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Shetty VV, Shetty SS. Exploring the gut microbiome and head and neck cancer interplay. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 263:155603. [PMID: 39368364 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome, a complex community of microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, plays a crucial role in maintaining human health and influencing disease outcomes. Recent advancements in sequencing technologies have revealed the intricate relationship between gut microbiota and various health conditions. This review explores the impact of gut microbiome dysbiosis on immune function, chronic inflammation, and cancer progression. Dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance in microbial populations, can lead to immune dysfunction, creating a pro-inflammatory environment conducive to tumorigenesis. Gut microbiome metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, also play a significant role in modulating these processes. The interplay between these factors contributes to the development and progression of HNC. Furthermore, this review highlights the potential of therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiome, including probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modifications, to restore microbial balance and mitigate cancer risk. Understanding the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome influences HNC can provide valuable insights into novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. Future research should focus on elucidating the specific microbial taxa and metabolites involved in HNC, as well as the impact of lifestyle factors such as diet, alcohol consumption, and oral hygiene on the gut microbiome. By leveraging the growing knowledge of the gut microbiome, it may be possible to develop personalized approaches to cancer prevention and treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeksha V Shetty
- Nitte (Deemed To Be University), KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Central Research Laboratory, Cellomics, Lipidomics and Molecular Genetics Division, India
| | - Shilpa S Shetty
- Nitte (Deemed To Be University), KS Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Central Research Laboratory, Cellomics, Lipidomics and Molecular Genetics Division, India.
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Li C, Shu P, Shi T, Chen Y, Mei P, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Du X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Liu B, Sheng Z, Chan S, Dan Z. Predicting the potential deterioration of Barrett's esophagus based on gut microbiota: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Mamm Genome 2024; 35:399-413. [PMID: 38886201 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-024-10042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is one of the most malignant tumors in the digestive system. To make thing worse, the scarcity of treatment options is disheartening. However, if detected early, there is a possibility of reversing the condition. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of relevant early screening methods. Considering that Barrett's esophagus (BE), a precursor lesion of EAC, has been confirmed as the only known precursor of EAC. Analyzing which BE cases will progress to EAC and understanding the processes and mechanisms involved is of great significance for early screening of such patients. Considering the significant alterations in the gut microbiota of patients with BE and its potential role in the progression to EAC, this study aims to analyze the relationship between BE, EAC, and GM to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study utilized comprehensive statistical data on gut microbiota from a large-scale genome-wide association meta-analysis conducted by the MiBioGen consortium (n = 18,340). Subsequently, we selected a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that fell below the genome-wide significance threshold (1 × 10-5) as instrumental variables. To investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and BE and EAC, we employed various MR analysis methods, including Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median (WM), and weighted mean. Additionally, we assessed the level of pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and stability of genetic variations through MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, Cochran's Q test, and "leave-one-out" sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, we conducted reverse MR analysis to identify the causal relationships between gut microbiota and BE and EAC. The results from the Inverse Variance-Weighted (IVW) analysis indicate that Alistipes (P = 4.86 × 10-2), Lactobacillus (P = 2.11 × 10-2), Prevotella 7 (P = 4.28 × 10-2), and RuminococcaceaeUCG004 (P = 4.34 × 10-2) are risk factors for Barrett's esophagus (BE), while Flavonifractor (P = 8.81 × 10-3) and RuminococcaceaeUCG004 (P = 4.99 × 10-2) are risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). On the other hand, certain gut microbiota genera appear to have a protective effect against both BE and EAC. These include Eubacterium (nodatum group) (P = 4.51 × 10-2), Holdemania (P = 1.22 × 10-2), and Lactococcus (P = 3.39 × 10-2) in the BE cohort, as well as Eubacterium (hallii group) (P = 4.07 × 10-2) and Actinomyces (P = 3.62 × 10-3) in the EAC cohort. According to the results of reverse MR analysis, no significant causal effects of BE and EAC on gut microbiota were observed. Furthermore, no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy was detected in the instrumental variables. We have established a causal relationship between the gut microbiota and BE and EAC. This study holds profound significance for screening BE patients who may be at risk of deterioration, as it can provide them with timely medical interventions to reverse the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghan Li
- First Clinical Medical College (First Affiliated Hospital), Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Panyin Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
| | - Taiyu Shi
- First Clinical Medical College (First Affiliated Hospital), Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuerong Chen
- First Clinical Medical College (First Affiliated Hospital), Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ping Mei
- Department of Radiology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui Province, 246000, China
| | - Yizhong Zhang
- College of Anesthesia, Wannan Medical College, No. 22 Wenchang West Road, Yijiang District, Wuhu City, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xinyan Du
- First Clinical Medical College (First Affiliated Hospital), Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jianning Wang
- First Clinical Medical College (First Affiliated Hospital), Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College (First Affiliated Hospital), Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Bin Liu
- First Clinical Medical College (First Affiliated Hospital), Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhijin Sheng
- Department of Physical Education, College of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Shixin Chan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Zhangyong Dan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Sulaiman Y, Pacauskienė IM, Šadzevičienė R, Anuzyte R. Oral and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Due to Periodontitis: Systemic Implications and Links to Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Narrative Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1416. [PMID: 39336457 PMCID: PMC11433653 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60091416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis can disrupt oral and gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis that affects overall systemic health. Besides the spread of periodontal pathogens by the hematogenous route, they can also be translocated into the gastrointestinal tract, possibly intervening in the neoplastic process in the gastrointestinal tract. This manuscript reviews the relationship between oral and gut microbiota due to periodontitis, discussing systemic health implications and potential links to gastrointestinal cancer. This article highlights the significance and effect of dysbiosis in the gut, emphasizing the importance of maintaining oral health to prevent systemic diseases. Lastly, it will go through therapeutic innovations such as probiotics and oral microbiota analysis tools for systemic disease detection. These findings will mark the integration of oral health management in clinical practice to lower systemic disease risk and improve overall patient outcomes. Aim of work: This manuscript aims to unravel the pathological interaction between oral and gut microbiota and their bidirectional effect on systemic diseases. Materials and methods: The review was performed using the MEDLINE and ScienceDirect databases. Reviewed articles were published in English between the year 2015 and 2024. The search used keywords such as ("oral microbiota" AND "periodontal disease") OR ("oral microbiota" AND "gastrointestinal cancer") OR ("Porphyromonas gingivalis" AND "periodontal disease") OR ("Helicobacter pylori" AND "gastric cancer") OR ("gut microbiome" AND "inflammatory bowel disease") OR ("oral microbiome" AND "systemic diseases"). Conclusions: The dysbiotic change in the oral cavity due to periodontitis is linked directly and indirectly to systemic diseases such as IBS, neurodegenerative diseases, muscle joint diseases, respiratory infections, and gastrointestinal cancer; this underscores the importance of maintaining oral hygiene for prophylaxis of oral diseases and the prevention of systemic diseases. A better understanding of the interconnections between oral health and systemic diseases will integrate oral health management to offer new prevention, diagnostic, and treatment opportunities to improve overall patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaman Sulaiman
- Clinic of Dental and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių Str. 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Marija Pacauskienė
- Clinic of Dental and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių Str. 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Renata Šadzevičienė
- Clinic of Dental and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių Str. 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rugile Anuzyte
- Clinic of Dental and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių Str. 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Gao X, Overtoom HCG, Eyck BM, Huang SH, Nieboer D, van der Sluis PC, Lagarde SM, Wijnhoven BPL, Chao YK, van Lanschot JJB. Pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Eastern versus Western countries: meta-analysis. Br J Surg 2024; 111:znae083. [PMID: 38721902 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znae083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma can be treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy followed by oesophagectomy. Discrepancies in pathological response rates have been reported between studies from Eastern versus Western countries. The aim of this study was to compare the pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in Eastern versus Western countries. METHODS Databases were searched until November 2022 for studies reporting pCR rates after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Multi-level meta-analyses were performed to pool pCR rates separately for cohorts from studies performed in centres in the Sinosphere (East) or in Europe and the Anglosphere (West). RESULTS For neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, 51 Eastern cohorts (5636 patients) and 20 Western cohorts (3039 patients) were included. Studies from Eastern countries included more men, younger patients, more proximal tumours, and more cT4 and cN+ disease. Patients in the West were more often treated with high-dose radiotherapy, whereas patients in the East were more often treated with a platinum + fluoropyrimidine regimen. The pooled pCR rate after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was 31.7% (95% c.i. 29.5% to 34.1%) in Eastern cohorts versus 40.4% (95% c.i. 35.0% to 45.9%) in Western cohorts (fixed-effect P = 0.003). For cohorts with similar cTNM stages, pooled pCR rates for the East and the West were 32.5% and 41.9% respectively (fixed-effect P = 0.003). CONCLUSION The pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is less favourable in patients treated in Eastern countries compared with Western countries. Despite efforts to investigate accounting factors, the discrepancy in pCR rate cannot be entirely explained by differences in patient, tumour, or treatment characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hidde C G Overtoom
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben M Eyck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shi-Han Huang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Daan Nieboer
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sjoerd M Lagarde
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas P L Wijnhoven
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yin-Kai Chao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Nozaki S, Sato Y, Takano H, Nomura K, Wakita A, Liu J, Nagaki Y, Sasamori R, Sasaki Y, Takahashi T, Igarashi H, Konno Y, Fukuda M, Minamiya Y. Pretreatment periodontitis is predictive of a poorer prognosis after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Esophagus 2024; 21:120-130. [PMID: 38376617 PMCID: PMC10957679 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-024-01045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor oral health is an independent risk factor for upper-aerodigestive tract cancers, including esophageal cancer. Several studies have investigated short-term outcomes after esophagectomy and the impact of periodontal disease, but few have examined the impact of periodontal disease on long-term outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of periodontitis among esophagectomy patients and the prognostic value of periodontitis and its effect on prognosis after esophagectomy. METHODS A total of 508 patients who underwent esophagectomy received oral health care from a dentist before cancer treatment at Akita University Hospital between January 2009 and December 2021. We assessed the presence and severity of the patients' periodontitis and divided them into no-periodontitis, mild periodontitis, severe periodontitis and edentulous jaw groups. We then assessed 10-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) and determined whether periodontitis was an independent prognostic factor affecting OS and DSS. RESULTS We found that 101 (19.9%) patients had no periodontitis, 207 (40.8%) had mild periodontitis, 176 (34.6%) had severe periodontitis requiring tooth extraction, and 24 (4.7%) had edentulous jaw. Both OS and DSS were significantly poorer in the periodontitis than no-periodontitis group (p < 0.001). In detail, the edentulous jaw group had the poorest prognosis (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that periodontitis was an independent risk factor affecting OS and DSS. CONCLUSION Esophageal cancer patients had a high prevalence of periodontitis. Moreover, the presence of periodontitis and severity of periodontitis are independent risk factors contributing to a poorer prognosis after esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Nozaki
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Takano
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nomura
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Wakita
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yushi Nagaki
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasamori
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Takahashi
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Igarashi
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yasunori Konno
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fukuda
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Minamiya
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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Mishra Y, Ranjan A, Mishra V, Chattaraj A, Aljabali AAA, El-Tanani M, Hromić-Jahjefendić A, Uversky VN, Tambuwala MM. The role of the gut microbiome in gastrointestinal cancers. Cell Signal 2024; 115:111013. [PMID: 38113978 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.111013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota present in the human digestive system is incredibly varied and is home to trillions of microorganisms. The gut microbiome is shaped at birth, while numerous genetic, dietary, and environmental variables primarily influence the microbiome composition. The importance of gut microbiota on host health is becoming more widely acknowledged. Digestion, intestinal permeability, and immunological and metabolism responses can all be affected by changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota. There is mounting evidence that the microbial population's complex traits are important biomarkers and indicators of patient outcomes in cancer and its therapies. Numerous studies have demonstrated that changed commensal gut microorganisms contribute to the development and spread of cancer through various routes. Despite the ongoing controversy surrounding the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal cancer, accumulating evidence points to a potentially far more intricate connection than a simple cause-and-effect relationship. SIMPLE SUMMARY: Due to their high frequency and fatality rate, gastrointestinal cancers are regarded as a severe public health issue with complex medical and economic burdens. The gut microbiota may directly or indirectly interact with existing therapies like immunotherapy and chemotherapy, affecting how well a treatment works. The gut microbiome influences the immune response's activity, function, and development. Generally, certain gut bacteria impact the antitumor actions during cancer by creating particular metabolites or triggering T-cell responses. Yet, certain bacterial species have been found to promote cellular proliferation and metastasis in cancer, and comprehending these interactions in the context of cancer may help identify possible treatment targets. Notwithstanding the improvements in the field, additional research is still required to comprehend the underlying processes, examine the effects on existing therapies, and pinpoint certain bacteria and immune cells that can cause this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachana Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Abhigyan Ranjan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Aditi Chattaraj
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Alkhama Medical and Health Sciences University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka cesta 15, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, England, United Kingdom.
