1
|
Peng X, Huang X, Zhang S, Zhang N, Huang S, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Zhu S, Gao H, Yu Z, Yan X, Tao Z, Dai Y, Zhang Z, Chen X, Wang F, Claret FX, Elkabets M, Ji N, Zhong Y, Kong D. Sequential Inhibition of PARP and BET as a Rational Therapeutic Strategy for Glioblastoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2307747. [PMID: 38896791 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) hold substantial promise in treating glioblastoma (GBM). However, the adverse effects have restricted their broad application. Through unbiased transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing, it is discovered that the BET inhibitor (BETi) Birabresib profoundly alters the processes of DNA replication and cell cycle progression in GBM cells, beyond the previously reported impact of BET inhibition on homologous recombination repair. Through in vitro experiments using established GBM cell lines and patient-derived primary GBM cells, as well as in vivo orthotopic transplantation tumor experiments in zebrafish and nude mice, it is demonstrated that the concurrent administration of PARPi and BETi can synergistically inhibit GBM. Intriguingly, it is observed that DNA damage lingers after discontinuation of PARPi monotherapy, implying that sequential administration of PARPi followed by BETi can maintain antitumor efficacy while reducing toxicity. In GBM cells with elevated baseline replication stress, the sequential regimen exhibits comparable efficacy to concurrent treatment, protecting normal glial cells with lower baseline replication stress from DNA toxicity and subsequent death. This study provides compelling preclinical evidence supporting the development of innovative drug administration strategies focusing on PARPi for GBM therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Department of Systems Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shaolu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Naixin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shengfan Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Haiwang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zixiang Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaotong Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhennan Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yuxiang Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300020, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Francois X Claret
- Department of Systems Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ning Ji
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yuxu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases (Ministry of Education), International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chi S, Wang C, Liu Z. Biomimetic Nanocomposites for Glioma Imaging and Therapy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304338. [PMID: 38538540 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Glioma, the most common primary brain tumor, is highly invasive and grows rapidly. As such, the survival of glioma patients is relatively short, highlighting the vital importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of glioma. However, the blood brain barrier (BBB) and the non-targeting delivery systems of contrast agents and drugs greatly hinder the effective glioma imaging and therapy. Fortunately, in recent years, investigators have constructed various biomimetic delivery platforms utilizing the exceptional advantages of biomimetic nanocomposites, such as immune evasion, homologous targeting ability, and BBB penetrating ability, to achieve efficient and precise delivery of substances to glioma sites for improved diagnosis and treatment. In this concept, we present the application of these biomimetic nanocomposites in fluorescence imaging (FI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and multi-modal imaging, as well as in chemotherapy, phototherapy, and combined therapy for glioma. Lastly, we provide our perspective on this research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chi
- College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Wang
- College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin H, Liu C, Hu A, Zhang D, Yang H, Mao Y. Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:31. [PMID: 38720342 PMCID: PMC11077829 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the predominant and primary malignant intracranial tumor, poses a formidable challenge due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment, thereby confounding conventional therapeutic interventions. Despite the established treatment regimen comprising surgical intervention, radiotherapy, temozolomide administration, and the exploration of emerging modalities such as immunotherapy and integration of medicine and engineering technology therapy, the efficacy of these approaches remains constrained, resulting in suboptimal prognostic outcomes. In recent years, intensive scrutiny of the inhibitory and immunosuppressive milieu within GBM has underscored the significance of cellular constituents of the GBM microenvironment and their interactions with malignant cells and neurons. Novel immune and targeted therapy strategies have emerged, offering promising avenues for advancing GBM treatment. One pivotal mechanism orchestrating immunosuppression in GBM involves the aggregation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), glioma-associated macrophage/microglia (GAM), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Among these, MDSCs, though constituting a minority (4-8%) of CD45+ cells in GBM, play a central component in fostering immune evasion and propelling tumor progression, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. MDSCs deploy intricate immunosuppressive mechanisms that adapt to the dynamic tumor microenvironment (TME). Understanding the interplay between GBM and MDSCs provides a compelling basis for therapeutic interventions. This review seeks to elucidate the immune regulatory mechanisms inherent in the GBM microenvironment, explore existing therapeutic targets, and consolidate recent insights into MDSC induction and their contribution to GBM immunosuppression. Additionally, the review comprehensively surveys ongoing clinical trials and potential treatment strategies, envisioning a future where targeting MDSCs could reshape the immune landscape of GBM. Through the synergistic integration of immunotherapy with other therapeutic modalities, this approach can establish a multidisciplinary, multi-target paradigm, ultimately improving the prognosis and quality of life in patients with GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaxian Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ankang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanwu Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Institute for Translational Brain Research, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shetty K, Yadav KS. Temozolomide nano-in-nanofiber delivery system with sustained release and enhanced cellular uptake by U87MG cells. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:420-431. [PMID: 38502031 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2332906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was aimed at formulating temozolomide (TMZ) loaded gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) encapsulated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers (TMZ-GNPs-PVA NFs) as the nano-in-nanofiber delivery system. The secondary objective was to explore the sustained releasing ability of this system and to assess its enhanced cellular uptake against U87MG glioma cells in vitro. SIGNIFICANCE Nano-in-nanofibers are the emerging drug delivery systems for treating a wide range of diseases including cancers as they overcome the challenges experienced by nanoparticles and nanofibers alone. METHODS The drug-loaded GNPs were formulated by one-step desolvation method. The Design of Experiments (DoE) was used to optimize nanoparticle size and entrapment efficiency. The optimized drug-loaded nanoparticles were then encapsulated within nanofibers using blend electrospinning technique. The U87MG glioma cells were used to investigate the uptake of the formulation. RESULTS A 32 factorial design was used to optimize the mean particle size (145.7 nm) and entrapment efficiency (87.6%) of the TMZ-loaded GNPs which were subsequently ingrained into PVA nanofibers by electrospinning technique. The delivery system achieved a sustained drug release for up to seven days (in vitro). The SEM results ensured that the expected nano-in-nanofiber delivery system was achieved. The uptake of TMZ-GNPs-PVA NFs by cells was increased by a factor of 1.964 compared to that of the pure drug. CONCLUSION The nano-in-nanofiber drug delivery system is a potentially useful therapeutic strategy for the management of glioblastoma multiforme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Shetty
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai, India
| | - Khushwant S Yadav
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fei H, Jin Y, Jiang N, Zhou Y, Wei N, Liu Y, Miao J, Zhang L, Li R, Zhang A, Du S. Gint4.T-siHDGF chimera-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles encapsulating temozolomide for synergistic glioblastoma therapy. Biomaterials 2024; 306:122479. [PMID: 38295649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Due to glioblastoma (GBM) being the most intractable brain tumor, the continuous improvement of effective treatment methods is indispensable. The combination of siRNA-based gene therapy and chemotherapy for GBM treatment has now manifested great promise. Herein, Gint4.T-siHDGF chimera-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) encapsulating chemotherapy drug temozolomide (TMZ), termed as TMSN@siHDGF-Gint4.T, is developed to co-deliver gene-drug siHDGF and TMZ for synergistic GBM therapy. TMSN@siHDGF-Gint4.T possesses spherical nucleic acid-like architecture that can improve the enzyme resistance of siHDGF and increase the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of the nanovehicle. The aptamer Gint4.T of chimera endows the nanovehicle with GBM cell-specific binding ability. When administered systemically, TMSN@siHDGF-Gint4.T can traverse BBB and enter GBM cells. In the acidic lysosome environment, the cleavage of benzoic-imine bond on MSN surface leads to an initial rapid release of chimera, followed by a slow release of TMZ encapsulated in MSN. The sequential release of siHDGF and TMZ first allows siHDGF to exert its gene-silencing effect, and the downregulation of HDGF expression further enhances the cytotoxicity of TMZ. In vivo experimental results have demonstrated that TMSN@siHDGF-Gint4.T significantly inhibits tumor growth and extends the survival time of GBM-bearing mice. Thus, the as-developed TMSN@siHDGF-Gint4.T affords a potential approach for the combination treatment of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaijun Fei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yang Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Ningcheng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jiayi Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Aixia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Shuhu Du
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China; Kangda College, Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maleszewska M, Wojnicki K, Mieczkowski J, Król SK, Jacek K, Śmiech M, Kocyk M, Ciechomska IA, Bujko M, Siedlecki J, Kotulska K, Grajkowska W, Zawadzka M, Kaminska B. DMRTA2 supports glioma stem-cell mediated neovascularization in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:228. [PMID: 38509074 PMCID: PMC10954651 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal brain tumor in adults. Due to its fast proliferation, diffusive growth and therapy resistance survival times are less than two years for patients with IDH-wildtype GBM. GBM is noted for the considerable cellular heterogeneity, high stemness indices and abundance of the glioma stem-like cells known to support tumor progression, therapeutic resistance and recurrence. Doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor a2 (DMRTA2) is involved in maintaining neural progenitor cells (NPC) in the cell cycle and its overexpression suppresses NPC differentiation. Despite the reports showing that primary GBM originates from transformed neural stem/progenitors cells, the role of DMRTA2 in gliomagenesis has not been elucidated so far. Here we show the upregulation of DMRTA2 expression in malignant gliomas. Immunohistochemical staining showed the protein concentrated in small cells with high proliferative potential and cells localized around blood vessels, where it colocalizes with pericyte-specific markers. Knock-down of DMRTA2 in human glioma cells impairs proliferation but not viability of the cells, and affects the formation of the tumor spheres, as evidenced by strong decrease in the number and size of spheres in in vitro cultures. Moreover, the knockdown of DMRTA2 in glioma spheres affects the stabilization of the glioma stem-like cell-dependent tube formation in an in vitro angiogenesis assay. We conclude that DMRTA2 is a new player in gliomagenesis and tumor neovascularization and due to its high expression in malignant gliomas could be a biomarker and potential target for new therapeutic strategies in glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maleszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Wojnicki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia K Król
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Jacek
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Śmiech
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kocyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona A Ciechomska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Bujko
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Siedlecki
