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Zhang X, Liu D, Liu S, Cai Y, Shan L, Chen C, Chen H, Liu Y, Guo T, Chen H. Toward Intelligent Display with Neuromorphic Technology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401821. [PMID: 38567884 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In the era of the Internet and the Internet of Things, display technology has evolved significantly toward full-scene display and realistic display. Incorporating "intelligence" into displays is a crucial technical approach to meet the demands of this development. Traditional display technology relies on distributed hardware systems to achieve intelligent displays but encounters challenges stemming from the physical separation of sensing, processing, and light-emitting modules. The high energy consumption and data transformation delays limited the development of intelligence display, breaking the physical separation is crucial to overcoming the bottlenecks of intelligence display technology. Inspired by the biological neural system, neuromorphic technology with all-in-one features is widely employed across various fields. It proves effective in reducing system power consumption, facilitating frequent data transformation, and enabling cross-scene integration. Neuromorphic technology shows great potential to overcome display technology bottlenecks, realizing the full-scene display and realistic display with high efficiency and low power consumption. This review offers a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in the application of neuromorphic technology in displays, with a focus on interoperability. This work delves into its state-of-the-art designs and potential future developments aimed at revolutionizing display technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Zhang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350100, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350100, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350100, China
| | - Yongjie Cai
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350100, China
| | - Liuting Shan
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350100, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350100, China
| | - Huimei Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350100, China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- School of Electronics and Information, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Tailiang Guo
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350100, China
| | - Huipeng Chen
- Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Science and Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350100, China
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Biswas S, Jang H, Lee Y, Choi H, Kim Y, Kim H, Zhu Y. Recent advancements in implantable neural links based on organic synaptic transistors. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20220150. [PMID: 38855618 PMCID: PMC11022612 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The progress of brain synaptic devices has witnessed an era of rapid and explosive growth. Because of their integrated storage, excellent plasticity and parallel computing, and system information processing abilities, various field effect transistors have been used to replicate the synapses of a human brain. Organic semiconductors are characterized by simplicity of processing, mechanical flexibility, low cost, biocompatibility, and flexibility, making them the most promising materials for implanted brain synaptic bioelectronics. Despite being used in numerous intelligent integrated circuits and implantable neural linkages with multiple terminals, organic synaptic transistors still face many obstacles that must be overcome to advance their development. A comprehensive review would be an excellent tool in this respect. Therefore, the latest advancements in implantable neural links based on organic synaptic transistors are outlined. First, the distinction between conventional and synaptic transistors are highlighted. Next, the existing implanted organic synaptic transistors and their applicability to the brain as a neural link are summarized. Finally, the potential research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Biswas
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyo‐won Jang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yongju Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hyojeong Choi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yoon Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4)University of SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Central Business, SENSOMEDICheongju‐siRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Sensor System, SENSOMEDICheongjuRepublic of Korea
- Energy FlexSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Zhang J, Wei S, Liu C, Shang C, He Z, Duan Y, Peng Z. Porous nanocomposites with enhanced intrinsic piezoresistive sensitivity for bioinspired multimodal tactile sensors. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:19. [PMID: 38283382 PMCID: PMC10811241 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we propose porous fluororubber/thermoplastic urethane nanocomposites (PFTNs) and explore their intrinsic piezoresistive sensitivity to pressure. Our experiments reveal that the intrinsic sensitivity of the PFTN-based sensor to pressure up to 10 kPa increases up to 900% compared to the porous thermoplastic urethane nanocomposite (PTN) counterpart and up to 275% compared to the porous fluororubber nanocomposite (PFN) counterpart. For pressures exceeding 10 kPa, the resistance-pressure relationship of PFTN follows a logarithmic function, and the sensitivity is 221% and 125% higher than that of PTN and PFN, respectively. With the excellent intrinsic sensitivity of the thick PFTN film, a single sensing unit with integrated electrode design can imitate human skin for touch detection, pressure perception and traction sensation. The sensing range of our multimodal tactile sensor reaches ~150 Pa, and it exhibits a linear fit over 97% for both normal pressure and shear force. We also demonstrate that an electronic skin, made of an array of sensing units, is capable of accurately recognizing complex tactile interactions including pinch, spread, and tweak motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Song Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Caichao Liu
