1
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Li R, Ma B, Li M, Wang D, Liu P, An P. Multi-heteroatom doped nanographenes: enhancing photosensitization capacity by forming an electron donor-acceptor architecture. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11408-11417. [PMID: 39055003 PMCID: PMC11268484 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02416h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Systematically tuning and optimizing the properties of synthetic nanographenes (NGs) is particularly important for NG applications in diverse areas. Herein, by devising novel electron donor-acceptor (D-A) type structures, we reported a series of multi-heteroatom-doped NGs possessing an electron-rich chalcogen and electron-deficient pyrimidine or pyrimidinium rings. Comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigations revealed significantly different physical, optical, and energetic properties compared to the non-doped HBC or chalcogen-doped, non-D-A analogues. Some intriguing properties of the new NGs such as unique electrostatically oriented molecular stacking, red-shifted optical spectra, solvatochromism, and enhanced triplet excitons were observed due to the formation of the D-A electron pattern. More importantly, these D-A type structures can serve as photosensitizers to generate efficiently reactive-oxygen species (ROS), and the structure-related photosensitization capacity that strengthens the electron transfer (ET) process leads to significantly enhanced ROS which was revealed by experimental and calculated studies. As a result, the cell-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) indicated that the cationic NG 1-Me+ is a robust photosensitizer with excellent water-solubility and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
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2
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Atienza CM, Sánchez L. Increasing Dimensionality in Self-Assembly: Toward Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Polymers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400379. [PMID: 38525912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Different approaches to achieve 2D supramolecular polymers, as an alternative to the covalent bottom-up approaches reported for the preparation of 2D materials, are reviewed. The significance of the operation of weak non-covalent forces to induce a lateral growth of a number of self-assembling units is collected. The examples of both thermodynamically and kinetically controlled formation of 2D supramolecular polymers showed in this review demonstrate the utility of this strategy to achieve new 2D materials with biased morphologies (nanosheets, scrolls, porous surfaces) and showing elegant applications like chiral recognition, enantioselective uptake or asymmetric organic transformations. Furthermore, elaborated techniques like seeded or living supramolecular polymerizations have been demonstrated to give rise to complex 2D nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Atienza
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, -Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, -Madrid, Spain
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3
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Zhu Y, Borstelmann J, Bertleff O, Bergner J, Wei Z, Neiss C, Görling A, Kivala M, Petrukhina MA. Unveiling the Multielectron Acceptor Properties of π-Expanded Pyracylene: Reversible Boat to Chair Conversion. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14715-14723. [PMID: 38741481 PMCID: PMC11140751 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the chemical reduction of a hybrid pyracylene-hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HPH) nanographene was investigated with different alkali metals (Na, K, Rb) to reveal its remarkable multielectron acceptor abilities. The UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy monitoring of the stepwise reduction reactions supports the existence of all intermediate reduction states up to the hexaanion for HPH. Tuning the experimental conditions enabled the synthesis of the HPH anions with gradually increasing reduction states (up to -5) isolated with different alkali metal ions as crystalline materials. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure analysis demonstrates that the highly negatively charged HPH anions (-4 and -5) exhibit a drastic geometry change from boat-shaped (observed in the neutral parent, mono- and dianions) to a chair conformation, which was proved to be fully reversible by NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations show that this geometry change is induced by an enhanced interaction between the coordinated metal ions and negatively charged HPH core in the chair conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State
University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Jan Borstelmann
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Oliver Bertleff
- Lehrstuhl
für Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander
Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - John Bergner
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State
University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Christian Neiss
- Lehrstuhl
für Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander
Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Lehrstuhl
für Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander
Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Erlangen
National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Martensstr. 1, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Albany, State
University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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4
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Sarà M, Giofrè SV, Abate S, Trapani M, Verduci R, D’Angelo G, Castriciano MA, Romeo A, Neri G, Monsù Scolaro L. Absorption and Fluorescence Emission Investigations on Supramolecular Assemblies of Tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin and Graphene Quantum Dots. Molecules 2024; 29:2015. [PMID: 38731505 PMCID: PMC11085775 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The one-pot synthesis of N-doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs), capped with a positively charged polyamine (trien), has been realized through a microwave-assisted pyrolysis on solid L-glutamic acid and trien in equimolar amounts. The resulting positively charged nanoparticles are strongly emissive in aqueous solutions and are stable for months. The interaction with the anionic tetrakis(4-sulphonatophenyl)porphyrin (TPPS4) has been investigated at neutral and mild acidic pH using a combination of UV/vis absorption spectroscopy together with static and time-resolved fluorescence emission. At pH = 7, the experimental evidence points to the formation of a supramolecular adduct mainly stabilized by electrostatic interactions. The fluorescence emission of the porphyrin is substantially quenched while GQDs remain still emissive. On decreasing the pH, protonation of TPPS4 leads to formation of porphyrin J-aggregates through the intermediacy of the charged quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Sarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (S.V.G.); (S.A.); (M.A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Salvatore Vincenzo Giofrè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (S.V.G.); (S.A.); (M.A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Salvatore Abate
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (S.V.G.); (S.A.); (M.A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Mariachiara Trapani
- CNR—ISMN Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Verduci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Giovanna D’Angelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.V.); (G.D.)
