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Zhang Y, Zheng XT, Zhang X, Pan J, Thean AVY. Hybrid Integration of Wearable Devices for Physiological Monitoring. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39189683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Wearable devices can provide timely, user-friendly, non- or minimally invasive, and continuous monitoring of human health. Recently, multidisciplinary scientific communities have made significant progress regarding fully integrated wearable devices such as sweat wearable sensors, saliva sensors, and wound sensors. However, the translation of these wearables into markets has been slow due to several reasons associated with the poor system-level performance of integrated wearables. The wearability consideration for wearable devices compromises many properties of the wearables. Besides, the limited power capacity of wearables hinders continuous monitoring for extended duration. Furthermore, peak-power operations for intensive computations can quickly create thermal issues in the compact form factor that interfere with wearability and sensor operations. Moreover, wearable devices are constantly subjected to environmental, mechanical, chemical, and electrical interferences and variables that can invalidate the collected data. This generates the need for sophisticated data analytics to contextually identify, include, and exclude data points per multisensor fusion to enable accurate data interpretation. This review synthesizes the challenges surrounding the wearable device integration from three aspects in terms of hardware, energy, and data, focuses on a discussion about hybrid integration of wearable devices, and seeks to provide comprehensive guidance for designing fully functional and stable wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Xin Ting Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jieming Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Aaron Voon-Yew Thean
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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2
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Fu Y, Chen L, Guo Y, Shi Y, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Lin Y, Luo D. Pyramid Textured Photonic Films with High-Refractive Index Fillers for Efficient Radiative Cooling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404900. [PMID: 39159127 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Sub-ambient cooling technologies relying on passive radiation have garnered escalating research attention owing to the challenges posed by global warming and substantial energy consumption inherent in active cooling systems. However, achieving highly efficient radiative cooling devices capable of effective heat dissipation remains a challenge. Herein, by synergic optimization of the micro-pyramid surface structures and 2D hexagonal boron nitride nanoplates (h-BNNs) scattering fillers, pyramid textured photonic films with remarkable solar reflectivity of 98.5% and a mid-infrared (MIR) emittance of 97.2% are presented. The h-BNNs scattering filler with high thermal conductivity contributed to the enhanced through-plane thermal conductivity up to 0.496 W m-1 K-1 and the in-plane thermal conductivity of 3.175 W m-1 K-1. The photonic films exhibit an optimized effective radiative cooling power of 201.2 W m-2 at 40 °C under a solar irradiance of 900 W m-2 and a daily sub-ambient cooling effect up to 11 °C. Even with simultaneous internal heat generation by a 10 W ceramic heater and external solar irradiance of 500 W m-2, a sub-ambient cooling of 5 °C can be realized. The synergic matching strategy of high thermal conductivity scattering fillers and microstructured photonic surfaces holds promise for scalable sub-ambient radiative cooling technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fu
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Le Chen
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuao Guo
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuqing Shi
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuqiang Zeng
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuanjing Lin
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Road 1088, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provisional Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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3
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Chen Q, Huang X, Lu Y, Xu H, Zhao D. Mechanically Tunable Transmittance Convection Shield for Dynamic Radiative Cooling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:21807-21817. [PMID: 38634635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Radiative cooling is the process to dissipate heat to the outer space through an atmospheric window (8-13 μm), which has great potential for energy savings in buildings. However, the traditional "static" spectral characteristics of radiative cooling materials may result in overcooling during the cold season or at night, necessitating the development of dynamic spectral radiative cooling for enhanced energy saving potential. In this study, we showcase the realization of dynamic radiative cooling by modulating the heat transfer process using a tunable transmittance convection shield (TTCS). The transmittance of the TTCS in both solar spectrum and atmospheric window can be dynamically adjusted within ranges of 28.8-72.9 and 27.0-80.5%, with modulation capabilities of ΔTsolar = 44.1% and ΔT8-13 μm = 53.5%, respectively. Field measurements demonstrate that through the modulation, the steady-state temperature of the TTCS architecture is 0.3 °C lower than that of a traditional radiative cooling architecture during the daytime and 3.3 °C higher at nighttime, indicating that the modulation strategy can effectively address the overcooling issue, offering an efficient way of energy saving through dynamic radiative cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiang Chen
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Yuehui Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Hua Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Dongliang Zhao
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Institute of Science and Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Engineering Research Center of Building Equipment, Energy, and Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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Wu B, Qi Q, Liu L, Liu Y, Wang J. Wearable Aerogels for Personal Thermal Management and Smart Devices. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9798-9822. [PMID: 38551449 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Extreme climates have become frequent nowadays, causing increased heat stress in human daily life. Personal thermal management (PTM), a technology that controls the human body's microenvironment, has become a promising strategy to address heat stress. While effective in ordinary environments, traditional high-performance fibers, such as ultrafine, porous, highly thermally conductive, and phase change materials, fall short when dealing with harsh conditions or large temperature fluctuations. Aerogels, a third-generation superinsulation material, have garnered extensive attention among researchers for their thermal management applications in building energy conservation, transportation, and aerospace, attributed to their extremely low densities and thermal conductivity. While aerogels have historically faced challenges related to weak mechanical strength and limited secondary processing capacity, recent advancements have witnessed notable progress in the development of wearable aerogels for PTM. This progress underscores their potential applications within extremely harsh environments, serving as self-powered smart devices and sensors. This Review offers a timely overview of wearable aerogels and their PTM applications with a particular focus on their wearability and suitability. Finally, the discussion classifies five types of PTM applications based on aerogel function: thermal insulation, heating, cooling, adaptive regulation (involving thermal insulation, heating, and cooling), and utilization of aerogels as wearable smart devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wu