- Linksense Technology Ltd., 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Chao Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Yu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Zhengchun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration (Shenzhen University), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
- Linksense Technology Ltd., 518060 Shenzhen, Guangdong Province P. R. China
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Karmakar RS, Huang JF, Chu CP, Mai MH, Chao JI, Liao YC, Lu YW. Origami-Inspired Conductive Paper-Based Folded Pressure Sensor with Interconnection Scaling at the Crease for Novel Wearable Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4231-4241. [PMID: 38151015 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Drawing inspiration from origami structures, a pressure sensor was developed with unique interconnection scaling at its creases crafted on a conductive paper substrate, paving the way for advanced wearable technology. Two screen-printed conductive paper substrates were combined face-to-face, and specific folds were introduced to optimize the sensor structure. The Electrical Contact Resistance (ECR) was systematically analyzed across different fold numbers and crease gaps, revealing a notable trade-off: while increasing the number of folds expanded the sensing area, it also influenced the ECR, reaching a performance plateau. Strategic modifications in the sensor's design, including refining interconnections at the crease, enhanced its sensitivity and stability, culminating in a remarkable sensitivity of 3.75 kPa-1 at subtle pressure levels (0-0.05 kPa). This sensor's real-world applications proved to be transformative, from detecting bruxism and aiding in neck posture correction to remotely sensing trigger finger locking phenomena, highlighting its potential as a pivotal tool in upcoming medical diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Subhra Karmakar
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Fong Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pei Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Mai
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jui-I Chao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Lu
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Yuan X, Shi J, Kang Y, Dong J, Pei Z, Ji X. Piezoelectricity, Pyroelectricity, and Ferroelectricity in Biomaterials and Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308726. [PMID: 37842855 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric materials are considered unique biomedical materials due to their dielectric crystals and asymmetric centers that allow them to directly convert various primary forms of energy in the environment, such as sunlight, mechanical energy, and thermal energy, into secondary energy, such as electricity and chemical energy. These materials possess exceptional energy conversion ability and excellent catalytic properties, which have led to their widespread usage within biomedical fields. Numerous biomedical applications have demonstrated great potential with these materials, including disease treatment, biosensors, and tissue engineering. For example, piezoelectric materials are used to stimulate cell growth in bone regeneration, while pyroelectric materials are applied in skin cancer detection and imaging. Ferroelectric materials have even found use in neural implants that record and stimulate electrical activity in the brain. This paper reviews the relationship between ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric effects and the fundamental principles of different catalytic reactions. It also highlights the preparation methods of these three materials and the significant progress made in their biomedical applications. The review concludes by presenting key challenges and future prospects for efficient catalysts based on piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yuan
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiacheng Shi
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yong Kang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jinrui Dong
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhengcun Pei
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ji
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Makers, Medical College, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
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Li J, Lei Y, Wang Z, Meng H, Zhang W, Li M, Tan Q, Li Z, Guo W, Wen S, Zhang J. High-Density Artificial Synapse Array Consisting of Homogeneous Electrolyte-Gated Transistors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305430. [PMID: 38018350 PMCID: PMC10797465 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The artificial synapse array with an electrolyte-gated transistor (EGT) as an array unit presents considerable potential for neuromorphic computation. However, the integration of EGTs faces the drawback of the conflict between the polymer electrolytes and photo-lithography. This study presents a scheme based on a lateral-gate structure to realize high-density integration of EGTs and proposes the integration of 100 × 100 EGTs into a 2.5 × 2.5 cm2 glass, with a unit density of up to 1600 devices cm-2 . Furthermore, an electrolyte framework is developed to enhance the array performance, with ionic conductivity of up to 2.87 × 10-3 S cm-1 owing to the porosity of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-67. The artificial synapse array realizes image processing functions, and exhibits high performance and homogeneity. The handwriting recognition accuracy of a representative device reaches 92.80%, with the standard deviation of all the devices being limited to 9.69%. The integrated array and its high performance demonstrate the feasibility of the scheme and provide a solid reference for the integration of EGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- School of Material Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityJiadingShanghai201800P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System ApplicationsMinistry of EducationShanghai UniversityShanghai200072P. R. China
- School of MicroelectronicsShanghai UniversityJiadingShanghai201800P. R. China
| | - Yuxing Lei