- Department of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotulska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zawadzka
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Plasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lan Z, Li X, Zhang X. Glioblastoma: An Update in Pathology, Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3040. [PMID: 38474286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumor in adults. Despite important advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis and biology of this tumor in the past decade, the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor. GBM is characterized by aggressive biological behavior and high degrees of inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Increased understanding of the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of GBM may not only help more accurately define specific subgroups for precise diagnosis but also lay the groundwork for the successful implementation of targeted therapy. Herein, we systematically review the key achievements in the understanding of GBM molecular pathogenesis, mechanisms, and biomarkers in the past decade. We discuss the advances in the molecular pathology of GBM, including genetics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, and signaling pathways. We also review the molecular biomarkers that have potential clinical roles. Finally, new strategies, current challenges, and future directions for discovering new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for GBM will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Lan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lupo KB, Yao X, Borde S, Wang J, Torregrosa-Allen S, Elzey BD, Utturkar S, Lanman NA, McIntosh M, Matosevic S. synNotch-programmed iPSC-derived NK cells usurp TIGIT and CD73 activities for glioblastoma therapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1909. [PMID: 38429294 PMCID: PMC10907695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe heterogeneity within glioblastoma has spurred the notion that disrupting the interplay between multiple elements on immunosuppression is at the core of meaningful anti-tumor responses. T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) and its glioblastoma-associated antigen, CD155, form a highly immunosuppressive axis in glioblastoma and other solid tumors, yet targeting of TIGIT, a functionally heterogeneous receptor on tumor-infiltrating immune cells, has largely been ineffective as monotherapy, suggesting that disruption of its inhibitory network might be necessary for measurable responses. It is within this context that we show that the usurpation of the TIGIT - CD155 axis via engineered synNotch-mediated activation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived natural killer (NK) cells promotes transcription factor-mediated activation of a downstream signaling cascade that results in the controlled, localized blockade of CD73 to disrupt purinergic activity otherwise resulting in the production and accumulation of immunosuppressive extracellular adenosine. Such "decoy" receptor engages CD155 binding to TIGIT, but tilts inhibitory TIGIT/CD155 interactions toward activation via downstream synNotch signaling. Usurping activities of TIGIT and CD73 promotes the function of adoptively transferred NK cells into intracranial patient-derived models of glioblastoma and enhances their natural cytolytic functions against this tumor to result in complete tumor eradication. In addition, targeting both receptors, in turn, reprograms the glioblastoma microenvironment via the recruitment of T cells and the downregulation of M2 macrophages. This study demonstrates that TIGIT/CD155 and CD73 are targetable receptor partners in glioblastoma. Our data show that synNotch-engineered pluripotent stem cell-derived NK cells are not only effective mediators of anti-glioblastoma responses within the setting of CD73 and TIGIT/CD155 co-targeting, but represent a powerful allogeneic treatment option for this tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B Lupo
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xue Yao
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shambhavi Borde
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Bennett D Elzey
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sagar Utturkar
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nadia A Lanman
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - MacKenzie McIntosh
- Histology Research Laboratory, Center for Comparative Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sandro Matosevic
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun R, Shao X, Akter F, Zahid KR, Yao S, Ma L, Xu G. PRIM2: A Marker of MYC-driven Hyper-proliferation, Disease Progression, Tumor Aggressiveness and Poor Survival in Glioma Patients. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2024; 21:186-202. [PMID: 38423596 PMCID: PMC10905270 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Gliomas are the most prevalent brain tumors with metabolic alterations playing a pivotal role in disease progression. However, the precise coordination of metabolic alterations with tumor-promoting cellular mechanisms, leading to tumor initiation, progression, and aggressiveness, resulting in poor outcomes, remains poorly understood in gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a metabolism-targeted differential gene expression analysis using glioma patients' expression profiling data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In addition, pathway enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), transcription factor prediction, network construction, and correlation analyses were performed. Survival analyses were performed in R. All results were validated using independent GEO expression datasets. RESULTS Metabolism-targeted analysis identified 5 hits involved in diverse metabolic processes linking them to disease aggressiveness in gliomas. Subsequently, we established that cell cycle progression and hyper-proliferation are key drivers of tumor progression and aggressiveness in gliomas. One of the identified metabolic hits, DNA primase 2 (PRIM2), a gene involved in DNA replication was found directly associated with cell cycle progression in gliomas. Furthermore, our analysis indicated that PRIM2, along with other cell cycle-related genes, is under the control of and regulated by the oncogenic MYC transcription factor in gliomas. In addition, PRIM2 expression alone is enough to predict MYC-driven cell cycle progression and is associated with tumor progression, aggressive disease state, and poor survival in glioma patients. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight PRIM2 as a marker of MYC-driven cell cycle progression and hyper-proliferation, disease onset and progression, tumor aggressiveness, and poor survival in glioma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Sun
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Farhana Akter
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
| | - Kashif Rafiq Zahid
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - Shun Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lianting Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Guozheng Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China;
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Wuhan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu Y, Xue G, Zhou L, Wu G, Hu L, Ma S, Zhang J, Li X. KIF4A promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway in glioma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04943-z. [PMID: 38411896 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent type of primary brain tumor, with poor prognosis reported in patients with high-grade glioma. Kinesin family member 4 A (KIF4A) stimulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. However, its function in gliomas has not been clearly established. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of KIF4A on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of glioma cells. We searched The Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases to identify KIF4A-related signaling pathways and downstream genes. We further validated them using western blotting, transwell migration and invasion, wound-healing scratch, and dual-luciferase reporter assays in U251 and U87 human glioblastoma cells. Our analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas data showed elevated KIF4A expression in patients with gliomas and was associated with clinical grade. Here, KIF4A overexpression promoted the migration, invasion, and proliferation of glioma cells, whereas KIF4A knockdown showed contrasting results. Gene Ontology (GO) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analyses demonstrated that KIF4A positively controls TGF-β/SMAD signaling in glioma cells. Additionally, genetic correlation analysis revealed that KIF4A transcriptionally controls benzimidazoles-1 expression in glioma cells. KIF4A promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway via benzimidazoles-1 in glioma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangren Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gaotian Wu
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingji Hu
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuchen Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu X, Zhao P, Du X, Hou J, Zhang G, Zhang W, Yang L, Chen Y. Let-7b-5p promotes triptolide-induced growth-inhibiting effects in glioma by targeting IGF1R. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-02957-4. [PMID: 38363352 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common malignancies of the central nervous system. The therapeutic effect has not been satisfactory despite advances in comprehensive treatment techniques. Our previous studies have found that triptolide inhibits glioma proliferation through the ROS/JNK pathway, but in-depth mechanisms need to be explored. Recent studies have confirmed that miRNAs may function as tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes and be involved in cancer development and progression. In this study, we found that let-7b-5p expression levels closely correlated with WHO grades and overall survival in patients in tumor glioma-CGGA-mRNAseq-325, and the upregulation of let-7b-5p can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of glioma cells. Functionally, upregulation of let-7b-5p increased the inhibitory effect on cell viability and colony formation caused by triptolide and promoted the apoptosis rate of triptolide-treated U251 cells. Conversely, downregulation of let-7b-5p had the opposite effect, indicating that let-7b-5p is a tumor suppressor miRNA in glioma cells. Moreover, target prediction, luciferase reporter assays and functional experiments revealed that IGF1R was a direct target of let-7b-5p. In addition, upregulation of IGF1R reversed the triptolide-regulated inhibition of cell viability but promoted glioma cell apoptosis and activated the ROS/JNK signaling pathway induced by triptolide. The results obtained in vivo experiments substantiated those from the in vitro experiments. In summary, the current study provides evidence that triptolide inhibits the growth of glioma cells by regulating the let-7b-5p-IGF1R-ROS/JNK axis in vitro and in vivo. These findings may provide new ideas and potential targets for molecularly targeted therapies for comprehensive glioma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xihong Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhong Jing) School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Peiyuan Zhao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhong Jing) School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaodan Du
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhong Jing) School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Junlin Hou
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhong Jing) School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Wenxian Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhong Jing) School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhong Jing) School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yulong Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhong Jing) School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 156 Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang Z, Liu Y, Li H, Tang Q, Yang B, Shi Z, Mao Y. Microneedle Patch Delivery of PLCG1-siRNA Efficient Enhanced Temozolomide Therapy for Glioblastoma. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:655-665. [PMID: 38242535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and drug resistance present challenges for chemotherapy of glioblastoma (GBM). A microneedle (MN) patch with excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability was designed to bypass the BBB and release temozolomide (TMZ) and PLCG1-siRNA directly into the tumor site for synergistic treatment of GBM. The codelivery of TMZ and PLCG1-siRNA enhanced DNA damage and apoptosis. The potential mechanism behind this enhancement is to knockdown of PLCG1 expression, which positively regulates the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 genes, thereby preventing DNA repair and enhancing the sensitivity of GBM to TMZ. The MN patch enables long-term sustainable drug release through in situ implantation and increases local drug concentrations in diseased areas, significantly extending mouse survival time compared to other drug treatment groups. MN drug delivery provides a platform for the combination treatment of GBM and other central nervous system diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 200433 Henan, China
| | - Haoyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Koo KM, Kim CD, Kim TH. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Detection of Cell Energy Metabolism. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:46. [PMID: 38248422 PMCID: PMC10813075 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cell energy metabolism is a complex and multifaceted process by which some of the most important nutrients, particularly glucose and other sugars, are transformed into energy. This complexity is a result of dynamic interactions between multiple components, including ions, metabolic intermediates, and products that arise from biochemical reactions, such as glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the two main metabolic pathways that provide adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of chemical energy driving various physiological activities. Impaired cell energy metabolism and perturbations or dysfunctions in associated metabolites are frequently implicated in numerous diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders. As a result, altered metabolites hold value as potential disease biomarkers. Electrochemical biosensors are attractive devices for the early diagnosis of many diseases and disorders based on biomarkers due to their advantages of efficiency, simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity, and high selectivity in the detection of anomalies in cellular energy metabolism, including key metabolites involved in glycolysis and mitochondrial processes, such as glucose, lactate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutamate, and ATP, both in vivo and in vitro. This paper offers a detailed examination of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolites, along with their many applications in cell chips and wearable sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseuk-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (K.-M.K.); (C.-D.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rahban M, Joushi S, Bashiri H, Saso L, Sheibani V. Characterization of prevalent tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their challenges in glioblastoma treatment. Front Chem 2024; 11:1325214. [PMID: 38264122 PMCID: PMC10804459 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1325214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive malignant primary tumor in the central nervous system. Despite extensive efforts in radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and neurosurgery, there remains an inadequate level of improvement in treatment outcomes. The development of large-scale genomic and proteomic analysis suggests that GBMs are characterized by transcriptional heterogeneity, which is responsible for therapy resistance. Hence, knowledge about the genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity of GBM is crucial for developing effective treatments for this aggressive form of brain cancer. Tyrosine kinases (TKs) can act as signal transducers, regulate important cellular processes like differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. Therefore, TK inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed to specifically target these kinases. TKIs are categorized into allosteric and non-allosteric inhibitors. Irreversible inhibitors form covalent bonds, which can lead to longer-lasting effects. However, this can also increase the risk of off-target effects and toxicity. The development of TKIs as therapeutics through computer-aided drug design (CADD) and bioinformatic techniques enhance the potential to improve patients' survival rates. Therefore, the continued exploration of TKIs as drug targets is expected to lead to even more effective and specific therapeutics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdie Rahban
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Joushi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lennartz P, Thölke D, Bashiri Dezfouli A, Pilz M, Lobinger D, Messner V, Zanth H, Ainslie K, Kafshgari MH, Rammes G, Ballmann M, Schlegel M, Foulds GA, Pockley AG, Schmidt-Graf F, Multhoff G. Biomarkers in Adult-Type Diffuse Gliomas: Elevated Levels of Circulating Vesicular Heat Shock Protein 70 Serve as a Biomarker in Grade 4 Glioblastoma and Increase NK Cell Frequencies in Grade 3 Glioma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3235. [PMID: 38137456 PMCID: PMC10741018 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of circulating Hsp70 levels and their influence on the immunophenotype of circulating lymphocyte subsets were examined as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for the overall survival (OS) in patients with IDH-mutant WHO grade 3 oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, and IDH-wildtype grade 4 glioblastoma (GBM). Vesicular and free Hsp70 in the plasma/serum was measured using the Hsp70-exo and R&D Systems DuoSet® Hsp70 ELISAs. The immunophenotype and membrane Hsp70 status was determined by multiparameter flow cytometry on peripheral blood lymphocytes and single-cell suspensions of tumor specimens and cultured cells. Compared to healthy controls, circulating vesicular Hsp70 levels were significantly increased in patients with GBM, concomitant with a significant decrease in the proportion of CD3+/CD4+ helper T cells, whereas the frequency of NK cells was most prominently increased in patients with grade 3 gliomas. Elevated circulating Hsp70 levels and a higher prevalence of activated CD3-/CD56+/CD94+/CD69+ NK cells were associated with an improved OS in grade 3 gliomas, whereas high Hsp70 levels and low CD3+/CD4+ frequencies were associated with an adverse OS in GBM. It is assumed that a reduced membrane Hsp70 density on grade 4 versus grade 3 primary glioma cells and reduced CD3+/CD4+ T cell counts in GBM might drive an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lennartz
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Thölke
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Pilz
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Lobinger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, München Klinik Bogenhausen, Lehrkrankenhaus der TUM, 81925 Munich, Germany;
| | - Verena Messner
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Zanth
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Karen Ainslie
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Electronics, Central Instititute for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rammes
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Markus Ballmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Martin Schlegel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Gemma Ann Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (G.A.F.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Alan Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (G.A.F.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Friederike Schmidt-Graf
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany; (P.L.); (D.T.); (A.B.D.); (V.M.); (H.Z.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, 81675 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dong C, Yu X, Jin K, Qian J. Overcoming brain barriers through surface-functionalized liposomes for glioblastoma therapy; current status, challenges and future perspective. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:2161-2184. [PMID: 38180008 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) originating from astrocytes is considered a grade IV astrocytoma tumor with severe consequences. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) offers a major obstacle in drug delivery to the brain to overcome GB. The current treatment options possess limited efficacy and maximal systemic toxic effects in GB therapy. Emerging techniques such as targeted drug delivery offer significant advantages, including enhanced drug delivery to the tumor site by overcoming the BBB. This review article focuses on the status of surface-modified lipid nanocarriers with functional ligands to efficiently traverse the BBB and improve brain targeting for successful GB treatment. The difficulties with surface-functionalized liposomes and potential future directions for opening up novel treatment options for GB are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changming Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Xuebin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321000, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinchang People's Hospital, Affiliated Xinchang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Xinchang, Zhejiang, 312500, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yin J, Seo Y, Rhim J, Jin X, Kim TH, Kim SS, Hong JH, Gwak HS, Yoo H, Park JB, Kim JH. Cross-talk between PARN and EGFR-STAT3 Signaling Facilitates Self-Renewal and Proliferation of Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3693-3709. [PMID: 37747775 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor and displays highly aggressive and heterogeneous phenotypes. The transcription factor STAT3 has been reported to play a key role in glioblastoma malignancy. Thus, discovering targets and functional downstream networks regulated by STAT3 that govern glioblastoma pathogenesis may lead to improved treatment strategies. In this study, we identified that poly(A)-specific ribonuclease (PARN), a key modulator of RNA metabolism, activates EGFR-STAT3 signaling to support glioblastoma stem cells (GSC). Functional integrative analysis of STAT3 found PARN as the top-scoring transcriptional target involved in RNA processing in patients with glioblastoma, and PARN expression was strongly correlated with poor patient survival and elevated malignancy. PARN positively regulated self-renewal and proliferation of GSCs through its 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity. EGFR was identified as a clinically relevant target of PARN in GSCs. PARN positively modulated EGFR by negatively regulating the EGFR-targeting miRNA miR-7, and increased EGFR expression created a positive feedback loop to increase STAT3 activation. PARN depletion in GSCs reduced infiltration and prolonged survival in orthotopic brain tumor xenografts; similar results were observed using siRNA nanocapsule-mediated PARN targeting. Pharmacological targeting of STAT3 also confirmed PARN regulation by STAT3 signaling. In sum, these results suggest that a STAT3-PARN regulatory network plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and thus may represent a target for glioblastoma therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE A positive feedback loop comprising PARN and EGFR-STAT3 signaling supports self-renewal and proliferation of glioblastoma stem cells to drive tumor progression and can be targeted in glioblastoma therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Yin
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yoona Seo
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jiho Rhim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Xiong Jin
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Hong
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ho-Shin Gwak
- Neuro-Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Cancer Control, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Heon Yoo
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Neuro-Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Heon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Cancer Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Isachesku E, Braicu C, Pirlog R, Kocijancic A, Busuioc C, Pruteanu LL, Pandey DP, Berindan-Neagoe I. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Epigenetic Dysregulation in Glioblastoma Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16320. [PMID: 38003512 PMCID: PMC10671451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary brain tumor arising from glial cells. The tumor is highly aggressive, the reason for which it has become the deadliest brain tumor type with the poorest prognosis. Like other cancers, it compromises molecular alteration on genetic and epigenetic levels. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype without the occurrence of any genetic mutations or DNA sequence alterations in the driver tumor-related genes. These epigenetic changes are reversible, making them convenient targets in cancer therapy. Therefore, we aim to review critical epigenetic dysregulation processes in glioblastoma. We will highlight the significant affected tumor-related pathways and their outcomes, such as regulation of cell cycle progression, cell growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell invasiveness, immune evasion, or acquirement of drug resistance. Examples of molecular changes induced by epigenetic modifications, such as DNA epigenetic alterations, histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation, are highlighted. As understanding the role of epigenetic regulators and underlying molecular mechanisms in the overall pro-tumorigenic landscape of glioblastoma is essential, this literature study will provide valuable insights for establishing the prognostic or diagnostic value of various non-coding transcripts, including miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Isachesku
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.B.); (R.P.); (L.-L.P.)
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.B.); (R.P.); (L.-L.P.)
| | - Radu Pirlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.B.); (R.P.); (L.-L.P.)
| | - Anja Kocijancic
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (A.K.)
| | - Constantin Busuioc
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Disease, 021105 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, Onco Team Diagnostic, 010719 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lavinia-Lorena Pruteanu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.B.); (R.P.); (L.-L.P.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, North University Center, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania
| | - Deo Prakash Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (A.K.)
