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Waite PA, Leuschner C, Delzon S, Triadiati T, Saad A, Schuldt B. Plasticity of wood and leaf traits related to hydraulic efficiency and safety is linked to evaporative demand and not soil moisture in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:2131-2149. [PMID: 37707940 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The predicted increase of drought intensity in South-East Asia has raised concern about the sustainability of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) cultivation. In order to quantify the degree of phenotypic plasticity in this important tree crop species, we analysed a set of wood and leaf traits related to the hydraulic safety and efficiency in PB260 clones from eight small-holder plantations in Jambi province, Indonesia, representing a gradient in local microclimatic and edaphic conditions. Across plots, branch embolism resistance (P50) ranged from -2.14 to -2.58 MPa. The P50 and P88 values declined, and the hydraulic safety margin increased, with an increase in the mean annual vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Among leaf traits, only the changes in specific leaf area were related to the differences in evaporative demand. These variations of hydraulic trait values were not related to soil moisture levels. We did not find a trade-off between hydraulic safety and efficiency, but vessel density (VD) emerged as a major trait associated with both safety and efficiency. The VD, and not vessel diameter, was closely related to P50 and P88 as well as to specific hydraulic conductivity, the lumen-to-sapwood area ratio and the vessel grouping index. In conclusion, our results demonstrate some degree of phenotypic plasticity in wood traits related to hydraulic safety in this tropical tree species, but this is only in response to the local changes in evaporative demand and not soil moisture. Given that VPD may increasingly limit plant growth in a warmer world, our results provide evidence of hydraulic trait changes in response to a rising evaporative demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-André Waite
- Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Pienner Straße 7, Tharandt 01737, Germany
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Goettingen 37073, Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Goettingen 37073, Germany
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Department of Biodiversity, Genes, and Communities (BIOGECO), Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Université Bordeaux, Bat. 2 Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, Pessac 33615, France
| | - Triadiati Triadiati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor IPB University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Asmadi Saad
- Department of Soil Science, University of Jambi, Jalan Raya Jambi Muara Bulian KM 15 Mandalo Indah, Jambi, Sumatra 36361, Indonesia
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Pienner Straße 7, Tharandt 01737, Germany
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Goettingen 37073, Germany
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2
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Brum M, Vadeboncoeur M, Asbjornsen H, Puma Vilca BL, Galiano D, Horwath AB, Metcalfe DB. Ecophysiological controls on water use of tropical cloud forest trees in response to experimental drought. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1514-1532. [PMID: 37209136 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs) are expected to experience more frequent and prolonged droughts over the coming century, yet understanding of TCMF tree responses to moisture stress remains weak compared with the lowland tropics. We simulated a severe drought in a throughfall reduction experiment (TFR) for 2 years in a Peruvian TCMF and evaluated the physiological responses of several dominant species (Clusia flaviflora Engl., Weinmannia bangii (Rusby) Engl., Weinmannia crassifolia Ruiz & Pav. and Prunus integrifolia (C. Presl) Walp). Measurements were taken of (i) sap flow; (ii) diurnal cycles of stem shrinkage, stem moisture variation and water-use; and (iii) intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) estimated from foliar δ13C. In W. bangii, we used dendrometers and volumetric water content (VWC) sensors to quantify daily cycles of stem water storage. In 2 years of sap flow (Js) data, we found a threshold response of water use to vapor pressure deficit vapor pressure deficit (VPD) > 1.07 kPa independent of treatment, though control trees used more soil water than the treatment trees. The daily decline in water use in the TFR trees was associated with a strong reduction in both morning and afternoon Js rates at a given VPD. Soil moisture also affected the hysteresis strength between Js and VPD. Reduced hysteresis under moisture stress implies that TMCFs are strongly dependent on shallow soil water. Additionally, we suggest that hysteresis can serve as a sensitive indicator of environmental constraints on plant function. Finally, 6 months into the experiment, the TFR treatment significantly increased iWUE in all study species. Our results highlight the conservative behavior of TMCF tree water use under severe soil drought and elucidate physiological thresholds related to VPD and its interaction with soil moisture. The observed strongly isohydric response likely incurs a cost to the carbon balance of the tree and reduces overall ecosystem carbon uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Brum
- Department of Natural Resources & the Environment, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Rd, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Matthew Vadeboncoeur
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, 8 College Rd, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Heidi Asbjornsen
- Department of Natural Resources & the Environment, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Rd, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, 8 College Rd, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Beisit L Puma Vilca
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de La Cultura 773, Cusco, Cusco Province 08000, Peru
- Asociación Civil Sin Fines De Lucro Para La Biodiversidad, Investigación Y Desarrollo Ambiental En Ecosistemas Tropicales (ABIDA), Urbanización Ucchullo Grande, Avenida Argentina F-9, Cusco, Perú
| | - Darcy Galiano
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Av. de La Cultura 773, Cusco, Cusco Province 08000, Peru
- Asociación Civil Sin Fines De Lucro Para La Biodiversidad, Investigación Y Desarrollo Ambiental En Ecosistemas Tropicales (ABIDA), Urbanización Ucchullo Grande, Avenida Argentina F-9, Cusco, Perú
| | - Aline B Horwath
- Asociación Civil Sin Fines De Lucro Para La Biodiversidad, Investigación Y Desarrollo Ambiental En Ecosistemas Tropicales (ABIDA), Urbanización Ucchullo Grande, Avenida Argentina F-9, Cusco, Perú
| | - Daniel B Metcalfe
- Department of Ecology & Environmental Science, Umeå University, KBC-huset, Linnaeus väg 6, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
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Vargas G. G, Kunert N, Hammond WM, Berry ZC, Werden LK, Smith‐Martin CM, Wolfe BT, Toro L, Mondragón‐Botero A, Pinto‐Ledezma JN, Schwartz NB, Uriarte M, Sack L, Anderson‐Teixeira KJ, Powers JS. Leaf habit affects the distribution of drought sensitivity but not water transport efficiency in the tropics. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2637-2650. [PMID: 36257904 PMCID: PMC9828425 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Considering the global intensification of aridity in tropical biomes due to climate change, we need to understand what shapes the distribution of drought sensitivity in tropical plants. We conducted a pantropical data synthesis representing 1117 species to test whether xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity (KS ), water potential at leaf turgor loss (ΨTLP ) and water potential at 50% loss of KS (ΨP50 ) varied along climate gradients. The ΨTLP and ΨP50 increased with climatic moisture only for evergreen species, but KS did not. Species with high ΨTLP and ΨP50 values were associated with both dry and wet environments. However, drought-deciduous species showed high ΨTLP and ΨP50 values regardless of water availability, whereas evergreen species only in wet environments. All three traits showed a weak phylogenetic signal and a short half-life. These results suggest strong environmental controls on trait variance, which in turn is modulated by leaf habit along climatic moisture gradients in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Vargas G.