| | - Maria Angela Castriciano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (S.V.G.); (S.A.); (M.A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Andrea Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (S.V.G.); (S.A.); (M.A.C.); (A.R.)
- CNR—ISMN Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, 98158 Messina, Italy;
| | - Luigi Monsù Scolaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (S.V.G.); (S.A.); (M.A.C.); (A.R.)
- CNR—ISMN Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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5
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Hasler R, Fenoy GE, Götz A, Montes-García V, Valentini C, Qiu Z, Kleber C, Samorì P, Müllen K, Knoll W. "Clickable" graphene nanoribbons for biosensor interfaces. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:598-608. [PMID: 38385442 PMCID: PMC10962640 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00590a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of "clickable" graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and their application as a versatile interface for electrochemical biosensors. GNRs are successfully deposited on gold-coated working electrodes and serve as a platform for the covalent anchoring of a bioreceptor (i.e., a DNA aptamer), enabling selective and sensitive detection of Interleukin 6 (IL6). Moreover, when applied as the intermediate linker on reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-based field-effect transistors (FETs), the GNRs provide improved robustness compared to conventional aromatic bi-functional linker molecules. GNRs enable an orthogonal and covalent attachment of a recognition unit with a considerably higher probe density than previously established methods. Interestingly, we demonstrate that GNRs introduce photoluminescence (PL) when applied to rGO-based FETs, paving the way toward the simultaneous optical and electronic probing of the attached biointerface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Hasler
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500 Krems, Austria.
| | - Gonzalo E Fenoy
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1904DPI, Argentina
| | - Alicia Götz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Verónica Montes-García
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Cataldo Valentini
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Christoph Kleber
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500 Krems, Austria.
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Laboratory for Life Sciences and Technology (LiST), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500 Krems, Austria.
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6
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Cho H, Bae G, Hong BH. Engineering functionalization and properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with controllable synthesis for energy and display applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3347-3378. [PMID: 38288500 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05842e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), a new type of 0D nanomaterial, are composed of a graphene lattice with sp2 bonding carbon core and characterized by their abundant edges and wide surface area. This unique structure imparts excellent electrical properties and exceptional physicochemical adsorption capabilities to GQDs. Additionally, the reduction in dimensionality of graphene leads to an open band gap in GQDs, resulting in their unique optical properties. The functional groups and dopants in GQDs are key factors that allow the modulation of these characteristics. So, controlling the functionalization level of GQDs is crucial for understanding their characteristics and further application. This review provides an overview of the properties and structure of GQDs and summarizes recent developments in research that focus on their controllable synthesis, involving functional groups and doping. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive and focused explanation of how GQDs have been advantageously applied in recent years, particularly in the fields of energy storage devices and displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonwoo Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gaeun Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Graphene Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
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7
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Wang W, Sun P, Liu X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Tan YZ, Wang X. Radical Cations of Bilayer Nanographenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1017-1021. [PMID: 38295360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Chemical redox reactions of bilayer nanographene complexes, (C96H24Ar6)2 (Ar = 2,6-dimethylphenyl) (12) and (C42H12R6)2 (R = tBu) (22), were investigated. Upon two-electron oxidation reactions, 12 and 22 were transformed to radical cations 122•+ and 222•+, respectively. SQUID and EPR measurements on 122•+ and 222•+ indicate that they possess an open-shell singlet ground state with antiferromagnetic interactions between two layers. The shortest separation distance between bilayers in 222•+ (3.30 Å) is shorter than that in 22 (3.44 Å) and 22•+ (3.40 Å), illustrating stronger interaction upon loss of electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Peiyang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Xiangjun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Xiudu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Li G, Wang H, Loes M, Saxena A, Yin J, Sarker M, Choi S, Aluru N, Lyding JW, Sinitskii A, Dong G. Hybrid Edge Results in Narrowed Band Gap: Bottom-up Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Bent N = 6/8 Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4297-4307. [PMID: 38253346 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Scalable fabrication of graphene nanoribbons with narrow band gaps has been a nontrivial challenge. Here, we have developed a simple approach to access narrow band gaps using hybrid edge structures. Bottom-up liquid-phase synthesis of bent N = 6/8 armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) has been achieved in high efficiency through copolymerization between an o-terphenyl monomer and a naphthalene-based monomer, followed by Scholl oxidation. An unexpected 1,2-aryl migration has been discovered, which is responsible for introducing kinked structures into the GNR backbones. The N = 6/8 AGNRs have been fully characterized to support the proposed structure and show a narrow band gap and a relatively high electrical conductivity. In addition, their application in efficient gas sensing has also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Hanfei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael Loes
