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Lázaro-Figueroa A, Reyes-Pérez P, Morelos-Figaredo E, Guerra-Galicia CM, Estrada-Bellmann I, Salinas-Barboza K, Matuk-Pérez Y, Gandarilla-Martínez NA, Caballero-Sánchez U, Flores-Ocampo V, Montés-Alcántara P, Espinosa-Méndez IM, Moral AZD, Gaspar-Martínez E, Vazquez-Guevara D, Rodríguez-Violante M, Inca-Martinez M, Mata IF, Alcauter S, Rentería ME, Medina-Rivera A, Ruiz-Contreras AE. MEX-PD: A National Network for the Epidemiological & Genetic Research of Parkinson's Disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.28.23294700. [PMID: 37693616 PMCID: PMC10491355 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.23294700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Parkinson's Disease (PD) has a complex etiology, involving genetic and environmental factors. Most of our current understanding of the disease comes from studies in populations with mostly European ancestry, representing challenges in generalizing findings to other populations with different genetic, social, and environmental contexts. There are scarce studies focused in Latin American populations. The Mexican population is genetically diverse because its admixture from Native American, European, and African ancestries, coupled with the unique environmental conditions, stressing the relevance of establishing genetic studies in this population. Thus, we have established the Mexican Parkinson's Research Network (MEX-PD), a consortium to research the clinical, genetical, environmental, and neurophysiological bases of the phenotypic diversity in Mexican PD patients. Objectives Describing how MEX-PD was established, the methods and instruments and presenting the first results. Methods Patients and controls were recruited from medical centers in 20 states of Mexico. Initial recruitment included neurological evaluation, cognitive assessment, and DNA collection. Results MEX-PD has registered 302 controls and 262 PD patients with a mean age of diagnosis of 61 years (SD=10.86). There were 19.8% PD patients identified with early onset. Levodopa was the most common pharmacological treatment. Conclusions MEX-PD contributes to understand PD nationally. The information gathered here will allow us to understand the prevalence of mental health, neurological symptoms, and cognitive function in the PD Mexican population and how genetical and environmental factors contributes to those outcomes. These will advocate for personalized treatments and improving quality of life in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Lázaro-Figueroa
- Lab. Neurogenómica Cognitiva, Unidad de Investigación en Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Paula Reyes-Pérez
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | | | | | - Ingrid Estrada-Bellmann
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital “Dr. José E. González”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey. Mexico
| | | | - Yamil Matuk-Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Unidad de Neurociencias, Hospital Ángeles Centro Sur
| | | | - Ulises Caballero-Sánchez
- Lab. Neurogenómica Cognitiva, Unidad de Investigación en Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Victor Flores-Ocampo
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Pablo Montés-Alcántara
- Lab. Neurogenómica Cognitiva, Unidad de Investigación en Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - Edith Gaspar-Martínez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | | | - Mayela Rodríguez-Violante
- Laboratorio Clínico de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Ignacio F. Mata
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sarael Alcauter
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Miguel E. Rentería
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Mental Health & Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alejandra Medina-Rivera
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Alejandra E. Ruiz-Contreras
- Lab. Neurogenómica Cognitiva, Unidad de Investigación en Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Coord. Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Fac. Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
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Barquera R, Bravo-Acevedo A, Clayton S, Munguía TJR, Hernández-Zaragoza DI, Adalid-Sáinz C, Arrieta-Bolaños E, Aquino-Rubio G, González-Martínez MDR, Lona-Sánchez A, Martínez-Álvarez JC, Arrazola-García MA, Delgado-Aguirre H, González-Medina L, Pacheco-Ubaldo H, Juárez-Barreto V, Benítez-Arvizu G, Escareño-Montiel N, Juárez-de la Cruz F, Jaramillo-Rodríguez Y, Salgado-Adame A, Zúñiga J, Yunis EJ, Bekker-Méndez C, Granados J. Genetic diversity of HLA system in two populations from Nuevo León, Mexico: Monterrey and rural Nuevo León. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:516-518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hughes CE, Dudzik B, Algee‐Hewitt BF, Jones A, Anderson BE. Understanding (Mis)classification Trends of Latin Americans in Fordisc 3.1: Incorporating Cranial Morphology, Microgeographic Origin, and Admixture Proportions for Interpretation. J Forensic Sci 2018; 64:353-366. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cris E. Hughes
- Anthropology Department University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign 607 S. Matthews Ave. Urbana IL 61801
- Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign 1206 W Gregory Dr Urbana IL 61801
| | - Beatrix Dudzik
- Anatomy Department Lincoln Memorial University 6965 Cumberland Gap Parkway Harrogate TN 37752
| | - Bridget F.B. Algee‐Hewitt
- Center for Comparative Studies in Race & Ethnicity Stanford University 450 Serra Mall, Building 360, Main Quad Stanford CA 94305
| | - Ansley Jones
- Anthropology Department University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign 607 S. Matthews Ave. Urbana IL 61801
| | - Bruce E. Anderson
- Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner 2825 E District St Tucson AZ 85714
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Algee-Hewitt BFB. Geographic substructure in craniometric estimates of admixture for contemporary American populations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hughes CE, Algee-Hewitt BFB, Reineke R, Clausing E, Anderson BE. Temporal Patterns of Mexican Migrant Genetic Ancestry: Implications for Identification. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/aman.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cris E. Hughes
- Department of Anthropology and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801
| | | | - Robin Reineke
- Department of Anthropology and Colibrí Center for Human Rights; University of Arizona; Tucson AZ 85721
| | - Elizabeth Clausing
- Department of Anthropology; University of California, San Diego; San Diego CA 92093
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Mendoza-Carrera F, Castro-Martínez XH, Leal C, Portilla-de Buen E, Sánchez-Corona J, Flores-Martínez SE, García-Zapién A, Ramírez-López G, Gómez-Espinel I, Báez-Duarte BG, Zamora-Ginez I, Velarde-Félix JS, Guillermo Sánchez-Zazueta J. Analysis of cytokine gene polymorphisms in Mestizo and native populations from Mexico. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mendoza-Carrera
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS); Guadalajara Jal. México
| | - Xochitl Helga Castro-Martínez
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS); Guadalajara Jal. México
| | - Caridad Leal
- Surgical Research Division; CIBO-IMSS; Guadalajara Jal. México
| | | | - José Sánchez-Corona
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS); Guadalajara Jal. México
| | - Silvia Esperanza Flores-Martínez
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS); Guadalajara Jal. México
| | - Alejandra García-Zapién
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS); Guadalajara Jal. México
| | - Guadalupe Ramírez-López
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud del Adolescente, IMSS; Tonalá Jal. México
| | - Irene Gómez-Espinel
- Departamento de Patología Clínica; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Monterrey N.L México
| | | | - Irma Zamora-Ginez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla Pue México
| | - Jesús Salvador Velarde-Félix
- Cuerpo Académico Inmunogenética y Evolución UAS-CA-265, Unidad Académica Escuela de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Culiacán Sin México
| | - Jorge Guillermo Sánchez-Zazueta
- Cuerpo Académico Inmunogenética y Evolución UAS-CA-265, Unidad Académica Escuela de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa; Culiacán Sin México