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Wang K, Wang J, Chen Y, Long H, Pan W, Liu Y, Xu MY, Guo Q. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and risk of esophageal cancer: evidence from Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:3596-3611. [PMID: 38364235 PMCID: PMC10929825 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causative implications remain ambiguous. Consequently, this study aims to evaluate the putative causal relationship between gut microbiota and Esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS The genome-wide association study (GWAS) pertaining to the microbiome, derived from the MiBioGen consortium-which consolidates 18,340 samples across 24 population-based cohorts-was utilized as the exposure dataset. Employing the GWAS summary statistics specific to EC patients sourced from the GWAS Catalog and leveraging the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology, the principal analytical method applied was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) technique. Cochran's Q statistic was utilized to discern heterogeneity inherent in the data set. Subsequently, a reverse MR analysis was executed. RESULTS Findings derived from the IVW technique elucidated that the Family Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.048) and Genus Candidatus Soleaferrea (P = 0.048) function as deterrents against EC development. In contrast, the Genus Catenibacterium (P = 0.044), Genus Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group (P = 0.038), Genus Marvinbryantia (P = 0.049), Genus Ruminococcaceae UCG010 (P = 0.034), Genus Ruminococcus1 (P = 0.047), and Genus Sutterella (P = 0.012) emerged as prospective risk contributors for EC. To assess reverse causal effect, we used EC as the exposure and the gut microbiota as the outcome, and this analysis revealed associations between EC and seven different types of gut microbiota. The robustness of the MR findings was substantiated through comprehensive heterogeneity and pleiotropy evaluations. CONCLUSIONS This research identified certain microbial taxa as either protective or detrimental elements for EC, potentially offering valuable biomarkers for asymptomatic diagnosis and prospective therapeutic interventions for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jieyang Third People’s Hospital, Jieyang 515500, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Huan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Cardiology Department, Geriatrics Department, Foshan Women and Children Hospital, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- University Munich, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Ming-Yi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 310115, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan, China
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Greathouse KL, Stone JK, Vargas AJ, Choudhury A, Padgett RN, White JR, Jung A, Harris CC. Co-enrichment of cancer-associated bacterial taxa is correlated with immune cell infiltrates in esophageal tumor tissue. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2574. [PMID: 38296990 PMCID: PMC10831118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and certain oral and intestinal pathogens have been associated with cancer development and progression. We asked if esophageal microbiomes had shared alterations that could provide novel biomarkers for ESCA risk. We extracted DNA from tumor and non-tumor tissue of 212 patients in the NCI-MD case control study and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene (V3-4), with TCGA ESCA RNA-seq (n = 172) and WGS (n = 123) non-human reads used as validation. We identified four taxa, Campylobacter, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Fusobacterium as highly enriched in esophageal cancer across all cohorts. Using SparCC, we discovered that Fusobacterium and Prevotella were also co-enriched across all cohorts. We then analyzed immune cell infiltration to determine if these dysbiotic taxa were associated with immune signatures. Using xCell to obtain predicted immune infiltrates, we identified a depletion of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor (MEP) cells in tumors with presence of any of the four taxa, along with enrichment of platelets in tumors with Campylobactor or Fusobacterium. Taken together, our results suggest that intratumoral presence of these co-occurring bacterial genera may confer tumor promoting immune alterations that allow disease progression in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Greathouse
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
- Nutrition Division, Human Sciences and Design, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
| | - J K Stone
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A J Vargas
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Choudhury
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - R N Padgett
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J R White
- Resphera Biosciences, LLC, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Jung
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - C C Harris
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Wang L, Zhou Y, Cui H, Zhuang X, Cheng C, Weng Y, Liu H, Wang S, Pan X, Cui Y, Zhang W. IGH repertoire analysis at scale: deciphering the complexity of B cell infiltration and migration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:131-147. [PMID: 37985722 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating B-lineage cells have become predictors of prognosis and immunotherapy responses in various cancers. However, limited knowledge about their infiltration and migration patterns has hindered the understanding of their anti-tumor functions. Here, we examined the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) repertoires in 496 multi-regional tumor, 107 normal tissue, and 48 metastatic lymph node samples obtained from 107 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Our study revealed higher IgG-type B-lineage cells infiltration in tumors than in healthy tissue, which was associated with improved patient outcomes. Genes such as ACTN1, COL6A5, and pathways like focal adhesion, which shapes the physical structure of tumors, could affect B-lineage cell infiltration. Notably, the IGH sequence was used as an identity-tag to monitor B cell migration, and their infiltration schema within the tumor were depicted based on our multi-regional tumor specimens. This analysis revealed an escalation in B cell clones overlapped between metastatic lymph nodes and tumors. Therefore, the Lymph Node Activation Index was defined, which could predict the outcomes of patients with lymph node metastasis. This research introduces a novel framework for probing B cell infiltration and migration within the tumor microenvironment using large-scale transcriptome data, while simultaneously providing fresh perspectives on B cell immunology within ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Wang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Heyang Cui
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Xuehan Zhuang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Yongjia Weng
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Yongping Cui
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China.
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518028, China.
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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10
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Co EL, Hameed M, Sebastian SA, Garg T, Sudan S, Bheemisetty N, Mohan B. Narrative Review of Probiotic Use on the Recovery of Postoperative Patients with Esophageal Cancer. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:635-642. [PMID: 37605086 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This narrative review discusses the significance of probiotic therapy in the postoperative care of patients with esophageal cancer and its role as an adjunct therapy to other treatment modalities for esophageal cancer. RECENT FINDINGS As such, there is an emerging need to address any malnutrition and gastrointestinal problems occurring in these patients which tend to have a strong negative impact on their prognosis. Probiotic effects on esophageal cancer biomarkers suggest that there is a positive correlation between these two factors. However, the beneficial effects remain controversial and warrant further investigation. Probiotics, now being widely utilized as postoperative therapy in some carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract such as gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, have been shown in some clinical studies to positively impact the nutritional status of patients with esophageal cancer. Postoperative care among patients suffering from esophageal cancer is a very crucial aspect in the survival of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edzel Lorraine Co
- University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maha Hameed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florida State University/Sarasota Memorial Hospital, 1700 S Tamiami Trial, Sarasota, FL, 34239, USA.
