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Cenciarelli F, Falini G, Giuri D, Tomasini C. Controlled Lactonization of o-Coumaric Esters Mediated by Supramolecular Gels. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040350. [PMID: 37102962 PMCID: PMC10137337 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragrances are volatile organic compounds widely used in our daily life. Unfortunately, the high volatility required to reach human receptors reduces their persistency in the air. To contrast this effect, several strategies may be used. Among them, we present here the combination of two techniques: the microencapsulation in supramolecular gels and the use of profragrances. We report a study on the controlled lactonization of four esters derived from o-coumaric acid. The ester lactonization spontaneously occurs after exposure to solar light, releasing coumarin and the corresponding alcohol. To determine the rate of fragrance release, we compared the reaction in solution and in a supramolecular gel and we demonstrated that the lactonization reaction always occurs slower in the gel. We also studied the more suitable gel for this aim, by comparing the properties of two supramolecular gels obtained with the gelator Boc-L-DOPA(Bn)2-OH in a 1:1 ethanol/water mixture in different gelator concentration (0.2% and 1% w/v). The gel prepared with 1% w/v gelator concentration is stronger and less transparent than the other and was used for the profragrances encapsulation. In any case, we obtained a significative reduction of lactonization reaction in gel, compared with the same reaction in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia Cenciarelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Demetra Giuri
- Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Tomasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Andreu-Ardil L. Recent Advances in the Preparation of Delivery Systems for the Controlled Release of Scents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054685. [PMID: 36902122 PMCID: PMC10002519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scents are volatile compounds highly employed in a wide range of manufactured items, such as fine perfumery, household products, and functional foods. One of the main directions of the research in this area aims to enhance the longevity of scents by designing efficient delivery systems to control the release rate of these volatile molecules and also increase their stability. Several approaches to release scents in a controlled manner have been developed in recent years. Thus, different controlled release systems have been prepared, including polymers, metal-organic frameworks and mechanically interlocked systems, among others. This review is focused on the preparation of different scaffolds to accomplish a slow release of scents, by pointing out examples reported in the last five years. In addition to discuss selected examples, a critical perspective on the state of the art of this research field is provided, comparing the different types of scent delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Wu CJ, Zhang WF, Dai SY, Liu S, Fan W, Mao J, Zhang QD, Chai GB, Shi QZ, Liu YY, Zhang SS, Xie JP. Copper(I)-Iodide Clusters as Carriers for Regulating and Visualizing Release of Aroma Molecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5954-5962. [PMID: 36661841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Achieving the controlled release of functional substances is indispensable in many aspects of life. Especially for the aroma molecules, their effective delivery of flavor and fragrance is challenging. Here, selected pyridines, as highly volatile odorants, were individually coordinated with copper(I) iodide (CuII) via a straightforward one-pot synthesis method, rapidly forming pure or even crystalline CuII cluster-based profragrances at room temperature. The obtained profragrances enabled the stable and high loading of volatile fragrances under ambient conditions and guaranteed their long-lasting release during heating. Furthermore, the intrinsic emission luminescence of these solid-state profragrances decayed along with the aroma release, which can serve as an additional indicator for monitoring the delivery process. This research sets a precedent for using CuII clusters as dual-purpose release agents and greatly expands their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jun Wu
- Flavour Science Research Center of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Fen Zhang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yu Dai
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou450001, P. R. China
| | - Wu Fan
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Jian Mao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Dong Zhang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Bi Chai
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Zhao Shi
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Sheng Zhang
- Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Xie
- Flavour Science Research Center of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Road, Zhengzhou, Henan450001, P. R. China
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Nagler F, Schiller C, Kropf C, Schacher FH. Amphiphilic Graft Copolymers for Time-Delayed Release of Hydrophobic Fragrances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56087-56096. [PMID: 36475582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
