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Lusizi Z, Motsi H, Nyambo P, Elephant DE. Black ( Acacia mearnsii) and silver wattle ( Acacia dealbata) invasive tree species impact on soil physicochemical properties in South Africa: A systematic literature review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24102. [PMID: 38293477 PMCID: PMC10825353 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive alien plant species are a problem to global biodiversity, ecosystem dynamics, and human livelihood. The risks and potential effects of invasive alien species on local vegetation are growing, particularly the potential loss of ecological services. Thus, this study aimed to synthesise the impacts of acacia 'species' on soil physicochemical properties in South Africa. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework for conducting a systematic review was followed. A total of 16 studies that met the study selection criteria were used. Data were extracted and evaluated by checking if any soil physicochemical parameters increased (+) or decreased (-) the impacts on invaded and cleared soils. The results showed increased quantities of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and gravimetric water content in invaded soil than in cleared soil. Acacia species generally positively improved the soil's physical and chemical properties during their invasion, and some minor changes may occur after their clearance, such as a decrease in cations. The results of this study only explain how acacias affect soil physical and chemical properties in three provinces; therefore, there need to be more studies from other provinces which could have further given insights into a particular region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenande Lusizi
- Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Hamond Motsi
- Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Patrick Nyambo
- Risk and Vulnerability Science Center, University of Fort Hare, South Africa, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Dimpho Elvis Elephant
- Department of Agronomy, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
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Vicente S, Trindade H, Máguas C, Le Roux JJ. Genetic analyses reveal a complex introduction history of the globally invasive tree Acacia longifolia. NEOBIOTA 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.82.87455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Acacia longifolia (Sydney golden wattle) is considered one of the most problematic plant invaders in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. In this study, we investigate the species’ invasion history by comparing the genetic diversity and structure of native (Australia) and several invasive range (Brazil, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, and Uruguay) populations and by modelling different introduction scenarios using these data. We sampled 272 A. longifolia individuals – 126 from different invasive ranges and 146 from the native range – from 41 populations. We genotyped all individuals at four chloroplast and 12 nuclear microsatellite markers. From these data we calculated diversity metrics, identified chloroplast haplotypes, and estimated population genetic structure based on Bayesian assignment tests. We used Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) models to infer the likely introduction history into each invaded country. In Australia, population genetic structure of A. longifolia appears to be strongly shaped by the Bass Strait and we identified two genetic clusters largely corresponding to mainland Australian and Tasmanian populations. We found invasive populations to represent a mixture of these clusters. Similar levels of genetic diversity were present in native and invasive ranges, indicating that invasive populations did not go through a genetic bottleneck. Bayesian assignment tests and chloroplast haplotype frequencies further suggested a secondary introduction event between South Africa and Portugal. However, ABC analyses could not confidently identify the native source(s) of invasive populations in these two countries, probably due to the known high propagule pressure that accompanied these introductions. ABC analyses identified Tasmania as the likely source of invasive populations in Brazil and Uruguay. A definitive native source for Spanish populations could also not be identified. This study shows that tracing the introduction history of A. longifolia is difficult, most likely because of the complexity associated with the extensive movement of the species around the world. Our findings should be considered when planning management and control efforts, such as biological control, in some invaded regions.
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Zamorano D, Labra FA, Vila I, Meier CI. Rivers as a potential dispersing agent of the invasive tree Acacia dealbata. REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40693-022-00109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The silver wattle Acacia dealbata is a fast-growing tree from Australia that has become naturalised in different regions of the world, attaining invasive status in most of them. In Chile, A. dealbata reaches large abundances along banks and floodplains of invaded fluvial systems, suggesting that rivers may act as a vector for seed dispersal. As hydrochory has not been documented previously in this species, the aim of this study is to evaluate the potential for water dispersal of seeds of this invasive tree along rivers.
Methods
Seed samples from rivers were collected at three sites along two A. dealbata-invaded rivers within the Cachapoal basin, central Chile. Number of seeds collected was contrasted versus hydraulic and local conditions with RDA. Seed buoyancy and sedimentation velocity were determined and compared between sites with an ANCOVA. Finally, the probability of seed germination after long periods of immersion in water was assessed, simulating transport conditions in the flow. Germination results were tested with a GLM.
Results
Results indicate that increasing abundance of A. dealbata seeds in the flow is related to the level of turbulence of the flow. Seeds display high floatability but their sedimentation velocity is high when they do sink. Finally, silver wattle seeds can germinate after long periods (many weeks) of immersion in water; however, their probability of germination depends to a large extent on whether seeds are scarified or not.
Conclusions
Based on the evidence collected, we suggest that the seeds of A. dealbata have the necessary traits to be dispersed by rivers, this being the first research testing this hypothesis. The success of hydrochory of A. dealbata would depend on river flow turbulence, and whether there are natural mechanisms for scarifying the seeds either before or during transport. The proposed methodology can be used to assess river hydrochory for any tree species.