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (C.B.); (R.P.); (L.-L.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gardam B, Gargett T, Brown MP, Ebert LM. Targeting the dendritic cell-T cell axis to develop effective immunotherapies for glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1261257. [PMID: 37928547 PMCID: PMC10623138 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1261257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive primary brain tumor that has seen few advances in treatments for over 20 years. In response to this desperate clinical need, multiple immunotherapy strategies are under development, including CAR-T cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses and dendritic cell vaccines, although these approaches are yet to yield significant clinical benefit. Potential reasons for the lack of success so far include the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, the blood-brain barrier, and systemic changes to the immune system driven by both the tumor and its treatment. Furthermore, while T cells are essential effector cells for tumor control, dendritic cells play an equally important role in T cell activation, and emerging evidence suggests the dendritic cell compartment may be deeply compromised in glioblastoma patients. In this review, we describe the immunotherapy approaches currently under development for glioblastoma and the challenges faced, with a particular emphasis on the critical role of the dendritic cell-T cell axis. We suggest a number of strategies that could be used to boost dendritic cell number and function and propose that the use of these in combination with T cell-targeting strategies could lead to successful tumor control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Gardam
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and South Australia (SA) Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tessa Gargett
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and South Australia (SA) Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael P. Brown
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and South Australia (SA) Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Ebert
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and South Australia (SA) Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tirpe A, Streianu C, Tirpe SM, Kocijancic A, Pirlog R, Pirlog B, Busuioc C, Pop OL, Berindan-Neagoe I. The Glioblastoma CircularRNAome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14545. [PMID: 37833993 PMCID: PMC10572686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains one of the most aggressive cancers of the brain, warranting new methods for early diagnosis and more efficient treatment options. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are rather new entities with increased stability compared to their linear counterparts that interact with proteins and act as microRNA sponges, among other functions. Herein, we provide a critical overview of the recently described glioblastoma-related circRNAs in the literature, focusing on their roles on glioblastoma cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion and metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, and therapeutic resistance. The main roles of circRNAs in regulating cancer processes are due to their regulatory roles in essential oncogenic pathways, including MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and Wnt, which are influenced by various circRNAs. The present work pictures the wide implication of circRNAs in glioblastoma, thus highlighting their potential as future biomarkers and therapeutic targets/agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Tirpe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.T.); (R.P.)
- The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristian Streianu
- The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Stefana Maria Tirpe
- Department of Neurology, Ortenau-Klinikum Lahr, Klostenstrasse 19, 7933 Lahr, Germany;
| | - Anja Kocijancic
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, N-0424 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Radu Pirlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.T.); (R.P.)
| | - Bianca Pirlog
- Department of Neurology, County Emergency Hospital, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Constantin Busuioc
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Disease, 021105 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, Onco Team Diagnostic, 010719 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu-Laurean Pop
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.T.); (R.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kałuzińska-Kołat Ż, Kołat D, Kośla K, Płuciennik E, Bednarek AK. Molecular landscapes of glioblastoma cell lines revealed a group of patients that do not benefit from WWOX tumor suppressor expression. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1260409. [PMID: 37781246 PMCID: PMC10540236 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1260409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glioblastoma (GBM) is notorious for its clinical and molecular heterogeneity, contributing to therapeutic failure and a grim prognosis. WWOX is one of the tumor suppressor genes important in nervous tissue or related pathologies, which was scarcely investigated in GBM for reliable associations with prognosis or disease progression despite known alterations. Recently, we observed a phenotypic heterogeneity between GBM cell lines (U87MG, T98G, U251MG, DBTRG-05MG), among which the anti-GBM activity of WWOX was generally corresponding, but colony growth and formation were inconsistent in DBTRG-05MG. This prompted us to investigate the molecular landscapes of these cell lines, intending to translate them into the clinical context. Methods U87MG/T98G/U251MG/DBTRG-05MG were subjected to high-throughput sequencing, and obtained data were explored via weighted gene co-expression network analysis, differential expression analysis, functional annotation, and network building. Following the identification of the most relevant DBTRG-distinguishing driver genes, data from GBM patients were employed for, e.g., differential expression analysis, survival analysis, and principal component analysis. Results Although most driver genes were unique for each cell line, some were inversely regulated in DBTRG-05MG. Alongside driver genes, the differentially-expressed genes were used to build a WWOX-related network depicting protein-protein interactions in U87MG/T98G/U251MG/DBTRG-05MG. This network revealed processes distinctly regulated in DBTRG-05MG, e.g., microglia proliferation or neurofibrillary tangle assembly. POLE4 and HSF2BP were selected as DBTRG-discriminating driver genes based on the gene significance, module membership, and fold-change. Alongside WWOX, POLE4 and HSF2BP expression was used to stratify patients into cell lines-resembling groups that differed in, e.g., prognosis and treatment response. Some differences from a WWOX-related network were certified in patients, revealing genes that clarify clinical outcomes. Presumably, WWOX overexpression in DBTRG-05MG resulted in expression profile change resembling that of patients with inferior prognosis and drug response. Among these patients, WWOX may be inaccessible for its partners and does not manifest its anti-cancer activity, which was proposed in the literature but not regarding glioblastoma or concerning POLE4 and HSF2BP. Conclusion Cell lines data enabled the identification of patients among which, despite high expression of WWOX tumor suppressor, no advantageous outcomes were noted due to the cancer-promoting profile ensured by other genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kośla
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej K. Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liao D, Liu YC, Liu JY, Wang D, Liu XF. Differentiating tumour progression from pseudoprogression in glioblastoma patients: a monoexponential, biexponential, and stretched-exponential model-based DWI study. BMC Med Imaging 2023; 23:119. [PMID: 37697237 PMCID: PMC10494379 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-023-01082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the diagnostic performance of parameters derived from monoexponential, biexponential, and stretched-exponential diffusion-weighted imaging models in differentiating tumour progression from pseudoprogression in glioblastoma patients. METHODS Forty patients with pathologically confirmed glioblastoma exhibiting enhancing lesions after completion of chemoradiation therapy were enrolled in the study, which were then classified as tumour progression and pseudoprogression. All patients underwent conventional and multi-b diffusion-weighted MRI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from a monoexponential model, the true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion fraction (f) from a biexponential model, and the distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) and intravoxel heterogeneity index (α) from a stretched-exponential model were compared between tumour progression and pseudoprogression groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) analysis was used to investigate the diagnostic performance of different DWI parameters. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the consistency of measurements. RESULTS The values of ADC, D, DDC, and α values were lower in tumour progression patients than that in pseudoprogression patients (p < 0.05). The values of D* and f were higher in tumour progression patients than that in pseudoprogression patients (p < 0.05). Diagnostic accuracy for differentiating tumour progression from pseudoprogression was highest for α(AUC = 0.94) than that for ADC (AUC = 0.91), D (AUC = 0.92), D* (AUC = 0.81), f (AUC = 0.75), and DDC (AUC = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS Multi-b DWI is a promising method for differentiating tumour progression from pseudoprogression with high diagnostic accuracy. In addition, the α derived from stretched-exponential model is the most promising DWI parameter for the prediction of tumour progression in glioblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liao
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002 China
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010 China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002 China
| | - Jiang-Yong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002 China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002 China
| | - Xin-Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002 China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fan WT, Liu XF, Liang RC. Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway Is Involved in the Inhibition of Glioma Cell Proliferation and Invasion in the Ketogenic Microenvironment. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:759-767. [PMID: 37498407 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet has been used to treat malignant glioma, in which the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is overactivated. However, whether the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is involved in the therapeutic effect of ketone bodies remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of a major ketone body, 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HBA), on the proliferation and metastasis of malignant glioblastoma cells and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Two human malignant glioblastoma cell lines (U87 and U251) were treated with different concentrations of 3-HBA with or without the Raf inhibitor PAF C-16 for 24 h. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell invasion, and phospholipase D1 (PLD1) activity were determined. Protein and gene expression levels of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway members were examined. RESULTS 3-HBA significantly decreased cell proliferation, invasion, and intracellular PLD1 activity in both U87 and U251 glioblastoma cell lines. 3-HBA treatment significantly increased the proportion of cells in the G1 phase and decreased the proportion of cells in S phase in U87 cells. In the U251 line, the proportion of treated cells in S phase was increased and proportion of cells in G2 was decreased. 3-HBA treatment also significantly decreased the protein expression levels of Raf, MEK, p-MEK, ERK, p-ERK, and PLD1 while increasing p53 expression; an effect that was similar to treatment with the Raf inhibitor. Co-treatment of 3-HBA with the Raf inhibitor further enhanced the effects of the 3-HBA in both cell lines. CONCLUSION We confirmed that a ketogenic microenvironment can inhibit glioma cell proliferation and invasion by downregulating the expression of PLD1 through the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China
| | - Ri-Chu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Baselga M, Iruzubieta P, Castiella T, Monzón M, Monleón E, Berga C, Schuhmacher AJ, Junquera C. Spheresomes are the main extracellular vesicles in low-grade gliomas. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11180. [PMID: 37430101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression and its impact on treatment response and prognosis is deeply regulated by tumour microenvironment (TME). Cancer cells are in constant communication and modulate TME through several mechanisms, including transfer of tumour-promoting cargos through extracellular vesicles (EVs) or oncogenic signal detection by primary cilia. Spheresomes are a specific EV that arise from rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi vesicles. They accumulate beneath cell membrane and are released to the extracellular medium through multivesicular spheres. This study describes spheresomes in low-grade gliomas using electron microscopy. We found that spheresomes are more frequent than exosomes in these tumours and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, the distinct biogenesis processes of these EVs result in unique cargo profiles, suggesting different functional roles. We also identified primary cilia in these tumours. These findings collectively contribute to our understanding of glioma progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baselga
- Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Iruzubieta
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomás Castiella
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Legal Medicine, and Toxicology, University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Monzón
- Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva Monleón
- Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Carmen Berga
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto J Schuhmacher
- Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Concepción Junquera
- Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fareed A, Rohail S, Adnan A, Khan AM. DCvax: A promising advancement in oncology for the treatment of glioblastoma. Rare Tumors 2023; 15:20363613231179541. [PMID: 37256198 PMCID: PMC10225952 DOI: 10.1177/20363613231179541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Areeba Fareed
- Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Samia Rohail
- Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Alishba Adnan
- Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Moiz Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lu L, Wang L, Zhao L, Liao J, Zhao C, Xu X, Wang F, Zhang X. A Novel Blood-Brain Barrier-Penetrating and Vascular-Targeting Chimeric Peptide Inhibits Glioma Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108753. [PMID: 37240099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The high vascularization of glioma highlights the potential value of anti-angiogenic therapeutics for glioma treatment. Previously, we designed a novel vascular-targeting and blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrating peptide, TAT-AT7, by attaching the cell-penetrating peptide TAT to a vascular-targeting peptide AT7, and we demonstrated that TAT-AT7 could target binding to the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), which are both highly expressed in endothelial cells. TAT-AT7 has been proven to be a good targeting peptide which could effectively deliver the secretory endostatin gene to treat glioma via the TAT-AT7-modified polyethyleneimine (PEI) nanocomplex. In the current study, we further explored the molecular binding mechanisms of TAT-AT7 to VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 and its anti-glioma effects. Accordingly, TAT-AT7 was proven to competitively bind to VEGFR-2 and NRP-1 and prevent VEGF-A165 binding to the receptors by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay. TAT-AT7 inhibited endothelial cells' proliferation, migration, invasion, and tubule formation, as well as promoted endothelial cells' apoptosis in vitro. Further research revealed that TAT-AT7 inhibited the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 and its downstream PLC-γ, ERK1/2, SRC, AKT, and FAK kinases. Additionally, TAT-AT7 significantly inhibited angiogenesis of zebrafish embryo. Moreover, TAT-AT7 had a better penetrating ability and could penetrate the BBB into glioma tissue and target glioma neovascularization in an orthotopic U87-glioma-bearing nude mice model, and exhibited the effect of inhibiting glioma growth and angiogenesis. Taken together, the binding and function mechanisms of TAT-AT7 were firstly revealed, and TAT-AT7 was proven to be an effective and promising peptide for the development of anti-angiogenic drugs for targeted treatment of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Longkun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chunqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Avgoulas DI, Tasioulis KS, Papi RM, Pantazaki AA. Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems in Brain Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051439. [PMID: 37242681 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is designated as one of the principal causes of mortality universally. Among different types of cancer, brain cancer remains the most challenging one due to its aggressiveness, the ineffective permeation ability of drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and drug resistance. To overcome the aforementioned issues in fighting brain cancer, there is an imperative need for designing novel therapeutic approaches. Exosomes have been proposed as prospective "Trojan horse" nanocarriers of anticancer theranostics owing to their biocompatibility, increased stability, permeability, negligible immunogenicity, prolonged circulation time, and high loading capacity. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the biological properties, physicochemical characteristics, isolation methods, biogenesis and internalization of exosomes, while it emphasizes their therapeutic and diagnostic potential as drug vehicle systems in brain cancer, highlighting recent advances in the research field. A comparison of the biological activity and therapeutic effectiveness of several exosome-encapsulated cargo including drugs and biomacromolecules underlines their great supremacy over the non-exosomal encapsulated cargo in the delivery, accumulation, and biological potency. Various studies on cell lines and animals give prominence to exosome-based nanoparticles (NPs) as a promising and alternative approach in the management of brain cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios I Avgoulas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos S Tasioulis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rigini M Papi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao B, Wu J, Li H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xing H, Wang Y, Ma W. Recent advances and future challenges of tumor vaccination therapy for recurrent glioblastoma. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:74. [PMID: 37046332 PMCID: PMC10091563 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant CNS tumor with a highest incidence rate, and most patients would undergo a recurrence. Recurrent GBM (rGBM) shows an increasing resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, leading to a significantly poorer prognosis and the urgent need for novel treatments. Immunotherapy, a rapidly developing anti-tumor therapy in recent years, has shown its potential value in rGBM. Recent studies on PD-1 immunotherapy and CAR-T therapy have shown some efficacy, but the outcome was not as expected. Tumor vaccination is the oldest approach of immunotherapies, which has returned to the research focus because of the failure of other strategies and subversive understanding of CNS. The isolation effect of blood brain barrier and the immunosuppressive cell infiltration could lead to resistance existing in all phases of the anti-tumor immune response, where novel tumor vaccines have been designed to overcome these problems through new tumor antigenic targets and regulatory of the systematic immune response. In this review, the immunological characteristics of CNS and GBM would be discussed and summarized, as well as the mechanism of each novel tumor vaccine for rGBM. And through the review of completed early-phase studies and ongoing large-scale phase III clinical trials, evaluation could be conducted for potential immune response, biosecurity and initial clinical outcome, which further draw a panorama of this vital research field and provide some deep thoughts for the prospective tendency of vaccination strategy. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Zhao
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Wu
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanzhang Li
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuekun Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xing
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Caverzán MD, Beaugé L, Oliveda PM, Cesca González B, Bühler EM, Ibarra LE. Exploring Monocytes-Macrophages in Immune Microenvironment of Glioblastoma for the Design of Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040542. [PMID: 37190507 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are primary malignant brain tumors. These tumors seem to be more and more frequent, not only because of a true increase in their incidence, but also due to the increase in life expectancy of the general population. Among gliomas, malignant gliomas and more specifically glioblastomas (GBM) are a challenge in their diagnosis and treatment. There are few effective therapies for these tumors, and patients with GBM fare poorly, even after aggressive surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Over the last decade, it is now appreciated that these tumors are composed of numerous distinct tumoral and non-tumoral cell populations, which could each influence the overall tumor biology and response to therapies. Monocytes have been proved to actively participate in tumor growth, giving rise to the support of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). In GBM, TAMs represent up to one half of the tumor mass cells, including both infiltrating macrophages and resident brain microglia. Infiltrating macrophages/monocytes constituted ~ 85% of the total TAM population, they have immune functions, and they can release a wide array of growth factors and cytokines in response to those factors produced by tumor and non-tumor cells from the tumor microenvironment (TME). A brief review of the literature shows that this cell population has been increasingly studied in GBM TME to understand its role in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Through the knowledge of its biology and protumoral function, the development of therapeutic strategies that employ their recruitment as well as the modulation of their immunological phenotype, and even the eradication of the cell population, can be harnessed for therapeutic benefit. This revision aims to summarize GBM TME and localization in tumor niches with special focus on TAM population, its origin and functions in tumor progression and resistance to conventional and experimental GBM treatments. Moreover, recent advances on the development of TAM cell targeting and new cellular therapeutic strategies based on monocyte/macrophages recruitment to eradicate GBM are discussed as complementary therapeutics.
Collapse
|
30
|
Knauer N, Meschaninova M, Muhammad S, Hänggi D, Majoral JP, Kahlert UD, Kozlov V, Apartsin EK. Effects of Dendrimer-microRNA Nanoformulations against Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030968. [PMID: 36986829 PMCID: PMC10056969 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a rapidly progressing tumor quite resistant to conventional treatment. These features are currently assigned to a self-sustaining population of glioblastoma stem cells. Anti-tumor stem cell therapy calls for a new means of treatment. In particular, microRNA-based treatment is a solution, which in turn requires specific carriers for intracellular delivery of functional oligonucleotides. Herein, we report a preclinical in vitro validation of antitumor activity of nanoformulations containing antitumor microRNA miR-34a and microRNA-21 synthetic inhibitor and polycationic phosphorus and carbosilane dendrimers. The testing was carried out in a panel of glioblastoma and glioma cell lines, glioblastoma stem-like cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. We have shown dendrimer-microRNA nanoformulations to induce cell death in a controllable manner, with cytotoxic effects being more pronounced in tumor cells than in non-tumor stem cells. Furthermore, nanoformulations affected the expression of proteins responsible for interactions between the tumor and its immune microenvironment: surface markers (PD-L1, TIM3, CD47) and IL-10. Our findings evidence the potential of dendrimer-based therapeutic constructions for the anti-tumor stem cell therapy worth further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Knauer
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mariya Meschaninova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Ulf Dietrich Kahlert
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular-, and Transplant-Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Kozlov
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny K. Apartsin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, 33600 Pessac, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Loss of p53 Concurrent with RAS and TERT Activation Induces Glioma Formation. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3452-3463. [PMID: 36867344 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03288-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate regarding whether gliomas originate due to functional or genetic changes in neural stem cells (NSCs). Genetic engineering has made it possible to use NSCs to establish glioma models with the pathological features of human tumors. Here, we found that RAS, TERT, and p53 mutations or abnormal expression were associated with the occurrence of glioma in the mouse tumor transplantation model. Moreover, EZH2 palmitoylation mediated by ZDHHC5 played a significant role in this malignant transformation. EZH2 palmitoylation activates H3K27me3, which in turn decreases miR-1275, increases glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and weakens the binding of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) to the OCT4 promoter region. Thus, these findings are significant because RAS, TERT, and p53 oncogenes in human neural stem cells are conducive to a fully malignant and rapid transformation, suggesting that gene changes and specific combinations of susceptible cell types are important factors in determining the occurrence of gliomas.
