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Xu Y, Wang Y, Ning K, Bao Y. Unraveling the Mechanisms of S100A8/A9 in Myocardial Injury and Dysfunction. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:9707-9720. [PMID: 39329929 PMCID: PMC11429546 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46090577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
S100A8 and S100A9, which are prominent members of the calcium-binding protein S100 family and recognized as calprotectin, form a robust heterodimer known as S100A8/A9, crucial for the manifestation of their diverse biological effects. Currently, there is a consensus that S100A8/A9 holds promise as a biomarker for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), exerting an influence on cardiomyocytes or the cardiovascular system through multifaceted mechanisms that contribute to myocardial injury or dysfunction. In particular, the dualistic nature of S100A8/A9, which functions as both an inflammatory mediator and an anti-inflammatory agent, has garnered significantly increasing attention. This comprehensive review explores the intricate mechanisms through which S100A8/A9 operates in cardiovascular diseases, encompassing its bidirectional regulatory role in inflammation, the initiation of mitochondrial dysfunction, the dual modulation of myocardial fibrosis progression, and apoptosis and autophagy. The objective is to provide new information on and strategies for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yimin Bao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.X.); (Y.W.); (K.N.)
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2
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Zhang L, Feng Q, Kong W. ECM Microenvironment in Vascular Homeostasis: New Targets for Atherosclerosis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38984789 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00028.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) components, interactions, and mechanical properties influence both the formation and stability of atherosclerotic plaques. This review discusses the contribution of the ECM microenvironment in vascular homeostasis and remodeling in atherosclerosis, highlighting Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and its degrading enzyme ADAMTS7 as examples, and proposes potential avenues for future research aimed at identifying novel therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis based on the ECM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianqian Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
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3
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Gardner RS, Kyle M, Hughes K, Zhao LR. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Immunomodulatory Effects of Stem Cell Factor and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Treatment in the Brains of Aged APP/PS1 Mice. Biomolecules 2024; 14:827. [PMID: 39062541 PMCID: PMC11275138 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to progressive neurodegeneration and dementia. AD primarily affects older adults with neuropathological changes including amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. We have previously demonstrated that systemic treatment with combined stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (SCF+G-CSF) reduces the Aβ load, increases Aβ uptake by activated microglia and macrophages, reduces neuroinflammation, and restores dendrites and synapses in the brains of aged APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice. However, the mechanisms underlying SCF+G-CSF-enhanced brain repair in aged APP/PS1 mice remain unclear. This study used a transcriptomic approach to identify the potential mechanisms by which SCF+G-CSF treatment modulates microglia and peripheral myeloid cells to mitigate AD pathology in the aged brain. After injections of SCF+G-CSF for 5 consecutive days, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on CD11b+ cells isolated from the brains of 28-month-old APP/PS1 mice. The vast majority of cell clusters aligned with transcriptional profiles of microglia in various activation states. However, SCF+G-CSF treatment dramatically increased a cell population showing upregulation of marker genes related to peripheral myeloid cells. Flow cytometry data also revealed an SCF+G-CSF-induced increase of cerebral CD45high/CD11b+ active phagocytes. SCF+G-CSF treatment robustly increased the transcription of genes implicated in immune cell activation, including gene sets that regulate inflammatory processes and cell migration. The expression of S100a8 and S100a9 was robustly enhanced following SCF+G-CSF treatment in all CD11b+ cell clusters. Moreover, the topmost genes differentially expressed with SCF+G-CSF treatment were largely upregulated in S100a8/9-positive cells, suggesting a well-conserved transcriptional profile related to SCF+G-CSF treatment in resident and peripherally derived CD11b+ immune cells. This S100a8/9-associated transcriptional profile contained notable genes related to pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, neuroprotection, and Aβ plaque inhibition or clearance. Altogether, this study reveals the immunomodulatory effects of SCF+G-CSF treatment in the aged brain with AD pathology, which will guide future studies to further uncover the therapeutic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li-Ru Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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4
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Gardner R, Kyle M, Hughes K, Zhao LR. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals immunomodulatory effects of stem cell factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment in the brains of aged APP/PS1 mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.09.593359. [PMID: 38766064 PMCID: PMC11100789 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.593359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimers disease leads to progressive neurodegeneration and dementia. Alzheimers disease primarily affects older adults with neuropathological changes including amyloid beta deposition, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. We have previously demonstrated that systemic treatment with combined stem cell factor, SCF, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor, GCSF, reduces amyloid beta load, increases amyloid beta uptake by activated microglia and macrophages, reduces neuroinflammation, and restores dendrites and synapses in the brains of aged APP-PS1 mice. However, the mechanisms underlying