- Emergency Research Institute, Chinese Institute of Coal Science, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
| | - Qingjie Qi
- Emergency Research Institute, Chinese Institute of Coal Science, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- Emergency Research Institute, Chinese Institute of Coal Science, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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5
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Ding Y, Jiang J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Zheng Z. Porous Conductive Textiles for Wearable Electronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1535-1648. [PMID: 38373392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, researchers have made significant strides in the development of novel flexible/stretchable and conductive materials, enabling the creation of cutting-edge electronic devices for wearable applications. Among these, porous conductive textiles (PCTs) have emerged as an ideal material platform for wearable electronics, owing to their light weight, flexibility, permeability, and wearing comfort. This Review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the progress and state of the art of utilizing PCTs for the design and fabrication of a wide variety of wearable electronic devices and their integrated wearable systems. To begin with, we elucidate how PCTs revolutionize the form factors of wearable electronics. We then discuss the preparation strategies of PCTs, in terms of the raw materials, fabrication processes, and key properties. Afterward, we provide detailed illustrations of how PCTs are used as basic building blocks to design and fabricate a wide variety of intrinsically flexible or stretchable devices, including sensors, actuators, therapeutic devices, energy-harvesting and storage devices, and displays. We further describe the techniques and strategies for wearable electronic systems either by hybridizing conventional off-the-shelf rigid electronic components with PCTs or by integrating multiple fibrous devices made of PCTs. Subsequently, we highlight some important wearable application scenarios in healthcare, sports and training, converging technologies, and professional specialists. At the end of the Review, we discuss the challenges and perspectives on future research directions and give overall conclusions. As the demand for more personalized and interconnected devices continues to grow, PCT-based wearables hold immense potential to redefine the landscape of wearable technology and reshape the way we live, work, and play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Ding
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Jiang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yingsi Wu
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yaokang Zhang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Zhou
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qiyao Huang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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Jung Y, Kim M, Jeong S, Hong S, Ko SH. Strain-Insensitive Outdoor Wearable Electronics by Thermally Robust Nanofibrous Radiative Cooler. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2312-2324. [PMID: 38190550 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Stable outdoor wearable electronics are gaining attention due to challenges in sustaining consistent device performance outdoors, where sunlight exposure and user movement can disrupt operations. Currently, researchers have focused on integrating radiative coolers into wearable devices for outdoor thermal management. However, these approaches often rely on heat-vulnerable thermoplastic polymers for radiative coolers and strain-susceptible conductors that are unsuitable for wearable electronics. Here, we introduce mechanically, electrically, and thermally stable wearable electronics even when they are stretched under sunlight to address these challenges. This achievement is realized by integrating a polydimethylsiloxane nanofibrous cooler and liquid metal conductors for a fully stable wearable device. The thermally robust architecture of nanofibers, based on their inherent properties as thermoset polymers, exhibits excellent cooling performance through high solar reflection and thermal emission. Additionally, laser-patterned conductors possess ideal properties for wearable electronics, including strain-insensitivity, nonsmearing behavior, and negligible contact resistance. As proof, we developed wearable electronics integrated with thermally and electromechanically stable components that accurately detect physiological signals in harsh environments, including light exposure, while stretched up to 30%. This work highlights the potential for the development of everyday wearable electronics capable of reliable operation under challenging external conditions, including user-activity-induced stress and sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongju Jung
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Jeong
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Hong
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design (SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Chae D, Lee SY, Lim H, Son S, Ha J, Park J, Park JH, Oh SJ, Lee H. Vivid Colored Cooling Structure Managing Full Solar Spectrum via Near-Infrared Reflection and Photoluminescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58274-58285. [PMID: 38051105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Colored radiative cooling (CRC) offers an attractive alternative for surface and space cooling, while preserving the aesthetics of an object. However, there has been no study on the CRC using phosphors in regard to vivid coloration, sophisticated performance investigation, retention of properties, functionality, and structural flexibility all at once. Thus, to manage the entire solar spectrum, a colored cooling structure comprising a near-infrared (NIR)-reflective bottom layer and a top colored layer with a phosphor-embedded polymer matrix is proposed. The structure is paintable, vividly colored, hydrophobic, and ultraviolet (UV) and water resistant. In the daytime outdoor measurement, the structure with red, orange, and yellow colors exhibited lower temperature than a control group using commercial white paint by 4.7 °C, 7.2 °C, and 7.4 °C, respectively. After precise theoretical and experimental time-tracing temperature validation, the CRC performance enhancement from NIR reflection and photoluminescence effects was thoroughly analyzed, and a temperature reduction of up to 16.1 °C was achieved for the orange-colored structure. Furthermore, experiments of hydrophobicity infusion and exposure to UV and deionized water verified the durability of the colored cooling structure. In addition, flexible-film-type colored cooling structures were demonstrated using different bottom reflective layers, such as a silver thin film and porous aluminum oxide particle-embedded poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), suggesting the potential applicability of these colored cooling structures for vivid-colored, functional, and durable CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Chae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeop Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangyu Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soomin Son