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Valdez-Velazquez LL, Quintero-Ramos A, Perez SA, Mendoza-Carrera F, Montoya-Fuentes H, Rivas F, Olivares N, Celis A, Vazquez OF, Rivas F. Genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system in preterm delivery and premature rupture of membranes. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 8:160-8. [DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2007.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Premature rupture of membranes (PRM) is a late pregnancy complication commonly associated with preterm delivery (PD).Although several markers related to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have been evaluated in certain pregnancy complications, only the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D variant has been studied in PD-PRM.The aim of this survey was to investigate the association of the polymorphisms (angiotensin II type 1 [AT1] receptor T174M and M235T, renin G2805A,ACE I/D and AT1-receptor A1166C) of the genes of RAS in women with PD-PRM. Design. Deoxyribonucleic acid samples from 89 Mexican Mestizo women with PD and PRM and 224—288 controls were studied. Polymorphisms were analysed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer assays. restricted fragment length polymorphism or sequence specific prim assays. Results. For all loci , genotype distribution was in agreement with Hardy—Weinberg expectations in the control group. Significant intergroup difference (case vs. control) was seen for angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T polymorphism, with an increased allele M235 in affected cases (50% vs. 40% in controls).Analysis of two- locus haplotype agrees with an independent segregation of physically unlinked genes. Haplotype AGT 174T-235M was also increased (50 % vs. 40% in controls). Conclusions. Physically unlinked genes involved in RAS segregate independently. The AGT 174—235 region is associated with PD-PRM in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Valdez-Velazquez
- Universidad de Colima, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Kilometro 9 carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Colima, México. 28400, lauravaldez @ucol.mx, Universidad de Guadalajara Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Estudios de Posgrado en Genética Humana Sierra Mojada No. 950 Col. Independencia (puerta 7). Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 44340
| | - Antonio Quintero-Ramos
- Universidad de Guadalajara Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Estudios de Posgrado en Genética Humana Sierra Mojada No. 950 Col. Independencia (puerta 7). Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 44340
| | - Sandra A Perez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Hospital General Regional No. 46 Lazaro Cardenas 2063 Col. Morelos Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 44910
| | - Francisco Mendoza-Carrera
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente Sierra Mojada 800 Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 44340
| | - Hector Montoya-Fuentes
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente Sierra Mojada 800 Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 44340
| | - Fernando Rivas
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente Sierra Mojada 800 Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 44340
| | - Norma Olivares
- Secretaría de Salud Jalisco Hospital General de Occidente Av. Zoquipan 1050 Col. Seattle Zapopan, Jalisco, México. 45130
| | - Alfredo Celis
- Universidad de Guadalajara Departamento de Salud publica Sierra Morena No. 950 Edificio N Col. Independencia Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 44340
| | - Oscar F Vazquez
- Universidad de Colima Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Kilometro 9 carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Colima, México. 28400
| | - Fernando Rivas
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente Sierra Mojada 800 Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 44340
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Perez-Paramo YX, Hernandez-Cabrera F, Dorado P, Llerena A, Muñoz-Jimenez S, Ortiz-Lopez R, Rojas-Martinez A. Interethnic relationships of CYP2D6 variants in native and Mestizo populations sharing the same ecosystem. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:703-12. [PMID: 25941923 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze the distribution of CYP2D6 variants in two ethnically-related Mexican Native and Mestizo populations cohabitating the same econiche and their relationships with a distant Mestizo community. MATERIALS & METHODS 314 volunteers were genotyped for CYP2D6 gene variants (*2, *3, *4, *6, *10, *13, *17, *35 and *41) using predesigned TaqMan probes. CYP2D6*5 and CYP2D6 wtxN were assessed by XL-PCR. RESULTS CYP2D6*1, *2, *4 and *10 variants represented above 80.9% of total alleles. Chiapanecan communities showed low allele diversity compared with the northeastern population. Principal component analyses demonstrated clustering of both Mestizo populations. Variants associated to ultrarapid and poor metabolism were rare in Natives. CONCLUSION Sharing of CYP2D6 alleles in both Chiapanecan populations suggests an ongoing gene-flow. Original submitted 8 December 2014; Revision submitted 13 February 2015.
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SOLÉ-LLUSSÀ A, GOROSTIZA A, RUBÍ-CASTELLANOS R, ACUNHA-ALONZO V, GENÉ M, RANGEL-VILLALOBOS H, GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍN A. Exploring the African genetic influence in the first settlement founded by African slaves in America. ANTHROPOL SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.150422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. SOLÉ-LLUSSÀ
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid
| | - A. GOROSTIZA
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid
- Laboratorio de Identificación Genética GENOMICA SAU, Grupo Zeltia, Madrid
| | - R. RUBÍ-CASTELLANOS
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida
| | - V. ACUNHA-ALONZO
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México
| | - M. GENÉ
- Departamento de Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - H. RANGEL-VILLALOBOS
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénaga, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán
| | - A. GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍN
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid
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Garza-Gómez J, Cerda-Flores RM, Gómez-Flores M, Salas-Alanís JC, Ocampo-Candiani J, Martínez-Garza LE, South AP, Gallardo-Blanco HL. An investigation into theMMP1gene promoter region polymorphism - 1607 2G with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa disease severity in northeastern Mexican patients. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53:985-90. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Garza-Gómez
- Department of Dermatology; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Hospital Universitario “Jose E. González”; Monterrey Mexico
| | | | - Minerva Gómez-Flores
- Department of Dermatology; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Hospital Universitario “Jose E. González”; Monterrey Mexico
| | - Julio C. Salas-Alanís
- Department of Dermatology; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Hospital Universitario “Jose E. González”; Monterrey Mexico
| | - Jorge Ocampo-Candiani
- Department of Dermatology; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Hospital Universitario “Jose E. González”; Monterrey Mexico
| | - Laura E. Martínez-Garza
- Department of Genetics; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Hospital Universitario “José E. González”; Monterrey Mexico
| | - Andrew P. South
- Division of Cancer Research; Medical Research Institute; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School; University of Dundee; Dundee UK
| | - Hugo L. Gallardo-Blanco
- Department of Genetics; Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; Hospital Universitario “José E. González”; Monterrey Mexico
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Alcazar-González GA, Calderón-Garcidueñas AL, Garza-Rodríguez ML, Rubio-Hernández G, Escorza-Treviño S, Olano-Martin E, Cerda-Flores RM, Castruita-Avila AL, González-Guerrero JF, le Brun S, Simon-Buela L, Barrera-Saldaña HA. Comparative study of polymorphism frequencies of the CYP2D6, CYP3A5, CYP2C8 and IL-10 genes in Mexican and Spanish women with breast cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 14:1583-92. [PMID: 24088129 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Pharmacogenetic studies in breast cancer (BC) may predict the efficacy of tamoxifen and the toxicity of paclitaxel and capecitabine. We determined the frequency of polymorphisms in the CYP2D6 gene associated with activation of tamoxifen, and those of the genes CYP2C8, CYP3A5 and DPYD associated with toxicity of paclitaxel and capecitabine. We also included a IL-10 gene polymorphism associated with advanced tumor stage at diagnosis. PATIENTS & METHODS Genomic DNAs from 241 BC patients from northeast Mexico were genotyped using DNA microarray technology. RESULTS For tamoxifen processing, CYP2D6 genotyping predicted that 90.8% of patients were normal metabolizers, 4.2% ultrarapid, 2.1% intermediate and 2.9% poor metabolizers. For paclitaxel and the CYP2C8 gene, 75.3% were normal, 23.4% intermediate and 1.3% poor metabolizers. Regarding the DPYD gene, only one patient was a poor metabolizer. For the IL-10 gene, 47.1% were poor metabolizers. CONCLUSION These results contribute valuable information towards personalizing BC chemotherapy in Mexican women.