SCF-GCSF-enhanced brain repair in aged APP-PS1 mice remain unclear. This study used a transcriptomic approach to identify potential mechanisms by which SCF-GCSF treatment modulates microglia and peripheral myeloid cells to mitigate Alzheimers disease pathology in the aged brain. After injections of SCF-GCSF for 5 consecutive days, single cell RNA sequencing was performed on CD11b positive cells isolated from the brains of 28-month-old APP-PS1 mice. The vast majority of cell clusters aligned with transcriptional profiles of microglia in various activation states. However, SCF-GCSF treatment dramatically increased a cell population showing upregulation of marker genes related to peripheral myeloid cells. Flow cytometry data also revealed an SCF-GCSF-induced increase of cerebral CD45high-CD11b positive active phagocytes. SCF-GCSF treatment robustly increased the transcription of genes implicated in immune cell activation, including gene sets that regulate inflammatory processes and cell migration. Expression of S100a8 and S100a9 were robustly enhanced following SCF-GCSF treatment in all CD11b positive cell clusters. Moreover, the topmost genes differentially expressed with SCF-GCSF treatment were largely upregulated in S100a8-S100a9 positive cells, suggesting a well-conserved transcriptional profile related to SCF-GCSF treatment in resident and peripherally derived CD11b positive immune cells. This S100a8-S100a9-associated transcriptional profile contained notable genes related to proinflammatory and antiinflammatory responses, neuroprotection, and amyloid beta plaque inhibition or clearance. Altogether, this study reveals immunomodulatory effects of SCF-GCSF treatment in the aged brain with Alzheimers disease pathology, which will guide future studies to further uncover the therapeutic mechanisms.
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Ursino G, Lucibello G, Teixeira PDS, Höfler A, Veyrat-Durebex C, Odouard S, Visentin F, Galgano L, Somm E, Vianna CR, Widmer A, Jornayvaz FR, Boland A, Ramadori G, Coppari R. S100A9 exerts insulin-independent antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj4686. [PMID: 38170783 PMCID: PMC10796079 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by insulin deficiency leading to hyperglycemia and several metabolic defects. Insulin therapy remains the cornerstone of T1DM management, yet it increases the risk of life-threatening hypoglycemia and the development of major comorbidities. Here, we report an insulin signaling-independent pathway able to improve glycemic control in T1DM rodents. Co-treatment with recombinant S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) enabled increased adherence to glycemic targets with half as much insulin and without causing hypoglycemia. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the hyperglycemia-suppressing action of S100A9 is due to a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent increase in glucose uptake in specific skeletal muscles (i.e., soleus and diaphragm). In addition, we found that T1DM mice have abnormal systemic inflammation, which is resolved by S100A9 therapy alone (or in combination with low insulin), hence uncovering a potent anti-inflammatory action of S100A9 in T1DM. In summary, our findings reveal the S100A9-TLR4 skeletal muscle axis as a promising therapeutic target for improving T1DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ursino
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Lucibello
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pryscila D. S. Teixeira
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Höfler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Veyrat-Durebex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Soline Odouard
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Visentin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luca Galgano
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Somm
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic patient education, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudia R. Vianna
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ariane Widmer
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R. Jornayvaz
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic patient education, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boland
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Ramadori
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Coppari
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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6
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von Wulffen M, Luehrmann V, Robeck S, Russo A, Fischer-Riepe L, van den Bosch M, van Lent P, Loser K, Gabrilovich DI, Hermann S, Roth J, Vogl T. S100A8/A9-alarmin promotes local myeloid-derived suppressor cell activation restricting severe autoimmune arthritis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113006. [PMID: 37610870 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-suppressive effects of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are well characterized during anti-tumor immunity. The complex mechanisms promoting MDSC development and their regulatory effects during autoimmune diseases are less understood. We demonstrate that the endogenous alarmin S100A8/A9 reprograms myeloid cells to a T cell suppressing phenotype during autoimmune arthritis. Treatment of myeloid precursors with S100-alarmins during differentiation induces MDSCs in a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner. Consequently, knockout of S100A8/A9 aggravates disease activity in collagen-induced arthritis due to a deficit of MDSCs in local lymph nodes, which could be corrected by adoptive transfer of S100-induced MDSCs. Blockade of MDSC function in vivo aggravates disease severity in arthritis. Therapeutic application of S100A8 induces MDSCs in vivo and suppresses the inflammatory phenotype of S100A9ko mice. Accordingly, the interplay of T cell-mediated autoimmunity with a defective innate immune regulation is crucial for autoimmune arthritis, which should be considered for future innovative therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike von Wulffen
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Robeck
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Antonella Russo
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Martijn van den Bosch
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van Lent
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Loser
- Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center of Clinical Research (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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7
