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Mahmoud T, Sahli C, Hadj Fredj S, Amri Y, Othmani R, Mohamed GS, Zein E, Messaoud T. Epidemiological and molecular study of hemoglobinopathies in Mauritanian patients. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e2048. [PMID: 36106931 PMCID: PMC9544207 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Taher Mahmoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Laboratory LR00SP03 Children's Hospital of Tunis Tunis Tunisia
- Medical Analysis Laboratory (MauriLab) Nouakchott Mauritania
- Doctoral School (STVST) of the Faculty of Sciences of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Chaima Sahli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Laboratory LR00SP03 Children's Hospital of Tunis Tunis Tunisia
| | - Sondess Hadj Fredj
- Biochemistry and Molecular Laboratory LR00SP03 Children's Hospital of Tunis Tunis Tunisia
| | - Yessine Amri
- Biochemistry and Molecular Laboratory LR00SP03 Children's Hospital of Tunis Tunis Tunisia
| | - Rim Othmani
- Biochemistry and Molecular Laboratory LR00SP03 Children's Hospital of Tunis Tunis Tunisia
| | | | - Ekhtelbenina Zein
- Pediatric Hemato‐Oncology Department of the National Oncology Center (CNO) Nouakchott Mauritania
| | - Taieb Messaoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Laboratory LR00SP03 Children's Hospital of Tunis Tunis Tunisia
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Ricchi P, Ammirabile M, Spasiano A, Costantini S, Di Matola T, Cinque P, Saporito C, Filosa A, Pagano L. Molecular and clinical analysis of haemoglobin Lepore in Campania, a region of Southern Italy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 22:437-443. [PMID: 28218017 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2017.1289304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date in Italy, there is paucity on data about the prevalence, clinical and haematological features of patients carrying the haemoglobin (Hb) Lepore variant in homozygous or in association with other haemoglobinopathies. METHODS Here we report the results of a retrospective analysis on 33 patients from Campania, a region of Southern Italy, historically followed at 'UOSD Malattie Rare del Globulo Rosso' of Cardarelli hospital, Naples, Italy. RESULTS We described 33 patients carrying the Hb Lepore variant: 21 compound heterozygotes with a common thalassaemia allele, six patients with homozygous state for Hb Lepore, five patients with Hb Lepore/Hb S and one patient with Hb Lepore/Hb Neapolis were identified. All individuals carried haplotype I or V. DISCUSSION These thalassaemic patients showed different phenotypes ranging from severe disease with early blood transfusion dependency to moderate form of thalassaemia intermedia. In most cases, thalassaemia mutation type determined the severity of the disease. CONCLUSION A great variability of clinical phenotype among the same genotypes was also observed suggesting the presence of unknown genetic modifiers acting in combination with Hb Lepore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ricchi
- a UOSD Malattie rare del globulo rosso, AORN A. Cardarelli , Naples , Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ammirabile
- a UOSD Malattie rare del globulo rosso, AORN A. Cardarelli , Naples , Italy.,c Laboratory of clinical chemistry and microbiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Grande Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Anna Spasiano
- a UOSD Malattie rare del globulo rosso, AORN A. Cardarelli , Naples , Italy
| | - Silvia Costantini
- a UOSD Malattie rare del globulo rosso, AORN A. Cardarelli , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Cinque
- a UOSD Malattie rare del globulo rosso, AORN A. Cardarelli , Naples , Italy
| | - Caterina Saporito
- a UOSD Malattie rare del globulo rosso, AORN A. Cardarelli , Naples , Italy
| | - Aldo Filosa
- a UOSD Malattie rare del globulo rosso, AORN A. Cardarelli , Naples , Italy
| | - Leonilde Pagano
- a UOSD Malattie rare del globulo rosso, AORN A. Cardarelli , Naples , Italy
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Hockham C, Piel FB, Gupta S, Penman BS. Understanding the contrasting spatial haplotype patterns of malaria-protective β-globin polymorphisms. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2015; 36:174-183. [PMID: 26394108 PMCID: PMC4653953 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The malaria-protective β-globin polymorphisms, sickle-cell (β(S)) and β(0)-thalassaemia, are canonical examples of human adaptation to infectious disease. Occurring on distinct genetic backgrounds, they vary markedly in their patterns of linked genetic variation at the population level, suggesting different evolutionary histories. β(S) is associated with five classical restriction fragment length polymorphism haplotypes that exhibit remarkable specificity in their geographical distributions; by contrast, β(0)-thalassaemia mutations are found on haplotypes whose distributions overlap considerably. Here, we explore why these two polymorphisms display contrasting spatial haplotypic distributions, despite having