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Ha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaein Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ju Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- ZERC, 620, New Engineering building, 73-15, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Fu J, Ding Y, Babar AA, Song X, Chen F, Yu X, Zheng Z. Thermal and Moisture Managing E-Textiles Enabled by Janus Hierarchical Gradient Honeycombs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2311633. [PMID: 38112378 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Moisture and thermal comfort are critical for long-term wear. In recent years, there has been rapidly growing attention on the importance of the comfortability in wearable electronic textiles (e-textiles), particularly in fields such as health monitoring, sports training, medical diagnosis and treatment, where long-term comfort is crucial. Nonetheless, simultaneously regulating thermal and moisture comfort for the human body without compromising electronic performance remains a significant challenge to date. Herein, a thermal and moisture managing e-textile (TMME-textile) that integrates unidirectional water transport and daytime radiative cooling properties with highly sensitive sensing performance is developed. The TMME-textile is made by patterning sensing electrodes on rationally designed Janus hierarchical gradient honeycombs that offer wetting gradient and optical management. The TMME-textile can unidirectionally pump excessive sweat, providing a dry and comfortable microenvironment for users. Moreover, it possesses high solar reflectivity (98.3%) and mid-infrared emissivity (89.2%), which reduce skin temperature by ≈7.0 °C under a solar intensity of 1 kW m-2 . The TMME-textile-based strain sensor displays high sensitivity (0.1749 kPa-1 ) and rapid response rate (170 ms), effectively enabling smooth long-term monitoring, especially during high-intensity outdoor sports where thermal and moisture stresses are prominent challenges to conventional e-textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhang
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jingjing Fu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yichun Ding
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Aijaz Ahmed Babar
- Textile Engineering Department, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76060, Pakistan
| | - Xian Song
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems (RI-IWEAR), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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Zhou J, Ding C, Zhang X, Li D, Yang D, You B, Wu L. High-Durable, Radiative-Cooling, and Heat-Insulating Flexible Films Enabled by a Bioinspired Dictyophora-Like Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38032275 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling, achieved by selectively emitting thermal radiation to outer space, holds great promise for addressing global energy challenges and mitigating the effects of climate change. However, most radiative cooling materials face limitations in effectively cooling in high-heat environments, and their performance deteriorates significantly with prolonged outdoor use. These shortcomings restrict their widespread application in various settings. To address this, we draw inspiration from the unique biostructure of dictyophora and propose a novel hollow@porous radiative cooling film by integrating hollow microparticles and porous polymer. The fabricated hollow@porous flexible film exhibits high sunlight reflection (93.7%), strong infrared emissivity (89.1%), as well as ultralow thermal conductivity (17.56 mW/m k). The daytime cooling performance of the prepared cooler is experimentally demonstrated with a marked temperature decrease to 17.4 °C under a peak solar intensity of 980 W/m2. Furthermore, the unique hollow@porous structure also strengthens the film's long-term durability by incorporating weather resistance and self-cleaning properties, which ensures stable and efficient radiative cooling performance even in harsh climatic conditions. This advancement in radiative cooling materials opens up new possibilities for thermal management, energy conservation, and cooling of solar panels, engine components, electronic equipment, new energy batteries, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Canxia Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200137, P. R. China
| | - Donglei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Dicong Yang
- Tsongyi Technology Shanghai Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China
| | - Bo You
- Department of Materials Science and Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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Kim H, Yoo YJ, Yun JH, Heo SY, Song YM, Yeo WH. Outdoor Worker Stress Monitoring Electronics with Nanofabric Radiative Cooler-Based Thermal Management. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301104. [PMID: 37548604 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe stress endangers outdoor workers who are in an exceedingly hot workplace. Although recent studies quantify stress levels on the human skin, they still rely on rigid, bulky sensor modules, causing data loss from motion artifacts and limited field-deployability for continuous health monitoring. Moreover, no prior work shows a wearable device that can endure heat exposure while showing continuous monitoring of a subject's stress under realistic working environments. Herein, a soft, field-deployable, wearable bioelectronic system is introduced for detecting outdoor workers' stress levels with negligible motion artifacts and controllable thermal management. A nanofabric radiative cooler (NFRC) and miniaturized sensors with a nanomembrane soft electronic platform are integrated to measure stable electrodermal activities and temperature in hot outdoor conditions. The NFRC exhibits outstanding cooling performance in sub-ambient air with high solar reflectivity and high thermal emissivity. The integrated wearable device with all embedded electronic components and the NFRC shows a lower temperature (41.1%) in sub-ambient air than the NFRC-less device while capturing improved operation time (18.2%). In vivo human study of the bioelectronics with agricultural activities demonstrates the device's capability for portable, continuous, real-time health monitoring of outdoor workers with field deployability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojoong Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Young Jin Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Ho Yun