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Ortín-Bustillo A, Botía M, López-Martínez MJ, Martínez-Subiela S, Cerón JJ, González-Bulnes A, Manzanilla EG, Goyena E, Tecles F, Muñoz-Prieto A. Changes in S100A8/A9 and S100A12 and Their Comparison with Other Analytes in the Saliva of Pigs with Diarrhea Due to E. coli. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2556. [PMID: 37627347 PMCID: PMC10451909 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of calgranulins includes S100A8 (calgranulin A), S100A9 (calgranulin B), which can appear as a heterodimer known as S100A8/A9 or calprotectin, and S100A12 (calgranulin C). These proteins are related to different inflammatory conditions, immune-mediated diseases, and sepsis and are considered biomarkers of potential interest. This study aims to evaluate if S100A8/A9 and A12 could change in pigs with diarrhea due to E. coli and to compare the changes of S100A8/A9 and A12 with other analytes in order to explore the possible causes or mechanisms involved. For this purpose, a panel integrated by analytes related to inflammation (haptoglobin, inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor 4 (ITIH4), and total protein); immune system (adenosine deaminase, ADA); stress (alpha-amylase); tissue damage (lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)); sepsis (aldolase) and redox status (ferric-reducing ability of saliva (FRAS) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)) was evaluated. S100A8/A9 and A12 and the other analytes measured in this study showed increases in the saliva of pigs with diarrhea due to E. coli. S100A8/A9 and/or A12 showed a significant correlation of different magnitude with some of the other analytes evaluated. Further studies should be conducted to gain knowledge about the possible practical applications as biomarkers of the measurements of S100A8/A9 and A12 in the saliva of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ortín-Bustillo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (M.B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (S.M.-S.); (J.J.C.); (F.T.)
| | - María Botía
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (M.B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (S.M.-S.); (J.J.C.); (F.T.)
| | - María José López-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (M.B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (S.M.-S.); (J.J.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (M.B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (S.M.-S.); (J.J.C.); (F.T.)
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (M.B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (S.M.-S.); (J.J.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Antonio González-Bulnes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, C/Tirant lo Blanc, 7, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
- Cuarte S.L. Grupo Jorge, Ctra. De Logroño, Km 9,2., Monzalbarba, 50120 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Edgar García Manzanilla
- Pig Development Department, The Irish Food and Agriculture Authority, Teagasc, Moorepark, P61 C996 Fermoy, Ireland;
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elena Goyena
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (M.B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (S.M.-S.); (J.J.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (INTERLAB-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.-B.); (M.B.); (M.J.L.-M.); (S.M.-S.); (J.J.C.); (F.T.)
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Cerón JJ, Ortín-Bustillo A, López-Martínez MJ, Martínez-Subiela S, Eckersall PD, Tecles F, Tvarijonaviciute A, Muñoz-Prieto A. S-100 Proteins: Basics and Applications as Biomarkers in Animals with Special Focus on Calgranulins (S100A8, A9, and A12). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:881. [PMID: 37372165 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
S100 proteins are a group of calcium-binding proteins which received this name because of their solubility in a 100% saturated solution of ammonium sulphate. They have a similar molecular mass of 10-12 KDa and share 25-65% similarity in their amino acid sequence. They are expressed in many tissues, and to date 25 different types of S100 proteins have been identified. This review aims to provide updated information about S100 proteins and their use as biomarkers in veterinary science, with special emphasis on the family of calgranulins that includes S100A8 (calgranulin A; myeloid-related protein 8, MRP8), S100A9 (calgranulin B; MRP14), and S100A12 (calgranulin C). The proteins SA100A8 and S100A9 can be linked, forming a heterodimer which is known as calprotectin. Calgranulins are related to the activation of inflammation and the immune system and increase in gastrointestinal diseases, inflammation and sepsis, immunomediated diseases, and obesity and endocrine disorders in different animal species. This review reflects the current knowledge about calgranulins in veterinary science, which should increase in the future to clarify their role in different diseases and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, as well as the practical use of their measurement in non-invasive samples such as saliva or feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alba Ortín-Bustillo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María José López-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Peter David Eckersall
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Díaz-Perlas C, Ricken B, Farrera-Soler L, Guschin D, Pojer F, Lau K, Gerhold CB, Heinis C. High-affinity peptides developed against calprotectin and their application as synthetic ligands in diagnostic assays. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2774. [PMID: 37198182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Common inflammatory disorders such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are non-invasively diagnosed or monitored by the biomarker calprotectin. However, current quantitative tests for calprotectin are antibody-based and vary depending on the type of antibody and assay used. Additionally, the binding epitopes of applied antibodies are not characterized by structures and for most antibodies it is unclear if they detect calprotectin dimer, tetramer, or both. Herein, we develop calprotectin ligands based on peptides, that offer advantages such as homogenous chemical composition, heat-stability, site-directed immobilization, and chemical synthesis at high purity and at low cost. By screening a 100-billion peptide phage display library against calprotectin, we identified a high-affinity peptide (Kd = 26 ± 3 nM) that binds to a large surface region (951 Å2) as shown by X-ray structure analysis. The peptide uniquely binds the calprotectin tetramer, which enabled robust and sensitive quantification of a defined species of calprotectin by ELISA and lateral flow assays in patient samples, and thus offers an ideal affinity reagent for next-generation inflammatory disease diagnostic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Díaz-Perlas