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Anshul Saxena
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jiangliang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mamun Sarker
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Shinyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Narayana Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joseph W Lyding
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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9
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E V, Ghadei SK, Ruidas S, Bhakta V, Sakthivel R, Sankaran KJ, Bhaumik A, Dalapati S. A Metal-Free Triazacoronene-Based Bimodal VOC Sensor. ACS Sens 2024; 9:251-261. [PMID: 38207113 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Developing suitable sensors for selective and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is crucial for monitoring indoor and outdoor air quality. VOCs are very harmful to our health upon inhalation or contact. Bimodal sensor materials with more than one transduction capability (optical and electrical) offer the ability to extract complementary information from the individual analyte, thus improving detection accuracy and performance. The privilege of manipulating the optoelectronic properties of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-based semiconducting materials offers rapid signal transduction in multimodal sensing applications. A thiophene-functionalized triazacoronene (TTAC) donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type sensor is reported here for VOC sensing. The single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of the TTAC revealed that a distinctive supramolecular polymer architecture was formed because of cooperative π-π and intermolecular D-A interactions and exhibited rapid signal transduction upon exposure to specific VOCs. The TTAC-embedded green luminescent paper-based test strip exhibited an on-off fluorescence response upon nitrobenzene vapor exposure for 120 s. The selective and rapid response is due to the fast photoinduced electron transfer, as is evident from the time-resolved excited-state dynamics and density functional theory studies. The thick-film-based prototype chemiresistive sensor detects harmful VOCs in a custom-made gas sensing system including benzene, toluene, and nitrobenzene. The TTAC sensor rapidly responds (200 s) at relatively low temperatures (180 οC) compared to other reported metal-oxide-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varadharajan E
- Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
| | - Surya Kanta Ghadei
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Santu Ruidas
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Viki Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India
| | - Ramasamy Sakthivel
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | | | - Asim Bhaumik
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Sasanka Dalapati
- Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
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10
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Khalid MI, Salem MSH, Takizawa S. Synthesis and Structural and Optical Behavior of Dehydrohelicene-Containing Polycyclic Compounds. Molecules 2024; 29:296. [PMID: 38257209 PMCID: PMC10819569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dehydrohelicene-based molecules stand out as highly promising scaffolds and captivating chiroptical materials, characterized by their unique chirality. Their quasi-helical π-conjugated molecular architecture, featuring successively ortho-annulated aromatic rings, endows them with remarkable thermal stability and optical properties. Over the past decade, diverse approaches have emerged for synthesizing these scaffolds, reinvigorating this field, with anticipated increased attention in the coming years. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical evolution of dehydrohelicene chemistry since the pioneering work of Zander and Franke in 1969 and highlights recent advancements in the synthesis of various molecules incorporating dehydrohelicene motifs. We elucidate the intriguing structural features and optical merits of these molecules, occasionally drawing comparisons with their helicene or circulene analogs to underscore the significance of the bond between the helical termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Imrul Khalid
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Mohamed S. H. Salem
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
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11
