in the in vivo fates of the nanoparticle formulation vs. the free peptide; the larger nanoparticles are expected to exhibit prolonged tumor residence and favorable intratumoral distribution. Our study provides new design principles for plant virus-based in situ vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushma Gautam
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (A.G.); (V.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (A.G.); (V.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (A.G.); (V.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (A.G.); (V.B.); (C.W.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence:
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Venkataraman S, Hefferon K. Application of Plant Viruses in Biotechnology, Medicine, and Human Health. Viruses 2021; 13:1697. [PMID: 34578279 PMCID: PMC8473230 DOI: 10.3390/v13091697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based nanotechnology programs using virus-like particles (VLPs) and virus nanoparticles (VNPs) are emerging platforms that are increasingly used for a variety of applications in biotechnology and medicine. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and potato virus X (PVX), by virtue of having high aspect ratios, make ideal platforms for drug delivery. TMV and PVX both possess rod-shaped structures and single-stranded RNA genomes encapsidated by their respective capsid proteins and have shown great promise as drug delivery systems. Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) has an icosahedral structure, and thus brings unique benefits as a nanoparticle. The uses of these three plant viruses as either nanostructures or expression vectors for high value pharmaceutical proteins such as vaccines and antibodies are discussed extensively in the following review. In addition, the potential uses of geminiviruses in medical biotechnology are explored. The uses of these expression vectors in plant biotechnology applications are also discussed. Finally, in this review, we project future prospects for plant viruses in the fields of medicine, human health, prophylaxis, and therapy of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen Hefferon
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada;
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35
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Chen M, Miao Y, Qian K, Zhou X, Guo L, Qiu Y, Wang R, Gan Y, Zhang X. Detachable Liposomes Combined Immunochemotherapy for Enhanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment through Reprogramming of Tumor-Associated Macrophages. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6031-6041. [PMID: 34240603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with a high recurrence rate and poor outcomes in clinic. In this study, inspired by the enriched innate immune cell type tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in TNBC, we proposed a matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2) responsive integrated immunochemotherapeutic strategy to deliver paclitaxel (PTX) and anti-CD47 (aCD47) by detachable immune liposomes (ILips). In the TNBC microenvironment, the "two-in-one" ILips facilitated MMP2-responsive release of aCD47 to efficiently polarize M2 macrophages toward the M1 phenotype to enhance phagocytosis against tumor cells and activate the systemic T cell immune response. Together with the immune effect, the detached PTX-loaded liposomes were internalized in MDA-MB-231 cells to synergistically inhibit tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. In the TNBC-bearing mouse model, PTX-loaded ILips demonstrated superior antitumor efficacy against TNBC and inhibited tumor recurrence. Our integrated strategy represents a promising approach to synchronously enhance immune response and tumor-killing effects, improving the therapeutic efficacy against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yunqiu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linmiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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36
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Mao C, Beiss V, Fields J, Steinmetz NF, Fiering S. Cowpea mosaic virus stimulates antitumor immunity through recognition by multiple MYD88-dependent toll-like receptors. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120914. [PMID: 34126409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), a non-enveloped plant virus, and empty CPMV (eCPMV), a virus-like particle (VLP) composed of CPMV capsid without nucleic acids, are potent in situ cancer vaccines when administered intratumorally (I.T.). However, it is unclear how immune cells recognize these nanoparticles and why they are immunogenic, which was investigated in this study. CPMV generated stronger selective induction of cytokines and chemokines in naïve mouse splenocytes and exhibited more potent anti-tumor efficacy than eCPMV. MyD88 is required for both CPMV- and eCPMV-elicited immune responses. Screening with human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cell toll-like receptor (TLR) reporter assays along with experiments in corresponding TLR-/- mice indicated CPMV and eCPMV capsids are recognized by MyD88-dependent TLR2 and TLR4. CPMV, but not eCPMV, is additionally recognized by TLR7. Secretion of type I interferons (IFNs), which requires the interaction between TLR7 and encapsulated single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs), is critical to CPMV's better efficacy. The same recognition mechanisms are also functional in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Overall, these findings link CPMV immunotherapy efficacy with molecular recognition, provide rationale for how to develop more potent viral particles, accentuate the value of multi-TLR agonists as in situ cancer vaccines, and highlight the functional importance of type I IFNs for in situ vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenkai Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, United States
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Jennifer Fields
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, United States; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical System, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States; Institute for Materials Design and Discovery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, United States; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical System, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States.