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeon Heo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Anti-Viral Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute for Materials, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Li S, Jang JH, Chung W, Seung H, Park SI, Ma H, Pyo WJ, Choi C, Chung DS, Kim DH, Choi MK, Yang J. Ultrathin Self-Powered Heavy-Metal-Free Cu-In-Se Quantum Dot Photodetectors for Wearable Health Monitoring. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20013-20023. [PMID: 37787474 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically deformable photodetectors (PDs) are key device components for wearable health monitoring systems based on photoplethysmography (PPG). Achieving high detectivity, fast response time, and an ultrathin form factor in the PD is highly needed for next-generation wearable PPG systems. Self-powered operation without a bulky power-supply unit is also beneficial for point-of-care application. Here, we propose ultrathin self-powered PDs using heavy-metal-free Cu-In-Se quantum dots (QDs), which enable high-performance wearable PPG systems. Although the light-absorbing QD layer is extremely thin (∼40 nm), the developed PD exhibits excellent performance (specific detectivity: 2.10 × 1012 Jones, linear dynamic range: 102 dB, and spectral range: 250-1050 nm at zero bias), which is comparable to that of conventional rigid QD-PDs employing thick Pb-chalcogenide QD layers. This is attributed to material and device strategies─materials that include Cu-In-Se QDs, a MoS2-nanosheet-blended poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) hole transport layer, a ZnO nanoparticle electron transport layer, Ag and ITO electrodes, and an ultrathin form factor (∼120 nm except the electrodes) that enable excellent mechanical deformability. These allow the successful application of QD-PDs to a wearable system for real-time PPG monitoring, expanding their potential in the field of mobile bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Li
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookjin Chung
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Seung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Ik Park
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjong Ma
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Pyo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Choi
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Yang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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12
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Dong J, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Chai Y, Long J, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Huang Y, Liu T. Superelastic Radiative Cooling Metafabric for Comfortable Epidermal Electrophysiological Monitoring. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:181. [PMID: 37439918 PMCID: PMC10344855 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal electronics with superb passive-cooling capabilities are of great value for both daytime outdoor dressing comfort and low-carbon economy. Herein, a multifunctional and skin-attachable electronic is rationally developed on a porous all-elastomer metafabric for efficient passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) and human electrophysiological monitoring. The cooling characteristics are realized through the homogeneous impregnation of polytetrafluoroethylene microparticles in the styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene fibers, and the rational regulation of microporosity in SEBS/PTFE metafabrics, thus synergistically backscatter ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared light (maximum reflectance over 98.0%) to minimize heat absorption while efficiently emit human-body midinfrared radiation to the sky. As a result, the developed PDRC metafabric achieves approximately 17 °C cooling effects in an outdoor daytime environment and completely retains its passive cooling performance even under 50% stretching. Further, high-fidelity electrophysiological monitoring capability is also implemented in the breathable and skin-conformal metafabric through liquid metal printing, enabling the accurate acquisition of human electrocardiograph, surface electromyogram, and electroencephalograph signals for comfortable and lengthy health regulation. Hence, the fabricated superelastic PDRC metafabric opens a new avenue for the development of body-comfortable electronics and low-carbon wearing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Chai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Long
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Energy Material and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Li J, Fu Y, Zhou J, Yao K, Ma X, Gao S, Wang Z, Dai JG, Lei D, Yu X. Ultrathin, soft, radiative cooling interfaces for advanced thermal management in skin electronics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg1837. [PMID: 37027471 PMCID: PMC10081843 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Thermal management plays a notable role in electronics, especially for the emerging wearable and skin electronics, as the level of integration, multifunction, and miniaturization of such electronics is determined by thermal management. Here, we report a generic thermal management strategy by using an ultrathin, soft, radiative-cooling interface (USRI), which allows cooling down the temperature in skin electronics through both radiative and nonradiative heat transfer, achieving temperature reduction greater than 56°C. The light and intrinsically flexible nature of the USRI enables its use as a conformable sealing layer and hence can be readily integrated with skin electronics. Demonstrations include passive cooling down of Joule heat for flexible circuits, improving working efficiency for epidermal electronics, and stabling performance outputs for skin-interfaced wireless photoplethysmography sensors. These results offer an alternative pathway toward achieving effective thermal management in advanced skin-interfaced electronics for multifunctionally and wirelessly operated health care monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingkun Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kuanming Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shouwei Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Guo Dai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebra-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Liu W, Jiang X, Yu Z, Pang K, Wang J, Peng Y. Effects of a Graphene Heating Device on Fatigue Recovery of Biceps Brachii. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030381. [PMID: 36978772 PMCID: PMC10044709 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Far-infrared (FIR) is considered to be an ideal method to promote fatigue recovery due to its high permeability and strong radiation. In this paper, we report a flexible and wearable graphene heating device to help fatigue recovery of human exercise by using its high FIR divergence property. This study compares two different fatigue recovery methods, graphene far-infrared heating device hot application and natural recovery, over a 20 min recovery time among the male colleges' exhaustion exercise. Experimental results show that the achieved graphene device holds excellent electro-thermal radiation conversion efficiency of 70% and normal total emissivity of 89%. Moreover, the graphene FIR therapy in our work is more energy-efficient, easy to use, and wearable than traditional fatigue recovery methods. Such an anti-fatigue strategy offers new opportunities for enlarging potential applications of graphene film in body science, athletic training recovery, and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Liu