When a controlled or retarded release of perfumes is required such as in cosmetics or cleaning products, polymers can be applied as encapsulation agents. With regard to such applications, we investigated two amphiphilic graft copolymers featuring a polydehydroalanine (PDha) backbone and different hydrophobic side chains. Hereby, grafting of aliphatic octyl side chains (PDha-g-EOct) enabled the adsorption of the aliphatic fragrance tetrahydrolinalool with moderate loads, whereas benzyl side chains (PDha-g-BGE) allowed taking up aromatic fragrances, for example, amylsalicylate-n with exceptionally high loads of up to 8 g g-1. The side-chain density was studied as well but had no significant influence on the loading. In addition, the characterization and quantification of the load by NMR and thermogravimetric analysis were compared, and it was also possible to load the aromatic model fragrance into the graft copolymer with aliphatic side chains. After 3 months, the load had decreased by 40-50% and, hence, such systems are of interest for a long-term release of perfumes over months. Although this study is a proof-of-concept, we foresee that such polyampholytic graft copolymers can be tailored for the adsorption of a variety of hydrophobic perfumes simply by altering polarity and chemistry of the side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frieda Nagler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Schiller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Kropf
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Henkelstraße 67, D-40589Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D-07743Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743Jena, Germany
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Xiao Z, Sun P, Liu H, Zhao Q, Niu Y, Zhao D. Stimulus responsive microcapsules and their aromatic applications. J Control Release 2022; 351:198-214. [PMID: 36122896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Fragrances and essential oils are promising for a wide range of applications due to their pleasant odors and diverse effects. However, direct addition to consumer products has the disadvantages of short retention time and easy deterioration of odor. At the same time, releasing a large amount of odor in a short time may be an unpleasant experience, which severely limits the practical application of aromatic substances. Microencapsulation perfectly solves these problems. Stimuli-responsive microcapsules, which combine environmental stimulation with microencapsulation, can not only effectively prevent the rapid decomposition and evaporation of aroma components, but also realize the "on-off" intelligent release of aroma substances to environmental changes, which have great promise in the field of fragrances. In this review, the application of stimuli-responsive microcapsules in fragrances is highlighted. Firstly, various encapsulation materials used to prepare stimuli-responsive aromatic microcapsules are described, mainly including some natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and inorganic materials. Subsequently, there is a detailed description of the common release mechanisms of stimuli-responsive aromatic microcapsules are described in detail. Finally, the application and future research directions are given for stimuli-responsive aromatic microcapsules in new textiles, food, paper, and leather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuobing Xiao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pingli Sun
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Huiqin Liu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Qixuan Zhao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yunwei Niu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Di Zhao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
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Zhou X, Liu M, Han J, Wang L, Xiao Z, Zhu WH. Hydrolyzable Quaternary Pyridinium Surfactants: Antimicrobial Profragrances for Controllable Perfume Release. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jianwei Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zuobing Xiao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Controlled Hydrolysis of Odorants Schiff Bases in Low-Molecular-Weight Gels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063105. [PMID: 35328526 PMCID: PMC8952255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imines or Schiff bases (SB) are formed by the condensation of an aldehyde or a ketone with a primary amine, with the removal of a water molecule. Schiff bases are central molecules in several biological processes for their ability to form and cleave by small variation of the medium. We report here the controlled hydrolysis of four SBs that may be applied in the fragrance industry, as they are profragrances all containing odorant molecules: methyl anthranilate as primary amine, and four aldehydes (cyclamal, helional, hydroxycitronellal and triplal) that are very volatile odorants. The SB stability was assessed over time by HPLC-MS in neutral or acidic conditions, both in solution and when trapped in low molecular weight gels. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to control the hydrolysis of the Schiff bases in the gel environment, thus tuning the quantity of aldehyde released and the persistency of the fragrance.
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8
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Zhang B, Chen H, Jiang L, Shen Y, Zhao D, Zhou Z. A breathing A4 paper by in situ growth of green metal–organic frameworks for air freshening and cleaning. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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