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37
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Liao M, Zhang J, Wang G, Wang L, Liu J, Ouyang L, Liu B. Small-Molecule Drug Discovery in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Current Situation and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2382-2418. [PMID: 33650861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, but an effective targeted therapy has not been well-established so far. Considering the lack of effective targets, where do we go next in the current TNBC drug development? A promising intervention for TNBC might lie in de novo small-molecule drugs that precisely target different molecular characteristics of TNBC. However, an ideal single-target drug discovery still faces a huge challenge. Alternatively, other new emerging strategies, such as dual-target drug, drug repurposing, and combination strategies, may provide new insight into the improvement of TNBC therapeutics. In this review, we focus on summarizing the current situation of a series of candidate small-molecule drugs in TNBC therapy, including single-target drugs, dual-target drugs, as well as drug repurposing and combination strategies that will together shed new light on the future directions targeting TNBC vulnerabilities with small-molecule drugs for future therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minru Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Leiming Wang
- The Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Wu H, Chu Y, Sun S, Li G, Xu S, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Gao S, Wang Q, Zhang J, Pang D. Hypoxia-Mediated Complement 1q Binding Protein Regulates Metastasis and Chemoresistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Modulates the PKC-NF-κB-VCAM-1 Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:607142. [PMID: 33708767 PMCID: PMC7940382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.607142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Complement 1q binding protein (C1QBP/HABP1/p32/gC1qR) has been found to be overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the underlying mechanisms of high C1QBP expression and its role in TNBC remain largely unclear. Hypoxia is a tumor-associated microenvironment that promotes metastasis and paclitaxel (PTX) chemoresistance in tumor cells. In this study, we aimed to assess C1QBP expression and explore its role in hypoxia-related metastasis and chemoresistance in TNBC. Materials and Methods RNA-sequencing of TNBC cells under hypoxia was performed to identify C1QBP. The effect of hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) on C1QBP expression was investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. The role of C1QBP in mediating metastasis, chemoresistance to PTX, and regulation of metastasis-linked vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression were studied using in vitro and in vivo experiments. Clinical tissue microarrays were used to verify the correlation of C1QBP with the expression of HIF-1α, VCAM-1, and RELA proto-oncogene nuclear factor-kappa B subunit (P65). Results We found that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α upregulated C1QBP. The inhibition of C1QBP notably blocked metastasis of TNBC cells and increased their sensitivity to PTX under hypoxic conditions. Depletion of C1QBP decreased VCAM-1 expression by reducing the amount of P65 in the nucleus and suppressed the activation of hypoxia-induced protein kinase C-nuclear factor-kappa B (PKC-NF-κB) signaling.immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of the tissue microarray showed positive correlations between the C1QBP level and those of HIF-1α, P65, and VCAM-1. Conclusion Targeting C1QBP along with PTX treatment might be a potential treatment for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yijun Chu
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guozheng Li
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xianyu Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yongdong Jiang
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Song Gao
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Da Pang
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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Stump CT, Ho G, Mao C, Veliz FA, Beiss V, Fields J, Steinmetz NF, Fiering S. Remission-Stage Ovarian Cancer Cell Vaccine with Cowpea Mosaic Virus Adjuvant Prevents Tumor Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:627. [PMID: 33562450 PMCID: PMC7915664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy. Though most patients enter remission following initial interventions, relapse is common and often fatal. Accordingly, there is a substantial need for ovarian cancer therapies that prevent relapse. Following remission generated by surgical debulking and chemotherapy, but prior to relapse, resected and inactivated tumor tissue could be used as a personalized vaccine antigen source. The patient's own tumor contains relevant antigens and, when combined with the appropriate adjuvant, could generate systemic antitumor immunity to prevent relapse. Here, we model this process in mice to investigate the optimal tumor preparation and vaccine adjuvant. Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) has shown remarkable efficacy as an immunostimulatory cancer therapy in ovarian cancer mouse models, so we use CPMV as an adjuvant in a prophylactic vaccine against a murine ovarian cancer model. Compared to its codelivery with tumor antigens prepared in three other ways, we show that CPMV co-delivered with irradiated ovarian cancer cells constitutes an effective prophylactic vaccine against a syngeneic model of ovarian cancer in C57BL/6J mice. Following two vaccinations, 72% of vaccinated mice reject tumor challenges, and all those mice survived subsequent rechallenges, demonstrating immunologic memory formation. This study supports remission-stage vaccines using irradiated patient tumor tissue as a promising option for treating ovarian cancer, and validates CPMV as an antitumor vaccine adjuvant for that purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney T. Stump
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - Gregory Ho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; (G.H.); (C.M.)
| | - Chenkai Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; (G.H.); (C.M.)
| | - Frank A. Veliz
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (V.B.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Jennifer Fields
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA;
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (V.B.); (N.F.S.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; (G.H.); (C.M.)