malaria as a common selective pressure. We present a meta-population genetic model, incorporating individual-based processes, which tracks the evolution of β-globin polymorphisms on different haplotypic backgrounds. Our simulations reveal that, depending on the rate of mutation, a large population size and/or high population growth rate are required for both the β(S)- and the β(0)-thalassaemia-like patterns. However, whilst the β(S)-like pattern is more likely when population subdivision is high, migration low and long-distance migration absent, the opposite is true for β(0)-thalassaemia. Including gene conversion has little effect on the overall probability of each pattern; however, when inter-haplotype fitness variation exists, gene conversion is more likely to have contributed to the diversity of haplotypes actually present in the population. Our findings highlight how the contrasting spatial haplotype patterns exhibited by β(S) and β(0)-thalassaemia may provide important indications as to the evolution of these adaptive alleles and the demographic history of the populations in which they have evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunetra Gupta
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Bravo-Urquiola M, Arends A, Gómez G, Montilla S, Gerard N, Chacin M, Berbar T, García O, García G, Velasquez D, Castillo O, Krishnamoorthy R. Molecular Spectrum of β-Thalassemia Mutations in the admixed Venezuelan population, and their linkage to β-Globin Gene Haplotypes. Hemoglobin 2012; 36:209-18. [DOI: 10.3109/03630269.2012.674997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lemsaddek W, Picanço I, Seuanes F, Nogueira P, Mahmal L, Benchekroun S, Khattab M, Osório-Almeida L. The β‐Thalassemia Mutation/Haplotype Distribution in the Moroccan Population. Hemoglobin 2009; 28:25-37. [PMID: 15008262 DOI: 10.1081/hem-120028884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study compiles the results of our own research and of a prior study on beta-thalassemia (thal) in Morocco, comprising a total of 187 beta-thalassemic chromosomes. Six major mutations: (beta0) codon 39 (C --> T), (beta+) IVS-I-6 (T --> C), (beta0) frameshift codon (FSC) 6 (-A), (beta0) FSC 8 (-AA), (beta0) IVS-I-1 (G --> A) and (beta+) -29 (A --> G) account for 75.7% of the independent chromosomes studied. A regional predominance was observed (Gharb and West regions) for the (beta+) IVS-I-6 (T --> C) mutation. Despite an observed heterogeneity of molecular anomalies, a direct method of diagnosis of the prevalent mutations is feasible in this population. The distributions of mutations and haplotypes are in conformity with the geographical location of Morocco and the historical links with both the Mediterranean communities that have successively interspersed with the Berbers, the Phoenicians, the Carthaginians, the Romans, the Arabs, the population of the Iberian Peninsula and, to a lesser degree, the Vandals and the Byzantines and permanently, with the Sub-Saharan Africans. In the adult population, the levels of fetal hemoglobin (Hb) in heterozygotes vary from trace quantities to 2.38 g/dL of total Hb. With the exception of the (beta0) codon 39 (C --> T) nonsense mutation, no statistically significant correlation was found, neither between mutation and Hb F levels, nor gender and Hb F levels in heterozygotes. The genetic markers for Hb F increase, located within cis active sites such as the XmnI site at -158 bp of the Ggamma-globin gene and the AT(X)T(Y) repeat region at -540 bp of the beta-globin gene, were assessed. The polymorphism XmnI shows linkage disequilibrium with haplotypes III, IV and IX, as previously observed in the Algerian, Sicilian and Portuguese beta-thal populations. Contrary to what has previously been reported for a population of beta-thal carriers of European descent, this sample does not show a statistically significant correlation between Hb F levels and the presence of the genetic markers XmnI restriction site at -158 bp of the Ggamma-globin gene and AT(X)T(Y) alleles at 5' of the beta-globin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaâ Lemsaddek
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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Hoyer JD, Baxter JK, Moran AM, Kubic KS, Ehmann WC. Two Unstable β Chain Variants Associated with β-Thalassemia: Hb Miami [β116(G18)His→Pro], and Hb Hershey [β70(E14)Ala→Gly], and a Second Unstable Hb Variant at β70: Hb Abington [β70(E14)Ala→Pro]. Hemoglobin 2009; 29:241-8. [PMID: 16370483 DOI: 10.1080/03630260500307626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report on three previously undescribed unstable hemoglobin (Hb) variants: Hb Miami, Hb Hershey and Hb Abington. Hb Miami was associated with a beta(+)-thalassemia (thal) mutation [IVS-I-110 (G-->A)], whereas Hb Hershey was associated with a B0-thal mutation [IVS-I-1 (G-->A)]. Hb Hershey also has decreased oxygen affinity. These three Hb variants illustrate the range of clinical severity that can be seen with unstable Hb variants, particularly when combined with a thalassemic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Hoyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 1020 Hilton Building, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Identification of β thalassemia mutations in South Brazilians. Ann Hematol 2007; 87:381-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-007-0418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Viprakasit V, Chinchang W. Two independent origins of Hb Dhonburi (Neapolis) [β 126 (H4) Val→Gly]: An electrophoretically silent hemoglobin variant. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 376:179-83. [PMID: 17007829 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A beta-hemoglobin variant (beta 126 (H4) Val-->Gly) was reported from Thailand and Naples (Southern Italy) as Hb Dhonburi (1) and Hb Neapolis (2), respectively. This abnormal hemoglobin, resulting from a valine to glycine substitution in the contact region between alpha and beta subunits, gives rise to instability at non-physiological conditions. However, it was difficult to distinguish this variant from Hb A using hemoglobin electrophoresis and cation exchange liquid chromatography. Hb Dhonburi was rarely reported, possibly due to a relatively milder phenotype in heterozygote with slightly decreased MCV. Thus several Hb Dhonburi carriers might have been under-diagnosed. METHODS Combined molecular analyses by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and direct genomic sequencing of the beta globin genes were carried out in 2 pediatric patients with mild thalassemia intermedia. A novel amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) was developed and performed in five individuals with microcytosis and borderline Hb A(2). RESULTS Both patients were compound heterozygotes for Hb E and Hb Dhonburi. In addition, 5 Hb Dhonburi heterozygotes, including 3 identified through thalassemia carrier screening, were identified by ARMS-PCR. Linkage analysis of the affected families revealed that the haplotype of Hb Dhonburi in Thailand (VII) was different from that of Hb Neapolis (V) suggesting 2 independent mutational events. CONCLUSIONS The molecular strategy described provides a robust and economical measure, alternative to the whole beta globin genes sequencing, to identify rare or unknown beta globin mutations. To overcome its 'silent' nature on electrophoresis, we proposed a novel ARMS-PCR for a rapid diagnosis of Hb Dhonburi in future cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vip Viprakasit
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Thalassemia Research Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Efremov GD. Forty-four years (1955-1999) devoted to hemoglobin research: Titus H. J. Huisman (1923-1999). Hemoglobin 2001; 25:125-68. [PMID: 11480778 DOI: 10.1081/hem-100104025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G D Efremov
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
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Barone R, Bertrand G, Simporè J, Malaguarnera M, Musumeci S. Plasma chitotriosidase activity in beta-thalassemia major: a comparative study between Sicilian and Sardinian patients. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 306:91-6. [PMID: 11282098 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitotriosidase is a functional chitinase secreted by activated macrophages, which is extremely increased in plasma of patients with Gaucher disease (beta-glucocerebrosidase deficiency). Recently, we found that chitotriosidase plasma levels were increased to a variable extent in Sicilian patients with beta-thalassemia major. The aim of this study is to elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying chitotriosidase overproduction in beta-thalassemia major. METHODS Plasma chitotriosidase was measured in 134 patients with beta-thalassemia major (64 from Sardinia and 70 from Sicily), which are treated chronically by blood transfusions leading to systemic iron overload. They all have peripheral anemia and enormous enlargement of the reticulo-endothelial system. RESULTS Plasma chitotriosidase activity was found most frequently elevated among Sardinian (48.4%) than Sicilian (17.1%) patients. In either group, the highest levels of plasma chitotriosidase were observed in patients with the highest degree of iron overload, suggesting that this factor could trigger chitotriosidase overproduction. CONCLUSIONS The higher rate of subjects with increased plasma chitotriosidase values among Sardinian than Sicilian could be related to distinct molecular basis of beta-thalassemia and environmental features.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barone
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Italy
