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PhyloPlus: a Universal Tool for Phylogenetic Interrogation of Metagenomic Communities. mBio 2023; 14:e0345522. [PMID: 36645293 PMCID: PMC9973285 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03455-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phylogeny is a powerful tool that can be incorporated into quantitative descriptions of community diversity, yet its use has been limited largely due to the difficulty in constructing phylogenies which incorporate the wide genomic diversity of microbial communities. Here, we describe the development of a web portal, PhyloPlus, which enables users to generate customized phylogenies that may be applied to any bacterial or archaeal communities. We demonstrate the power of phylogeny by comparing metrics that employ phylogeny with those that do not when applied to data sets from two metagenomic studies (fermented food, n = 58; human microbiome, n = 60). This example shows how inclusion of all bacterial species identified by taxonomic classifiers (Kraken2 and Kaiju) made the phylogeny perfectly congruent to the corresponding classification outputs. Our phylogeny-based approach also enabled the construction of more constrained null models which (i) shed light into community structure and (ii) minimize potential inflation of type I errors. Construction of such null models allowed for the observation of under-dispersion in 44 (75.86%) food samples, with the metacommunity defined as bacteria that were found in different food matrices. We also observed that closely related species with high abundance and uneven distribution across different sites could potentially exaggerate the dissimilarity between phylogenetically similar communities if they were measured using traditional species-based metrics (Padj. = 0.003), whereas this effect was mitigated by incorporating phylogeny (Padj. = 1). In summary, our tool can provide additional insights into microbial communities of interest and facilitate the use of phylogeny-based approaches in metagenomic analyses. IMPORTANCE There has been an explosion of interest in how microbial diversity affects human health, food safety, and environmental functions among many other processes. Accurately measuring the diversity and structure of those communities is central to understanding their effects. Here, we describe the development of a freely available online tool, PhyloPlus, which allows users to generate custom phylogenies that may be applied to any data set, thereby removing a major obstacle to the application of phylogeny to metagenomic data analysis. We demonstrate that the genetic relatedness of the organisms within those communities is a critical feature of their overall diversity, and that using a phylogeny which captures and quantifies this diversity allows for much more accurate descriptions while preventing misleading conclusions based on estimates that ignore evolutionary relationships.
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Gross CP, Duffy JE, Hovel KA, Kardish MR, Reynolds PL, Boström C, Boyer KE, Cusson M, Eklöf J, Engelen AH, Eriksson BK, Fodrie FJ, Griffin JN, Hereu CM, Hori M, Hughes AR, Ivanov MV, Jorgensen P, Kruschel C, Lee KS, Lefcheck J, McGlathery K, Moksnes PO, Nakaoka M, O'Connor MI, O'Connor NE, Olsen JL, Orth RJ, Peterson BJ, Reiss H, Rossi F, Ruesink J, Sotka EE, Thormar J, Tomas F, Unsworth R, Voigt EP, Whalen MA, Ziegler SL, Stachowicz JJ. The biogeography of community assembly: latitude and predation drive variation in community trait distribution in a guild of epifaunal crustaceans. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20211762. [PMID: 35193403 PMCID: PMC8864368 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While considerable evidence exists of biogeographic patterns in the intensity of species interactions, the influence of these patterns on variation in community structure is less clear. Studying how the distributions of traits in communities vary along global gradients can inform how variation in interactions and other factors contribute to the process of community assembly. Using a model selection approach on measures of trait dispersion in crustaceans associated with eelgrass (Zostera marina) spanning 30° of latitude in two oceans, we found that dispersion strongly increased with increasing predation and decreasing latitude. Ocean and epiphyte load appeared as secondary predictors; Pacific communities were more overdispersed while Atlantic communities were more clustered, and increasing epiphytes were associated with increased clustering. By examining how species interactions and environmental filters influence community structure across biogeographic regions, we demonstrate how both latitudinal variation in species interactions and historical contingency shape these responses. Community trait distributions have implications for ecosystem stability and functioning, and integrating large-scale observations of environmental filters, species interactions and traits can help us predict how communities may respond to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin P Gross
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Emmett Duffy
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, MarineGEO, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Kevin A Hovel
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Melissa R Kardish
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Pamela L Reynolds
- DataLab: Data Science and Informatics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christoffer Boström
- Department of Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo, Finland
| | - Katharyn E Boyer
- Estuary & Ocean Science Center and Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mathieu Cusson
- Sciences fondamentales and Québec Océan, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - Johan Eklöf
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - F Joel Fodrie
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, USA
| | - John N Griffin
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Clara M Hereu
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja CA, Mexico
| | - Masakazu Hori
- Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - A Randall Hughes
- Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, USA
| | - Mikhail V Ivanov
- Department of Ichthyology and Hydrobiology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pablo Jorgensen
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur, Argentina
| | | | - Kun-Seop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jonathan Lefcheck
- DataLab: Data Science and Informatics, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen McGlathery
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Per-Olav Moksnes
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Mary I O'Connor
- Biodiversity Research Centre and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nessa E O'Connor
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Robert J Orth
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
| | - Bradley J Peterson
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Francesca Rossi