- School of Material Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityJiadingShanghai201800P. R. China
| | - Zexin Wang
- School of Material Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityJiadingShanghai201800P. R. China
| | - Hu Meng
- Central Research InstituteBOE Technology Group Company, Ltd.Beijing100176P. R. China
| | - Wenkui Zhang
- School of MicroelectronicsShanghai UniversityJiadingShanghai201800P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Li
- School of MicroelectronicsShanghai UniversityJiadingShanghai201800P. R. China
| | - Qiuyun Tan
- Central Research InstituteBOE Technology Group Company, Ltd.Beijing100176P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Li
- Central Research InstituteBOE Technology Group Company, Ltd.Beijing100176P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Central Research InstituteBOE Technology Group Company, Ltd.Beijing100176P. R. China
| | - Shengkai Wen
- School of Material Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityJiadingShanghai201800P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System ApplicationsMinistry of EducationShanghai UniversityShanghai200072P. R. China
- School of MicroelectronicsShanghai UniversityJiadingShanghai201800P. R. China
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Kweon H, Kim JS, Kim S, Kang H, Kim DJ, Choi H, Roe DG, Choi YJ, Lee SG, Cho JH, Kim DH. Ion trap and release dynamics enables nonintrusive tactile augmentation in monolithic sensory neuron. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi3827. [PMID: 37851813 PMCID: PMC10584339 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
An iontronic-based artificial tactile nerve is a promising technology for emulating the tactile recognition and learning of human skin with low power consumption. However, its weak tactile memory and complex integration structure remain challenging. We present an ion trap and release dynamics (iTRD)-driven, neuro-inspired monolithic artificial tactile neuron (NeuroMAT) that can achieve tactile perception and memory consolidation in a single device. Through the tactile-driven release of ions initially trapped within iTRD-iongel, NeuroMAT only generates nonintrusive synaptic memory signals when mechanical stress is applied under voltage stimulation. The induced tactile memory is augmented by auxiliary voltage pulses independent of tactile sensing signals. We integrate NeuroMAT with an anthropomorphic robotic hand system to imitate memory-based human motion; the robust tactile memory of NeuroMAT enables the hand to consistently perform reliable gripping motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukmin Kweon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongchan Kim
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Haisu Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbin Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gue Roe
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Geol Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Clean-Energy Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Kim H, Oh S, Choo H, Kang DH, Park JH. Tactile Neuromorphic System: Convergence of Triboelectric Polymer Sensor and Ferroelectric Polymer Synapse. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17332-17341. [PMID: 37611149 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Sensory neuromorphic systems are a promising technology, because they can replicate the way the human peripheral nervous system processes signals from the five sensory organs. Despite this potential, there are limited studies on how to implement these systems on a hardware neural network platform. In our research, we propose a tactile neuromorphic system that uses a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based triboelectric sensor and a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoro ethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) heterostructure-based ferroelectric synapse. The triboelectric sensor mimics a human tactile organ by converting tactile stimuli into electrical signals in real time. The ferroelectric synapse we developed demonstrates exceptional long-term potentiation/depression characteristics with a maximum dynamic range of 78 and a symmetrical value of 4.7. To assess the practicality of our proposed system, we conducted training and recognition simulations using Morse code alphabets and MNIST handwritten digits. The maximum recognition rate that we achieved was 96.17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongjun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Seyong Oh
- Division of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Hyongsuk Choo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Kang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, South Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16417, Korea
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Chen D, Zhi X, Xia Y, Li S, Xi B, Zhao C, Wang X. A Digital-Analog Bimodal Memristor Based on CsPbBr 3 for Tactile Sensory Neuromorphic Computing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301196. [PMID: 37066710 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Memristor with digital and analog bipolar bimodal resistive switching offers a promising opportunity for the information-processing component. However, it still remains a huge challenge that the memristor enables bimodal digital and analog types and fabrication of artificial sensory neural network system. Here, a proposed CsPbBr3 -based memristor demonstrates a high ON/OFF ratio (>103 ), long retention (>104 s), stable endurance (100 cycles), and multilevel resistance memory, which acts as an artificial synapse to realize fundamental biological synaptic functions and neuromorphic computing based on controllable resistance modulation. Moreover, a 5 × 5 spinosum-structured piezoresistive sensor array (sensitivity of 22.4 kPa-1 , durability of 1.5 × 104 cycles, and fast response time of 2.43 ms) is constructed as a tactile sensory receptor to transform mechanical stimuli into electrical signals, which can be further processed by the CsPbBr3 -based memristor with synaptic plasticity. More importantly, this artificial sensory neural network system combined the artificial synapse with 5 × 5 tactile sensing array based on piezoresistive sensors can recognize the handwritten patterns of different letters with high accuracy of 94.44% under assistance of supervised learning. Consequently, the digital-analog bimodal memristor would demonstrate potential application in human-machine interaction, prosthetics, and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delu Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xinrong Zhi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Xia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Shuhan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Benbo Xi