- Department of Sports Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- Department of Sports Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiran Yu
- The MOF Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kai Pang
- The MOF Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Sports Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxin Peng
- Department of Sports Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Kim HJ, Sritandi W, Xiong Z, Ho JS. Bioelectronic devices for light-based diagnostics and therapies. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011304. [PMID: 38505817 PMCID: PMC10903427 DOI: 10.1063/5.0102811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Light has broad applications in medicine as a tool for diagnosis and therapy. Recent advances in optical technology and bioelectronics have opened opportunities for wearable, ingestible, and implantable devices that use light to continuously monitor health and precisely treat diseases. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the development and application of light-based bioelectronic devices. We summarize the key features of the technologies underlying these devices, including light sources, light detectors, energy storage and harvesting, and wireless power and communications. We investigate the current state of bioelectronic devices for the continuous measurement of health and on-demand delivery of therapy. Finally, we highlight major challenges and opportunities associated with light-based bioelectronic devices and discuss their promise for enabling digital forms of health care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weni Sritandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - John S. Ho
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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16
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Han WB, Heo SY, Kim D, Yang SM, Ko GJ, Lee GJ, Kim DJ, Rajaram K, Lee JH, Shin JW, Jang TM, Han S, Kang H, Lim JH, Kim DH, Kim SH, Song YM, Hwang SW. Zebra-inspired stretchable, biodegradable radiation modulator for all-day sustainable energy harvesters. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf5883. [PMID: 36724224 PMCID: PMC9891689 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf5883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in passive radiative cooling systems describe a variety of strategies to enhance cooling efficiency, while the integration of such technology with a bioinspired design using biodegradable materials can offer a research opportunity to generate energy in a sustainable manner, favorable for the temperature/climate system of the planet. Here, we introduce stretchable and ecoresorbable radiative cooling/heating systems engineered with zebra stripe-like patterns that enable the generation of a large in-plane temperature gradient for thermoelectric generation. A comprehensive study of materials with theoretical evaluations validates the ability to accomplish the target performances even under external mechanical strains, while all systems eventually disappear under physiological conditions. Use of the zebra print for selective radiative heating demonstrates an unexpected level of temperature difference compared to use of radiative cooling emitters alone, which enables producing energy through resorbable silicon-based thermoelectric devices. The overall result suggests the potential of scalable, ecofriendly renewable energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Bae Han
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeon Heo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Yang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Jin Ko
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Ju Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Je Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaveti Rajaram
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Hoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Shin
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Min Jang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkeun Han
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseok Kang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Hwang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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17
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Kim MS, Lee GJ. Visually Hidden, Self-Assembled Porous Polymers for Optical Physically Unclonable Functions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4477-4486. [PMID: 36633500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the advancement of security technologies, several encryption methods have been proposed. Despite such efforts, forging artifices is financially and somatically becoming a constraint for individuals and society (e.g., imprinting replicas of luxury goods or directly life-connected medicines). Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) are one of the promising solutions to address these personal and social issues. The unreplicability of PUFs is a crucial factor for high security levels. Here, this study proposes a visually hidden and self-assembled porous polymer (VSPP) as a tag for optical PUF systems. The VSPP has virtues in terms of wavelength dependency, lens-free compact PUF system, and simple/affordable fabrication processes (i.e., spin coating and annealing). The VSPP consists of an external saturated surface, which covers the inner structures, and an internally abundant porous layer, which triggers stochastic multiple Mie scattering with wavelength dependency. We theoretically and experimentally validate the unobservability of the VSPP and the uniqueness of optical responses by image sensors. Finally, we establish a wavelength-dependent PUF system by using the following three components: solid-state light sources, a VSPP tag, and an image sensor. The captured raw images by the sensor serve as "seed" for unique bit sequences. The robustness of our system is successfully confirmed in terms of bit uniformity (∼0.5), intra/interdevice Hamming distances (∼0.04/∼0.5), and randomness (using NIST test).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seong Kim
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Ju Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
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18