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The effects of socioeconomic status, clinical factors, and genetic ancestry on pulmonary tuberculosis disease in northeastern Mexico. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94303. [PMID: 24728409 PMCID: PMC3984129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse socioeconomic and clinical factors influence susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) disease in Mexico. The role of genetic factors, particularly those that differ between the parental groups that admixed in Mexico, is unclear. The objectives of this study are to identify the socioeconomic and clinical predictors of the transition from latent TB infection (LTBI) to pulmonary TB disease in an urban population in northeastern Mexico, and to examine whether genetic ancestry plays an independent role in this transition. We recruited 97 pulmonary TB disease patients and 97 LTBI individuals from a public hospital in Monterrey, Nuevo León. Socioeconomic and clinical variables were collected from interviews and medical records, and genetic ancestry was estimated for a subset of 142 study participants from 291,917 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We examined crude associations between the variables and TB disease status. Significant predictors from crude association tests were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. We also compared genetic ancestry between LTBI individuals and TB disease patients at 1,314 SNPs in 273 genes from the TB biosystem in the NCBI BioSystems database. In crude association tests, 12 socioeconomic and clinical variables were associated with TB disease. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that marital status, diabetes, and smoking were independently associated with TB status. Genetic ancestry was not associated with TB disease in either crude or multivariable analyses. Separate analyses showed that LTBI individuals recruited from hospital staff had significantly higher European genetic ancestry than LTBI individuals recruited from the clinics and waiting rooms. Genetic ancestry differed between individuals with LTBI and TB disease at SNPs located in two genes in the TB biosystem. These results indicate that Monterrey may be structured with respect to genetic ancestry, and that genetic differences in TB susceptibility in parental populations may contribute to variation in disease susceptibility in the region.
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Castro-Martínez XH, Leal-Cortés C, Flores-Martínez SE, García-Zapién AG, Sánchez-Corona J, Portilla-de Buen E, Gómez-Espinel I, Zamora-Ginez I, Pérez-Fuentes R, Islas-Andrade S, Revilla-Monsalve C, Guerrero-Romero F, Rodríguez-Morán M, Mendoza-Carrera F. Tumor necrosis factor haplotype diversity in Mestizo and native populations of Mexico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 83:247-59. [PMID: 24517517 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The so-called tumor necrosis factor (TNF) block includes the TNFA, lymphotoxin alpha and beta (LTA and LTB) genes with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and microsatellites with an allele frequency that exhibits interpopulation variability. To date, no reports have included both SNPs and microsatellites at the TNF block to study Mestizo or Amerindian populations from Mexico. In this study, samples of five Mexican Mestizo populations (Durango, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, and Tierra Blanca) and four native-Mexican populations (North Lacandonians, South Lacandonians, Tepehuanos, and Yaquis) were genotyped for two SNPs (LTA+252A>G and TNFA-308G>A) and four microsatellites (TNFa, d, e, and f), to analyze the genetic substructure of the Mexican population. Allele and haplotype frequencies, linkage disequilibrium (LD), and interpopulation genetic relationships were calculated. There was significant LD along almost all of the TNF block but the lowest D' values were observed for the TNFf-TNFd pair. Mestizos showed higher allele and haplotype diversity than did natives. The genetic differentiation level was reduced among Mestizos; however, a slightly, but significant genetic substructure was observed between northern and southern Mexican Mestizos. Among the Amerindian populations, the genetic differentiation level was significantly elevated, particularly in both North and South Lacandonians. Furthermore, among Southern Lacandonians, inhabitants of Lacanja town were the most differentiated from all the Mexicans analyzed. The data presented here will serve as a reference for further population and epidemiological studies including these TNF polymorphisms in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Castro-Martínez
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Mexico; Doctorate Program in Human Genetics, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Hughes CE, Tise ML, Trammell LH, Anderson BE. Cranial morphological variation among contemporary Mexicans: Regional trends, ancestral affinities, and genetic comparisons. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 151:506-17. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cris E. Hughes
- Department of Anthropology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana; IL; 61801
| | - Meredith L. Tise
- Department of Anthropology; University of South Florida; Tampa; FL; 33620
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Lopez-Beltran C, Deister VG. [Scientific approaches to the Mexican mestizo]. HISTORIA, CIENCIAS, SAUDE--MANGUINHOS 2013; 20:391-410. [PMID: 23903910 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-597020130002000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The colonial category of mestizo was an ideological tool that shaped national identity in the post-revolutionary period in Mexico. The Indian-mestizo axis functioned to organize the ethnic and political interactions of the state. Doctors and anthropologists reinforced this dual taxonomy in studies of human populations, using biomedical markers to produce differentiated descriptions of the Indian and the mestizo. Genomic descriptions have contributed both to the construction of the scientistic notion of the mestizo based on the percentage of Indian, European and African ancestry, and also to the rise of two technoscientific objects that we call the molecular mestizo and the bioinformatic mestizo. Here we describe the interactions between the ideological and scientific incarnations of the mestizo.