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Chun Zhao
- School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
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Kim T, Yun KS. Photonic synaptic transistors with new electron trapping layer for high performance and ultra-low power consumption. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12583. [PMID: 37537256 PMCID: PMC10400596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photonic synaptic transistors are being investigated for their potential applications in neuromorphic computing and artificial vision systems. Recently, a method for establishing a synaptic effect by preventing the recombination of electron-hole pairs by forming an energy barrier with a double-layer consisting of a channel and a light absorption layer has shown effective results. We report a triple-layer device created by coating a novel electron-trapping layer between the light-absorption layer and the gate-insulating layer. Compared to the conventional double-layer photonic synaptic structure, our triple-layer device significantly reduces the recombination rate, resulting in improved performance in terms of the output photocurrent and memory characteristics. Furthermore, our photonic synaptic transistor possesses excellent synaptic properties, such as paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), short-term potentiation (STP), and long-term potentiation (LTP), and demonstrates a good response to a low operating voltage of - 0.1 mV. The low power consumption experiment shows a very low energy consumption of 0.01375 fJ per spike. These findings suggest a way to improve the performance of future neuromorphic devices and artificial vision systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Kwang-Seok Yun
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107, Korea.
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Cai Y, Chen R, Gao S, Li W, Liu Y, Su G, Song M, Jiang M, Jiang C, Zhang X. Artificial intelligence applied in neoantigen identification facilitates personalized cancer immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1054231. [PMID: 36698417 PMCID: PMC9868469 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1054231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of cancer neoantigen investigation has developed swiftly in the past decade. Predicting novel and true neoantigens derived from large multi-omics data became difficult but critical challenges. The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Machine Learning (ML) in biomedicine application has brought benefits to strengthen the current computational pipeline for neoantigen prediction. ML algorithms offer powerful tools to recognize the multidimensional nature of the omics data and therefore extract the key neoantigen features enabling a successful discovery of new neoantigens. The present review aims to outline the significant technology progress of machine learning approaches, especially the newly deep learning tools and pipelines, that were recently applied in neoantigen prediction. In this review article, we summarize the current state-of-the-art tools developed to predict neoantigens. The standard workflow includes calling genetic variants in paired tumor and blood samples, and rating the binding affinity between mutated peptide, MHC (I and II) and T cell receptor (TCR), followed by characterizing the immunogenicity of tumor epitopes. More specifically, we highlight the outstanding feature extraction tools and multi-layer neural network architectures in typical ML models. It is noted that more integrated neoantigen-predicting pipelines are constructed with hybrid or combined ML algorithms instead of conventional machine learning models. In addition, the trends and challenges in further optimizing and integrating the existing pipelines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuru Liu
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guodong Su
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingming Song
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengju Jiang
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Chao Jiang, ; Xi Zhang,
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Chao Jiang, ; Xi Zhang,
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12
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Kumar M, Seo H. Adaptive Memory and In Materia Reinforcement Learning Enabled by Flexoelectric-like Response from Ultrathin HfO 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54876-54884. [PMID: 36450008 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reinforcement learning (RL) is a mathematical framework of neural learning by trial and error that revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence. However, until now, RL has been implemented in algorithms with the compatibly of traditional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-based von Neumann digital platforms, which thus limits performance in terms of latency, fault tolerance, and robustness. Here, we demonstrate that nanocolumnar (∼12 nm) HfO2 structures can be used as building blocks to conduct the RL within the material by combining its stress-adjustable charge transport and memory functions. Specifically, HfO2 nanostructures grown by the sputtering method exhibit self-assembled vertical nanocolumnar structures that generate voltage depending on the impact of stress under self-biased conditions. The observed results are attributed to the flexoelectric-like response of HfO2. Further, multilevel current (>10-3 A) modulation with touch and controlled suspension (∼10-12 A) with a short electric pulse (100 ms) were demonstrated, yielding a proof-of-concept memory with an on/off ratio greater than 109. Utilizing multipattern dynamic memory and tactile sensing, RL was implemented to successfully solve a maze game using an array of 6 × 4. This work could pave the way to do RL within materials for a variety of applications such as memory storage, neuromorphic sensors, smart robots, and human-machine interaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtak Seo