Collapse
|
32
|
Li J, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Yan X, Fan K. Transferrin receptor 1 targeted nanomedicine for brain tumor therapy. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:3394-3413. [PMID: 36847174 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02152h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Achieving effective drug delivery to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and target tumor cells remains the greatest challenge for brain tumor therapy. Importantly, the overexpressed membrane receptors on the brain endothelial cells, especially transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), which mediate their ligands/antibodies to overcome the BBB by transcytosis, have been emerging as promising targets for brain tumor therapy. By employing ligands (e.g., transferrin, H-ferritin), antibodies or targeting peptides of TfR1 or aptamers, various functional nano-formulations have been developed in the last decade. These agents showed great potential for the treatment of brain diseases due to their ideal size, high loading capacity, controlled drug release and suitable pharmacokinetics. Herein, we summarize the latest advances on TfR1-targeted nanomedicine for brain tumor therapy. Moreover, we also discuss the strategies of improving stability, targeting ability and accumulation of nano-formulations in brain tumors for better outcomes. In this review, we hope to provide inspiration for the rational design of TfR1-targeted nanomedicine against brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Li
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| | - Zixia Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| | - Baoli Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China. .,Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China. .,Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ge J, Zuo M, Wang Q, Li Z. Near-infrared light triggered in situ release of CO for enhanced therapy of glioblastoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:48. [PMID: 36759881 PMCID: PMC9912522 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) features high biocompatibility and high spatiotemporal selectivity, showing a great potential in glioblastoma (GBM) treatment. However, its application was restricted by the poor therapeutic efficacy and side effect. RESULTS In this study, a therapeutic nanoplatform (UCNPs@Ce6/3HBQ@CM) with combination of PDT and CO therapy was constructed, in which a photoCORM and a photosensitizer were loaded onto the surface of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) functioning as photon transducer. Benefitting from NIR excitation and multicolor emission of UCNPs, the penetration depth of excitation light is enhanced and meanwhile simultaneous generation of CO and ROS in tumor site can be achieved. The as-prepared nanocomposite possessed an elevated therapeutic efficiency with the assistance of CO through influencing mitochondrial respiration and depleting ATP, accompanying with the reduced inflammatory responses. By wrapping a homologous cell membrane, the nanocomposite can target GBM and accumulate in the tumor site, affording a powerful tool for precise and efficient treatment of GBM. CONCLUSION This therapeutic nanoplatform UCNPs@Ce6/3HBQ@CM, which combines PDT and CO therapy enables precise and efficient treatment of refractory glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ge
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022College of Health Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Miaomiao Zuo
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022College of Health Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Qirong Wang
- grid.34418.3a0000 0001 0727 9022College of Health Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Health Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Peng P, Chen ZR, Zhang XL, Guo DS, Zhang B, He XM, Wan F. Construction and Verification of an RNA-Binding Protein-Associated Prognostic Model for Gliomas. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:156-165. [PMID: 36867360 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct and verificate an RNA-binding protein (RBP)-associated prognostic model for gliomas using integrated bioinformatics analysis. METHODS RNA-sequencing and clinic pathological data of glioma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas database (CGGA) were downloaded. The aberrantly expressed RBPs were investigated between gliomas and normal samples in TCGA database. We then identified prognosis related hub genes and constructed a prognostic model. This model was further validated in the CGGA-693 and CGGA-325 cohorts. RESULTS Totally 174 differently expressed genes-encoded RBPs were identified, containing 85 down-regulated and 89 up-regulated genes. We identified five genes-encoded RBPs (ERI1, RPS2, BRCA1, NXT1, and TRIM21) as prognosis related key genes and constructed a prognostic model. Overall survival (OS) analysis revealed that the patients in the high-risk subgroup based on the model were worse than those in the low-risk subgroup. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of the prognostic model was 0.836 in the TCGA dataset and 0.708 in the CGGA-693 dataset, demonstrating a favorable prognostic model. Survival analyses of the five RBPs in the CGGA-325 cohort validated the findings. A nomogram was constructed based on the five genes and validated in the TCGA cohort, confirming a promising discriminating ability for gliomas. CONCLUSION The prognostic model of the five RBPs might serve as an independent prognostic algorithm for gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zi-Rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xi-Miao He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Reprogramming systemic and local immune function to empower immunotherapy against glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:435. [PMID: 36702831 PMCID: PMC9880004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited benefits of immunotherapy against glioblastoma (GBM) is closely related to the paucity of T cells in brain tumor bed. Both systemic and local immunosuppression contribute to the deficiency of tumor-infiltrating T cells. However, the current studies focus heavily on the local immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment but not on the co-existence of systemic immunosuppression. Here, we develop a nanostructure named Nano-reshaper to co-encapsulate lymphopenia alleviating agent cannabidiol and lymphocyte recruiting cytokine LIGHT. The results show that Nano-reshaper increases the number of systemic T cells and improves local T-cell recruitment condition, thus greatly increasing T-cell infiltration. When combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor, this therapeutic modality achieves 83.3% long-term survivors without recurrence in GBM models in male mice. Collectively, this work unveils that simultaneous reprogramming of systemic and local immune function is critical for T-cell based immunotherapy and provides a clinically translatable option for combating brain tumors.
Collapse
|
36
|
Li Y, Feng Y, Luo F, Peng G, Li Y. Positive regulators of T cell functions as predictors of prognosis and microenvironment characteristics of low-grade gliomas. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1089792. [PMID: 36726969 PMCID: PMC9885161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1089792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are one of the most prevalent types of brain cancers. The efficacy of immunotherapy in LGG is limited compared to other cancers. Immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of LGG is one of the main reasons for the low efficacy of immunotherapy. Recent studies have identified 33 positive regulators of T cell functions (TPRs) that play a critical role in promoting the proliferation, activity, and functions of multiple immunocytes. However, their role in the TME of LGG has not been investigated. This study aimed to construct a risk model based on these TPRs and to detect the significance of immunotypes in predicting LGG prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy. Methods A total of 688 LGGs and 202 normal brain tissues were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. The NMF R package was used to identify TRP-related subtypes. The TPR prognostic model was established using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm to predict the overall survival of LGG samples. Results The Subtype 2 patients had worse survival outcomes, suppressed immune function, and higher immune cell infiltration. A risk regression model consisting of 14 TPRs was established, and its performance was validated in CGGA325 cohorts. The low-risk group exhibited better overall survival, immune microenvironment, and immunotherapy response, as determined via the TIDE algorithm, indicating that increasing the level of immune infiltration can effectively improve the response to immunotherapy in the low-risk group. The risk score was determined to be an independent hazard factor (p<0.001) although other clinical features (age, sex, grade, IDH status, 1p19q codel status, MGMT status, and accepted radiotherapy) were considered. Lastly, high-risk groups in both cohorts revealed optimal drug responses to rapamycin, paclitaxel, JW-7-52-1, and bortezomib. Conclusions Our study identified two distinct TPR subtypes and built a TPR signature to elucidate the characteristics of T cell proliferation in LGG and its association with immune status and prognosis. These findings shed light on possible immunotherapeutic strategies for LGGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,PET-CT Center, Chenzhou First People’s Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yabo Feng
- PET-CT Center, Chenzhou First People’s Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Fushu Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yueran Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Yueran Li,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Luo M, Li Y, Peng B, White J, Mäkilä E, Tong WY, Jonathan Choi CH, Day B, Voelcker NH. A Multifunctional Porous Silicon Nanocarrier for Glioblastoma Treatment. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:545-560. [PMID: 36484477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) remains a major challenge because of the blood-brain barrier, chemotherapeutic resistance, and aggressive tumor metastasis. The development of advanced nanoplatforms that can efficiently deliver drugs and gene therapies across the BBB to the brain tumors is urgently needed. The protein "downregulated in renal cell carcinoma" (DRR) is one of the key drivers of GBM invasion. Here, we engineered porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) with antisense oligonucleotide (AON) for DRR gene knockdown as a targeted gene and drug delivery platform for GBM treatment. These AON-modified pSiNPs (AON@pSiNPs) were selectively internalized by GBM and human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) cells expressing Class A scavenger receptors (SR-A). AON was released from AON@pSiNPs, knocked down DRR and inhibited GBM cell migration. Additionally, a penetration study in a microfluidic-based BBB model and a biodistribution study in a glioma mice model showed that AON@pSiNPs could specifically cross the BBB and enter the brain. We further demonstrated that AON@pSiNPs could carry a large payload of the chemotherapy drug temozolomide (TMZ, 1.3 mg of TMZ per mg of NPs) and induce a significant cytotoxicity in GBM cells. On the basis of these results, the nanocarrier and its multifunctional strategy provide a strong potential for clinical treatment of GBM and research for targeted drug and gene delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Luo
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland4072, Australia.,Cell and Molecular Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Sid Faithfull Brain Cancer Laboratory, Brisbane, Queensland4006, Australia
| | - Yuchen Li
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Sid Faithfull Brain Cancer Laboratory, Brisbane, Queensland4006, Australia
| | - Bo Peng
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia.,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Jacinta White
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria3168, Australia
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Industrial Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku20014, Finland
| | - Wing Yin Tong
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia
| | - Chung Hang Jonathan Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Bryan Day
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Sid Faithfull Brain Cancer Laboratory, Brisbane, Queensland4006, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland4072, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland4059, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, 151 Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria3168, Australia.,Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 14 Alliance Lane, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ghosh A, Chakraborty D, Mukerjee N, Baishya D, Chigurupati S, Felemban SG, Almahmoud SA, Almikhlafi MA, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Aleya L, Behl T. Target-based virtual screening and molecular interaction studies for lead identification of natural olive compounds against glioblastoma multiforme. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:6170-6191. [PMID: 35994146 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme, a rare traumatic brain disorder, is at the research climax for its uncontrolled growth leading to a catastrophic outcome. Throwing light on the target-based virtual screening of drugs using natural phytocompounds is a striking cornerstone in glioblastoma-based drug discovery, accelerating with leaps and bounds. This project aims to develop promising lead compounds against glioblastoma brain cancer using OliveNet™, an open-source database. In this pursuit, our rationale for selecting molecules was based on their capability to pass through the blood-brain barrier. Out of 51 derivative molecules from flavonoids and polyphenols, 17 molecules were screened out bearing the best ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties, alongside fulfilling our rationale of lead selection. Two polyphenols, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid and 4-ethyl guaiacol, have binding affinity for the antioxidant flavonoid luteolin of -5.1 and -4.3 kcal/mol, respectively. According to docking studies, the residues ASN1960, ASN1966, ASN1960, PHE1984, TYR1896, VAL1911, and LYS1966 make both polar and nonpolar interactions with 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid and 4-ethylguanidine, respectively. LD50 values of toxicity screening using TOX Pro brought to limelight the excellent safety profile of polyphenols and flavonoids. Furthermore, studies using in silico cytotoxicity prediction and molecular modelling have decisively shown that these polyphenols are likely to be effective brain cancer inhibitors and promising future lead candidates against glioblastoma multiforme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Ghosh