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA;
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40
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Shahgolzari M, Pazhouhandeh M, Milani M, Fiering S, Khosroushahi AY. Alfalfa mosaic virus nanoparticles-based in situ vaccination induces antitumor immune responses in breast cancer model. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:97-107. [PMID: 33442986 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preclinical and clinical studies show that local and systemic antitumor efficacy is achievable by in situ vaccination (ISV) using plant virus nanoparticles in which immunostimulatory reagents are directly administered into the tumor rather than systemically. Aim: To investigate a minimally studied plant virus nanoparticle, alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), for ISV treatment of 4T1, the very aggressive and metastatic murine triple-negative breast cancer model. Materials & methods: AMV nanoparticles were propagated and characterized. Their treatment impact on in vivo tumors were analyzed using determination of inherent immunogenicity, cytokine analysis, western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry methodologies. Results: AMV used as an ISV significantly slowed down tumor progression and prolonged survival through immune mechanisms (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Mechanistic studies show that ISV with AMV increases costimulatory molecules, inflammatory cytokines and immune effector cell infiltration and downregulates immune-suppressive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maghsoud Pazhouhandeh
- Biotechnology Dept. Agriculture Fac. Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Milani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth & Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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41
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Shukla S, Hu H, Cai H, Chan SK, Boone CE, Beiss V, Chariou PL, Steinmetz NF. Plant Viruses and Bacteriophage-Based Reagents for Diagnosis and Therapy. Annu Rev Virol 2020; 7:559-587. [PMID: 32991265 PMCID: PMC8018517 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-010720-052252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral nanotechnology exploits the prefabricated nanostructures of viruses, which are already abundant in nature. With well-defined molecular architectures, viral nanocarriers offer unprecedented opportunities for precise structural and functional manipulation using genetic engineering and/or bio-orthogonal chemistries. In this manner, they can be loaded with diverse molecular payloads for targeted delivery. Mammalian viruses are already established in the clinic for gene therapy and immunotherapy, and inactivated viruses or virus-like particles have long been used as vaccines. More recently, plant viruses and bacteriophages have been developed as nanocarriers for diagnostic imaging, vaccine and drug delivery, and combined diagnosis/therapy (theranostics). The first wave of these novel virus-based tools has completed clinical development and is poised to make an impact on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - He Hu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Soo-Khim Chan
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Christine E Boone
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Paul L Chariou
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center and Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;
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42
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Gordon B, Gadi VK. The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Developing Successful Therapeutic and Secondary Prophylactic Breast Cancer Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030529. [PMID: 32937885 PMCID: PMC7565925 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer affects roughly one in eight women over their lifetime and is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women. While outcomes have improved in recent years, prognosis remains poor for patients who present with either disseminated disease or aggressive molecular subtypes. Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of several cancers, with therapeutic vaccines aiming to direct the cytotoxic immune program against tumor cells showing particular promise. However, these results have yet to translate to breast cancer, which remains largely refractory from such approaches. Recent evidence suggests that the breast tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important and long understudied barrier to the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines. Through an improved understanding of the complex and biologically diverse breast TME, it may be possible to advance new combination strategies to render breast carcinomas sensitive to the effects of therapeutic vaccines. Here, we discuss past and present efforts to advance therapeutic vaccines in the treatment of breast cancer, the molecular mechanisms through which the TME contributes to the failure of such approaches, as well as the potential means through which these can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gordon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Vijayakrishna K. Gadi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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Shang Q, Zhou S, Jiang Y, Wang D, Wang J, Song A, Luan Y. Rational Design of a Robust Antibody-like Small-Molecule Inhibitor Nanoplatform for Enhanced Photoimmunotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40085-40093. [PMID: 32791825 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade of the programmed cell death-ligand 1/programmed cell death-1 (PD-L1/PD-1) pathway via an antibody is a potent strategy for T cell remodeling. Nevertheless, the potency of the antibody is partly compromised by its high price, instability, risk of autoimmune disease, and so forth. Small-molecule inhibitors are interesting alternatives to antibodies. However, tumor-specific delivery of small-molecule inhibitors to the target site for boosting the interruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway is rarely reported. Herein, we designed a tumor-specific delivery nanoplatform that could efficiently deliver the small-molecule inhibitor to the precise target site, greatly enhancing the blocking effect of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was conjugated with chlorin e6 (Ce6), resulting