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Ricken
- BÜHLMANN Laboratories AG, Baselstrasse 55, CH-4124, Schönenbuch, Switzerland
| | - Lluc Farrera-Soler
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dmitrii Guschin
- BÜHLMANN Laboratories AG, Baselstrasse 55, CH-4124, Schönenbuch, Switzerland
| | - Florence Pojer
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kelvin Lau
- Protein Production and Structure Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Heinis
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Möller A, Jauch-Speer SL, Gandhi S, Vogl T, Roth J, Fehler O. The roles of toll-like receptor 4, CD33, CD68, CD69, or CD147/EMMPRIN for monocyte activation by the DAMP S100A8/S100A9. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1110185. [PMID: 37056775 PMCID: PMC10086345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1110185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The S100A8/A9 heterocomplex is an abundant damage-associated molecular pattern and mainly expressed by monocytes, inflammatory activated keratinocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes. The heterocomplex as well as the heterotetramer are involved in a variety of diseases and tumorous processes. However, their detailed mode of action and especially which receptors are involved hereby remains to be fully revealed. Several cell surface receptors are reported to interact with S100A8 and/or S100A9, the best studied being the pattern recognition receptor TLR4. RAGE, CD33, CD68, CD69, and CD147, all of them are involved as receptors in various inflammatory processes, are also among these putative binding partners for S100A8 and S100A9. Interactions between S100 proteins and these receptors described so far come from a wide variety of cell culture systems but their biological relevance in vivo for the inflammatory response of myeloid immune cells is not yet clear. In this study, we compared the effect of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated targeted deletion of CD33, CD68, CD69, and CD147 in ER-Hoxb8 monocytes on S100A8 or S100A9 induced cytokine release with TLR4 knockout monocytes. Whereas deletion of TLR4 abolished the S100-induced inflammatory response in monocyte stimulation experiments with both S100A8 and S100A9, knockouts of CD33, CD68, CD69, or CD147 revealed no effect on the cytokine response in monocytes. Thus, TLR4 is the dominant receptor for S100-triggered inflammatory activation of monocytes.
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Jiménez-Fernández M, de la Fuente H, Martín P, Cibrián D, Sánchez-Madrid F. Unraveling CD69 signaling pathways, ligands and laterally associated molecules. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:334-351. [PMID: 37223078 PMCID: PMC10201016 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-5751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
CD69 is an early leukocyte activation marker involved in the regulation of the immune response. Initial in vitro studies evaluated its function using monoclonal antibodies until knock-out mice were developed. Subsequently, four ligands for CD69 have been identified, namely galectin-1, S100A8/S100A9 complex, myosin light chains 9 and 12, and oxidized low-density lipoproteins. In addition, several molecules are laterally associated with and regulated by CD69, including calreticulin and two transmembrane receptors, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1P1) and the heterodimeric amino acid transporter complex SLC7A5-SLC3A2 (LAT1-CD98). Recently, CD69 engagement has been shown to induce the expression of the immunoregulatory receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in T cells. The molecular signaling induced by CD69 has been explored in different scenarios and cell types. This review provides a perspective on the molecular pathways, ligands and cellular functions known to be regulated by CD69.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jiménez-Fernández
- Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 29029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Martín
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 29029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Danay Cibrián
- Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 29029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 29029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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S100A8/S100A9 Integrates F-Actin and Microtubule Dynamics to Prevent Uncontrolled Extravasation of Leukocytes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030835. [PMID: 36979814 PMCID: PMC10045313 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune reactions are characterized by the rapid immigration of phagocytes into sites of inflammation. Meticulous regulation of these migratory processes is crucial for preventing uncontrolled and harmful phagocyte extravasation. S100A8/S100A9 is the major calcium-binding protein complex expressed in phagocytes. After release, this complex acts as a proinflammatory alarmin in the extracellular space, but the intracellular functions of these highly abundant proteins are less clear. Results of this study reveal an important role of S100A8/S100A9 in coordinated cytoskeleton rearrangement during migration. We found that S100A8/S100A9 was able to cross-link F-actin and microtubules in a calcium- and phosphorylation-dependent manner. Cells deficient in S100A8/S100A9 showed abnormalities in cell adhesion and motility. Missing cytoskeletal interactions of S100A8/S100A9 caused differences in the surface expression and activation of β1-integrins as well as in the regulation of Src/Syk kinase family members. Loss of S100A8/S100A9 led to dysregulated integrin-mediated adhesion and migration, resulting in an overall higher dynamic activity of non-activated S100A8/S100A9-deficient phagocytes. Our data suggest that intracellular S100A8/S100A9 is part of a novel regulatory mechanism that ensures the precise control necessary to facilitate the change between the quiescent and activated state of phagocytes.