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Inose T, Toyouchi S, Hara S, Sugioka S, Walke P, Oyabu R, Fortuni B, Peeters W, Usami Y, Hirai K, De Feyter S, Uji-I H, Fujita Y, Tanaka H. Visualizing Ribbon-to-Ribbon Heterogeneity of Chemically Unzipped Wide Graphene Nanoribbons by Silver Nanowire-Based Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering Microscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2301841. [PMID: 37649218 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), a quasi-one-dimensional form of graphene, have gained tremendous attention due to their potential for next-generation nanoelectronic devices. The chemical unzipping of carbon nanotubes is one of the attractive fabrication methods to obtain single-layered GNRs (sGNRs) with simple and large-scale production. The authors recently found that unzipping from double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs), rather than single- or multi-walled, results in high-yield production of crystalline sGNRs. However, details of the resultant GNR structure, as well as the reaction mechanism, are not fully understood due to the necessity of nanoscale spectroscopy. In this regard, silver nanowire-based tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) is applied for single GNR analysis and investigated ribbon-to-ribbon heterogeneity in terms of defect density and edge structure generated through the unzipping process. The authors found that sGNRs originated from the inner walls of DWNTs showed lower defect densities than those from the outer walls. Furthermore, TERS spectra of sGNRs exhibit a large variety in graphitic Raman parameters, indicating a large variation in edge structures. This work at the single GNR level reveals, for the first time, ribbon-to-ribbon heterogeneity that can never be observed by diffraction-limited techniques and provides deeper insights into unzipped GNR structure as well as the DWNT unzipping reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Inose
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, iCeMS Research Bldg, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shuichi Toyouchi
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
- Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8570, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Hara
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Shoji Sugioka
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, N20W10, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Peter Walke
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
- Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn, 19086, Estonia
| | - Rikuto Oyabu
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Beatrice Fortuni
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Wannes Peeters
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Yuki Usami
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
- Research Center for Neuromorphic AI Hardware, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirai
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, N20W10, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
| | - Hiroshi Uji-I
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, iCeMS Research Bldg, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
- Research Institute for Electronic Science (RIES), Hokkaido University, N20W10, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Fujita
- Departement Chemie, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Heverlee, 3001, Belgium
- Toray Research Center, Inc., Sonoyama 3-3-7, Otsu, Shiga, 520-8567, Japan
- Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST Chugoku), Kagamiyama 3-11-32, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
- Research Center for Neuromorphic AI Hardware, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, 808-0196, Japan
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12
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Oró A, Romeo-Gella F, Perles J, Fernández-García JM, Corral I, Martín N. Tetrahedraphene: A Csp 3 -centered 3D Molecular Nanographene Showing Aggregation-Induced Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312314. [PMID: 37846849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up synthesis of 3D tetrakis(hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenyl)methane, "tetrahedraphene", is reported. This molecular nanographene constituted by four hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) units attached to a central sp3 carbon atom, shows a highly symmetric arrangement of the HBC units disposed in the apex of a tetrahedron. The X-ray crystal structure reveals a tetrahedral symmetry of the molecule and the packing in the crystal is achieved mostly by CH⋅⋅⋅π interactions since the interstitial solvent molecules prevent the π⋅⋅⋅π interactions. In solution, tetrahedraphene shows the same electrochemical and photophysical properties as the hexa-t Bu-substituted HBC (t Bu-HBC) molecule. However, upon water addition, it undergoes a fluorescence change in solution and in the precipitated solid, showing an aggregation induced emission (AIE) process, probably derived from the restriction in the rotation and/or vibration of the HBCs. Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) calculations reveal that upon aggregation, the high energy region of the emission band decreases in intensity, whereas the intensity of the red edge emission signal increases and presents a smoother decay, compared to the non-aggregated molecule. All in all, the excellent correlation between our simulations and the experimental findings allows explaining the colour change observed in the different solutions upon increasing the water fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Oró
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Romeo-Gella
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio de Difracción de Rayos X de Monocristal, SIdI, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Corral
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avd. Complutense S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Shen T, Zou Y, Hou X, Wei H, Ren L, Jiao L, Wu J. Bis-peri-dinaphtho-rylenes: Facile Synthesis via Radical-Mediated Coupling Reactions and their Distinctive Electronic Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311928. [PMID: 37735099 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a one-dimensional (1D), ribbon-like structure have the potential to serve as both model compounds for corresponding graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and as materials for optoelectronics applications. However, synthesizing molecules of this type with extended π-conjugation presents a significant challenge. In this study, we present a straightforward synthetic method for a series of bis-peri-dinaphtho-rylene molecules, wherein the peri-positions of perylene, quaterrylene, and hexarylene are fused with naphtho-units. These molecules were efficiently synthesized primarily through intramolecular or intermolecular radical coupling of in situ generated organic radical species. Their structures were confirmed using X-ray crystallographic analysis, which also revealed a slightly bent geometry due to the incorporation of a cyclopentadiene ring at the bay regions of the rylene backbones. Bond lengh analysis and theoretical calculations indicate that their electronic structures resemble pyrenacenes more than quinoidal rylenes. That is, the aromatic sextets are predominantly localized along the long axis of the skeletones. As the chain length increases, these molecules exhibit enhanced electronic absorption with a bathochromic shift, and multiple amphoteric redox waves. This study introduces a novel synthetic approach for generating 1D extended PAHs and GNRs, along with their structure-dependent electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shen