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Cerda-Flores RM, Rivera-Prieto RA, Pereyra-Alférez B, Calderón-Garcidueñas AL, Barrera-Saldaña HA, Gallardo-Blanco HL, Ortiz-López R, Flores-Peña Y, Cárdenas-Villarreal VM, Rivas F, Figueroa A, Kshatriya G. Genetic structure of Mexican Mestizos with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on three STR loci. Gene 2013; 525:41-6. [PMID: 23664978 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this population genetics study were: 1) to ascertain whether Mexicans with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were genetically homogeneous and 2) to compare the genetic structure of this selected population with the previously reported data of four random populations (Nuevo León, Hispanics, Chihuahua, and Central Region of Mexico). METHODS A sample of 103 unrelated individuals with DM and whose 4 grandparents were born in five zones of Mexico was interviewed in 32 Medical Units in the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). The non-coding STRs D16S539, D7S820, and D13S317 were analyzed. RESULTS Genotype distribution was in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg expectations for all three markers. Allele frequencies were found to be similar between the selected population and the four random populations. Gene diversity analysis suggested that more than 99.57% of the total gene diversity could be attributed to variation between individuals within the population and 0.43% between the populations. CONCLUSIONS According to the present and previous studies using molecular and non-molecular nuclear DNA markers not associated with any disease, the Mexican Mestizo population is found to be genetically homogeneous and therefore the genetic causes of DM are less heterogeneous, thereby simplifying genetic epidemiological studies as has been found in a previous study with the same design in Mexican women with breast cancer.
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Castelán-Martínez OD, Hoyo-Vadillo C, Sandoval-García E, Sandoval-Ramírez L, González-Ibarra M, Solano-Solano G, Gómez-Díaz RA, Parra EJ, Cruz M, Valladares-Salgado A. Allele frequency distribution of CYP2C9 2 and CYP2C9 3 polymorphisms in six Mexican populations. Gene 2013; 523:167-72. [PMID: 23587916 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Allele frequency differences of functional CYP2C9 polymorphisms are responsible for some of the variation in drug response observed in human populations. The most relevant CYP2C9 functional variants are CYP2C9*2 (rs1799853) and CYP2C9 3 (rs1057910). These polymorphisms show variation in allele frequencies among different population groups. The present study aimed to analyze these polymorphisms in 947 Mexican-Mestizo from Mexico City and 483 individuals from five indigenous Mexican populations: Nahua, Teenek, Tarahumara, Purepecha and Huichol. The CYP2C9*2 allele frequencies in the Mestizo, Nahua and Teenek populations were 0.051, 0.007 and 0.005, respectively. As for CYP2C9 3, the allelic frequencies in the Mestizo, Nahua and Teenek populations were 0.04, 0.005 and 0.005, respectively. The CYP2C9 2 and CYP2C9 3 alleles were not observed in the Tarahumara, Purepecha and Huichol populations. These findings are in agreement with previous studies reporting very low allele frequencies for these polymorphisms in American Indigenous populations.
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Sosa-Macías M, Elizondo G, Flores-Pérez C, Flores-Pérez J, Bradley-Alvarez F, Alanis-Bañuelos RE, Lares-Asseff I. CYP2D6Genotype and Phenotype in Amerindians of Tepehuano Origin and Mestizos of Durango, Mexico. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 46:527-36. [PMID: 16638736 DOI: 10.1177/0091270006287586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP2D6 has been studied extensively in subjects of differing ethnicities, limited CYP2D6 pharmacogenetic data are available for the Amerindian population and Mestizos of Mexico. Dextromethorphan hydroxylation phenotype was studied in Tepehuano Amerindian (n = 58) and Mestizo (n = 88) subjects, and 195 individuals (85 Tepehuano Amerindians and 110 Mestizos) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods to identify the frequencies of the CYP2D6*3, *4, *6, and *10 alleles. Tepehuano Amerindian subjects lacked the poor metabolizer (PM) phenotype, whereas in Mestizos the PM phenotype frequency was 6.8%. The CYP2D6*3, *6, and *10 alleles were not found in Tepehuano Amerindians. The CYP2D6*4 allele had a low frequency (0.006) in this Amerindian group. In the Mestizo group, the CYP2D6*3, *4, and *10 alleles had frequencies of 0.009, 0.131, and 0.023, respectively. The CYP2D6*6 allele was not found in Mestizos. The genotype-phenotype association was strongly statistically significant (r(2) = .45; P = .005) in Mestizos. The Tepehuano population was found to have a low phenotypic and genotypic CYP2D6 diversity and differed from other Amerindian groups. On the other hand, the frequencies of the CYP2D6 variant alleles in Mestizos were similar to those reported for whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sosa-Macías
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional del IPN Unidad Durango, CIIDIR-IPN, México
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Sandoval K, Moreno-Estrada A, Mendizabal I, Underhill PA, Lopez-Valenzuela M, Peñaloza-Espinosa R, Lopez-Lopez M, Buentello-Malo L, Avelino H, Calafell F, Comas D. Y-chromosome diversity in Native Mexicans reveals continental transition of genetic structure in the Americas. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 148:395-405. [PMID: 22576278 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The genetic characterization of Native Mexicans is important to understand multiethnic based features influencing the medical genetics of present Mexican populations, as well as to the reconstruct the peopling of the Americas. We describe the Y-chromosome genetic diversity of 197 Native Mexicans from 11 populations and 1,044 individuals from 44 Native American populations after combining with publicly available data. We found extensive heterogeneity among Native Mexican populations and ample segregation of Q-M242* (46%) and Q-M3 (54%) haplogroups within Mexico. The northernmost sampled populations falling outside Mesoamerica (Pima and Tarahumara) showed a clear differentiation with respect to the other populations, which is in agreement with previous results from mtDNA lineages. However, our results point toward a complex genetic makeup of Native Mexicans whose maternal and paternal lineages reveal different narratives of their population history, with sex-biased continental contributions and different admixture proportions. At a continental scale, we found that Arctic populations and the northernmost groups from North America cluster together, but we did not find a clear differentiation within Mesoamerica and the rest of the continent, which coupled with the fact that the majority of individuals from Central and South American samples are restricted to the Q-M3 branch, supports the notion that most Native Americans from Mesoamerica southwards are descendants from a single wave of migration. This observation is compatible with the idea that present day Mexico might have constituted an area of transition in the diversification of paternal lineages during the colonization of the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Sandoval
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva, CEXS-UPF-PRBB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Preliminary analysis of microsatellite-based genetic diversity of goats in southern Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1017/s207863361100035x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ramos MA, Mares RE, Avalos ED, Hernández A, Hernández R, Lameda R, Malváez AE, Rodríguez CA, Rodríguez R. Pharmacogenetic screening of N-acetyltransferase 2, thiopurine s-methyltransferase, and 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms in Northwestern Mexicans. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2011; 15:351-5. [PMID: 21254844 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific information about the population pharmacogenetics can be the starting point to study the inheritance of these traits, to design individual drug therapy, and to develop new drugs rationally. Pharmacogenetic studies have been performed in some regions of Mexico, such as Central and Northeast, but this kind of study has not been conducted in the Northwest region so far. Here, we report the distribution of NAT2, TPMT, and MTHFR gene polymorphisms in Baja California, Mexico. We found that our population sample exhibits allele and genotype frequencies that are highly similar to those observed in Caucasian populations, although it should be noted that there are slight similarities with those determined in other populations. As allelic variants of drug-metabolizing enzymes are prevalent in our population, it is important to consider pharmacogenetic testing as part of the standard diagnostic protocols before medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mesa de Otay, Tijuana, México.