- Microbiology Division, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dipanwita Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrat Baishya
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Ghazi Felemban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A Almahmoud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohannad A Almikhlafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besancon, France
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang D, Tian S, Liu Y, Zheng M, Yang X, Zou Y, Shi B, Luo L. Near infrared-activatable biomimetic nanogels enabling deep tumor drug penetration inhibit orthotopic glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6835. [PMID: 36369424 PMCID: PMC9652403 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most fatal malignancies due to the existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the difficulty to maintain an effective drug accumulation in deep GBM lesions. Here we present a biomimetic nanogel system that can be precisely activated by near infrared (NIR) irradiation to achieve BBB crossing and deep tumor penetration of drugs. Synthesized by crosslinking pullulan and poly(deca-4,6-diynedioic acid) (PDDA) and loaded with temozolomide and indocyanine green (ICG), the nanogels are inert to endogenous oxidative conditions but can be selectively disintegrated by ICG-generated reactive oxygen species upon NIR irradiation. Camouflaging the nanogels with apolipoprotein E peptide-decorated erythrocyte membrane further allows prolonged blood circulation and active tumor targeting. The precisely controlled NIR irradiation on tumor lesions excites ICG and deforms the cumulated nanogels to trigger burst drug release for facilitated BBB permeation and infiltration into distal tumor cells. These NIR-activatable biomimetic nanogels suppress the tumor growth in orthotopic GBM and GBM stem cells-bearing mouse models with significantly extended survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongya Zhang
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XHenan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, Henan China
| | - Sidan Tian
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XHenan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, Henan China
| | - Meng Zheng
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XHenan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, Henan China
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zou
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XHenan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, Henan China ,grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Bingyang Shi
- grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XHenan-Macquarie Uni Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004 Kaifeng, Henan China ,grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Liang Luo
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hedna R, Kovacic H, Pagano A, Peyrot V, Robin M, Devred F, Breuzard G. Tau Protein as Therapeutic Target for Cancer? Focus on Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5386. [PMID: 36358803 PMCID: PMC9653627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being extensively studied for several decades, the microtubule-associated protein Tau has not finished revealing its secrets. For long, Tau has been known for its ability to promote microtubule assembly. A less known feature of Tau is its capability to bind to cancer-related protein kinases, suggesting a possible role of Tau in modulating microtubule-independent cellular pathways that are associated with oncogenesis. With the intention of finding new therapeutic targets for cancer, it appears essential to examine the interaction of Tau with these kinases and their consequences. This review aims at collecting the literature data supporting the relationship between Tau and cancer with a particular focus on glioblastoma tumors in which the pathological significance of Tau remains largely unexplored. We will first treat this subject from a mechanistic point of view showing the pivotal role of Tau in oncogenic processes. Then, we will discuss the involvement of Tau in dysregulating critical pathways in glioblastoma. Finally, we will outline promising strategies to target Tau protein for the therapy of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Hedna
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Kovacic
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Alessandra Pagano
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Peyrot
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Robin
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR 7263, CNRS, IRD 237, Aix-Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - François Devred
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Breuzard
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), UMR 7051, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, 13005 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jovanović N, Lazarević M, Cvetković VJ, Nikolov V, Kostić Perić J, Ugrin M, Pavlović S, Mitrović T. The Significance of MGMT Promoter Methylation Status in Diffuse Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113034. [PMID: 36361838 PMCID: PMC9654114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A single-institution observational study with 43 newly diagnosed diffuse gliomas defined the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) gene mutation status and evaluated the prognostic relevance of the methylation status of the epigenetic marker O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Younger patients (<50 years) with surgically resected glioma and temozolomide (TMZ) adjuvant chemotherapy were associated with better prognosis, consistent with other studies. The methylation status depends on the chosen method and the cut-off value determination. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) established the methylation status for 36 glioma patients (19 (52.8%) positively methylated and 17 (47.2%) unmethylated) without relevancy for the overall survival (OS) (p = 0.33). On the other side, real-time methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) revealed 23 tumor samples (54%) that were positively methylated without association with OS (p = 0.15). A combined MSP analysis, which included the homogenous cohort of 24 patients (>50 years with surgical resection and IDH1/2-wildtype diffuse glioma), distinguished 10 (41.6%) methylated samples from 14 (58.4%) unmethylated samples. Finally, significant correlation between OS and methylation status was noticed (p ≈ 0.05). The OS of the hypermethylated group was 9.6 ± 1.77 months, whereas the OS of the unmethylated group was 5.43 ± 1.04 months. Our study recognized the MGMT promoter methylation status as a positive prognostic factor within the described homogenous cohort, although further verification in a larger population of diffuse gliomas is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Jovanović
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Milica Lazarević
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Vladimir J Cvetković
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Vesna Nikolov
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Neurosurgery, Clinical Center, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kostić Perić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Ugrin
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Pavlović
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Mitrović
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Helweg LP, Storm J, Witte KE, Schulten W, Wrachtrup L, Janotte T, Kitke A, Greiner JFW, Knabbe C, Kaltschmidt B, Simon M, Kaltschmidt C. Targeting Key Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma Stem Cells for the Development of Efficient Chemo- and Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12919. [PMID: 36361720 PMCID: PMC9659205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and most common malignant brain tumor with poor patient survival despite therapeutic intervention. On the cellular level, GBM comprises a rare population of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), driving therapeutic resistance, invasion, and recurrence. GSCs have thus come into the focus of therapeutic strategies, although their targeting remains challenging. In the present study, we took advantage of three GSCs-populations recently established in our lab to investigate key signaling pathways and subsequent therapeutic strategies targeting GSCs. We observed that NF-κB, a crucial transcription factor in GBM progression, was expressed in all CD44+/CD133+/Nestin+-GSC-populations. Exposure to TNFα led to activation of NF-κB-RELA and/or NF-κB-c-REL, depending on the GBM type. GSCs further expressed the proto-oncogene MYC family, with MYChigh GSCs being predominantly located in the tumor spheres ("GROW"-state) while NF-κB-RELAhigh GSCs were migrating out of the sphere ("GO"-state). We efficiently targeted GSCs by the pharmacologic inhibition of NF-κB using PTDC/Bortezomib or inhibition of MYC by KJ-Pyr-9, which significantly reduced GSC-viability, even in comparison to the standard chemotherapeutic drug temozolomide. As an additional cell-therapeutic strategy, we showed that NK cells could kill GSCs. Our findings offer new perspectives for developing efficient patient-specific chemo- and immunotherapy against GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laureen P. Helweg
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jonathan Storm
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kaya E. Witte
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Wiebke Schulten
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lennart Wrachtrup
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Till Janotte
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Angelika Kitke
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
- Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Institute for Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
- Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matthias Simon
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery and Epilepsy Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Medical School OWL at Bielefeld, Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, OWL (FBMB e.V.), Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bartusik-Aebisher D, Żołyniak A, Barnaś E, Machorowska-Pieniążek A, Oleś P, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D. The Use of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Brain Tumors-A Review of the Literature. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206847. [PMID: 36296440 PMCID: PMC9607067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of neoplastic disease of the brain is still a challenge for modern medicine. Therefore, advanced methodologies are needed that can rationally and successfully contribute to the early diagnosis of primary and metastatic tumors growing within the brain. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) seems to be a valuable method of treatment for precancerous and cancerous lesions including brain tumors. The main advantage of PDT is its high efficiency, minimal invasiveness and no serious side effects, compared with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This review was conducted through a comprehensive search of articles, scientific information databases and the websites of organizations dealing with cancer treatment. Key points from clinical trials conducted by other researchers are also discussed. The common databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Scopus, and Elsevier were used. Articles in the English language of reliable credibility were mainly analyzed. The type of publications considered included clinical and preclinical studies, systematic reviews, and case reports. Based on these collected materials, we see that scientists have already demonstrated the potential of PDT application in the field of brain tumors. Therefore, in this review, the treatment of neoplasm of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the most common tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), have been explored. In addition, an overview of the general principles of PDT, as well as the mechanism of action of the therapy as a therapeutic platform for brain tumors, is described. The research was carried out in June 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.B.-A.); (A.Ż.); (A.K.-K.)
| | - Aleksandra Żołyniak
- Students Biochemistry Science Club, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.B.-A.); (A.Ż.); (A.K.-K.)
| | - Edyta Barnaś
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Machorowska-Pieniążek
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 15 Poniatowskiego Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Oleś
- Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
- Correspondence: (D.B.-A.); (A.Ż.); (A.K.-K.)