| | | | - Tulika Garg
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Babu Mohan
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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11
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Chiang H, Hughes M, Chang W. The role of microbiota in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A review of the literature. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:2821-2829. [PMID: 37675608 PMCID: PMC10542467 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) exhibits high incidence with poor prognosis. Alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, and betel nut chewing are well-known risk factors. Dysbiosis, an imbalance of the microbiota residing in a local environment, is known to be associated with human diseases, especially cancer. This article reviews the current evidence of esophageal microbiota in ESCC carcinogenesis, including initiation, progression, and drug resistance. Articles involving the esophageal microbiota, diagnosis, treatment, and the progression of esophageal cancer were acquired using a comprehensive literature search in PubMed in recent 10 years. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing of human samples, cell, and animal studies, current evidence suggests dysbiosis of the esophagus promotes ESCC progression and chemotherapy resistance, leading to a poor prognosis. Smoking and drinking are associated with esophageal dysbiosis. Specific bacteria have been reported to promote carcinogenesis, involving either progression or drug resistance in ESCC, for example Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. These bacteria promote ESCC cell proliferation and migration via the TLR4/NF-κB and IL-6/STAT3 pathways. F. nucleatum induces cisplatin resistance via the enrichment of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Correcting the dysbiosis and reducing the abundance of specific esophageal pathogens may help in suppressing cancer progression. In conclusion, esophageal dysbiosis is associated with ESCC progression and chemoresistance. Screening the oral and esophageal microbiota is a potential diagnostic tool for predicting ESCC development or drug-resistance. Repairing esophageal dysbiosis is a novel treatment for ESCC. Clinical trials with probiotics in addition to current chemotherapy are warranted to study the therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh‐Chien Chiang
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Michael Hughes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of Life SciencesNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Wei‐Lun Chang
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
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12
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Baba Y, Hara Y, Toihata T, Kosumi K, Iwatsuki M, Iwagami S, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N, Komohara Y, Baba H. Relationship between gut microbiome Fusobacterium nucleatum and LINE-1 methylation level in esophageal cancer. Esophagus 2023; 20:704-712. [PMID: 37173453 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-023-01009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated the relationship of human microbiome Fusobacterium nucleatum with unfavorable clinical outcomes and inferior chemotherapeutic responses in esophageal cancer. Global DNA methylation is associated with the occurrence and development of various cancers. In our previous study, LINE-1 hypomethylation (i.e., global DNA hypomethylation) was associated with a poor prognosis in esophageal cancer. As the gut microbiota may play crucial roles in the DNA methylation of host cells, we hypothesized that F. nucleatum might influence LINE-1 methylation levels in esophageal cancer. METHODS We qualified the F. nucleatum DNA using a quantitative PCR assay and LINE-1 methylation via a pyrosequencing assay using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 306 esophageal cancer patients. RESULTS Intratumoral F. nucleatum DNA was detected in 65 cases (21.2%). The LINE-1 methylation scores ranged from 26.9 to 91.8 (median = 64.8) in tumors. F. nucleatum DNA was related to the LINE-1 hypomethylation of tumor lesions in esophageal cancer (P < 0.0001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.71 for F. nucleatum positivity. Finally, we found that the impact of F. nucleatum on clinical outcomes was not modified by LINE-1 hypomethylation (P for interaction = 0.34). CONCLUSIONS F. nucleatum alters genome-wide methylation levels in cancer cells, which may be one of the mechanisms by which F. nucleatum affects the malignant behavior of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Department of Next-Generation Surgical Therapy Development, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Hara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tasuku Toihata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Next-Generation Surgical Therapy Development, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shiro Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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13
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Lin Q, Guan SW, Yu HB. Immuno-oncology-microbiome axis of gastrointestinal malignancy. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:757-775. [PMID: 37275452 PMCID: PMC10237027 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i5.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the relationship between the microbiome and cancer has been controversial for centuries. Recent works have discovered that the intratumor microbiome is an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Intratumor bacteria, the most studied intratumor microbiome, are mainly localized in tumor cells and immune cells. As the largest bacterial reservoir in human body, the gut microbiome may be one of the sources of the intratumor microbiome in gastrointestinal malignancies. An increasing number of studies have shown that the gut and intratumor microbiome play an important role in regulating the immune tone of tumors. Moreover, it has been recently proposed that the gut and intratumor microbiome can influence tumor progression by modulating host metabolism and the immune and immune tone of the TME, which is defined as the immuno-oncology-microbiome (IOM) axis. The proposal of the IOM axis provides a new target for the tumor microbiome and tumor immunity. This review aims to reveal the mechanism and progress of the gut and intratumor microbiome in gastrointestinal malignancies such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer by exploring the IOM axis. Providing new insights into the research related to gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Lin
- Department of Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shi-Wei Guan
- Department of Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yu
- Department of Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
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14
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Sato Y, Wakita A, Maeda E, Nagaki Y, Sasamori R, Kemuriyama K, Nozaki S, Ito S, Terata K, Imai K, Nanjo H, Nomura K, Minamiya Y. High TLR6 Expression Status Predicts a More Favorable Prognosis after Esophagectomy for Locally Advanced Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:4724-4735. [PMID: 37232814 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30050356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Most so-called "beneficial bacteria" in gut microbiota are Gram-positive, and TLR6 recognizes the peptidoglycan (PGN) present in their cell walls. We hypothesized that a high TLR6 expression status predicts a more favorable prognosis after esophagectomy. We used an ESCC tissue microarray (TMA) to examine TLR6 expression status in ESCC patients and to determine whether TLR6 expression status correlates with prognosis after curative esophagectomy. We also examined whether PGN influences the cell proliferation activity of ESCC lines. Clinical ESCC samples from 177 patients tested for the expression of TLR6 were categorized as 3+ (n = 17), 2+ (n = 48), 1+ (n = 68), or 0 (n = 44). High TLR6 expression (3+ and 2+) correlated with significantly more favorable 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) after esophagectomy than a lower TLR6 expression (1+ and 0). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that TLR6 expression status is an independent prognostic factor that affects 5-year OS. PGN significantly inhibited the cell proliferation activity of ESCC lines. This is the first study to show that high TLR6 expression status predicts a more favorable prognosis in locally advanced thoracic ESCC patients after curative esophagectomy. PGN released from "beneficial bacteria" seems to have potential to inhibit the cell proliferation activity of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Wakita
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Eri Maeda
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yushi Nagaki
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sasamori
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kohei Kemuriyama
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Shu Nozaki
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Satoru Ito
- Department of Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kaori Terata
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Imai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nanjo
- Department of Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nomura
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Minamiya
- Esophageal Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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15
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Peng Z, Wan P, Deng Y, Shen W, Liu R. Lipopolysaccharide exacerbates to the migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of esophageal cancer cells by TLR4/NF-κB axis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1090-1099. [PMID: 36722465 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the role of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in promoting tumor progression. Our previous study found that the community richness of LPS-producing bacteria was significantly increased in the fresh stool samples of esophageal cancer (EC) patients, but the relative LPS levels and underlying mechanism in EC progression remain unknown. In this study, an case-control study found that the content of LPS was higher in serum of EC patients. Functional experiments of CCK8 assay and transwell assay showed that LPS contributed to the proliferation, migration, invasion of EC109 cells. Meanwhile, LPS induced EC109 to secrete IL-6 and TGF-β1. Western blot analysis revealed the level of TLR4 and NF-κB increased significantly after LPS treatment. Epithelial marker E-cadherin was significantly down-regulated and interstitial marker N-cadherin and Vimentin were up-regulated after LPS treatment. However, TAK242 (TLR4 inhibitor) or PDTC (NF-κB inhibitor) could eliminate the inflammatory and EMT-promoting effects of LPS. In total, our results suggested that LPS exacerbated to the migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of EC109 cells by TLR4/NF-κB axis. High level LPS may have a critical effect on the occurrence and development of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yali Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weitao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Kosumi K, Baba Y, Yamamura K, Nomoto D, Okadome K, Yagi T, Toihata T, Kiyozumi Y, Harada K, Eto K, Sawayama H, Ishimoto T, Iwatsuki M, Iwagami S, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N, Watanabe M, Baba H. Intratumour Fusobacterium nucleatum and immune response to oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1155-1165. [PMID: 36599917 PMCID: PMC10006219 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence suggests a role of intratumour Fusobacterium nucleatum in the aggressive behaviour of gastrointestinal cancer through downregulating anti-tumour immunity. We investigated the relationship between intratumour F. nucleatum and immune response to oesophageal cancer. METHODS Utilising an unbiased database of 300 resected oesophageal cancers, we measured F. nucleatum DNA in tumour tissue using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, and evaluated the relationship between the abundance of F. nucleatum and the densities of T cells (CD8 + , FOXP3 + and PDCD1 + ), as well as lymphocytic reaction patterns (follicle lymphocytic reaction, peritumoural lymphocytic reaction, stromal lymphocytic reaction and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes) in oesophageal carcinoma tissue. RESULTS F. nucleatum was significantly and inversely associated only with the peritumoural lymphocytic reaction (P = 0.0002). Compared with the F. nucleatum-absent group, the F. nucleatum-high group showed a much lower level of the peritumoural lymphocytic reaction (univariable odds ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.65; P = 0.0004). A multivariable model yielded a similar finding (multivariable odds ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval 0.16-0.69; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Intratumour F. nucleatum is associated with a diminished peritumoural lymphocytic reaction, providing a platform for further investigations on the potential interactive roles between intratumour F. nucleatum and host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Amakusa Medical Center, 854-1 Jikiba, Kameba-machi, Amakusa, 863-0046, Japan
- Department of Next-Generation Surgical Therapy Development, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Next-Generation Surgical Therapy Development, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Daichi Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okadome
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave., EBRC Room 404A, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Taisuke Yagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tasuku Toihata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Kiyozumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuto Harada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kojiro Eto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sawayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shiro Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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17
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ArefNezhad R, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Roghani-Shahraki H, Goleij P, Zare N, Motedayyen H, Aghazadeh E. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: Heralding an effective treatment against esophageal cancer? Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:714-719. [PMID: 36718080 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC), as one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality, influences a remarkable population of subjects globally and is histologically divided into two types, comprising esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although several therapeutic approaches are present for EC, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, these options have low success with serious side effects, for example, gastrointestinal toxicity, esophagitis, and pulmonary complications. Thus, utilizing an effective tool with low side effects is urgent. Newly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received special interest for treating diverse diseases, such as cancer. Among different sources of MSCs, human umbilical cord MSCs have notable benefits, and reports expressed that they may be effective in EC treatment. For this purpose, in this review study, we aimed to summarize evidence regarding the effects of human umbilical cord MSCs on EC with a mechanistic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Pouya Goleij
- Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran.,International Network of Stem Cell (INSC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Zare
- Coenzyme R Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Motedayyen
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Aghazadeh
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Athanasopoulou K, Adamopoulos PG, Scorilas A. Unveiling the Human Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome: The Past, Present, and Future of Metagenomics. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030827. [PMID: 36979806 PMCID: PMC10045138 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 1014 symbiotic microorganisms are present in a healthy human body and are responsible for the synthesis of vital vitamins and amino acids, mediating cellular pathways and supporting immunity. However, the deregulation of microbial dynamics can provoke diverse human diseases such as diabetes, human cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. The human gastrointestinal tract constitutes a hospitable environment in which a plethora of microbes, including diverse species of archaea, bacteria, fungi, and microeukaryotes as well as viruses, inhabit. In particular, the gut microbiome is the largest microbiome community in the human body and has drawn for decades the attention of scientists for its significance in medical microbiology. Revolutions in sequencing techniques, including 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing and whole genome sequencing, facilitate the detection of microbiomes and have opened new vistas in the study of human microbiota. Especially, the flourishing fields of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics aim to detect all genomes and transcriptomes that are retrieved from environmental and human samples. The present review highlights the complexity of the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and deciphers its implication not only in cellular homeostasis but also in human diseases. Finally, a thorough description of the widely used microbiome detection methods is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Athanasopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis G Adamopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
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19
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Zhang S, Zhang S, Ma X, Zhan J, Pan C, Zhang H, Xie X, Wen J, Xie X. Intratumoral microbiome impacts immune infiltrates in tumor microenvironment and predicts prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1165790. [PMID: 37180444 PMCID: PMC10174428 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1165790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Different intratumoral microbiotaexist in different tumors and play a crucial function in carcinogenesis. However, whether they impact clinical outcomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and their mechanism remain unclear. Methods 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was performed on surgically resected samples from 98 ESCC patients to analyze intratumoral microbiome abundance and composition. Multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry staining was used to profile the phenotypes of immune infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Results Patients with higher intratumoral Shannon index had significantly worse surgical outcomes. When patients were divided into short-term survivors and long-term survivors based on the median survival time, both intratumoral alpha-diversity and beta-diversity were found to be significantly inconsistent, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Leptotrichia emerged as the two microorganisms that probably influenced the survival of ESCC patients. Only Lactobacillus in ESCC was validated to significantly worsen patients' prognoses and to be positively correlated with the Shannon index. Multivariate analysis revealed that the intratumoral Shannon index, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, and the pathologic tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stage were independently associated with patients' overall survival. Furthermore, the relative abundance of both Lactobacillus and Shannon index was positively correlated with the proportions of PD-L1+ epithelial cells (ECs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The Shannon index was negatively correlated with the proportions of natural killer (NK) cells in the TME. Conclusions A high abundance of intratumoral Lactobacillus and bacterial alpha-diversity was associated with the formation of the immunosuppressive TME and predicted poor long-term survival in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuishen Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuqing Pan
- Department of Intern Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Huizhong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuan Xie, ; Jing Wen,
| | - Xuan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuan Xie, ; Jing Wen,
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20
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Preoperative evaluation of oral hygiene may predict the overall survival of patients with esophageal cancer. Esophagus 2023; 20:99-108. [PMID: 35881278 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-022-00941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, the association between tooth loss and prognosis after esophagectomy was reported; however, the presence of periodontal disease has not been assessed. This study investigated the association between the degree of oral hygiene, as evaluated by tooth loss and periodontal disease, and the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. METHODS A total of 163 esophageal cancer patients who underwent surgery with perioperative oral care and examination were enrolled. We assessed the periodontal pocket depth for the presence of periodontal disease and established a periodontal pocket index, defined as the sum of the periodontal pocket depth of the remaining tooth divided by the total count of the remaining teeth. Patients were divided into three groups: Group A (tooth loss < 13 and periodontal pocket index < 3.67); Group B (tooth loss < 13 and periodontal pocket index ≥ 3.67); and Group C (tooth loss ≥ 13). Overall survival and cancer-specific survival were analyzed, and a multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the 5-year overall survival rates between the groups (A:B:C = 74.8%:62.8%:50.5%; p = 0.0098), but not in the 5-year cancer-specific survival rates (A:B:C = 80.2%:64.2%:62.2%; p = 0.0849). In multivariate analysis, oral hygiene (tooth loss < 13 and periodontal pocket index ≥ 3.67 + tooth loss ≥ 13; p = 0.041) was a significant independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Oral evaluation, focusing on tooth loss and periodontal disease, is meaningful in predicting the long-term prognosis of postoperative esophageal cancer patients.
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21
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Liu H, Xu X, Liang J, Wang J, Li Y. The relationship between Clostridium butyricum and colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:1855-1859. [PMID: 36647942 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1565_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in intestinal diseases. The resident microorganisms in the digestive tract contribute to maintenance of gut homeostasis. Some bacterial species have been identified and are suspected to play a role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Many studies have found that Clostridium butyricum has a close relationship with CRC, and the mechanism is becoming increasingly clear. This review discusses the possible relationship between C. butyricum and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China
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22
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Wang X, Liu Y, Lu Y, Chen S, Xing Y, Yang H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Pan T, Li J, Wang M, Zhang N, Liang M, Zhou F. Clinical impact of Fn-induced high expression of KIR2DL1 in CD8 T lymphocytes in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Med 2022; 54:51-62. [PMID: 34935568 PMCID: PMC8725851 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.2016942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the correlation between the inducing effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) on the surface expression of the inhibitory receptor KIR2DL1 on CD8+ T cells in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the clinicopathological features and survival prognosis and to explore its clinical significance. METHODS The inducing effect of Fn on CD8+ T cell surface inhibitory receptor KIR2DL1 expression was analyzed in a coculture system of human CD8+ T cells and ESCC cells infected with Fn. Fn infection and the expression of KIR2DL1 on CD8+ T cells were detected by RNAscope and immunohistochemistry in ESCC tissues, and the correlations between the inducing effect of Fn on KIR2DL1 expression on CD8+ T cells and clinicopathological features were analyzed. COX regression was used to analyze the influence of each factor on the prognosis of ESCC. Survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the effect of KIR2DL1 induction on survival time was analyzed by the log-rank test. RESULTS In the coculture system, KIR2DL1 expression on the surface of CD8+ T cells increased with increasing Fn infection time. In ESCC tissues, Fn infection was significantly correlated with high KIR2DL1 expression on CD8+ T cells. The Fn + CD8+KIR2DL1 positive patients were predominantly males who were smokers and alcohol drinkers. Moreover, patients with Fn infection were characterized by poor tumour differentiation, advanced clinical stage, and a short survival time. Meanwhile, Fn + CD8+KIR2DL1 positive group was independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of ESCC patients. CONCLUSIONS Long-term drinking and smoking lead to an extremely unhealthy oral environment in which Fn infection and colonization are more likely to occur, thus inducing high expression of KIR2DL1 on the surface of CD8+ T cells, which can weaken the antitumour immune response and promote the malignant progression of ESCC.HIGHLIGHTSFn induced high expression of KIR2DL1 CD8+ T cells in a time-dependent manner.Fn can reduce the response of tumour cells to CDDP.The inducing effect of Fn on CD8+ T cell surface KIR2DL1 expression was significantly associated with the poor prognosis of ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wang
- Anyang Tumor Hospital (The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology), Anyang, Henan, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Institute of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yannan Lu
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Simo Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yaoping Xing
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Anyang Tumor Hospital (The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology), Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Basic Medical School of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- Anyang Tumor Hospital (The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology), Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Lymphoma & Hematology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junkuo Li
- Anyang Tumor Hospital (The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology), Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Anyang Tumor Hospital (The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology), Anyang, Henan, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Institute of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Mengxia Liang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Institute of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Anyang Tumor Hospital (The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology), Anyang, Henan, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.,College of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Cancer Institute of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Luoyang, Henan, China
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23
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Ayariga JA, Ibrahim I, Gildea L, Abugri J, Villafane R. Microbiota in a long survival discourse with the human host. Arch Microbiol 2022; 205:5. [PMID: 36441284 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between human health and gut microbiota is becoming more apparent. It is now widely believed that healthy gut flora plays a vital role in the overall well-being of the individual. There are spatial and temporal variations in the distribution of microbes from the esophagus to the rectum throughout an individual's lifetime. Through the development of genome sequencing technologies, scientists have been able to study the interactions between different microorganisms and their hosts to improve the health and disease of individuals. The normal gut microbiota provides various functions to the host, whereas the host, in turn, provides nutrients and promotes the development of healthy and resilient microbiota communities. Thus, the microbiota provides and maintains the gut's structural integrity and protects the gut against pathogens. The development of the normal gut microbiota is influenced by various factors. Some of these include the mode of delivery, diet, and antibiotics. In addition, the environment can also affect the development of the gut microbiota. For example, one of the main concerns of antibiotic use is the alteration of the gut microbiota, which could lead to the development of multidrug-resistant organisms. When microbes are disturbed, it can potentially lead to various diseases. Depending on the species' ability to adapt to the human body's environment, the fate of the microbes in the host and their relationship with the human body are decided. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of microbe, microbes-host immune interactions, and factors that can disturb their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Ayariga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology PhD. Program, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA.
| | - Iddrisu Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology PhD. Program, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA
| | - Logan Gildea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology PhD. Program, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA
| | - James Abugri
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, School of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana.