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Valdez-Velazquez LL, Mendoza-Carrera F, Perez-Parra SA, Rodarte-Hurtado K, Sandoval-Ramirez L, Montoya-Fuentes H, Quintero-Ramos A, Delgado-Enciso I, Montes-Galindo DA, Gomez-Sandoval Z, Olivares N, Rivas F. Renin gene haplotype diversity and linkage disequilibrium in two Mexican and one German population samples. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2010; 12:231-7. [PMID: 21163863 DOI: 10.1177/1470320310388440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renin is the main rate-limiting enzyme in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Its gene, REN, is a candidate crucial factor in essential hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate allele and haplotype distributions of REN polymorphisms, and to estimate normalised linkage disequilibrium (D') in Mexican and German populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups were studied for the REN single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 1205C>T, 1303G>A, and 10607G>A, in population samples of Mexican Mestizo (n = 86), Mexican Huichol (n = 49), German (n = 39), and individuals with hypertension diagnosis (n = 66). Polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP. Genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies were estimated. RESULTS SNP 1205C>T and 10607G>A allele and genotype distribution showed inter-group differences. The 1205T and 10607A allele showed a significance difference in hypertensive population. Haplotype analysis also showed some inter-group differences, especially in 1205C-1303G-10607G, 1205C-1303G-10607A and 1205T-1303G-10607G haplotypes. The segregation analysis disclosed complete linkage disequilibrium between 1205 and 1303 loci. CONCLUSION These results provide an example of genetic diversity in related populations and illustrate the convenience of increasing the number of loci in associative studies between diseases and candidate genes.
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Segat L, Guimarães RL, Brandão LAC, Rocha CRC, Zanin V, Trevisiol C, de Lima Filho JL, Crovella S. Beta defensin-1 gene (DEFB1) polymorphisms are not associated with atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents from northeast Brazil (Recife, Pernambuco). Int J Dermatol 2010; 49:653-7. [PMID: 20618470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease resulting from the interplay between environmental, immunological and genetic factors. In our study, we investigated the role of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 5'-UTR of DEFB1 gene, encoding for the human beta defensin-1, on the susceptibility to develop AD in a group of Brazilian children and adolescents. METHODS Three SNPs, -20 G/A (rs11362), -44 C/G (rs1800972), and -52 G/A (rs1799946) at 5'-UTR of DEFB1 gene were genotyped in two groups of children and adolescents, one affected by AD (96 subjects), the other healthy (191 individuals), from northeast Brazil. RESULTS -44 C/G frequencies were comparable between the two groups. The -20 GG genotype was more frequent in AD subjects than in healthy controls; the -52 GG, conversely, was more frequent in healthy controls than in AD. However, both these differences did not reach statistical significance. Also, association between SNPs and AD severity has been shown. The analysis of DEFB1 haplotypes did not highlight any association of the three SNPs with AD development or disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Our results seem to exclude a role for the -44 C/G DEFB1 SNPs on the pathogenesis and severity of AD, while for the -20 C/G and -52 G/A, even if not statistically significant, we evidenced a slight trend for susceptibility (-20 GG) and protection (-52 GG) for the development of AD. However, as controversial findings have been reported in the literature, the role of DEFB1 in the development of AD and in the severity of the phenotype deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Segat
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
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Mendoza-Carrera F, Ramírez-López G, Ayala-Martínez NA, García-Zapién AG, Flores-Martínez SE, Sánchez-Corona J. Influence of CRP, IL6, and TNFA Gene Polymorphisms on Circulating Levels of C-Reactive Protein in Mexican Adolescents. Arch Med Res 2010; 41:472-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Ganachari M, Ruiz-Morales JA, Gomez de la Torre Pretell JC, Dinh J, Granados J, Flores-Villanueva PO. Joint effect of MCP-1 genotype GG and MMP-1 genotype 2G/2G increases the likelihood of developing pulmonary tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated individuals. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8881. [PMID: 20111728 PMCID: PMC2810343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the – 2518 MCP-1 genotype GG increases the likelihood of developing tuberculosis (TB) in non-BCG-vaccinated Mexicans and Koreans. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this genotype, alone or together with the – 1607 MMP-1 functional polymorphism, increases the likelihood of developing TB in BCG-vaccinated individuals. We conducted population-based case-control studies of BCG-vaccinated individuals in Mexico and Peru that included 193 TB cases and 243 healthy tuberculin-positive controls from Mexico and 701 TB cases and 796 controls from Peru. We also performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of lymph nodes from carriers of relevant two-locus genotypes and in vitro studies to determine how these variants may operate to increase the risk of developing active disease. We report that a joint effect between the – 2518 MCP-1 genotype GG and the – 1607 MMP-1 genotype 2G/2G consistently increases the odds of developing TB 3.59-fold in Mexicans and 3.9-fold in Peruvians. IHC analysis of lymph nodes indicated that carriers of the two-locus genotype MCP-1 GG MMP-1 2G/2G express the highest levels of both MCP-1 and MMP-1. Carriers of these susceptibility genotypes might be at increased risk of developing TB because they produce high levels of MCP-1, which enhances the induction of MMP-1 production by M. tuberculosis-sonicate antigens to higher levels than in carriers of the other two-locus MCP-1 MMP-1 genotypes studied. This notion was supported by in vitro experiments and luciferase based promoter activity assay. MMP-1 may destabilize granuloma formation and promote tissue damage and disease progression early in the infection. Our findings may foster the development of new and personalized therapeutic approaches targeting MCP-1 and/or MMP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathesha Ganachari
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jorge A. Ruiz-Morales
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Jeffrey Dinh
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Julio Granados