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350507, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Haipeng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Longbin Ren
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Liuying Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350507, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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14
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Wu YY, Wu YL, Lin CL, Chen HC, Chuang YY, Chen CH, Chou CM. Butterfly-Shaped Dibenz[ a, j]anthracenes: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties. Org Lett 2023; 25:7763-7768. [PMID: 37622587 PMCID: PMC10630963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for the synthesis of dibenz[a,j]anthracenes (DBAs) from cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-carboxylic acids is presented. Our approach involves sequential C-H olefination, cycloaddition, and decarboxylative aromatization. In the key step for DBA skeleton construction, the bis-C-H olefination products, 1,3-dienes, are utilized as substrates for [4 + 2] cycloaddition with benzyne. This concise synthetic route allows for regioselective ring formation and functional group introduction. The structural features and photophysical properties of the resulting DBA molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ying Wu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National University
of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng-Lan Lin
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang
University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Cheng Chen
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National University
of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yuan Chuang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National University
of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chou
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National University
of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
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15
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Ramírez-Barroso S, Romeo-Gella F, Fernández-García JM, Feng S, Martínez-Fernández L, García-Fresnadillo D, Corral I, Martín N, Wannemacher R. Curved Nanographenes: Multiple Emission, Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence, and Non-Radiative Decay. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212064. [PMID: 37094332 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The intriguing and rich photophysical properties of three curved nanographenes (CNG 6, 7, and 8) are investigated by time-resolved and temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. CNG 7 and 8 exhibit dual fluorescence, as well as dual phosphorescence at low temperature in the main PL bands. In addition, hot bands are detected in fluorescence as well as phosphorescence, and, in the narrow temperature range of 100-140 K, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with lifetimes on the millisecond time-scale is observed. These findings are rationalized by quantum-chemical simulations, which predict a single minimum of the S1 potential of CNG 6, but two S1 minima for CNG 7 and CNG 8, with considerable geometric reorganization between them, in agreement with the experimental findings. Additionally, a higher-lying S2 minimum close to S1 is optimized for the three CNG, from where emission is also possible due to thermal activation and, hence, non-Kasha behavior. The presence of higher-lying dark triplet states close to the S1 minima provides mechanistic evidence for the TADF phenomena observed. Non-radiative decay of the T1 state appears to be thermally activated with activation energies of roughly 100 meV and leads to disappearance of phosphorescence and TADF at T > 140 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ramírez-Barroso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Imdea Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | | | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Siyang Feng
- Imdea Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Lara Martínez-Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - David García-Fresnadillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Inés Corral
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Imdea Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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16
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Jiang Q, Wei H, Hou X, Chi C. Circumpentacene with Open-Shell Singlet Diradical Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306938. [PMID: 37338045 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Circumacenes (CAs) are a distinctive type of benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons where an acene unit is completely enclosed by a layer of outer fused benzene rings. Despite their unique structures, the synthesis of CAs is challenging, and until recently, the largest CA molecule synthesized was circumanthracene. In this study, we report the successful synthesis of an extended circumpentacene derivative 1, which represents the largest CA molecule synthesized to date. Its structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis and its electronic properties were systematically investigated by both experiments and theoretical calculations. It shows a unique open-shell diradical character due to the existence of extended zigzag edges, with a moderate diradical character index (y0 =39.7 %) and a small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES-T =-4.47 kcal/mol). It exhibits a dominant local aromatic character with π-electrons delocalized in the individual aromatic sextet rings. It has a small HOMO-LUMO energy gap and displays amphoteric redox behavior. The electronic structures of its dication and dianion can be considered as doubly charged structures in which two coronene units are fused with a central aromatic benzene ring. This study provides a new route toward stable multizigzag-edged graphene-like molecules with open-shell di/polyradical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Haipeng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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17