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
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13
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Wei X, Wang B, Wu Z, Wang ZL. An Open-Environment Tactile Sensing System: Toward Simple and Efficient Material Identification. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203073. [PMID: 35578973 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Robotic perception can have simple and effective sensing functions that are unreachable for humans using only the isolated tactile perception method, with the assistance of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). However, the reliability of triboelectric sensors remains a major challenge due to the inherent environmental limitations. Here, an intelligent tactile sensing system that combines a TENG and deep-learning technology is proposed. Using a triboelectric triple tactile sensor array, typical characteristics of each testing material can be maintained stably even under different contact conditions (touch conditions and external environmental conditions) by extracting features from three independent electrical signals as well as the normalized output signals. Furthermore, a convolutional neural network model is integrated, and a high accuracy of 96.62% is achieved in a material identification task. The tactile sensing system is exhibited to an open environment for material identification and the real-time demonstration. Compared to the complex process that humans must integrate multiple sensing (touching and viewing) to accomplish tactile perception, the proposed sensing system shows a huge advantage in cognitive learning for the visually impaired, biomimetic prosthetics, and virtual spaces construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Wei
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Wu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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14
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Liu F, Deswal S, Christou A, Sandamirskaya Y, Kaboli M, Dahiya R. Neuro-inspired electronic skin for robots. Sci Robot 2022; 7:eabl7344. [PMID: 35675450 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abl7344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Touch is a complex sensing modality owing to large number of receptors (mechano, thermal, pain) nonuniformly embedded in the soft skin all over the body. These receptors can gather and encode the large tactile data, allowing us to feel and perceive the real world. This efficient somatosensation far outperforms the touch-sensing capability of most of the state-of-the-art robots today and suggests the need for neural-like hardware for electronic skin (e-skin). This could be attained through either innovative schemes for developing distributed electronics or repurposing the neuromorphic circuits developed for other sensory modalities such as vision and audio. This Review highlights the hardware implementations of various computational building blocks for e-skin and the ways they can be integrated to potentially realize human skin-like or peripheral nervous system-like functionalities. The neural-like sensing and data processing are discussed along with various algorithms and hardware architectures. The integration of ultrathin neuromorphic chips for local computation and the printed electronics on soft substrate used for the development of e-skin over large areas are expected to advance robotic interaction as well as open new avenues for research in medical instrumentation, wearables, electronics, and neuroprosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Liu
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - Sweety Deswal
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - Adamos Christou
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Mohsen Kaboli
- Department of Research, New Technologies, Innovation, BMW Group, Parkring 19, 85748 Garching bei Munchen, Germany.,Cognitive Robotics and Tactile Intelligence Group, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ravinder Dahiya
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
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15
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Cao Y, Chen B, Zhong H, Pei L, Liu G, Xu Z, Shen J, Ye M. Ti 2C 3T x/Polyurethane Constructed by Gas-Liquid Interface Self-Assembly for Underwater Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24659-24667. [PMID: 35584532 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, multifunctional, easily prepared, and highly sensitive flexible sensors have attracted extensive attention and are gradually used in various scenarios. Here, we report the design of the Ti2C3Tx/polyurethane composites prepared by a facile gas-liquid interface self-assembly. The obtained flexible sensor has a wide detection range (∼900%), a low-stress detection limit (<1%), a high sensitivity (GF = 1.3, strain from 0 to 100%), and a fast response time (<140 ms). The multifunctional stress sensor can be applied to not only wearable motion monitoring and detection of various signals but also the detection of underwater human motion, as well as different motion states and swimming frequencies of toy fish in water, demonstrating its great prospects in a variety of applications, such as human movement monitoring and marine biological detection and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Cao
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Zhong
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Pei
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guanglei Liu
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhenglong Xu
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Mingxin Ye
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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16