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Byrne D, Scheben A, Scott JK, Webber BL, Batchelor KL, Severn-Ellis AA, Gooden B, Bell KL. Genomics reveals the history of a complex plant invasion and improves the management of a biological invasion from the South African-Australian biotic exchange. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9179. [PMID: 36016815 PMCID: PMC9396708 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plants exchanged in the global redistribution of species in the last 200 years, particularly between South Africa and Australia, have become threatening invasive species in their introduced range. Refining our understanding of the genetic diversity and population structure of native and alien populations, introduction pathways, propagule pressure, naturalization, and initial spread, can transform the effectiveness of management and prevention of further introductions. We used 20,221 single nucleotide polymorphisms to reconstruct the invasion of a coastal shrub, Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundata (bitou bush) from South Africa, into eastern Australia (EAU), and Western Australia (WAU). We determined genetic diversity and population structure across the native and introduced ranges and compared hypothesized invasion scenarios using Bayesian modeling. We detected considerable genetic structure in the native range, as well as differentiation between populations in the native and introduced range. Phylogenetic analysis showed the introduced samples to be most closely related to the southern-most native populations, although Bayesian analysis inferred introduction from a ghost population. We detected strong genetic bottlenecks during the founding of both the EAU and WAU populations. It is likely that the WAU population was introduced from EAU, possibly involving an unsampled ghost population. The number of private alleles and polymorphic SNPs successively decreased from South Africa to EAU to WAU, although heterozygosity remained high. That bitou bush remains an invasion threat in EAU, despite reduced genetic diversity, provides a cautionary biosecurity message regarding the risk of introduction of potentially invasive species via shipping routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Byrne
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity Floreat Western Australia Australia
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Armin Scheben
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring, Harbor New York USA
| | - John K Scott
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity Floreat Western Australia Australia
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Bruce L Webber
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity Floreat Western Australia Australia
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- Western Australian Biodiversity Science Institute Perth Western Australia Australia
| | | | - Anita A Severn-Ellis
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Ben Gooden
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Karen L Bell
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity Floreat Western Australia Australia
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
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Vicente S, Máguas C, Richardson DM, Trindade H, Wilson JRU, Le Roux JJ. Highly diverse and highly successful: invasive Australian acacias have not experienced genetic bottlenecks globally. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:149-157. [PMID: 33876193 PMCID: PMC8324033 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Invasive species may undergo rapid evolution despite very limited standing genetic diversity. This so-called genetic paradox of biological invasions assumes that an invasive species has experienced (and survived) a genetic bottleneck and then underwent local adaptation in the new range. In this study, we test how often Australian acacias (genus Acacia), one of the world's most problematic invasive tree groups, have experienced genetic bottlenecks and inbreeding. METHODS We collated genetic data from 51 different genetic studies on Acacia species to compare genetic diversity between native and invasive populations. These studies analysed 37 different Acacia species, with genetic data from the invasive ranges of 11 species, and data from the native range for 36 species (14 of these 36 species are known to be invasive somewhere in the world, and the other 22 are not known to be invasive). KEY RESULTS Levels of genetic diversity are similar in native and invasive populations, and there is little evidence of invasive populations being extensively inbred. Levels of genetic diversity in native range populations also did not differ significantly between species that have and that do not have invasive populations. CONCLUSION We attribute our findings to the impressive movement, introduction effort and human usage of Australian acacias around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicente
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Cristina Máguas
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David M Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Helena Trindade
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - John R U Wilson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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Castillo ML, Schaffner U, van Wilgen BW, Montaño NM, Bustamante RO, Cosacov A, Mathese MJ, Le Roux JJ. Genetic insights into the globally invasive and taxonomically problematic tree genus Prosopis. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plaa069. [PMID: 33542801 PMCID: PMC7846124 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Accurate taxonomic identification of alien species is crucial to detect new incursions, prevent or reduce the arrival of new invaders and implement management options such as biological control. Globally, the taxonomy of non-native Prosopis species is problematic due to misidentification and extensive hybridization. We performed a genetic analysis on several Prosopis species, and their putative hybrids, including both native and non-native populations, with a special focus on Prosopis invasions in Eastern Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania). We aimed to clarify the taxonomic placement of non-native populations and to infer the introduction histories of Prosopis in Eastern Africa. DNA sequencing data from nuclear and chloroplast markers showed high homology (almost 100 %) between most species analysed. Analyses based on seven nuclear microsatellites confirmed weak population genetic structure among Prosopis species. Hybrids and polyploid individuals were recorded in both native and non-native populations. Invasive genotypes of Prosopis juliflora in Kenya and Ethiopia could have a similar native Mexican origin, while Tanzanian genotypes likely are from a different source. Native Peruvian Prosopis pallida genotypes showed high similarity with non-invasive genotypes from Kenya. Levels of introduced genetic diversity, relative to native populations, suggest that multiple introductions of P. juliflora and P. pallida occurred in Eastern Africa. Polyploidy may explain the successful invasion of P. juliflora in Eastern Africa. The polyploid P. juliflora was highly differentiated from the rest of the (diploid) species within the genus. The lack of genetic differentiation between most diploid species in their native ranges supports the notion that hybridization between allopatric species may occur frequently when they are co-introduced into non-native areas. For regulatory purposes, we propose to treat diploid Prosopis taxa from the Americas as a single taxonomic unit in non-native ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Castillo
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | | | - Brian W van Wilgen
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Noé Manuel Montaño
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, CP, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ramiro O Bustamante
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, CP, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Cosacov
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva - Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal IMBIV, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, CP, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Megan J Mathese
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Hirsch H, Richardson DM, Pauchard A, Le Roux JJ. Genetic analyses reveal complex introduction histories for the invasive tree
Acacia dealbata
Link around the world. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Hirsch
- Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - David M. Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB) Santiago Chile
| | - Johannes J. Le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
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