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Transplantation Immunology, Mexican National Institute of Medicine and Nutrition “Salvador Zubiran”, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Pedro O. Flores-Villanueva
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rubi-Castellanos R, Martínez-Cortés G, Muñoz-Valle JF, González-Martín A, Cerda-Flores RM, Anaya-Palafox M, Rangel-Villalobos H. Pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican demography approximates the present-day ancestry of Mestizos throughout the territory of Mexico. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 139:284-94. [PMID: 19140185 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 500 years, admixture among Amerindians, Europeans, and Africans, principally, has come to shape the present-day gene pool of Mexicans, particularly Mestizos, who represent about 93% of the total Mexican population. In this work, we analyze the genetic data of 13 combined DNA index system-short tandem repeats (CODIS-STRs) in 1,984 unrelated Mestizos representing 10 population samples from different regions of Mexico, namely North, West, Central, and Southeast. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) test demonstrated low but significant differentiation among Mestizos from different regions (F(ST) = 0.34%; P = 0.0000). Although the spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA) predicted clustering Mestizo populations into four well-delimited groups, the main differentiation was observed between Northwest when compared with Central and Southeast regions. In addition, we included analysis of individuals of Amerindian (Purepechas), European (Huelva, Spain), and African (Fang) origin. Thus, STRUCTURE analysis was performed identifying three well-differentiated ancestral populations (k = 3). STRUCTURE results and admixture estimations by means of LEADMIX software in Mestizo populations demonstrated genetic heterogeneity or asymmetric admixture throughout Mexico, displaying an increasing North-to-South gradient of Amerindian ancestry, and vice versa regarding the European component. Interestingly, this distribution of Amerindian ancestry roughly reflects pre-Hispanic Native-population density, particularly toward the Mesoamerican area. The forensic, epidemiological, and evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rubi-Castellanos
- Instituto de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán 47810, Jalisco, México
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Ancestry informative markers and admixture proportions in northeastern Mexico. J Hum Genet 2009; 54:504-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2009.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sandoval K, Buentello-Malo L, Peñaloza-Espinosa R, Avelino H, Salas A, Calafell F, Comas D. Linguistic and maternal genetic diversity are not correlated in Native Mexicans. Hum Genet 2009; 126:521-31. [PMID: 19495796 PMCID: PMC2762527 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mesoamerica, defined as the broad linguistic and cultural area from middle southern Mexico to Costa Rica, might have played a pivotal role during the colonization of the American continent. The Mesoamerican isthmus has constituted an important geographic barrier that has severely restricted gene flow between North and South America in pre-historical times. Although the Native American component has been already described in admixed Mexican populations, few studies have been carried out in native Mexican populations. In this study, we present mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data for the first hypervariable region (HVR-I) in 477 unrelated individuals belonging to 11 different native populations from Mexico. Almost all of the Native Mexican mtDNAs could be classified into the four pan-Amerindian haplogroups (A2, B2, C1, and D1); only two of them could be allocated to the rare Native American lineage D4h3. Their haplogroup phylogenies are clearly star-like, as expected from relatively young populations that have experienced diverse episodes of genetic drift (e.g., extensive isolation, genetic drift, and founder effects) and posterior population expansions. In agreement with this observation, Native Mexican populations show a high degree of heterogeneity in their patterns of haplogroup frequencies. Haplogroup X2a was absent in our samples, supporting previous observations where this clade was only detected in the American northernmost areas. The search for identical sequences in the American continent shows that, although Native Mexican populations seem to show a closer relationship to North American populations, they cannot be related to a single geographical region within the continent. Finally, we did not find significant population structure in the maternal lineages when considering the four main and distinct linguistic groups represented in our Mexican samples (Oto-Manguean, Uto-Aztecan, Tarascan, and Mayan), suggesting that genetic divergence predates linguistic diversification in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Sandoval
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), CEXS-UPF-PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Analysis of genomic diversity in Mexican Mestizo populations to develop genomic medicine in Mexico. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:8611-6. [PMID: 19433783 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903045106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mexico is developing the basis for genomic medicine to improve healthcare of its population. The extensive study of genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium structure of different populations has made it possible to develop tagging and imputation strategies to comprehensively analyze common genetic variation in association studies of complex diseases. We assessed the benefit of a Mexican haplotype map to improve identification of genes related to common diseases in the Mexican population. We evaluated genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium patterns, and extent of haplotype sharing using genomewide data from Mexican Mestizos from regions with different histories of admixture and particular population dynamics. Ancestry was evaluated by including 1 Mexican Amerindian group and data from the HapMap. Our results provide evidence of genetic differences between Mexican subpopulations that should be considered in the design and analysis of association studies of complex diseases. In addition, these results support the notion that a haplotype map of the Mexican Mestizo population can reduce the number of tag SNPs required to characterize common genetic variation in this population. This is one of the first genomewide genotyping efforts of a recently admixed population in Latin America.