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Lee J, Kim S, Park S, Lee J, Hwang W, Cho SW, Lee K, Kim SM, Seong TY, Park C, Lee S, Yi H. An Artificial Tactile Neuron Enabling Spiking Representation of Stiffness and Disease Diagnosis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201608. [PMID: 35436369 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of biological systems provide useful information about the biochemical status of cells and tissues. Here, an artificial tactile neuron enabling spiking representation of stiffness and spiking neural network (SNN)-based learning for disease diagnosis is reported. An artificial spiking tactile neuron based on an ovonic threshold switch serving as an artificial soma and a piezoresistive sensor as an artificial mechanoreceptor is developed and shown to encode the elastic stiffness of pressed materials into spike frequency evolution patterns. SNN-based learning of ultrasound elastography images abstracted by spike frequency evolution rate enables the classification of malignancy status of breast tumors with a recognition accuracy up to 95.8%. The stiffness-encoding artificial tactile neuron and learning of spiking-represented stiffness patterns hold a great promise for the identification and classification of tumors for disease diagnosis and robot-assisted surgery with low power consumption, low latency, and yet high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseok Lee
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- YU-KIST, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonjeong Kim
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Park
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesang Lee
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseop Hwang
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Won Cho
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yeon Seong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Park
- YU-KIST, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoun Lee
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano & Information Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34316, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Yi
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- YU-KIST, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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17
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Luo Y, Xiao X, Chen J, Li Q, Fu H. Machine-Learning-Assisted Recognition on Bioinspired Soft Sensor Arrays. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6734-6743. [PMID: 35324147 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft interfaces with self-sensing capabilities play an essential role in environment awareness and reaction. The growing overlap between materials and sensory systems has created a myriad of challenges for sensor integration, including the design of a multimodal sensory, simplified system design capable of high spatiotemporal sensing resolution and efficient processing methods. Here we report a bioinspired soft sensor array (BOSSA) that integrates pressure and material sensing capabilities based on the triboelectric effect. Cascaded row + column electrodes embedded in low-modulus porous silicone rubber allow rich information to be captured from the environment and further analyzed by data-driven algorithms (multilayer perceptrons) to extract higher level features. BOSSA demonstrates the ability to identify 10 users (98.9%) and identify the placement or extraction of 10 objects (98.6%). Moreover, its scalable fabrication facilitates large-area sensor arrays with high spatiotemporal resolution and multimodal sensing abilities yet with a less complex system architecture. These features may be promising in the development of immersive sensing networks for intelligent monitoring and stimuli response in smart home/industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School and Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qian Li
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongyan Fu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School and Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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18
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Liu L, Xu W, Ni Y, Xu Z, Cui B, Liu J, Wei H, Xu W. Stretchable Neuromorphic Transistor That Combines Multisensing and Information Processing for Epidermal Gesture Recognition. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2282-2291. [PMID: 35083912 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated a nanowire-channel intrinsically stretchable neuromorphic transistor (NISNT) that perceives both tactile and visual information and emulates neuromorphic processing capabilities. The device demonstrated excellent stretching endurance of 1000 stretch cycles while retaining stable electrical properties. The device was then applied as a multisensitive afferent nerve that processes information in parallel. Compatible with skin deformation, the devices are attached to fingers to serve as conformal strain sensors and neuromorphic information-processing units for gesture recognition. The excitatory postsynaptic current in each device represents shape changes and is then analyzed using softmax activation processing of the neural network to recognize gestures. A multistage neural network that uses NISNT was used to further confirm the gestures. This work demonstrated an idea toward multisensory artificial nerves and neuromorphic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinNankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinNankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yao Ni
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinNankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinNankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Cui
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinNankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinNankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Wei
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinNankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of TianjinNankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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19