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Verdugo E, Puerto I, Medina MÁ. An update on the molecular biology of glioblastoma, with clinical implications and progress in its treatment. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:1083-1111. [PMID: 36129048 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and common malignant primary brain tumor. Patients with GBM often have poor prognoses, with a median survival of ∼15 months. Enhanced understanding of the molecular biology of central nervous system tumors has led to modifications in their classifications, the most recent of which classified these tumors into new categories and made some changes in their nomenclature and grading system. This review aims to give a panoramic view of the last 3 years' findings in glioblastoma characterization, its heterogeneity, and current advances in its treatment. Several molecular parameters have been used to achieve an accurate and personalized characterization of glioblastoma in patients, including epigenetic, genetic, transcriptomic and metabolic features, as well as age- and sex-related patterns and the involvement of several noncoding RNAs in glioblastoma progression. Astrocyte-like neural stem cells and outer radial glial-like cells from the subventricular zone have been proposed as agents involved in GBM of IDH-wildtype origin, but this remains controversial. Glioblastoma metabolism is characterized by upregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, promotion of the glycolytic flux, maintenance of lipid storage, and other features. This metabolism also contributes to glioblastoma's resistance to conventional therapies. Tumor heterogeneity, a hallmark of GBM, has been shown to affect the genetic expression, modulation of metabolic pathways, and immune system evasion. GBM's aggressive invasion potential is modulated by cell-to-cell crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment and altered expressions of specific genes, such as ANXA2, GBP2, FN1, PHIP, and GLUT3. Nevertheless, the rising number of active clinical trials illustrates the efforts to identify new targets and drugs to treat this malignancy. Immunotherapy is still relevant for research purposes, given the amount of ongoing clinical trials based on this strategy to treat GBM, and neoantigen and nucleic acid-based vaccines are gaining importance due to their antitumoral activity by inducing the immune response. Furthermore, there are clinical trials focused on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis, angiogenesis, and tumor heterogeneity for developing molecular-targeted therapies against GBM. Other strategies, such as nanodelivery and computational models, may improve the drug pharmacokinetics and the prognosis of patients with GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Verdugo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
| | - Iker Puerto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Málaga, Málaga, E-29071, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand), Málaga, Málaga, E-29071, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Center for Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Málaga, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Luo M, Lee LKC, Peng B, Choi CHJ, Tong WY, Voelcker NH. Delivering the Promise of Gene Therapy with Nanomedicines in Treating Central Nervous System Diseases. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201740. [PMID: 35851766 PMCID: PMC9475540 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases, such as Alzheimer's diseases (AD), Parkinson's Diseases (PD), brain tumors, Huntington's disease (HD), and stroke, still remain difficult to treat by the conventional molecular drugs. In recent years, various gene therapies have come into the spotlight as versatile therapeutics providing the potential to prevent and treat these diseases. Despite the significant progress that has undoubtedly been achieved in terms of the design and modification of genetic modulators with desired potency and minimized unwanted immune responses, the efficient and safe in vivo delivery of gene therapies still poses major translational challenges. Various non-viral nanomedicines have been recently explored to circumvent this limitation. In this review, an overview of gene therapies for CNS diseases is provided and describes recent advances in the development of nanomedicines, including their unique characteristics, chemical modifications, bioconjugations, and the specific applications that those nanomedicines are harnessed to deliver gene therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Luo
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnologythe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
| | - Leo Kit Cheung Lee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong
| | - Bo Peng
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical materials & EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Chung Hang Jonathan Choi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong
| | - Wing Yin Tong
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)ClaytonVIC3168Australia
- Melbourne Centre for NanofabricationVictorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility151 Wellington RoadClaytonVIC3168Australia
- Materials Science and EngineeringMonash University14 Alliance LaneClaytonVIC3800Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang Z, Zhang M, Chi S, Zhu M, Wang C, Liu Z. Brain Tumor Cell Membrane-Coated Lanthanide-Doped Nanoparticles for NIR-IIb Luminescence Imaging and Surgical Navigation of Glioma. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200521. [PMID: 35686736 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intraoperative visualization of the full extent of brain tumor by luminescence imaging helps to improve the degree and accuracy of brain tumor resection, thereby prolonging the survival of patients. However, the limited imaging depth and spatial resolution and the poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of most currently available luminescent probes restrict the imaging performance and surgical resection efficiency of brain tumor. Here, a brain tumor cell membrane-coated lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (CC-LnNPs) in the near-infrared-IIb window (NIR-IIb, 1500-1700 nm) is designed for brain tumor imaging and surgical navigation. The coating of brain tumor cell membrane endows CC-LnNPs with immune escape, BBB crossing, and homotypic targeting abilities, which are inherited from the source brain tumor cells. In addition, compared with clinically approved imaging agent indocyanine green, CC-LnNPs present higher temporal and spatial resolution, higher stability, and lower background signals, enabling clear visualization of the brain tumor boundary. With the guidance of NIR-IIb fluorescence, the glioma tissue (size < 3 mm, depth > 3 mm) could be clearly visualized and completely removed as a proof of concept. This study offers new insight for the future design of nanoprobe to image brain tumor and to achieve precise diagnosis and surgical navigation of brain tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Chi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Zhu
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Expression and Prognostic Value of Melanoma-Associated Antigen D2 in Gliomas. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12080986. [PMID: 35892426 PMCID: PMC9330880 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12080986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The melanoma-associated antigen D2 (MAGED2) is one of the melanoma-associated antigen family members. It is commonly overexpressed in a variety of malignancies. However, the mechanism and function of MAGED2 in glioma remain unknown. Methods: The MAGED2 expression level and the correlations between clinical characteristics were analyzed with the data from the CGGA and TCGA datasets. MAGED2 expression in 98 glioma tissues was measured using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. CCK-8, colony formation, and EdU assays were used to assess the effect of MAGED2 on U251-MG cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to track changes in the cell cycle and cell apoptosis following plasmid transfection with CRISPRi. Results: MAGED2 was shown to be highly expressed in glioma tissues, and high MAGED2 expression predicted poor prognosis. Furthermore, MAGED2 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation of U251-MG cells by preventing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and triggering apoptosis. In line with in vitro findings, the results of the xenograft experiment and immunohistochemistry also showed that MAGED2 suppression inhibited tumor development and decreased Ki-67 expression levels. Conclusions: MAGED2 may be a possible biomarker for glioma and an important prognostic factor for glioma patients.
Collapse
|
48
|
El Khayari A, Bouchmaa N, Taib B, Wei Z, Zeng A, El Fatimy R. Metabolic Rewiring in Glioblastoma Cancer: EGFR, IDH and Beyond. Front Oncol 2022; 12:901951. [PMID: 35912242 PMCID: PMC9329787 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.901951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly invasive and incurable tumor, is the humans’ foremost, commonest, and deadliest brain cancer. As in other cancers, distinct combinations of genetic alterations (GA) in GBM induce a diversity of metabolic phenotypes resulting in enhanced malignancy and altered sensitivity to current therapies. Furthermore, GA as a hallmark of cancer, dysregulated cell metabolism in GBM has been recently linked to the acquired GA. Indeed, Numerous point mutations and copy number variations have been shown to drive glioma cells’ metabolic state, affecting tumor growth and patient outcomes. Among the most common, IDH mutations, EGFR amplification, mutation, PTEN loss, and MGMT promoter mutation have emerged as key patterns associated with upregulated glycolysis and OXPHOS glutamine addiction and altered lipid metabolism in GBM. Therefore, current Advances in cancer genetic and metabolic profiling have yielded mechanistic insights into the metabolism rewiring of GBM and provided potential avenues for improved therapeutic modalities. Accordingly, actionable metabolic dependencies are currently used to design new treatments for patients with glioblastoma. Herein, we capture the current knowledge of genetic alterations in GBM, provide a detailed understanding of the alterations in metabolic pathways, and discuss their relevance in GBM therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif El Khayari
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Najat Bouchmaa
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Taib
- Institute of Sport Professions (IMS), Ibn Tofail University, Avenida de l’Université, Kenitra, Morocco
- Research Unit on Metabolism, Physiology and Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ailiang Zeng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rachid El Fatimy
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben-Guerir, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Rachid El Fatimy,
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Aisa A, Tan Y, Li X, Zhang D, Shi Y, Yuan Y. Comprehensive Analysis of the Brain-Expressed X-Link Protein Family in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Oncol 2022; 12:911942. [PMID: 35860560 PMCID: PMC9289282 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.911942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common, malignant, and deadly primary brain tumor in adults. Brain-expressed X-link (BEX) protein family is involved in tumorigenesis. Here, we have explored the biological function and the prognostic value of the BEX family in GBM. Differentially expressed BEX genes between GBM and normal tissue were screened by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified the prognosis‐related genes BEX1, BEX2, and BEX4, which were involved in the regulation of immune response. The results of correlation analysis and protein–protein interaction network (PPI network) showed that there was a significant correlation between the BEX family and TCEAL family in GBM. Furthermore, the expression of transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like (TCEAL) family is generally decreased in GBM and related to poor prognosis. With the use of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression, a prognostic model including the BEX family and TCEAL family was built to accurately predict the likelihood of overall survival (OS) in GBM patients. Therefore, we demonstrated that the BEX family and TCEAL family possessed great potential as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in GBM. Further investigations in large‐scale, multicenter, and prospective clinical cohorts are needed to confirm the prognostic model developed in our study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adilai Aisa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinuo Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Yuan,
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Li S, Guo F, Wang X, Zeng J, Hong J. Timing of radiotherapy in glioblastoma based on IMRT and STUPP chemo-radiation: may be no need to rush. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:2146-2154. [PMID: 35753023 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of surgery to radiotherapy interval (SRI) on the prognosis of patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma. METHODS Retrospective analysis of the relationship between SRI and prognosis of patients with IDH wild-type glioblastoma who received postoperative intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in our center from July 2013 to July 2019. The patients were divided into SRI ≤ 42 days (regular group) and SRI > 42 days (delay group). Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazard model were used to analyze whether SRI was an independent factor influencing the prognosis. RESULTS A total of 102 IDH wild-type glioblastoma were enrolled. Median follow-up was 35.9 months. The 1-, 2- and 3-year OS of "regular group" were 69.5%, 34.8%, 19.1%, and "delay group" were 69.8%, 26.1% and 13.4% respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that extent of resection (p = 0.041) was an independent prognostic factor for OS. SRI (p = 0.347), gender (p = 0.159), age (p = 0. 921), maximum diameter (p = 0.637) MGMT promoter methylation status (P = 0.630) and ki-67 expression (P = 0.974) had no effect on OS. Univariate analysis (p = 0.483) and multivariate analysis (p = 0.373) also showed that SRI had no effect on OS in glioblastoma who received gross total resection. CONCLUSION Appropriate extension in SRI has no negative effect on the OS of IDH wild-type glioblastoma. It is suggested that radiotherapy should be started after a good recovery from surgery. This conclusion needs further confirmed by long-term follow-up of a large sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feibao Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jiang Zeng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No.20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|