| | - Robert Villafane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology PhD. Program, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA
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24
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Wang SE, Hodge A, Dashti SG, Dixon-Suen SC, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Thomas R, Giles G, Boussioutas A, Kendall B, English DR. Diet and risk of Barrett's oesophagus: Melbourne collaborative cohort study. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-10. [PMID: 35837679 PMCID: PMC10011587 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Barrett's oesophagus (BE) is the precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma, which has become the most common type of oesophageal cancer in many Western populations. Existing evidence on diet and risk of BE predominantly comes from case-control studies, which are subject to recall bias in measurement of diet. We aimed to investigate the potential effect of diet, including macronutrients, carotenoids, food groups, specific food items, beverages and dietary scores, on risk of BE in over 20 000 participants of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Diet at baseline (1990-1994) was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. The outcome was BE diagnosed between baseline and follow-up (2007-2010). Logistic regression models were used to estimate OR and 95 % CI for diet in relation to risk of BE. Intakes of leafy vegetables and fruit were inversely associated with risk of BE (highest v. lowest quartile: OR = 0·59; CI: 0·38, 0·94; P-trend = 0·02 and OR = 0·58; CI: 0·37, 0·93; P-trend = 0·02 respectively), as were dietary fibre and carotenoids. Stronger associations were observed for food than the nutrients found in them. Positive associations were observed for discretionary food (OR = 1·54; CI: 0·97, 2·44; P-trend = 0·04) and total fat intake (OR per 10 g/d = 1·11; CI: 1·00, 1·23), the association for fat was less robust in sensitivity analyses. No association was observed for meat, protein, dairy products or diet scores. Diet is a potential modifiable risk factor for BE. Public health and clinical guidelines that incorporate dietary recommendations could contribute to reduction in risk of BE and, thereby, oesophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E. Wang
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison Hodge
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Ghazaleh Dashti
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne C. Dixon-Suen
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalia Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Boussioutas
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bradley Kendall
- Department of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dallas R. English
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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25
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Maruyama S, Okamura A, Kanie Y, Sakamoto K, Fujiwara D, Kanamori J, Imamura Y, Takeda K, Watanabe M. Fecal Microbes Associated with the Outcomes After Esophagectomy in Patients with Esophageal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:7448-7457. [PMID: 35834144 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12166-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although accumulating evidence suggests that an imbalanced gut microbiota leads to cancer progression, few studies demonstrated the implication in patients who underwent oncologic esophagectomy. This study aimed to elucidate the association between gut microbes and the outcomes after oncologic esophagectomy, as well as the host's inflammatory/nutritional status. METHODS Overall, 783 consecutive patients who underwent oncologic esophagectomy were eligible. We investigated the microbiota detected by fecal culture tests and then assessed the association between the gut microbiota and patient characteristics, short-term outcomes, and long-term survival. RESULTS Seventeen different species could be cultivated. We comprehensively examined the impact of each detected microbe on survival. The presence of Bacillus species (Bacillus sp.; 26.8%) was associated with favorable prognosis on overall and cancer-specific survival (p = 0.02 and 0.02, respectively). Conversely, the presence of Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis; 3.4%) was associated with unfavorable overall and recurrence-free survivals (p = 0.02 and < 0.01, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of P. mirabilis was one of the independent prognostic factors for poor recurrence-free survival (p < 0.01). Patients with Bacillus sp. had lower modified Glasgow prognostic score and better response to preoperative treatment than those without (p = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). Meanwhile, patients with P. mirabilis were significantly associated with higher systemic inflammation scores and increased postoperative pneumonia incidence than those without (p = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative fecal microbiota was associated with the host's inflammatory and nutritional status and may influence the outcomes after oncologic esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yasukazu Kanie
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kanamori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Takeda
- Department of Infectious Disease, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Maruyama S, Okamura A, Takeda K, Watanabe M. ASO Author Reflections: Are Fecal Microbes Associated With Outcomes After Esophageal Cancer Surgery? Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:7458-7459. [PMID: 35819573 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koichi Takeda
- Department of Infectious Disease, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Anipindi M, Bitetto D. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uses of the Microbiome in the Field of Oncology. Cureus 2022; 14:e24890. [PMID: 35698690 PMCID: PMC9184241 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and it can affect almost every part of the human body. Effective screening and early diagnosis of cancers is extremely difficult due to the multifactorial etiology of the disease and delayed presentation of the patients. The available treatments are usually not specific to the affected organ system, leading to intolerable systemic side effects and early withdrawal from therapies. In vivo and in vitro studies have revealed an association of specific microbiome signatures with individual cancers. The cancer-related human microbiome has also been shown to affect the response of tissues to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation. This is an excellent opportunity for us to design specific screening markers using the microbiome to prevent cancers and diagnose them early. We can also develop precise treatments that can target cancer-affected specific organ systems and probably use a lesser dose of chemotherapy or radiation for the same effect. This prevents adverse effects and early cessation of treatments. However, we need further studies to exactly clarify and characterize these associations. In this review article, we focus on the association of the microbiome with individual cancers and highlight its future role in cancer screenings, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Anipindi
- Internal Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, East Norriton, USA
| | - Daniel Bitetto
- Internal Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, East Norriton, USA
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Chen H, Wang H, Yang F, Wang M, Chen X. Distinct microbiota dysbiosis in patients with laryngopharynx reflux disease compared to healthy controls. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:3569-3579. [PMID: 35394189 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the differences in the laryngopharynx microbiome between patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) and healthy people and further explore the influence of related risk factors pharyngeal microbiome. METHODS This was a case-control study. Patients with a reflux symptom index (RSI) score > 13 or reflux finding score (RFS) score > 7 were diagnosed with suspected LPRD at the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force. Patients were assessed using a related risk factors questionnaire survey and examined by electronic naso-laryngoscopy. Simultaneously, laryngopharynx secretions were collected from the patients. The patients received at least eight weeks of proton pump inhibitor therapy, and those who responded were enrolled in the final experimental group. In parallel, laryngopharynx secretions were collected from healthy volunteers as the control group, and the laryngopharynx microbiota were analyzed using second-generation high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS A total of 23 cases each in the experimental and control group were included in this study. The experimental group microbiota were composed of Streptococcus, Prevotella, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Actinobacillus, Fusobacterium, and Porphyromonas. There was no significant difference in microbial alpha and beta-diversity analysis between the two groups. However, some advantageous bacterium groups were significantly different. The abundance of Prevotella in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (U = 117, P < 0.05), while the abundance of Fusobacterium (U = 140, P = 0.006) and Porphyromonas (U = 120, P = 0.002) was significantly lower than the control group. Smoking was positively correlated with Pectin (r = 0.46, P = 0.037), Lactobacillus (r = 0.48, P = 0.027), and Clostridium (r = 0.46, P = 0.037), while alcohol was negatively correlated with Streptococcus (r = - 0.5539, P = 0.0092). CONCLUSION The dominant microflora in the laryngopharynx of LPRD patients was significantly different from that of healthy people, suggesting that the change of laryngopharynx microflora may play an important role in the pathogenesis of LPRD. Smoking, drinking, eating habits, and age correlated with different genus levels of the laryngopharynx microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Huixiang Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Maoxin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xianming Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Elevated FAM84B promotes cell proliferation via interacting with NPM1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:182. [PMID: 35396552 PMCID: PMC8993864 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 84, member B (FAM84B) is a significant copy number amplification gene in the 8q24.21 locus identified by our previous WGS study in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, its clinical relevance and potential mechanisms have been elusive. Here, we performed the association analyses between FAM84BAmp and clinicopathological features using 507 ESCC samples. The results indicated that, compared with the FAM84Bnon-Amp patients, the FAM84BAmp patients showed a more aggressive and a worse prognosis. A significant correlation was discovered between the expression level of FAM84B and FAM84BAmp in the ESCC cohort. Furthermore, we found that the forced expression change of FAM84B can influence ESCC cell proliferation and cell-cycle status, which is probably mediated by NPM1. A direct interaction between FAM84B and the C-terminal (189–294aa) of NPM1 was identified, which increased the NPM1 nuclear expression. Over-expression of NPM1 could inhibit the CDKN2A protein expression, which might affect the ESCC cell cycle. Our results indicate FAM84B CNA may be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in ESCC, meanwhile, reveal a novel mechanism of FAM84B that promotes tumorigenesis via interacting with NPM1 and suppressing CDKN2A.
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Grochowska M, Perlejewski K, Laskus T, Radkowski M. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:7. [PMID: 35112169 PMCID: PMC8810472 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances in gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota could play a significant role in the development of GI cancers, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. While some bacteria seem to facilitate carcinogenesis, others appear to be protective. So far only one bacterium (Helicobacter pylori) has been classified by the International Agency for Cancer Research as carcinogenic in humans but many other are the subject of intense research. Most studies on the role of microbiota in GI tract oncogenesis focus on pancreatic and colorectal cancers with the following three species: Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, and Porphyromonas gingivalis as likely causative factors. This review summarizes the role of bacteria in GI tract oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Grochowska
- Department of Immunopathology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karol Perlejewski
- Department of Immunopathology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Laskus
- Department of Adult Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Radkowski
- Department of Immunopathology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Hormati A, Hajrezaei Z, Jazi K, Aslani Kolur Z, Rezvan S, Ahmadpour S. Gastrointestinal and Pancratohepatobiliary Cancers: A Comprehensive Review on Epidemiology and Risk Factors Worldwide. Middle East J Dig Dis 2022; 14:5-23. [PMID: 36619733 PMCID: PMC9489325 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2022.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of cancer cases are afflicted by gastrointestinal cancers annually. Lifestyle and nutrition have a huge effect on gastrointestinal function, and unhealthy habits have become quite widespread in recent decades, culminating in the rapid growth of gastrointestinal cancers. The most prevalent cancers are lip and mouth cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver and bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. Risk factors such as red meat consumption, alcohol consumption, tea, rice, viruses such as Helicobacter pylori and Ebstein Bar Virus (EBV), along with reduced physical activity, predispose the gastrointestinal tract to damage and cause cancer. According to the rapid increase of cancer incidence and late diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies, further epidemiological researches remain necessary in order to make appropriate population-based preventive policies. In this study, we reviewed clinical symptoms, risk factors, preventative measures, as well as incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide with focus on Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hormati
- Assistant Professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Assistant Professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Disease Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajrezaei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran
| | - Kimia Jazi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran
| | - Zahra Aslani Kolur
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom, Iran
| | - Sajjad Rezvan
- Radiology Resident, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Ahmadpour
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Loosen SH, Jördens MS, Luedde M, Modest DP, Labuhn S, Luedde T, Kostev K, Roderburg C. Incidence of Cancer in Patients with Irritable Bowl Syndrome. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245911. [PMID: 34945206 PMCID: PMC8703949 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) represents one of the most common disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI). As recent data has suggested an increased cancer incidence for IBS patients, there is an ongoing debate whether IBS might be associated with a risk of cancer development. In the present study, we evaluated and compared incidence rates of different malignancies including gastrointestinal cancer in a large cohort of outpatients, with or without IBS, treated in general practices in Germany. (2) Methods: We matched a cohort of 21,731 IBS patients from the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database documented between 2000 and 2019 in 1284 general practices to a cohort of equal size without IBS. Incidence of cancer diagnoses were evaluated using Cox regression models during a 10-year follow-up period. (3) Results: In 11.9% of patients with IBS compared to 8.0% without IBS, cancer of any type was diagnosed within 10 years following the index date (p < 0.001). In a regression analysis, this association was confirmed in female (HR: 1.68, p < 0.001) and male (HR = 1.57, p < 0.001) patients as well as in patients of all age groups. In terms of cancer entity, 1.9% of patients with and 1.3% of patients without IBS were newly diagnosed with cancer of digestive organs (p < 0.001). Among non-digestive cancer entities, the strongest association was observed for skin cancer (HR = 1.87, p < 0.001), followed by prostate cancer in men (HR = 1.81, p < 0.001) and breast cancer in female patients (HR = 1.80, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: Our data suggest that IBS might be associated with cancer of the digestive organs as well as with non-digestive cancer entities. However, our findings do not prove causality and further research is warranted as the association could be attributed to life style factors that were not documented in the database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H. Loosen
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine, University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.S.J.); (S.L.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.L.); (T.L.); Tel.: +49-211-81-04488 (S.H.L.)