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Dental morphology and ancestry in Albuquerque, New Mexico Hispanics. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2009; 60:207-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Valle Y, Padilla-Gutiérrez JR, Rodarte K, Quintero-Ramos A, Ortiz R, Hernández-Zaragoza G, Rivas F. Five X-chromosome short tandem repeats in a Western Mexican population. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:1388-90. [PMID: 18844492 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked microsatellites represent an efficient complement of autosomal and Y-chromosomal markers in forensic and kinship analysis. METHODS DXS337 (n=208), DXS101 (n=208), HPRTB (n=206), DXS8377 (n=220), and DXS7423 (n=213) were genotyped in male and female samples from a Western Mexican Mestizo population using singleplex systems and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Genotype distributions did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg expectations, and pairwise allele combination analysis was consistent with independent segregation for every marker (p>0.05). Allele frequencies were not different by gender. Differences in allele distribution with respect to Caucasian population data (DXS101, HPRTB, DXS8377, DXS7423) seem attributable to the native Mexican component. For the set of five markers, the combined power of discrimination and the probability of exclusion in paternity tests in trios were greater than 0.999. CONCLUSIONS The present data reveal that the panel of five X-short tandem repeats analyzed is highly informative in forensic identity and parentage studies in Western Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeminia Valle
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Flores-Martínez SE, Martínez JF, Machorro-Lazo MV, García-Zapién AG, Salgado-Goytia L, Cruz-Quevedo EG, Morán-Moguel MC, Sánchez-Corona J. XV-2c/KM19 haplotypes analysis of cystic fibrosis patients from western Mexico. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2008; 95:313-325. [PMID: 18788470 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.95.2008.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of polymorphic markers within or closely linked to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene is useful as a molecular tool for carrier detection of known and unknown mutations. To establish the association between mutations in the CFTR gene in western Mexican cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, the distribution of XV2c/KM19 haplotypes was analyzed by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion in 384 chromosomes from 74 CF patients, their unaffected parents, and normal subjects. The haplotype analysis revealed that haplotype B was present in 71.9% of CF chromosomes compared to 0% of non-CF chromosomes. The F508del and G542X mutations were strongly associated with haplotype B (96.7% and 100% of chromosomes, respectively). The haplotype distribution of the CF chromosomes carrying other CFTR mutations had a more heterogeneous background. Our results show that haplotype B is associated with CFTR mutations. Therefore, haplotype analysis is a suitable alternate strategy for screening CF patients with a heterogeneous clinical picture from populations with a high molecular heterogeneity where carrier detection programs are not available. In addition, it may be a helpful diagnostic tool for genetic counseling and carrier detection in the relatives of CF patients and in couples who are planning to have children.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Flores-Martínez
- División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Rangel-Villalobos H, Muñoz-Valle JF, González-Martín A, Gorostiza A, Magaña MT, Páez-Riberos LA. Genetic admixture, relatedness, and structure patterns among Mexican populations revealed by the Y-chromosome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2008; 135:448-61. [PMID: 18161845 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Y-linked markers are suitable loci to analyze genetic diversity of human populations, offering knowledge of medical, forensic, and anthropological interest. In a population sample of 206 Mestizo males from western Mexico, we analyzed two binary loci (M3 and YAP) and six Y-STRs, adding to the analysis data of Mexican Mestizos and Amerindians, and relevant worldwide populations. The paternal ancestry estimated in western Mexican-Mestizos was mainly European (60-64%), followed by Amerindian (25-21%), and African ( approximately 15%). Significant genetic heterogeneity was established between Mestizos from western (Jalisco State) and northern Mexico (Chihuahua State) compared with Mexicans from the center of the Mexican Republic (Mexico City), this attributable to higher European ancestry in western and northern than in central and southeast populations, where higher Amerindian ancestry was inferred. This genetic structure has important implications for medical and forensic purposes. Two different Pre-Hispanic evolutionary processes were evident. In Mesoamerican region, populations presented higher migration rate (N(m) = 24.76), promoting genetic homogeneity. Conversely, isolated groups from the mountains and canyons of the Western and Northern Sierra Madre (Huichols and Tarahumaras, respectively) presented a lower migration rate (N(m) = 10.27) and stronger genetic differentiation processes (founder effect and/or genetic drift), constituting a Pre-Hispanic population substructure. Additionally, Tarahumaras presented a higher frequency of Y-chromosomes without Q3 that was explained by paternal European admixture (15%) and, more interestingly, by a distinctive Native-American ancestry. In Purepechas, a special admixture process involving preferential integration of non-Purepecha women in their communities could explain contrary genetic evidences (autosomal vs. Y-chromosome) for this tribe.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rangel-Villalobos
- Centro de Investigación en Genética Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara (CUCiénega-UdeG), CP 47810, Ocotlán, Jalisco, México.
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Calderón-Garcidueñas AL, Rivera-Prieto RA, Ortíz-Lopez R, Rivas F, Barrera-Saldaña HA, Peñaloza-Espinosa RI, Cerda-Flores RM. Genetic structure of Mexican Mestizo women with breast cancer based on three STR loci. Am J Hum Biol 2008; 20:191-3. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Juárez-Cedillo T, Zuñiga J, Acuña-Alonzo V, Pérez-Hernández N, Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Barquera R, Gallardo GJ, Sánchez-Arenas R, García-Peña MDC, Granados J, Vargas-Alarcón G. Genetic admixture and diversity estimations in the Mexican Mestizo population from Mexico City using 15 STR polymorphic markers. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2007; 2:e37-9. [PMID: 19083813 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2007.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The 15 AmpFlSTR Identifiler loci D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818 and FGA were analyzed in a sample of 378 unrelated individuals from Mexico City, Mexico. Significant deviations from HW equilibrium in 14/15 STR loci alleles were not detected. The D18S51 locus had the highest power of discrimination (0.970). Genetic admixture estimations revealed a 69% of Amerindian, 26% of European and 5% of African contribution. Comparative analyses between Mexicans and other neighboring populations reveal significant differences in genetic diversity. Our results are important for future comparative genetic studies in different Latin American ethnic groups, particularly Mexican Mestizos and Amerindians. They should also be helpful in genetics, population evolution, forensic and paternity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Juárez-Cedillo
- Epidemiological Research and Health Services Unit, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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Weitzel JN, Lagos VI, Herzog JS, Judkins T, Hendrickson B, Ho JS, Ricker CN, Lowstuter KJ, Blazer KR, Tomlinson G, Scholl T. Evidence for common ancestral origin of a recurring BRCA1 genomic rearrangement identified in high-risk Hispanic families. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:1615-20. [PMID: 17646271 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large rearrangements account for 8% to 15% of deleterious BRCA mutations, although none have been characterized previously in individuals of Mexican ancestry. METHODS DNA from 106 Hispanic patients without an identifiable BRCA mutation by exonic sequence analysis was subjected to multiplexed quantitative differential PCR. One case of Native American and African American ancestry was identified via multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Long-range PCR was used to confirm deletion events and to clone and sequence genomic breakpoints. Splicing patterns were derived by sequencing cDNA from reverse transcription-PCR of lymphoblastoid cell line RNA. Haplotype analysis was conducted for recurrent mutations. RESULTS The same deletion of BRCA1 exons 9 through 12 was identified in five unrelated families. Long-range PCR and sequencing indicated a deletion event of 14.7 kb. A 3-primer PCR assay was designed based on the deletion breakpoints, identified within an AluSp element in intron 8 and an AluSx element in intron 12. Haplotype analysis confirmed common ancestry. Analysis of cDNA showed direct splicing of exons 8 to 13, resulting in a frameshift mutation and predicted truncation of the BRCA1 protein. CONCLUSIONS We identified and characterized a novel large BRCA1 deletion in five unrelated families-four of Mexican ancestry and one of African and Native American ancestry, suggesting the possibility of founder effect of Amerindian or Mestizo origin. This BRCA1 rearrangement was detected in 3.8% (4 of 106) of BRCA sequence-negative Hispanic families. An assay for this mutation should be considered for sequence-negative high-risk Hispanic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Weitzel