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A Scalable Heat Pump Film with Zero Energy Consumption. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010159. [PMID: 36616509 PMCID: PMC9823491 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiative cooling is an effective technology with zero energy consumption to alleviate climate warming and combat the urban heat island effect. At present, researchers often use foam boxes to isolate non-radiant heat exchange between the cooler and the environment through experiments, so as to achieve maximum cooling power. In practice, however, there are challenges in setting up foam boxes on a large scale, resulting in coolers that can be cooled below ambient only under low convection conditions. Based on polymer materials and nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO, refractive index > 2, the peak equivalent spherical diameter 500 nm), the manufacturing process of heat pump film (HPF) was proposed. The HPF (4.1 mm thick) consists of polyethylene (PE) bubble film (heat transfer coefficient 0.04 W/m/K, 4 mm thick) and Ethylene-1-octene copolymer (POE) cured nano-ZnO (solar reflectance ≈94% at 0.075 mm thick). Covering with HPF, the object achieves 7.15 °C decreasing in normal natural environment and 3.68 °C even under certain circumstances with high surface convective heat transfer (56.9 W/m2/K). HPF has advantages of cooling the covered object, certain strength (1.45 Mpa), scalable manufacturing with low cost, hydrophobic characteristics (the water contact angle, 150.6°), and meeting the basic requirements of various application scenarios.
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19
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Zhai H, Liu C, Fan D, Li Q. Dual-Encapsulated Nanocomposite for Efficient Thermal Buffering in Heat-Generating Radiative Cooling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:57215-57224. [PMID: 36484240 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling has been considered an innovative passive method to resolve the problem of overheating of electronic devices. However, it is inefficient for cooling huge heat generation components. Herein, we report a dual-encapsulated nanocomposite (DEN) by integrating radiative cooling and phase-change materials (PCMs) for thermal buffering in heat-generating radiative cooling. The leak of PCMs is avoided by a simple dual-encapsulated structure with a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected cellular-like network structure and radiative cooling layer on the surface, 75% superior to the state-of-the-art single encapsulation designs. Additionally, our DEN not only shows outstanding optical properties with strong solar reflection (R̅solar = 0.96) and IR-selective emission (ε̅8-13 μm = 0.94 and ηε = 1.15) but also exhibits high phase-change enthalpy (ΔHm = 192.2 J/g, ΔHc = 175.7 J/g), enabling remarkable radiative cooling capability and desirable thermal energy peak shaving and valley filling effect. Outdoor experiments demonstrate that DEN achieves a temperature drop up to 23 °C compared to the control group without DEN coverage when electronics generate heat. This dual-encapsulated nanocomposite provides a novel strategy and solution for outdoor passive thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatian Zhai
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing210094, China
| | - Chao Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing210094, China
| | - Desong Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing210094, China
| | - Qiang Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing210094, China
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20
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Jin S, Xiao M, Zhang W, Wang B, Zhao C. Daytime Sub-Ambient Radiative Cooling with Vivid Structural Colors Mediated by Coupled Nanocavities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54676-54687. [PMID: 36454716 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Daytime radiative cooling is a promising passive cooling technology for combating global warming. Existing daytime radiative coolers usually show whitish colors due to their high broadband solar reflectivity, which is not suitable for aesthetic demands and effective display. It is challenging to produce high-cooling performance materials with vivid colors because colors are often produced by the absorption of visible light, decreasing net cooling power. In this work, we design a series of colorful multilayered radiative coolers (CMRCs) consisting of an optimized selective emitter for cooling and coupled nanocavities for structural coloration, which can successfully delicately balance the trade-off between the chromaticity and cooling performance. By judiciously designing the geometric parameters and manipulating the coupling effect inside the coupled nanocavities, our coolers show sub-ambient cooling performance and a larger color gamut (occupying 17.7% sRGB area) than reported ones. We further fabricate CMRCs and demonstrate that they have temperature drops of 3.4-4.4 °C on average based on outdoor experiments. These CMRCs are promising in thermal management of electronic/optoelectronic devices and outdoor facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Jin
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu610065, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Boxiang Wang
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
| | - Changying Zhao
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200240, China
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21
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Ko JH, Yoo YJ, Lee Y, Jeong HH, Song YM. A review of tunable photonics: Optically active materials and applications from visible to terahertz. iScience 2022; 25:104727. [PMID: 35865136 PMCID: PMC9294196 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The next frontier of photonics is evolving into reconfigurable platforms with tunable functions to realize the ubiquitous application. The dynamic control of optical properties of photonics is highly desirable for a plethora of applications, including optical communication, dynamic display, self-adaptive photonics, and multi-spectral camouflage. Recently, to meet the dynamic response over broad optical bands, optically active materials have been integrated with the diverse photonic platforms, typically in the dimension of micro/nanometer scales. Here, we review recent advances in tunable photonics with controlling optical properties from visible to terahertz (THz) spectral range. We propose guidelines for designing tunable photonics in conjunction with optically active materials, inherent in wavelength characteristics. In particular, we devote our review to their potential uses for five different applications: structural coloration, metasurface for flat optics, photonic memory, thermal radiation, and terahertz plasmonics. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on the challenges and prospects of tunable photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hwan Ko
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Anti-Viral Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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22