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Liu X, Sun B. One-Pot Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Applications in Bioimaging and Detecting Copper Ions in Living Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27333-27343. [PMID: 37546585 PMCID: PMC10399175 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Two natural carbon sources, glutamic acid and tyrosine, were used to fabricate strong green emission nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) with the one-pot pyrolysis method. The morphology of the prepared GQDs has been characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, showing a well-displayed crystalline structure with a lattice spacing of 0.262 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to analyze the surface functional groups and elemental composition, suggesting that the N-GQDs have active carboxylic and amino functional groups. Meanwhile, photoluminescence and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy were used to evaluate the optical properties of GQDs; the prepared N-GQDs show an excitation-dependent fluorescence behavior with a maximum excitation/emission wavelength at 460/522 nm, respectively. N-GQDs showed good photostability and the fluorescence intensity quenched about 10% after irradiating 2800 s in the experiment of time kinetic analysis. The MTT assay was utilized to assess the viability of N-GQDs; good biocompatibility with a relatively high quantum yield of 12% demonstrated the potential for serving as bioimaging agents. Besides, the selectivity study on metal ions indicates that the N-GQDs could be used in Cu2+ detection. The linear range is from 0.1 to 10 μM with a limit of detection of 0.06 μM. Overall, these proposed N-GQDs with one-pot synthesis showed their promising potential in cell imaging and Cu2+ monitoring applications involved in the biological environment.
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18
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Pei Z, Magann NL, Sowden MJ, Murphy RB, Gardiner MG, Sherburn MS, Coote ML. Computational and Experimental Confirmation of the Diradical Character of para-Quinonedimethide. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16037-16044. [PMID: 37462344 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The ground-state structure of the parent para-quinonedimethide (p-QDM) molecule is generally represented in its closed shell form, i.e., as a cyclic, nonaromatic, through-conjugated/cross-conjugated hybrid comprising four C═C bonds. Nonetheless, p-QDM has been theorized to contain a contribution from its open-shell aromatic singlet diradical form. VBSCF calculations identify an open-shell contribution of 29% to the structure, while CASPT2(16,16)/def2-TZVP and ωB97XD/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations predict that dimerization proceeds along an open-shell singlet diradical pathway with a low (77 kJ/mol) barrier toward dimerization, which occurs by way of C-C bond formation between the exocyclic methylene carbons. A similar low (98 kJ/mol) barrier exists toward the reaction between a p-QDM molecule and the radical trap TEMPO. These predictions are verified experimentally through the isolation of bis-TEMPO-trapped p-QDM, its C-C coupled dimer, and by demonstrating that a mixture of p-QDM and TEMPO can initiate the radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate at ambient temperature. In contrast to p-QDM, tetracyanoquinone (TCNQ) neither dimerizes nor reacts with TEMPO, despite having a similar diradical character to p-QDM. This lack of reactivity is consistent with both a higher kinetic barrier and a thermodynamically unfavorable process, which is ascribed to destabilizing steric clashes and polar effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Pei
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042 South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Magann
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Madison J Sowden
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Rhys B Murphy
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Michael G Gardiner
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Michael S Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042 South Australia, Australia
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19
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Luo H, Liu FZ, Liu Y, Chu Z, Yan K. Biasing Divergent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Oxidation Pathway by Solvent-Free Mechanochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37428958 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Precise control in reaction selectivity is the goal in modern organic synthesis, and it has been widely studied throughout the synthetic community. In comparison, control of divergent reactivity of a given reagent under different reaction conditions is relatively less explored aspect of chemical selectivity. We herein report an unusual reaction between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and periodic acid H5IO6 (1), where the product outcome is dictated by the choice of reaction conditions. That is, reactions under solution-based condition give preferentially C-H iodination products, while reactions under solvent-free mechanochemical condition provide C-H oxidation quinone products. Control experiments further indicated that the iodination product is not a reaction intermediate toward the oxidation product and vice versa. Mechanistic studies unveiled an in situ crystalline-to-crystalline phase change in 2 during ball-milling treatment, where we assigned it as a polymeric hydrogen-bond network of 1. We believe that this polymeric crystalline phase shields the more embedded electrophilic I═O group of 1 from C-H iodination and bias a divergent C-H oxidation pathway (with I═O) in the solid state. Collectively, this work demonstrates that mechanochemistry can be employed to completely switch a reaction pathway and unmask hidden reactivity of chemical reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Zi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyang Chu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - KaKing Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