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Lin C, Garcia-Gerique L, Bonner EE, Mastio J, Rosenwasser M, Cruz Z, Lawler M, Bernabei L, Muthumani K, Liu Q, Poncz M, Vogl T, Törngren M, Eriksson H, Vogl DT, Gabrilovich DI, Nefedova Y. S100A8/S100A9 Promote Progression of Multiple Myeloma via Expansion of Megakaryocytes. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:420-430. [PMID: 36923707 PMCID: PMC10010194 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells that accumulate preferentially in the bone marrow (BM). The tumor microenvironment is one of the leading factors that promote tumor progression. Neutrophils and monocytes are a major part of the BM tumor microenvironment, but the mechanism of their contribution to multiple myeloma progression remains unclear. Here, we describe a novel mechanism by which S100A8/S100A9 proteins produced by BM neutrophils and monocytes promote the expansion of megakaryocytes supporting multiple myeloma progression. S100A8/S100A9 alone was not sufficient to drive megakaryopoiesis but markedly enhanced the effect of thrombopoietin, an effect that was mediated by Toll-like receptor 4 and activation of the STAT5 transcription factor. Targeting S100A9 with tasquinimod as a single agent and in combination with lenalidomide and with proteasome inhibitors has potent antimyeloma effect that is at least partly independent of the adaptive immune system. This newly identified axis of signaling involving myeloid cells and megakaryocytes may provide a new avenue for therapeutic targeting in multiple myeloma. Significance We identified a novel mechanism by which myeloid cells promote myeloma progression independently of the adaptive immune system. Specifically, we discovered a novel role of S100A8/S100A9, the most abundant proteins produced by neutrophils and monocytes, in regulation of myeloma progression via promotion of the megakaryocyte expansion and angiogenesis. Tasquinimod, an inhibitor of S100A9, has potent antimyeloma effects as a single agent and in combination with lenalidomide and with proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Lin
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Jerome Mastio
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- ICC, Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Zachary Cruz
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Luca Bernabei
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kar Muthumani
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania
| | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mortimer Poncz
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Dan T. Vogl
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dmitry I. Gabrilovich
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- ICC, Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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Role of S100A8/A9 in Platelet-Neutrophil Complex Formation during Acute Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233944. [PMID: 36497202 PMCID: PMC9738100 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to pulmonary infections is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Upon inflammation, the alarmin S100A8/A9 is released and stimulates neutrophil recruitment mainly via binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). TLR4 is also expressed on platelets, which modulate the immune response through direct interaction with leukocytes. In a murine model of Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pulmonary inflammation, global S100A9 deficiency resulted in diminished neutrophil recruitment into the lung alveoli and neutrophil accumulation in the intravascular space, indicating an impaired neutrophil migration. A lack of TLR4 on platelets resulted in reduced neutrophil counts in the whole lung, emphasising the impact of TLR4-mediated platelet activity on neutrophil behaviour. Flow cytometry-based analysis indicated elevated numbers of platelet-neutrophil complexes in the blood of S100A9-/- mice. Intravital microscopy of the murine cremaster muscle confirmed these findings and further indicated a significant increase in neutrophil-platelet complex formation in S100A9-/- mice, which was reversed by administration of the S100A8/A9 tetramer. An in vitro bilayer assay simulated the murine alveolar capillary barrier during inflammation and validated significant differences in transmigration behaviour between wild-type and S100A9-/- neutrophils. This study demonstrates the role of S100A8/A9 during platelet-neutrophil interactions and neutrophil recruitment during pulmonary inflammation.
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