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Byun S, Yun JH, Heo S, Shi C, Lee GJ, Agno K, Jang K, Xiao J, Song YM, Jeong J. Self-Cooling Gallium-Based Transformative Electronics with a Radiative Cooler for Reliable Stiffness Tuning in Outdoor Use. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202549. [PMID: 35661444 PMCID: PMC9404411 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reconfigurability of a device that allows tuning of its shape and stiffness is utilized for personal electronics to provide an optimal mechanical interface for an intended purpose. Recent approaches in developing such transformative electronic systems (TES) involved the use of gallium liquid metal, which can change its liquid-solid phase by temperature to facilitate stiffness control of the device. However, the current design cannot withstand excessive heat during outdoor applications, leading to undesired softening of the device when the rigid mode of operation is favored. Here, a gallium-based TES integrated with a flexible and stretchable radiative cooler is presented, which offers zero-power thermal management for reliable rigid mode operation in the hot outdoors. The radiative cooler can both effectively reflect the heat transfer from the sun and emit thermal energy. It, therefore, allows a TES-in-the-air to maintain its temperature below the melting point of gallium (29.8 ℃) under hot weather with strong sun exposure, thus preventing unwanted softening of the device. Comprehensive studies on optical, thermal, and mechanical characteristics of radiative-cooler-integrated TES, along with a proof-of-concept demonstration in the hot outdoors verify the reliability of this design approach, suggesting the possibility of expanding the use of TES in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang‐Hyuk Byun
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Ho Yun
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)Gwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Se‐Yeon Heo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)Gwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Chuanqian Shi
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO80309USA
| | - Gil Ju Lee
- Department of Electronics EngineeringPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Karen‐Christian Agno
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐In Jang
- Department of Robotics EngineeringDaegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO80309USA
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)Gwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Woong Jeong
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
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23
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Abstract
The emergence of wearable devices over the recent decades has motivated numerous studies aimed at developing flexible or stretchable materials and structures for their electronic or optoelectronic functionalities. Like in conventional devices, electronic and optoelectronic components in wearable devices must be kept within certain temperature ranges to ensure reliability, performance, and/or functionality. But this must be accomplished without requiring any bulky heat sinks or other heat transfer augmentation elements. At the same time, the proximity of wearable devices to the human skin poses additional requirements of thermal comfort and safety. A growing body of literature is now focusing on the thermal management or control of wearable devices and related development of new materials and structures. The present article aims to provide a broad overview of such materials and structures and offer suggestions for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Sungtaek Ju
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, UCLA, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1597, USA
- Corresponding author
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24
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Zhu Y, Luo H, Yang C, Qin B, Ghosh P, Kaur S, Shen W, Qiu M, Belov P, Li Q. Color-preserving passive radiative cooling for an actively temperature-regulated enclosure. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:122. [PMID: 35508472 PMCID: PMC9068694 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00810-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Active temperature control devices are widely used for the thermal management of enclosures, including vehicles and buildings. Passive radiative cooling has been extensively studied; however, its integration with existing actively temperature regulated and decorative enclosures has slipped out of the research at status quo. Here, we present a photonic-engineered dual-side thermal management strategy for reducing the active power consumption of the existing temperature-regulated enclosure without sacrificing its aesthetics. By coating the exterior and interior of the enclosure roof with two visible-transparent films with distinctive wavelength-selectivity, simultaneous control over the energy exchange among the enclosure with the hot sun, the cold outer space, the atmosphere, and the active cooler can be implemented. A power-saving of up to 63% for active coolers of the enclosure is experimentally demonstrated by measuring the heat flux compared to the ordinary enclosure when the set temperature is around 26°C. This photonic-engineered dual-side thermal management strategy offers facile integration with the existing enclosures and represents a new paradigm toward carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pintu Ghosh
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, 310024, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Pavel Belov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
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25
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Song H, Luo G, Ji Z, Bo R, Xue Z, Yan D, Zhang F, Bai K, Liu J, Cheng X, Pang W, Shen Z, Zhang Y. Highly-integrated, miniaturized, stretchable electronic systems based on stacked multilayer network materials. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm3785. [PMID: 35294232 PMCID: PMC8926335 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm3785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Elastic stretchability and function density represent two key figures of merits for stretchable inorganic electronics. Various design strategies have been reported to provide both high levels of stretchability and function density, but the function densities are mostly below 80%. While the stacked device layout can overcome this limitation, the soft elastomers used in previous studies could highly restrict the deformation of stretchable interconnects. Here, we introduce stacked multilayer network materials as a general platform to incorporate individual components and stretchable interconnects, without posing any essential constraint to their deformations. Quantitative analyses show a substantial enhancement (e.g., by ~7.5 times) of elastic stretchability of serpentine interconnects as compared to that based on stacked soft elastomers. The proposed strategy allows demonstration of a miniaturized electronic system (11 mm by 10 mm), with a moderate elastic stretchability (~20%) and an unprecedented areal coverage (~110%), which can serve as compass display, somatosensory mouse, and physiological-signal monitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglie Song
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guoquan Luo
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composite in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Ziyao Ji
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Renheng Bo
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoguo Xue
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Dongjia Yan
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ke Bai
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jianxing Liu
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xu Cheng
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Pang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhangming Shen
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Corresponding author.