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20
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Izquierdo-García P, Fernández-García JM, Medina Rivero S, Šámal M, Rybáček J, Bednárová L, Ramírez-Barroso S, Ramírez FJ, Rodríguez R, Perles J, García-Fresnadillo D, Crassous J, Casado J, Stará IG, Martín N. Helical Bilayer Nanographenes: Impact of the Helicene Length on the Structural, Electrochemical, Photophysical, and Chiroptical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11599-11610. [PMID: 37129470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Helical bilayer nanographenes (HBNGs) are chiral π-extended aromatic compounds consisting of two π-π stacked hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) joined by a helicene, thus resembling van der Waals layered 2D materials. Herein, we compare [9]HBNG, [10]HBNG, and [11]HBNG helical bilayers endowed with [9], [10], and [11]helicenes embedded in their structure, respectively. Interestingly, the helicene length defines the overlapping degree between the two HBCs (number of benzene rings involved in π-π interactions between the two layers), being 26, 14, and 10 benzene rings, respectively, according to the X-ray analysis. Unexpectedly, the electrochemical study shows that the lesser π-extended system [9]HBNG shows the strongest electron donor character, in part by interlayer exchange resonance, and more red-shifted values of emission. Furthermore, [9]HBNG also shows exceptional chiroptical properties with the biggest values of gabs and glum (3.6 × 10-2) when compared to [10]HBNG and [11]HBNG owing to the fine alignment in the configuration of [9]HBNG between its electric and magnetic dipole transition moments. Furthermore, spectroelectrochemical studies as well as the fluorescence spectroscopy support the aforementioned experimental findings, thus confirming the strong impact of the helicene length on the properties of this new family of bilayer nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, U.K
| | - Michal Šámal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Rybáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Ramírez-Barroso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ramírez
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS─Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio DRX Monocristal, SIdI, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David García-Fresnadillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS─Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Juan Casado
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Irena G Stará
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Ghanam J, Chetty VK, Zhu X, Liu X, Gelléri M, Barthel L, Reinhardt D, Cremer C, Thakur BK. Single Molecule Localization Microscopy for Studying Small Extracellular Vesicles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205030. [PMID: 36635058 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are 30-200 nm nanovesicles enriched with unique cargoes of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. sEVs are released by all cell types and have emerged as a critical mediator of cell-to-cell communication. Although many studies have dealt with the role of sEVs in health and disease, the exact mechanism of sEVs biogenesis and uptake remain unexplored due to the lack of suitable imaging technologies. For sEVs functional studies, imaging has long relied on conventional fluorescence microscopy that has only 200-300 nm resolution, thereby generating blurred images. To break this resolution limit, recent developments in super-resolution microscopy techniques, specifically single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), expanded the understanding of subcellular details at the few nanometer level. SMLM success relies on the use of appropriate fluorophores with excellent blinking properties. In this review, the basic principle of SMLM is highlighted and the state of the art of SMLM use in sEV biology is summarized. Next, how SMLM techniques implemented for cell imaging can be translated to sEV imaging is discussed by applying different labeling strategies to study sEV biogenesis and their biomolecular interaction with the distant recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Ghanam
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Xingfu Zhu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Márton Gelléri
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lennart Barthel
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, Center for Translational Neuro and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Cremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Basant Kumar Thakur
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
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22