| | - Markus S. Jördens
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine, University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.S.J.); (S.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Mark Luedde
- KGP Bremerhaven, 27574 Bremerhaven, Germany;
| | - Dominik P. Modest
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Labuhn
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine, University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.S.J.); (S.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Tom Luedde
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine, University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.S.J.); (S.L.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.L.); (T.L.); Tel.: +49-211-81-04488 (S.H.L.)
| | | | - Christoph Roderburg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine, University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.S.J.); (S.L.); (C.R.)
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Ishaq HM, Mohammad IS, Sher Muhammad K, Li H, Abbas RZ, Din Sindhu ZU, Ullah S, Fan Y, Sadiq A, Raza MA, Hussain R, Arshad HM, Khan I, Waqas MU, Ul-Rahman A, Yasin R, Rehman A, Akhtar RW, Xu J. Gut microbial dysbiosis and its association with esophageal cancer. J Appl Biomed 2021; 19:1-13. [PMID: 34907711 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2021.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its aggressive nature and low survival rate, esophageal cancer is one of the deadliest cancer. While the intestinal microbiome significantly influences human health and disease. This research aimed to investigate and characterize the relative abundance of intestinal bacterial composition in esophageal cancer patients. The fecal samples were collected from esophageal cancer patients (n = 15) and healthy volunteers (n = 10). The PCR-DGGE was carried out by focusing on the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and qPCR was performed for Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium leptum and Lactobacillus. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene targeting the V3+V4 region was performed on 20 randomly selected samples. PCR-DGGE and High-throughput diversity results showed a significant alteration of gut bacterial composition between the experimental and control groups, which indicates the gut microbial dysbiosis in esophageal cancer patients. At the phylum level, there was significant enrichment of Bacteroidetes, while a non-significant decrease of Firmicutes in the experimental group. At family statistics, a significantly higher level of Bacteroidaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, while a significantly lower abundance of Prevotellaceae and Veillonellaceae were observed. There was a significantly high prevalence of genera Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, while a significantly lower abundance of Prevotella_9 and Dialister in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Furthermore, the species analysis also showed significantly raised level of Bacteroides vulgatus and Escherichia coli in the experimental group. These findings revealed a significant gut microbial dysbiosis in esophageal cancer patients. So, the current study can be used for the understanding of esophageal cancer treatment, disease pathway, mechanism, and probiotic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Epidemiology and public Health, Lahore Sub-campus Jhang, Pakistan.,Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shair Mohammad
- Sun Yat-sen University, University Town, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kiran Sher Muhammad
- University of Agriculture, Department of Zoology Wild-life and Fisheries, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Huan Li
- Xi'an Mental Health Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38040, Department of Parasitology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ud Din Sindhu
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38040, Department of Parasitology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakir Ullah
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Epidemiology and public Health, Lahore Sub-campus Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Yang Fan
- Xinxiang Medical University, School of Basic Medical Science, Department of Microbiology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Abbas Sadiq
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Department of Pathology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Raza
- Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Islamia University of Bahawalpur-63100, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Pathology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Umair Waqas
- Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ul-Rahman
- Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Yasin
- Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Atif Rehman
- Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rana Waseem Akhtar
- Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jiru Xu
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Epidemiology and public Health, Lahore Sub-campus Jhang, Pakistan
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Wang Y, Guo H, Gao X, Wang J. The Intratumor Microbiota Signatures Associate With Subtype, Tumor Stage, and Survival Status of Esophageal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:754788. [PMID: 34778069 PMCID: PMC8578860 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.754788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered human microbiome characteristic has been linked with esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), analysis of microbial profiling directly derived from ESCA tumor tissue is beneficial for studying the microbial functions in tumorigenesis and development of ESCA. In this study, we identified the intratumor microbiome signature and investigated the correlation between microbes and clinical characteristics of patients with ESCA, on the basis of data and information obtained from The Cancer Microbiome Atlas (TCMA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. A total of 82 samples were analyzed for microbial composition at various taxonomic levels, including 40 tumor samples of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), 20 tumor samples of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAD), and 22 adjacent normal samples. The results showed that the relative abundance of several microbes changed in tumors compared to their paired normal tissues, such as Firmicutes increased significantly while Proteobacteria decreased in tumor samples. We also identified a microbial signature composed of ten microbes that may help in the classification of ESCC and EAD, the two subtypes of ESCA. Correlation analysis demonstrated that compositions of microbes Fusobacteria/Fusobacteriia/Fusobacteriales, Lactobacillales/Lactobacillaceae/Lactobacillus, Clostridia/Clostridiales, Proteobacteria, and Negativicutes were correlated with the clinical characteristics of ESCA patients. In summary, this study supports the feasibility of detecting intratumor microbial composition derived from tumor sequencing data, and it provides novel insights into the roles of microbiota in tumors. Ultimately, as the second genome of human body, microbiome signature analysis may help to add more information to the blueprint of human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Nursing, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoguang Gao
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jihan Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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Plat VD, van Rossen TM, Daams F, de Boer NK, de Meij TGJ, Budding AE, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE, van der Peet DL. Esophageal microbiota composition and outcome of esophageal cancer treatment: a systematic review. Dis Esophagus 2021; 35:6425236. [PMID: 34761269 PMCID: PMC9376764 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of esophageal microbiota in esophageal cancer treatment is gaining renewed interest, largely driven by novel DNA-based microbiota analysis techniques. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of current literature on the possible association between esophageal microbiota and outcome of esophageal cancer treatment, including tumor response to (neo)adjuvant chemo(radio)therapy, short-term surgery-related complications, and long-term oncological outcome. METHODS A systematic review of literature was performed, bibliographic databases were searched and relevant articles were selected by two independent researchers. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to estimate the quality of included studies. RESULTS The search yielded 1303 articles, after selection and cross-referencing, five articles were included for qualitative synthesis and four studies were considered of good quality. Two articles addressed tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and described a correlation between high intratumoral Fusobacterium nucleatum levels and a poor response. One study assessed surgery-related complications, in which no direct association between esophageal microbiota and occurrence of complications was observed. Three studies described a correlation between shortened survival and high levels of intratumoral F. nucleatum, a low abundance of Proteobacteria and high abundances of Prevotella and Streptococcus species. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence points towards an association between esophageal microbiota and outcome of esophageal cancer treatment and justifies further research. Whether screening of the individual esophageal microbiota can be used to identify and select patients with a predisposition for adverse outcome needs to be further investigated. This could lead to the development of microbiota-based interventions to optimize esophageal microbiota composition, thereby improving outcome of patients with esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor D Plat
- Address correspondence to: Mr Victor Dirk Plat, MD, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, ZH 7F020, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tessel M van Rossen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Freek Daams
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nanne K de Boer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim G J de Meij
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christina M J E Vandenbroucke-Grauls
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Donald L van der Peet
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lee KA, Luong MK, Shaw H, Nathan P, Bataille V, Spector TD. The gut microbiome: what the oncologist ought to know. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1197-1209. [PMID: 34262150 PMCID: PMC8548300 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome (GM) has been implicated in a vast number of human pathologies and has become a focus of oncology research over the past 5 years. The normal gut microbiota imparts specific function in host nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation and protection against pathogens. Strong evidence is emerging to support the effects of the GM on the development of some malignancies but also on responses to cancer therapies, most notably, immune checkpoint inhibition. Tools for manipulating the GM including dietary modification, probiotics and faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) are in development. Current understandings of the many complex interrelationships between the GM, cancer, the immune system, nutrition and medication are ultimately based on a combination of short-term clinical trials and observational studies, paired with an ever-evolving understanding of cancer biology. The next generation of personalised cancer therapies focusses on molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity, tumour evolution and immune status; it is distinctly possible that the GM will become an increasingly central focus amongst them. The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with an overview of microbiome science and our current understanding of the role the GM plays in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Lee
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK.