in a HA-Ce6 conjugate (HC). The nanoplatform was constructed by the HC micelles with the encapsulation of small-molecule inhibitor, BMS 202 (BMS), to form BMS/HC micelles. The target property of HA, combined with the hyaluronidase-induced degradation of HA in the tumor site, enables the as-prepared micelles with tumor-specific delivery of BMS for blocking the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway. With cooperative treatment with the photosensitizer Ce6, the present therapeutic nanoplatform demonstrated excellent photoimmunotherapy for tumor regression in distant tumors and lung metastasis. This strategy of tumor-specific delivery of small-molecule inhibitors provides an effective pathway to strengthen the blocking efficacy of PD-L1/PD-1 on effective photoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shiyao Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and the Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Jiqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and the Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Aixin Song
- Key Laboratory of Colloid & Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yuxia Luan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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44
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Gstalder C, Liu D, Miao D, Lutterbach B, DeVine AL, Lin C, Shettigar M, Pancholi P, Buchbinder EI, Carter SL, Manos MP, Rojas-Rudilla V, Brennick R, Gjini E, Chen PH, Lako A, Rodig S, Yoon CH, Freeman GJ, Barbie DA, Hodi FS, Miles W, Van Allen EM, Haq R. Inactivation of Fbxw7 Impairs dsRNA Sensing and Confers Resistance to PD-1 Blockade. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1296-1311. [PMID: 32371478 PMCID: PMC8802534 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms leading to resistance to PD-1 blockade are largely unknown. Here, we characterize tumor biopsies from a patient with melanoma who displayed heterogeneous responses to anti-PD-1 therapy. We observe that a resistant tumor exhibited a loss-of-function mutation in the tumor suppressor gene FBXW7, whereas a sensitive tumor from the same patient did not. Consistent with a functional role in immunotherapy response, inactivation of Fbxw7 in murine tumor cell lines caused resistance to anti-PD-1 in immunocompetent animals. Loss of Fbxw7 was associated with altered immune microenvironment, decreased tumor-intrinsic expression of the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) sensors MDA5 and RIG1, and diminished induction of type I IFN and MHC-I expression. In contrast, restoration of dsRNA sensing in Fbxw7-deficient cells was sufficient to sensitize them to anti-PD-1. Our results thus establish a new role for the commonly inactivated tumor suppressor FBXW7 in viral sensing and sensitivity to immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings establish a role of the commonly inactivated tumor suppressor FBXW7 as a genomic driver of response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Fbxw7 loss promotes resistance to anti-PD-1 through the downregulation of viral sensing pathways, suggesting that therapeutic reactivation of these pathways could improve clinical responses to checkpoint inhibitors in genomically defined cancer patient populations.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1241.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- DEAD Box Protein 58/genetics
- DEAD Box Protein 58/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7/genetics
- F-Box-WD Repeat-Containing Protein 7/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/genetics
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/metabolism
- Loss of Function Mutation
- Male
- Mice
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Double-Stranded/immunology
- RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Gstalder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diana Miao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bart Lutterbach
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander L DeVine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chenyu Lin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Megha Shettigar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priya Pancholi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth I Buchbinder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott L Carter
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael P Manos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vanesa Rojas-Rudilla
- Department of CAMD Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan Brennick
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Evisa Gjini
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chen
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ana Lako
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott Rodig
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles H Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wayne Miles
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Eliezer M Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rizwan Haq
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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45
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Boone CE, Wang C, Lopez-Ramirez MA, Beiss V, Shukla S, Chariou PL, Kupor D, Rueda R, Wang J, Steinmetz NF. Active Microneedle Administration of Plant Virus Nanoparticles for Cancer in situ Vaccination Improves Immunotherapeutic Efficacy. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8037-8051. [PMID: 33969278 PMCID: PMC8101548 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The solid tumor microenvironment (TME) poses a significant structural and biochemical barrier to immunotherapeutic agents. To address the limitations of tumor penetration and distribution, and to enhance antitumor efficacy of immunotherapeutics, we present here an autonomous active microneedle (MN) system for the direct intratumoral (IT) delivery of a potent immunoadjuvant, cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles (CPMV) in vivo. In this active delivery system, magnesium (Mg) microparticles embedded into active MNs react with the interstitial fluid in the TME, generating a propulsive force to drive the nanoparticle payload into the tumor. Active delivery of CPMV payload into B16F10 melanomas in vivo demonstrated substantially more pronounced tumor regression and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice compared to that of passive MNs and conventional needle injection. Active MN administration of CPMV also enhanced local innate and systemic adaptive antitumor immunity. Our approach represents an elaboration of conventional CPMV in situ vaccination, highlighting substantial immune-mediated antitumor effects and improved therapeutic efficacy that can be achieved through an active and autonomous delivery system-mediated CPMV in situ vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Boone