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Luo T, Wang Y, Hao J, Chen PA, Hu Y, Chen B, Zhang J, Yang K, Zeng Z. Furan-Extended Helical Rylenes with Fjord Edge Topology and Tunable Optoelectronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214653. [PMID: 36470852 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lateral furan-expansion of polycyclic aromatics, which enables multiple O-doping and peripheral edge evolution of rylenes, is developed for the first time. Tetrafuranylperylene TPF-4CN and octafuranylquaterrylene OFQ-8CN were prepared as model compounds bearing unique fjord edge topology and helical conformations. Compared to TPF-4CN, the higher congener OFQ-8CN displays a largely red-shifted (≈333 nm) and intensified absorption band (λmax =829 nm) as well as a narrowed electrochemical band gap (≈1.08 eV) due to its pronounced π-delocalization and emerging of open-shell diradicaloid upon the increase of fjord edge length. Moreover, strong circular dichroism signals in a broad range until 900 nm are observed for open-shell chiral OFQ-8CN, owing to the excellent conformational stability of its central bis(tetraoxa[5]helicene) fragments. Our studies provide insights into the relationships between edge topologies and (chir)optoelectronic properties for this novel type of O-doped PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Luo
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanpei Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jiahang Hao
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ping-An Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230039, P. R. China
| | - Kun Yang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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23
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Xu X, Vonder Haar AL, Yoshioka R, Zhang Q, Vasylevskyi S, Musser AJ, Narita A. Solvent-tunable exciton-charge transfer mixed state enhances emission of functionalized benzo[ rst]pentaphene through symmetry breaking. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:720-723. [PMID: 36541159 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05369a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A benzo[rst]pentaphene (BPP) substituted by two bis(methoxyphenyl)amino (MeOPA) groups (BPP-MeOPA) was synthesized and clearly characterized by NMR and single-crystal X-ray analysis. Detailed investigations of its photophysical properties, including transient absorption spectroscopy analyses, revealed that the introduction of the MeOPA groups breaks the symmetry of the BPP core, improving its absorption and emission from an S1 state with both excitonic and charge-transfer character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Amy L Vonder Haar
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Rengo Yoshioka
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Qizheng Zhang
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Engineering Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Andrew J Musser
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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24
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Yao L, Chen A, Li Li, Liu Y. Preparation, properties, applications and outlook of graphene-based materials in biomedical field: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE, POLYMER EDITION 2022; 34:1121-1156. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2155781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anqi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of New Drug Research & Development, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
- Liaoning University, Judicial Expertise Center, Shenyang 110036, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Yin J, Jacobse PH, Pyle D, Wang Z, Crommie MF, Dong G. Programmable Fabrication of Monodisperse Graphene Nanoribbons via Deterministic Iterative Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16012-16019. [PMID: 36017775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
While enormous progress has been achieved in synthesizing atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), the preparation of GNRs with a fully predetermined length and monomer sequence remains an unmet challenge. Here, we report a fabrication method that provides access to structurally diverse and monodisperse "designer" GNRs through utilization of an iterative synthesis strategy, in which a single monomer is incorporated into an oligomer chain during each chemical cycle. Surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation is subsequently employed to generate the final nanoribbons, and bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy is utilized to characterize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangliang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Peter H Jacobse
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel Pyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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26
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Xu X, Serra G, Villa A, Muñoz-Mármol R, Vasylevskyi S, Gadea M, Lucotti A, Lin Z, Boj PG, Kabe R, Tommasini M, Díaz-García MÁ, Scotognella F, Paternò GM, Narita A. Synthesis of zigzag- and fjord-edged nanographene with dual amplified spontaneous emission. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13040-13045. [DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04208h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dibenzo[a,m]dinaphtho[ef,hi]coronene with zigzag and fjord edges was synthesized and characterized, demonstrating a nonplanar structure with near-infrared stimulated emission with a relatively long lifetime and dual-amplified spontaneous emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘G. Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Villa
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Mármol
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Engineering Section, Research Support Division, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Marcos Gadea
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘G. Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Zensen Lin
- Organic Optoelectronic Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Pedro G. Boj
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Ryota Kabe
- Organic Optoelectronic Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica ‘G. Natta’, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - María Á. Díaz-García
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante 03080, Spain
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | | | - Akimitsu Narita
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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