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Schilirò G, Mirabile E, Testa R, Russo-Mancuso G, Dibenedetto SP. Presence of hemoglobinopathies in Sicily: a historic perspective. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1997; 69:200-6. [PMID: 9056562 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19970317)69:2<200::aid-ajmg17>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sicily, at the center of the Mediterranean, has been the meeting place of Eastern and Western civilizations, and in the Sicilian population the presence of many different alterations in the globin gene clusters can surely be considered testimony of past colonizations. From 1975 to 1994, 100,000 Sicilian subjects were screened by us to monitor the presence of hemoglobin (Hb) structural variants. In this paper we present the data gathered, emphasizing the high incidence (2.5%) of carriers of at least one abnormal Hb, and the great heterogeneity of globin molecular defects on the island. Twenty-six different mutations were identified: the most common occur in the beta-globin gene (beta(S), beta(C), deltabeta(Lepore), beta(G-San José), beta(O-Arab), but also quite frequent is the mutated allele alpha(J-Oxford). The chromosome haplotypes associated with some of them were characterized. Two uncommon Hbs, Copenhagen and D Punjab, and some 18 rare variants complete the wide spectrum of structural alterations of globin genes in Sicily. We think they are de novo mutations prevalently. It is not possible to exclude that the presence of a few of them is related to migratory phenomena, particularly from North Africa and East Asia. Numerous thalassemic alleles complete the picture of globin gene mutations in Silicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schilirò
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Catania, Italy
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Mirabile E, Testa R, Samperi P, Consalvo C, Romano V, Schilirò G. A mild form of Hb S-beta-thalassemia syndrome is assured in Sicilian patients by beta+mutant IVS-I nt 6(T-->C). Eur J Haematol Suppl 1997; 58:67-9. [PMID: 9020376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1997.tb01412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Abstract
The use of mixture distributions in genetics research dates back to at least the late 1800s when Karl Pearson applied them in an analysis of crab morphometry. Pearson's use of normal mixture distributions to model the mixing of different species of crab (or 'families' of crab as he referred to them) within a defined geographic area motivated further use of mixture distributions in genetics research settings, and ultimately led to their development and recognition as intuitive modelling devices for the effects of underlying genes on quantitative phenotypic (i.e. trait) expression. In addition, mixture distributions are now used routinely to model or accommodate the genetic heterogeneity thought to underlie many human diseases. Specific applications of mixture distribution models in contemporary human genetics research are, in fact, too numerous to count. Despite this long, consistent and arguably illustrious history of use, little mention of mixture distributions in genetics research is made in many recent reviews on mixture models. This review attempts to rectify this by providing insight into the role that mixture distributions play in contemporary human genetics research. Tables providing examples from the literature that describe applications of mixture models in human genetics research are offered as a way of acquainting the interested reader with relevant studies. In addition, some of the more problematic aspects of the use of mixture models in genetics research are outlined and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Schork
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44109-1998, USA
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Mirabile E, Testa R, Consalvo C, Dickerhoff R, Schilirò G. Association of Hb S/Hb lepore and delta beta-thalassemia/Hb lepore in Sicilian patients: review of the presence of Hb lepore in Sicily. Eur J Haematol 1995; 55:126-30. [PMID: 7543057 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1995.tb01822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The hemoglobin (Hb) lepore-Boston is a beta-globin structural variant, produced in a reduced amount and formed from the fusion of N-terminus delta-(residues 1-87) and C-terminus beta-chains (residues 116-146). This type of fusion protein is quite common in Southern Italy (Campania, Calabria, and Sicily). We report here the hematological and hemoglobin data on 96 unrelated Sicilians with Hb lepore trait. Particularly interesting are the subjects where Hb lepore occurs with Hb S or Sicilian type delta beta-thalassemia. In these individuals, striking features are clinical variability and different hematological pictures. These observations underscore the importance of thalassemia screening in these geographic areas, such as Southern Italy, principally Sicily, where the mutations in globin gene clusters are especially prevalent. Moreover, as from the second half of the last century, owing to high migratory flux from Sicily to Northern Europe, North and South America, and Australia, the Hb lepore, as well as other hemoglobin variants, have become prevalent, making the identification of the heterozygotes a problem of general interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mirabile
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Catania, Italy
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