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla California 92093, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Miguel Angel Lopez-Ramirez
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Paul L. Chariou
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Daniel Kupor
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ricardo Rueda
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering (nanoIE), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla California 92093, United States
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering (nanoIE), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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46
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Sui J, Zhao M, Yang Y, Guo Z, Ma M, Xu Z, Liang J, Sun Y, Fan Y, Zhang X. Acid-labile polysaccharide prodrug via lapatinib-sensitizing effect substantially prevented metastasis and postoperative recurrence of triple-negative breast cancer. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13567-13581. [PMID: 32555923 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03395b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection and chemotherapy are routinely performed for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) because it is insensitive to endocrine therapy and molecular targeted therapy. Here, the optimal surface charge (-28 mV) and particle size (51 nm) enabled the acid-labile hyaluronic acid pullulan prodrug (HPP)-doxorubicin (Dox)/lapatinib (Lap) conjugate to circulate in the blood for a lengthy period of time and enhance the electron paramagnetic resonance effect, while the targeted molecule hyaluronic acid accelerated CD44 receptor-mediated 4T1 cell internalization. The inefficient anti-proliferation capability of Lap increased more than 10-fold after sensitization of Dox to metastatic 4T1 cells, while cellular uptake significantly increased, and cell viability dramatically decreased to nearly 20% of the free Dox group. Furthermore, HPP-Dox/Lap more effectively inhibited lateral mobility, vertical migration, and invasion ability of 4T1 cells. The ex vivo biodistribution of representative Dox indicated that Lap obviously facilitated the intratumoral infiltration and accumulation. The in vivo research revealed that there were overwhelming advantages in using HPP-Dox/Lap to inhibit tumor growth, progression, and lung metastasis even at a low dosage (1 mg kg-1), and it decreased postoperative recurrence and pulmonary metastatic nodules. Because of the excellent biosafety and visible therapeutic effect on the 4T1 metastasis and recurrence model, there is great potential value for HPP-Dox/Lap to be used to treat metastatic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Sui
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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47
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Chung YH, Cai H, Steinmetz NF. Viral nanoparticles for drug delivery, imaging, immunotherapy, and theranostic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:214-235. [PMID: 32603813 PMCID: PMC7320870 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) encompass a diverse array of naturally occurring nanomaterials derived from plant viruses, bacteriophages, and mammalian viruses. The application and development of VNPs and their genome-free versions, the virus-like particles (VLPs), for nanomedicine is a rapidly growing. VLPs can encapsulate a wide range of active ingredients as well as be genetically or chemically conjugated to targeting ligands to achieve tissue specificity. VLPs are manufactured through scalable fermentation or molecular farming, and the materials are biocompatible and biodegradable. These properties have led to a wide range of applications, including cancer therapies, immunotherapies, vaccines, antimicrobial therapies, cardiovascular therapies, gene therapies, as well as imaging and theranostics. The use of VLPs as drug delivery agents is evolving, and sufficient research must continuously be undertaken to translate these therapies to the clinic. This review highlights some of the novel research efforts currently underway in the VNP drug delivery field in achieving this greater goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Moores Cancer Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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Cai H, Shukla S, Steinmetz NF. The Antitumor Efficacy of CpG Oligonucleotides is Improved by Encapsulation in Plant Virus-Like Particles. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1908743. [PMID: 34366757 PMCID: PMC8340626 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201908743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) with CpG motifs have potent immunostimulatory effects on many subsets of immune cells. For example, Class B CpG-ODNs, such as ODN1826 induce the phagocytic activity of macrophages by activating the Toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway. Systemic ODN delivery results in unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles and can trigger adverse effects. To address this issue, plant virus-like particles (VLPs) are developed for the targeted delivery of ODN1826 to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). ODN1826 is encapsulated by the in vitro disassembly and reassembly of Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), producing VLPs that are structurally analogous to the native virus. The encapsulation of ODN1826 in CCMV-derived VLPs promotes ODN uptake by TAMs ex vivo and significantly enhance their phagocytic activity. The antitumor activity of the VLPs in vivo is also evaluated, revealing that the direct injection of ODN1826 VLPs into established tumors induces a robust antitumor response by increasing the phagocytic activity of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment. CCMV encapsulation significantly enhances the efficacy of ODN1826 compared to the free drug, slowing tumor growth and prolonging survival in mouse models of colon cancer and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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