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA,School of Biological SciencesThe University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Norbert Kunert
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA,Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama,Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of BotanyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaViennaAustria
| | - William M. Hammond
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Z. Carter Berry
- Department of BiologyWake Forest UniversityWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Leland K. Werden
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Chris M. Smith‐Martin
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Brett T. Wolfe
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA,Smithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Laura Toro
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Jesús N. Pinto‐Ledezma
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Naomi B. Schwartz
- Department of GeographyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA,Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Jennifer S. Powers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
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Han H, Xi B, Wang Y, Feng J, Li X, Tissue DT. Lack of phenotypic plasticity in leaf hydraulics for 10 woody species common to urban forests of North China. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1203-1215. [PMID: 35038332 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The survival and performance of urban forests are increasingly challenged by urban drought, consequently compromising the sustainability and functionality of urban vegetation. Plant-water relations largely determine species drought tolerance, yet little is known about the hydraulics of urban forest species. Here, we report the leaf hydraulic and carbon traits that govern plant growth and drought resistance, including vulnerability to embolism, hydraulic conductivity and leaf gas exchange characteristics, as well as morphological traits that are potentially linked with these physiological attributes, with the aim of guiding species selection and management in urban forests. Plant materials were collected from mature shrubs and trees on our university campus in Beijing, representing 10 woody species common to urban forests in north China. We found that the leaf embolism resistance, represented by the water potential inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50), as well as the hydraulic safety margin (HSM) defined by P50 and the water potential threshold at the inception of embolism (P12), varied remarkably across species, but was unrelated to growth form. Likewise, stem and leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity (Kstem and kl) was also highly species-specific. Leaf P50 was positively correlated with hydraulic conductivity. However, neither P50 nor hydraulic conductivity was correlated with leaf gas exchange traits, including maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax) and stomatal conductance (gs). Plant morphological and physiological traits were not related, except for specific leaf area, which showed a negative relationship with HSM. Traits influencing plant-water transport were primarily correlated with the mean annual precipitation of species climatic niche. Overall, current common woody species in urban forest environments differed widely in their drought resistance and did not have the capacity to modify these characteristics in response to a changing climate. Species morphology provides limited information regarding physiological drought resistance. Thus, screening urban forest species based on plant physiology is essential to sustain the ecological services of urban forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Han
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Benye Xi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, 12 A Rui Wang Fen, Fragrance Hills, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinchao Feng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximeng Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
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Manzi OJL, Bellifa M, Ziegler C, Mihle L, Levionnois S, Burban B, Leroy C, Coste S, Stahl C. Drought stress recovery of hydraulic and photochemical processes in Neotropical tree saplings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:114-129. [PMID: 34302178 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate models predict an increase in the severity and the frequency of droughts. Tropical forests are among the ecosystems that could be highly impacted by these droughts. Here, we explore how hydraulic and photochemical processes respond to drought stress and re-watering. We conducted a pot experiment on saplings of five tree species. Before the onset of drought, we measured a set of hydraulic traits, including minimum leaf conductance, leaf embolism resistance and turgor loss point. During drought stress, we monitored traits linked to leaf hydraulic functioning (leaf water potential (ψmd) and stomatal conductance (gs)) and traits linked to leaf photochemical functioning (maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax)) at different wilting stages. After re-watering, the same traits were measured after 3, 7 and 14 days. Hydraulic trait values decreased faster than photochemical trait values. After re-watering, the values of the four traits recovered at different rates. Fv/Fm recovered very fast close to their initial values only 3 days after re-watering. This was followed by ETRmax, Ψmd and gs. Finally, we show that species with large stomatal and leaf safety margin and low πtlp are not strongly impacted by drought, whereas they have a low recovery on photochemical efficiency. These results demonstrate that πtlp, stomatal and leaf safety margin are a good indicators of plant responses to drought stress and also to recovery for photochemical efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Jean Leonce Manzi
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
- Integrated Polytechnic Regional College-Kitabi, Rwanda Polytechnic, PO Box 330, Huye, Rwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maxime Bellifa
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
| | - Camille Ziegler
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Louis Mihle
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
| | - Sébastien Levionnois
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Burban
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
| | - Céline Leroy
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Sabrina Coste
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
| | - Clément Stahl
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
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