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Kim Y, Lee K, Lee J, Jang S, Kim H, Lee H, Lee SW, Wang G, Park C. Bird-Inspired Self-Navigating Artificial Synaptic Compass. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20116-20126. [PMID: 34793113 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extrasensory neuromorphic devices that can recognize, memorize, and learn stimuli imperceptible to human beings are of considerable interest in interactive intelligent electronics research. This study presents an artificially intelligent magnetoreceptive synapse inspired by the magnetocognitive ability used by birds for navigation and orientation. The proposed synaptic platform is based on arrays of ferroelectric field-effect transistors with air-suspended magneto-interactive top-gates. A suspended gate of an elastomeric composite with superparamagnetic particles laminated with an electrically conductive polymer is mechanically deformed under a magnetic field, facilitating control of the magnetic-field-dependent contact area of the suspended gate with an underlying ferroelectric layer. The remanent polarization of the ferroelectric layer is electrically programmed with the deformed suspended gate, resulting in analog conductance modulation as a function of the magnitude, number, and time interval of the input magnetic pulses. The proposed extrasensory magnetoreceptive synapse may be used as an artificially intelligent synaptic compass that facilitates barrier-adaptable navigation and mapping of a moving object.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghoon Jang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - HoYeon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhaeng Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunuk Wang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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20
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Yan ZY, Liu JY, Niu JR. Research of a Novel Ag Temperature Sensor Based on Fabric Substrate Fabricated by Magnetron Sputtering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6014. [PMID: 34683606 PMCID: PMC8540354 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TPU-coated polyester fabric was used as the substrate of a flexible temperature sensor and Ag nanoparticles were deposited on its surface as the temperature sensing layer by the magnetron sputtering method. The effects of sputtering powers and heat treatment on properties of the sensing layers, such as the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), linearity, hysteresis, drift, reliability, and bending resistance, were mainly studied. The results showed that the TCR (0.00234 °C-1) was the highest when sputtering power was 90 W and sputtering pressure was 0.8 Pa. The crystallinity of Ag particles would improve, as the TCR was improved to 0.00262 °C-1 under heat treatment condition at 160°. The Ag layer obtained excellent linearity, lower hysteresis and drift value, as well as good reliability and bending resistance when the sputtering power was 90 W. The flexible temperature sensor based on the coated polyester fabric improved the softness and comfortableness of sensor, which can be further applied in intelligent wearable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Yao Yan
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jian-Yong Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jia-Rong Niu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composites Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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21
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Zaszczyńska A, Gradys A, Sajkiewicz P. Progress in the Applications of Smart Piezoelectric Materials for Medical Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2754. [PMID: 33266424 PMCID: PMC7700596 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart piezoelectric materials are of great interest due to their unique properties. Piezoelectric materials can transform mechanical energy into electricity and vice versa. There are mono and polycrystals (piezoceramics), polymers, and composites in the group of piezoelectric materials. Recent years show progress in the applications of piezoelectric materials in biomedical devices due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Medical devices such as actuators and sensors, energy harvesting devices, and active scaffolds for neural tissue engineering are continually explored. Sensors and actuators from piezoelectric materials can convert flow rate, pressure, etc., to generate energy or consume it. This paper consists of using smart materials to design medical devices and provide a greater understanding of the piezoelectric effect in the medical industry presently. A greater understanding of piezoelectricity is necessary regarding the future development and industry challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Zaszczyńska
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5b St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (P.S.)
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Wang W, Li J, Liu H, Ge S. Advancing Versatile Ferroelectric Materials Toward Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 8:2003074. [PMID: 33437585 PMCID: PMC7788502 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials (FEMs), possessing piezoelectric, pyroelectric, inverse piezoelectric, nonlinear optic, ferroelectric-photovoltaic, and many other properties, are attracting increasing attention in the field of biomedicine in recent years. Because of their versatile ability of interacting with force, heat, electricity, and light to generate electrical, mechanical, and optical signals, FEMs are demonstrating their unique advantages for biosensing, acoustics tweezer, bioimaging, therapeutics, tissue engineering, as well as stimulating biological functions. This review summarizes the current-available FEMs and their state-of-the-art fabrication techniques, as well as provides an overview of FEMs-based applications in the field of biomedicine. Challenges and prospects for future development of FEMs for biomedical applications are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biomaterials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue RegenerationJinan250012China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Biomaterials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue RegenerationJinan250012China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250013China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Department of Biomaterials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue RegenerationJinan250012China
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