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Marsden, London, UK.
| | - M K Luong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's & St Thomas Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Shaw
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
- Early Phase Trial Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Nathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
| | - V Bataille
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
| | - T D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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Niu C, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhao D, Liu F, Chao L, Wang X, Zhang C, Song G, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yan Z, Wen Y, Ge Y, Zang Z, Feng W, Zhang H, Tao L, Nakyeyune R, Shen Y, Shao Y, Guo X, Miles T, Yang A, Liu F, Wang G. Risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its histological precursor lesions in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1034. [PMID: 34530751 PMCID: PMC8444572 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite research efforts, the causative factors that contribute to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in high-risk areas have not yet been understood. In this study, we, therefore, aimed to describe the risk factors associated with ESCC and its precursor lesions. Methods We performed an endoscopic examination of 44,857 individuals aged 40–69 years from five high incidence regions of China in 2017–2018. Participants were classified as 4 groups of normal control, esophagitis, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia/esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HGIN/ESCC) using an unconditional logistic regression determine risk factors. Results We identified 4890 esophagitis, 1874 LGIN and 437 HGIN/ESCC cases. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Drinking well and surface water, salty diet, and positive family history of cancer were the common risk factors for esophagitis, LGIN and HGIN/ESCC. History of chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis was the greatest risk factor of esophagitis (adjusted OR 2.96, 95%CI 2.52–3.47) and HGIN/ESCC (adjusted OR 1.91, 95%CI 1.03–3.22). Pesticide exposure (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.37) was essential risk factor of LGIN. Conclusions Among individuals aged 40–69 years in high incidence regions of upper gastrointestinal cancer, the results provided important epidemiological evidence for the prevention of different precancerous lesions of ESCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08764-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Shaokai Zhang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Shanxi, 030013, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Deli Zhao
- Feicheng People's Hospital, Shandong, 271600, China
| | - Fugang Liu
- Dongping People's Hospital, Shandong, 271500, China
| | - Lina Chao
- Department of Epidemiology, Hebi People's Hospital, Henan, 458030, China
| | | | - Chunli Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Ningyang County, Shandong, 271400, China
| | - Guohui Song
- Cixian Institute for Cancer Prevention and Control, Hebei, 056500, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Gansu Wuwei Cancer Hospital, Gansu, 733000, China
| | - Youpeng Li
- Minqin County People's Hospital, Gansu, 733000, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Linze County People's Hospital, Gansu, 734200, China
| | - Yongxiu Wen
- Shandan County People's Hospital, Gansu, 734000, China
| | - Yinyin Ge
- Gaotai County People's Hospital, Gansu, 734300, China
| | - Zhaoping Zang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lixin Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Rena Nakyeyune
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Toni Miles
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Guiqi Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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The oesophageal microbiome and cancer: hope or hype? Trends Microbiol 2021; 30:322-329. [PMID: 34493428 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human oesophagus is home to a complex microbial community, the oesophageal microbiome. Despite decades of work, we still have only a poor, low-resolution view of this community, which makes it hard to distinguish hope from hype when it comes to assessing links between the oesophageal microbiome and cancer. Here we review the potential importance of this microbiome and discuss new approaches, including culturomics, metagenomics, and recovery of whole-genome sequences, that bring renewed hope for an in-depth characterisation of this community that could deliver translational impact.
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Baima DC, Carvalho NS, Barbuti RC, Navarro-Rodriguez T. ASSESSMENT OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN ADULTS WITH EROSIVE ESOPHAGITIS. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2021; 58:168-174. [PMID: 34287529 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202100000-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal microbiota influences the appropriate function of the gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal dysbiosis may be associated with a higher risk of esophageal lesions, mainly due to changes in gastroesophageal motility patterns, elevation of intra-abdominal pressure, and increased frequency of transient relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal microbiota in individuals with erosive esophagitis and in healthy individuals using metagenomics. METHODS A total of 22 fecal samples from adults aged between 18 and 60 years were included. Eleven individuals had esophagitis (eight men and three women) and 11 were healthy controls (10 men and one woman). The individuals were instructed to collect and store fecal material into a tube containing guanidine solution. The DNA of the microbiota was extracted from each fecal samples and PCR amplification was performed using primers for the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The amplicons were sequenced using the Ion Torrent PGM platform and the data were analyzed using the QIIME™ software version 1.8. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test and the ANOSIM non-parametric method based on distance matrix. RESULTS The alpha-diversity and beta-diversity indices were similar between the two groups, without statistically significant differences. There was no statistically significant difference in the phylum level. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in the abundance of the family Clostridiaceae (0.3% vs 2.0%, P=0.032) and in the genus Faecaliumbacterium (10.5% vs 4.5%, P=0.045) between healthy controls and esophagitis patients. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that reduced abundance of the genus Faecaliumbacterium and greater abundance of the family Clostridiaceae may be risk factors for the development of erosive esophagitis. Intervention in the composition of the intestinal microbiota should be considered as an adjunct to current therapeutic strategies for this clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardoso Baima
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Nayara Salgado Carvalho
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Correa Barbuti
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Tomas Navarro-Rodriguez
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Lee MH. Harness the functions of gut microbiome in tumorigenesis for cancer treatment. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:937-967. [PMID: 34355542 PMCID: PMC8504147 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis leads to physiological changes and links to a number of diseases, including cancers. Thus, many cancer categories and treatment regimens should be investigated in the context of the microbiome. Owing to the availability of metagenome sequencing and multiomics studies, analyses of species characterization, host genetic changes, and metabolic profile of gut microbiota have become feasible, which has facilitated an exponential knowledge gain about microbiota composition, taxonomic alterations, and host interactions during tumorigenesis. However, the complexity of the gut microbiota, with a plethora of uncharacterized host‐microbe, microbe‐microbe, and environmental interactions, still contributes to the challenge of advancing our knowledge of the microbiota‐cancer interactions. These interactions manifest in signaling relay, metabolism, immunity, tumor development, genetic instability, sensitivity to cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. This review summarizes current studies/molecular mechanisms regarding the association between the gut microbiota and the development of cancers, which provides insights into the therapeutic strategies that could be harnessed for cancer diagnosis, treatment, or prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mong-Hong Lee
- Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510020, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510020, P. R. China
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Poosari A, Nutravong T, Sa-Ngiamwibool P, Namwat W, Chatrchaiwiwatana S, Ungareewittaya P. Association between infection with Campylobacter species, poor oral health and environmental risk factors on esophageal cancer: a hospital-based case-control study in Thailand. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:82. [PMID: 34332608 PMCID: PMC8325836 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown the association between Campylobacter species infection and that environmental factors, poor oral hygiene in particular, are linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer (EC). However, no study has reported on these factors in Thailand. Thus, this study’s objective was to evaluate the impact of the relationship between Campylobacter infection and environmental factors on EC incidence in the population of Thailand. Methods Data from a case–control study were collected from 105 newly diagnosed EC cases and 105 controls recruited from 2007 to 2017. Infection with Campylobacter spp. was detected in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of EC taken from gastroesophageal biopsy specimens obtained from the participants, and evaluated using TaqMan® real-time PCR. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and perform data analysis. Results Smoking, alcohol use, a family history of cancer, history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection were shown to be significant risk factors for EC (p < 0.05). The combination of poor oral hygiene and infection with Campylobacter spp. constituted significant risk for EC (p < 0.001). In addition, the risk of EC in subjects co-infected with C. rectus and C. concisus that practiced poor oral hygiene was even higher and was significant (ORadj = 4.7; 95% CI 2.41–9.98; p = 0.003). Conclusions In Thailand, the major risk factors for EC are smoking status, alcohol drinking, family history of cancer, GERD, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection. This study found Campylobacter spp. prevalence to be associated with EC and appears to be enhanced by poor oral hygiene, suggesting that a combination of poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter species infection may together act as an important etiological risk factor for EC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40001-021-00561-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisara Poosari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Thitima Nutravong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Prakasit Sa-Ngiamwibool
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen Universtity, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wises Namwat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Piti Ungareewittaya
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen Universtity, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Zhang N, Liu Y, Yang H, Liang M, Wang X, Wang M, Kong J, Yuan X, Zhou F. Clinical Significance of Fusobacterium nucleatum Infection and Regulatory T Cell Enrichment in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609846. [PMID: 34305476 PMCID: PMC8300010 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A variety of pathogenic microorganisms promote tumor occurrence and development through long-term colonization in the body. Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is abundant in precancerous esophageal lesions and is closely related to the malignant progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The invasion of exogenous microorganisms can reshape the immune microenvironment, make the immune system incapacitated, and assist tumor cells in immune escape. A variety of pathogenic microorganisms induce the recruitment of regulatory T cell (Tregs) to allow tumor cells to escape immune surveillance and provide favorable conditions for their own long-term colonization. Tregs are one of the major obstacles to tumor immunotherapy and have a significant positive correlation with the occurrence and development of many kinds of tumors. Because F. nucleatum can instantly enter cells and colonize for a long time, we speculated that F. nucleatum infection could facilitate the immune escape of tumor cells through enrichment of Tregs and promote the malignant progression of ESCC. In this study, we found a significant concordance between F. nucleatum infection and Tregs infiltration. Therefore, we propose the view that chronic infection of F. nucleatum may provide favorable conditions for long-term colonization of itself by recruiting Tregs and suppressing the immune response. At the same time, the massive enrichment of Treg may also weaken the immune response and assist in the long-term colonization of F. nucleatum. We analyzed the correlation between F. nucleatum infection with the clinicopathological characteristics and survival prognosis of the patients. F. nucleatum infection was found to be closely related to sex, smoking, drinking, degree of differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage. The degree of differentiation, depth of infiltration, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and F. nucleatum infection are independent risk factors affecting ESCC prognosis. Additionally, the survival rate and median survival time were significantly shortened in the F. nucleatum infection positive group. Therefore, we propose that long-term smoking and alcohol consumption cause poor oral and esophageal environments, thereby significantly increasing the risk of F. nucleatum infection. In turn, F. nucleatum infection and colonization may weaken the antitumor immune response through Treg enrichment and further assist in self-colonization, promoting the malignant progression of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of PE, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Mengxia Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Min Wang
- Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Jinyu Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, China
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Shen W, Tang D, Deng Y, Li H, Wang T, Wan P, Liu R. Association of gut microbiomes with lung and esophageal cancer: a pilot study. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:128. [PMID: 34212246 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota, especially human pathogens, has been shown to be involved in the occurrence and development of cancer. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and lung cancer are two malignant cancers, and their relationship with gut microbiota is still unclear. Virulence factor database (VFDB) is an integrated and comprehensive online resource for curating information about human pathogens. Here, based on VFDB database, we analyzed the differences of bacteria at genus level in the gut of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, and healthy controls. We proposed the possible cancer-associated bacteria in gut and put forward their possible effects. Apart from this, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and analysis of similarities (ANSOIM) suggested that some bacteria in the gut can be used as potential biomarkers to screen esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and lung cancer, and their effectiveness was preliminary verified. The relative abundance of Klebsiella and Streptococcus can be used to distinguish patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and lung cancer from healthy controls. The absolute abundance of Klebsiella can further distinguish patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from patients with lung cancer. In particular, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium can directly distinguish between patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and healthy controls. Additionally, the absolute abundance of Haemophilus can distinguish lung cancer from healthy controls. Our study provided a new way based on VFDB database to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and cancer, and initially proposed a feasible cancer screening method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Derong Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Impact of Environmental and Pharmacologic Changes on the Upper Gastrointestinal Microbiome. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060617. [PMID: 34072493 PMCID: PMC8229529 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract have become more prevalent over time. Mechanisms of disease formation are still only partially understood. Recent literature has shown that the surrounding microbiome affects the propensity for disease formation in various parts of the upper gastrointestinal tract. A review was performed of any literature to our best knowledge concerning the effects of pharmacologic agents, environmental changes, and surgical intervention on the microbiome of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Searches of the literature were performed using specific keywords related to drugs, surgical procedures, and environmental factors. Many prescription and nonprescription drugs that are commonly used have varying effects on the upper gastrointestinal tract. Proton pump inhibitors may affect the relative prevalence of some organisms in the lower esophagus and have less effect in the proximal esophagus. Changes in the esophageal microbiome correlate with some esophageal diseases. Drugs that induce weight loss have also been shown to affect the microbiomes of the esophagus and stomach. Common surgical procedures are associated with shifts in the microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract. Environmental factors have been shown to affect the microbiome in the upper gastrointestinal tract, as geographic differences correlate with alterations in the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract. Understanding the association of environmental and pharmacologic changes on the microbiome of the upper gastrointestinal tract will facilitate treatment plans to reduce morbidity from disease.