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26
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Zhou L, Rada J, Zhang H, Song H, Mirniaharikandi S, Ooi BS, Gan Q. Sustainable and Inexpensive Polydimethylsiloxane Sponges for Daytime Radiative Cooling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102502. [PMID: 34672111 PMCID: PMC8655219 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling is an emerging cooling technology that can passively release heat to the environment. To obtain a subambient cooling effect during the daytime, chemically engineered structural materials are widely explored to simultaneously reject sunlight and preserve strong thermal emission. However, many previously reported fabrication processes involve hazardous chemicals, which can hinder a material's ability to be mass produced. In order to eliminate the hazardous chemicals used in the fabrication of previous works, this article reports a white polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge fabricated by a sustainable process using microsugar templates. By substituting the chemicals for sugar, the manufacturing procedure produces zero toxic waste and can also be endlessly recycled via methods widely used in the sugar industry. The obtained porous PDMS exhibits strong visible scattering and thermal emission, resulting in an efficient temperature reduction of 4.6 °C and cooling power of 43 W m-2 under direct solar irradiation. In addition, due to the air-filled voids within the PDMS sponge, its thermal conductivity remains low at 0.06 W (m K)-1 . This unique combination of radiative cooling and thermal insulation properties can efficiently suppress the heat exchange with the solar-heated rooftop or the environment, representing a promising future for new energy-efficient building envelope material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyu Zhou
- Department of Electrical EngineeringThe State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Jacob Rada
- Department of Electrical EngineeringThe State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Huafan Zhang
- Photonics LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Haomin Song
- Department of Electrical EngineeringThe State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | | | - Boon S. Ooi
- Photonics LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiaoqiang Gan
- Department of Electrical EngineeringThe State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
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27
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Kim HJ, Jin Y, Achavananthadith S, Lin R, Ho JS. A wireless optoelectronic skin patch for light delivery and thermal monitoring. iScience 2021; 24:103284. [PMID: 34765913 PMCID: PMC8571508 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wearable optoelectronic devices can interface with the skin for applications in continuous health monitoring and light-based therapy. Measurement of the thermal effect of light on skin is often critical to track physiological parameters and control light delivery. However, accurate measurement of light-induced thermal effects is challenging because conventional sensors cannot be placed on the skin without obstructing light delivery. Here, we report a wearable optoelectronic patch integrated with a transparent nanowire sensor that provides light delivery and thermal monitoring at the same location. We achieve fabrication of a transparent silver nanowire network with >92% optical transmission that provides thermoresistive sensing of skin temperature. By integrating the sensor in a wireless optoelectronic patch, we demonstrate closed-loop regulation of light delivery as well as thermal characterization of blood flow. This light delivery and thermal monitoring approach may open opportunities for wearable devices in light-based diagnostics and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Joon Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Yunxia Jin
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Sippanat Achavananthadith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Rongzhou Lin
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - John S. Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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28
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Kim DH, Lee GJ, Heo SY, Son S, Kang KM, Lee H, Song YM. Ultra-thin and near-unity selective emitter for efficient cooling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:31364-31375. [PMID: 34615230 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For the efficient radiative cooling of objects, coolers should emit heat within atmospheric transparent window and block heat absorption from the surrounding environments. Thus, selective emitters enable highly efficient cooling via engineered photonic structures such as metamaterials and multi-stacking structures. However, these structures require sophisticated fabrication processes and large quantities of materials, which can restrict mass-production. This study introduces an ultra-thin (∼1 μm) and near-unity selective emitter (UNSE) within the atmospheric window, which can be fabricated using simple and affordable process. The combination of infrared (IR) lossy layers and high index lossless layer enhances the resonance in the structure thus, the emissivity in long wavelength IR region increases to near-unity within a thickness of ∼1 μm.
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