- Centre National de la Récherche Scientifique, ECOSEAS Laboratory, Université de Cote d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jennifer Ruesink
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erik E Sotka
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Fiona Tomas
- IMEDEAS (CSIC), Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | | | - Erin P Voigt
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matthew A Whalen
- Hakai Institute, Campbell River, British Columbia, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - John J Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Nitta JH, Watkins JE, Davis CC. Life in the canopy: community trait assessments reveal substantial functional diversity among fern epiphytes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1885-1899. [PMID: 32285944 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of angiosperm-dominated forests in the Cretaceous and early Cenozoic had a profound effect on terrestrial biota by creating novel ecological niches. The majority of modern fern lineages are hypothesized to have arisen in response to this expansion, particularly fern epiphytes that radiated into the canopy. Recent evidence, however, suggests that epiphytism does not correlate with increased diversification rates in ferns, calling into question the role of the canopy habitat in fern evolution. To understand the role of the canopy in structuring fern community diversity, we investigated functional traits of fern sporophytes and gametophytes across a broad phylogenetic sampling on the island of Moorea, French Polynesia, including > 120 species and representatives of multiple epiphytic radiations. While epiphytes showed convergence in small size and a higher frequency of noncordate gametophytes, they showed greater functional diversity at the community level relative to terrestrial ferns. These results suggest previously overlooked functional diversity among fern epiphytes, and raise the hypothesis that while the angiosperm canopy acted as a complex filter that restricted plant size, it also facilitated diversification into finely partitioned niches. Characterizing these niche axes and adaptations of epiphytic ferns occupying them should be a priority for future pteridological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel H Nitta
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - James E Watkins
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Charles C Davis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Taxonomic, Phylogenetic, and Functional Diversity of Ferns at Three Differently Disturbed Sites in Longnan County, China. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12040135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human disturbances are greatly threatening to the biodiversity of vascular plants. Compared to seed plants, the diversity patterns of ferns have been poorly studied along disturbance gradients, including aspects of their taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. Longnan County, a biodiversity hotspot in the subtropical zone in South China, was selected to obtain a more thorough picture of the fern–disturbance relationship, in particular, the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of ferns at different levels of disturbance. In 90 sample plots of 5 × 5 m2 along roadsides at three sites, we recorded a total of 20 families, 50 genera, and 99 species of ferns, as well as 9759 individual ferns. The sample coverage curve indicated that the sampling effort was sufficient for biodiversity analysis. In general, the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity measured by Hill numbers of order q = 0–3 indicated that the fern diversity in Longnan County was largely influenced by the level of human disturbance, which supports the ‘increasing disturbance hypothesis’. Many functional traits of ferns at the most disturbed site were adaptive to the disturbance. There were also some indicators of fern species responding to the different disturbance levels. Hence, ferns may be considered as a good indicator group for environmental stress.
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Trotta LB, Baiser B, Possley J, Li D, Lange J, Martin S, Sessa EB. Community phylogeny of the globally critically imperiled pine rockland ecosystem. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:1735-1747. [PMID: 30300935 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Community phylogenetic methods incorporate information on evolutionary relationships into studies of organismal assemblages. We used a community phylogenetic framework to investigate relationships and biogeographic affinities and to calculate phylogenetic signal of endemism and invasiveness for the flora of the pine rocklands-a globally critically imperiled ecosystem with a significant portion of its distribution in South Florida, United States. METHODS We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of 538 vascular plant taxa, which represent 92.28% of the vascular flora of the pine rocklands. We estimated phylogenetic signal for endemism and invasiveness using phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models. We determined the native range for each species in the data set and calculated the total number of species sourced from each region and all possible combinations of these regions. KEY RESULTS The pine rockland flora includes representatives of all major vascular plant lineages, and most species have native ranges in the New World. There was strong phylogenetic signal for endemism, but not for invasiveness. CONCLUSIONS Community phylogenetics has high potential value for conservation planning, particularly for fragmented and endangered ecosystems like the pine rockland. Strong phylogenetic signal for endemic species in our data set, which also tend to be threatened or endangered, can help to identify species at risk, as well as fragments where those species occur, highlighting conservation priorities. Our results indicate, at least in the pine rockland ecosystem, no phylogenetic signal for invasive species, and thus other information must be used to predict the potential for invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B Trotta
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Benjamin Baiser
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - James Lange
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Sarah Martin
- The Nature Conservancy, Maitland, FL
- Institute for Regional Conservation, Delray Beach, FL
| | - Emily B Sessa
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Soltis DE, Moore MJ, Sessa EB, Smith SA, Soltis PS. Using and navigating the plant tree of life. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:287-290. [PMID: 29702724 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, P. O. Box 117800, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, P. O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, OH, 44074, USA
| | - Emily B Sessa
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, P. O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Stephen A Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, P. O. Box 117800, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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