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Bonde A, Daly S, Kirsten J, Kondapaneni S, Mellnick V, Menias CO, Katabathina VS. Human Gut Microbiota-associated Gastrointestinal Malignancies: A Comprehensive Review. Radiographics 2021; 41:1103-1122. [PMID: 33989072 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract houses trillions of microbes. The gut and various types of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea, form a complex ecosystem known as the gut microbiota, and the whole genome of the gut microbiota is referred to as the gut microbiome. The gut microbiota is essential for homeostasis and the overall well-being of a person and is increasingly considered an adjunct "virtual organ," with a complexity level comparable to that of the other organ systems. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in nutrition, local mucosal homeostasis, inflammation, and the mucosal immune system. An imbalanced state of the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can predispose to development of various gastrointestinal malignancies through three speculated pathogenic mechanisms: (a) direct cytotoxic effects with damage to the host DNA, (b) disproportionate proinflammatory signaling inducing inflammation, and (c) activation of tumorigenic pathways or suppression of tumor-suppressing pathways. Several microorganisms, including Helicobacter pylori, Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomavirus, Mycoplasma species, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus bovis, are associated with gastrointestinal malignancies such as esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, and anal squamous cell carcinoma. Imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosis and management of microbiota-associated gastrointestinal malignancies. Appropriate use of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and overall promotion of the healthy gut are ongoing areas of research for prevention and treatment of malignancies. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Bonde
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., S.D., J.K., V.S.K.); University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex (S.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (V.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Sean Daly
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., S.D., J.K., V.S.K.); University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex (S.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (V.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Julia Kirsten
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., S.D., J.K., V.S.K.); University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex (S.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (V.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Sainath Kondapaneni
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., S.D., J.K., V.S.K.); University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex (S.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (V.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Vincent Mellnick
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., S.D., J.K., V.S.K.); University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex (S.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (V.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Christine O Menias
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., S.D., J.K., V.S.K.); University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex (S.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (V.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
| | - Venkata S Katabathina
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., S.D., J.K., V.S.K.); University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex (S.K.); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (V.M.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.O.M.)
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Tong Y, Gao H, Qi Q, Liu X, Li J, Gao J, Li P, Wang Y, Du L, Wang C. High fat diet, gut microbiome and gastrointestinal cancer. Theranostics 2021; 11:5889-5910. [PMID: 33897888 PMCID: PMC8058730 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is currently one of the main causes of cancer death, with a large number of cases and a wide range of lesioned sites. A high fat diet, as a public health problem, has been shown to be correlated with various digestive system diseases and tumors, and can accelerate the occurrence of cancer due to inflammation and altered metabolism. The gut microbiome has been the focus of research in recent years, and associated with cell damage or tumor immune microenvironment changes via direct or extra-intestinal effects; this may facilitate the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal tumors. Based on research showing that both a high fat diet and gut microbes can promote the occurrence of gastrointestinal tumors, and that a high fat diet imbalances intestinal microbes, we propose that a high fat diet drives gastrointestinal tumors by changing the composition of intestinal microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huiru Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuchen Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Chen MF, Lu MS, Hsieh CC, Chen WC. Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes tumor progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:373-384. [PMID: 33201403 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing evidence indicates that the microbiome may influence tumor growth and modulate the tumor microenvironment of gastrointestinal cancers. However, the role of oral bacteria in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (EsoSCC) has remained unclear. Herein, we investigated the relationship between the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and EsoSCC. METHODS To identify bacterial biomarkers associated with EsoSCC, we analyzed microbiomes in oral biofilms. The presence of P. gingivalis in esophageal tissues and relationships of P. gingivalis infection with clinicopathologic characteristics in 156 patients with EsoSCC were assessed using immunohistochemistry. The role of P. gingivalis infection in in vitro and in vivo EsoSCC progression was also assessed. RESULTS Microbiota profiles in oral biofilms revealed that P. gingivalis abundance was associated with an increased risk of EsoSCC development. In total, 57% of patients with EsoSCC were found to be infected with P. gingivalis. The presence of P. gingivalis was found to be associated with advanced clinical stages and a poor prognosis. It was also found to be associated with an elevated esophageal cancer incidence in a 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced mouse model and with an increased xenograft tumor growth. P. gingivalis infection increased interleukin (IL)-6 production and it promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Furthermore, inhibited IL-6 signaling attenuated the tumor-promoting effects of P. gingivalis in 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-treated mice and xenograft mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that P. gingivalis may promote esophageal cancer development and progression. Direct targeting of P. gingivalis or concomitant IL-6 signaling may be a promising strategy to prevent and/or treat EsoSCC associated with P. gingivalis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Fen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Shian Lu
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Hsieh
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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48
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MAIT Cells: Partners or Enemies in Cancer Immunotherapy? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071502. [PMID: 33805904 PMCID: PMC8037823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Unconventional T cells have recently come under intense scrutiny because of their innate-like effector functions and unique antigen specificity, suggesting their potential importance in antitumor immunity. MAIT cells, one such population of unconventional T cell, have been shown to significantly influence bacterial infections, parasitic and fungal infections, viral infections, autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases, and, as discussed thoroughly in this review, various cancers. This review aims to merge accumulating evidence, tease apart the complexities of MAIT cell biology in different malignancies, and discuss how these may impact clinical outcomes. While it is clear that MAIT cells can impact the tumor microenvironment, the nature of these interactions varies depending on the type of cancer, subset of MAIT cell, patient demographic, microbiome composition, and the type of therapy administered. This review examines the impact of these variables on MAIT cells and discusses outstanding questions within the field. Abstract A recent boom in mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell research has identified relationships between MAIT cell abundance, function, and clinical outcomes in various malignancies. As they express a variety of immune checkpoint receptors and ligands, and possess strong cytotoxic functions, MAIT cells are an attractive new subject in the field of tumor immunology. MAIT cells are a class of innate-like T cells that express a semi-invariant T cell antigen receptor (TCR) that recognizes microbially derived non-peptide antigens presented by the non-polymorphic MHC class-1 like molecule, MR1. In this review, we outline the current (and often contradictory) evidence exploring MAIT cell biology and how MAIT cells impact clinical outcomes in different human cancers, as well as what role they may have in cancer immunotherapy.
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49
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Ueda S, Goto M, Hashimoto K, Hasegawa S, Imazawa M, Takahashi M, Oh-Iwa I, Shimozato K, Nagao T, Nomoto S. Salivary CCL20 Level as a Biomarker for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:103-112. [PMID: 33608307 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study investigated the utility of C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) expression in saliva as a biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and also examined the associated microbiome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group included patients with OSCC or oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), and healthy volunteers (HVs). microarray and qRT-PCR were used to compare salivary CCL20 expression levels among groups. Data on CCL20 levels in oral cancer tissues and normal tissues were retrieved from a public database and examined. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing was used to investigate the salivary microbiome. RESULTS A significant increase in the expression level of CCL20 was observed in both OSCC tissues and saliva from patients with oral cancer. Fusobacterium was identified as the predominant bacteria in OSCC and correlated with CCL20 expression level. OSCC screening based on salivary CCL20 expression enabled successful differentiation between patients with OSCC and HVs. CONCLUSION CCL20 expression may be a useful biomarker for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Ueda
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Goto
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kengo Hashimoto
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shogo Hasegawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Imazawa
- Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Marico Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ichiro Oh-Iwa
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shimozato
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toru Nagao
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Surgery, School of Dentistry, Aichi-gakuin University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;
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50
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Yang W, Chen CH, Jia M, Xing X, Gao L, Tsai HT, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Zeng B, Yeung SCJ, Lee MH, Cheng C. Tumor-Associated Microbiota in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:641270. [PMID: 33681225 PMCID: PMC7930383 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.641270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Important evidence indicates the microbiota plays a key role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The esophageal microbiota was prospectively investigated in 18 patients with ESCC and 11 patients with physiological normal (PN) esophagus by 16S rRNA gene profiling, using next-generation sequencing. The microbiota composition in tumor tissues of ESCC patients were significantly different from that of patients with PN tissues. The ESCC microbiota was characterized by reduced microbial diversity, by decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Spirochaetes. Employing these taxa into a microbial dysbiosis index demonstrated that dysbiosis microbiota had good capacity to discriminate between ESCC and PN esophagus. Functional analysis characterized that ESCC microbiota had altered nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase functions compared with PN group. These results suggest that specific microbes and the microbiota may drive or mitigate ESCC carcinogenesis, and this study will facilitate assigning causal roles in ESCC development to certain microbes and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Han Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou County, Taiwan
| | - Minghan Jia
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangbin Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Gao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hsin-Ting Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou County, Taiwan
| | - Zhanfei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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