- Department of Clinical Cancer Genetics, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Garcia-Gonzalez CL, Montoya-Fuentes H, Padilla-Rosas M, Sanchez-Corona J. Amylin S20G mutation in Mexican population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 76:146-8. [PMID: 16950544 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by defective insulin action or secretion or both with a 10.6% incidence in Mexican Mestizo population, DM2 is also classified within the localized misfolding diseases due to the amyloid pancreatic deposits found in 90% of the DM2 necropsies. The pancreatic amyloid main component is a protein known as human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) or amylin, the most common mutation is the S20G in Asian population with a polymorphic frequency in DM2 Asian patients. The aim of this study was to search this mutation in Mexican Mestizo general population (104) and DM2 patients (100). This is the first molecular study of hIAPP gene in Mexican population and in which we developed an alternative more effective antisense primer for the analysis of the NFGAILSS region in hIAPP exon 3 critical for the amyloid beta structure formation. We did not find the mutation in any of the 204 analyzed samples, thus the findings show that S20G is not a common mutation in Mexican Mestizo population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lorena Garcia-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada No. 800, Colonia Independencia, S.L. CP. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
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Escamilla MA, Ontiveros A, Nicolini H, Raventos H, Mendoza R, Medina R, Munoz R, Levinson D, Peralta JM, Dassori A, Almasy L. A genome-wide scan for schizophrenia and psychosis susceptibility loci in families of Mexican and Central American ancestry. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2007; 144B:193-9. [PMID: 17044102 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder, likely to be caused in part by multiple genes. In this study, linkage analyses were performed to identify chromosomal regions most likely to be associated with schizophrenia and psychosis in multiplex families of Mexican and Central American origin. Four hundred and fifty-nine individuals from 99 families, containing at least two siblings with hospital diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, were genotyped. Four hundred and four microsatellite markers were genotyped for all individuals and multipoint non-parametric linkage analyses were performed using broad (any psychosis) and narrow (schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder) models. Under the broad model, three chromosomal regions (1pter-p36, 5q35, and 18p11) exhibited evidence of linkage with non-parametric lod (NPL) scores greater than 2.7 (equivalent to empirical P values of less than 0.001) with the peak multipoint NPL = 3.42 (empirical P value = 0.00003), meeting genomewide evidence for significant linkage in the 1pter-p36 region. Under the narrow model, the same three loci showed (non-significant) evidence of linkage. These linkage findings (1pter-p36, 18p11, and 5q35) highlight where genes for psychosis and schizophrenia are most likely to be found in persons of Mexican and Central American ancestry, and correspond to recent linkages of schizophrenia or psychosis in other populations which were formed in part from emigrants from the Spanish empire of the 15th and 16th centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Escamilla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, Texas, 78229-3900, USA.
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Navalón-García K, Mendoza-Alcantar L, Díaz-Vargas ME, Martínez-Godínez MA, Reyna-Garfias H, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Riba L, Canizales-Quinteros S, Villarreal-Molina T, González-Chávez A, Argueta-Villamar V, Tusié-Luna MT, Miliar-García A. HNF-1alpha G574S is a functional variant with decreased transactivation activity. Diabet Med 2006; 23:1295-300. [PMID: 17116178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.02008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the functional consequence of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha gene (HNF-1alpha) G574S variant previously proposed as a diabetes susceptibility allele, in a group of Mexican Type 2 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS The transcriptional activity of the HNF-1alpha G574S recombinant protein on the human insulin promoter was assessed by transfection assays in RINm5f and HepG2 cell lines. RESULTS Two unrelated Mexican diabetic patients with no known African ancestry were found to carry the G574S variant. This substitution was not found among unrelated healthy control subjects. Whereas the G574S HNF-1alpha transcription activation of the human insulin promoter was 40% lower than that of the wild-type protein in RINm5f beta cells, no difference was found in a hepatic cell line (HepG2). CONCLUSIONS G574S affects the transactivation potential of HNF-1alpha on the insulin promoter in pancreatic beta-cells. Although it has been difficult to prove its role in the development of diabetes in case-control association studies, this variant exhibits functional effects consistent with it being a potential diabetes susceptibility allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Navalón-García
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional Escuela Superior de Medicins, Sección de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico
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Prado-Montes de Oca E, Rangel-Villalobos H, Gallegos-Arreola MP, Sandoval L, Figuera LE. SNPs in human beta-defensin 1 gene (DEFB1): frequencies in a Mexican population and new PCR-RFLPs assays. Int J Immunogenet 2006; 33:339-42. [PMID: 16984277 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2006.00628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays for two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human beta-defensin 1 gene have been validated with real-time PCR in 101 healthy individuals from western Mexico. Allele frequencies were 52.5% (692-A) and 98.5% (1836-A). These assays can be confidently used as a cheaper alternative genotyping method for these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Prado-Montes de Oca
- PhD Program in Human Genetics, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Prado-Montes de Oca E, García-Vargas A, Lozano-Inocencio R, Gallegos-Arreola MP, Sandoval-Ramírez L, Dávalos-Rodríguez NO, Figuera LE. Association of beta-defensin 1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with atopic dermatitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 142:211-8. [PMID: 17108702 DOI: 10.1159/000097023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic multifactorial allergic disease with unclear etiology. The antimicrobial human beta-defensin 1 is chemotactic for dendritic cells, which are important regulators of allergic immune responses. In an attempt to identify useful markers that could predict susceptibility to AD, we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the beta-defensin 1 gene (DEFB1) with potential functional consequences. METHODS Four SNPs of the DEFB1 gene were genotyped either by real-time polymerase chain reaction or polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms in 59 patients with AD and 151 controls from the Mexican population. Correlation analyses were carried out between genetic, environmental and clinical variables in AD patients. RESULTS The genotypes associated with susceptibility to AD and no other allergy were 692 GG (OR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.37-7.34) and 1654 AA (OR = 17.37, 95% CI 1.62-860.83). The allele 668 C is a risk factor for AD (OR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.22-4.01) and the allele A in site 1836 correlates with earlier age at onset (Spearman's rho = 0.232; p = 0.03). The prolonged duration of breastfeeding correlates with earlier age at onset as well as with the severity of AD. CONCLUSIONS The DEFB1 gene is probably involved in the incidence and development of AD, but additional functional studies will be necessary to understand the biological role of these SNPs.
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Martinez-Marignac VL, Valladares A, Cameron E, Chan A, Perera A, Globus-Goldberg R, Wacher N, Kumate J, McKeigue P, O'Donnell D, Shriver MD, Cruz M, Parra EJ. Admixture in Mexico City: implications for admixture mapping of type 2 diabetes genetic risk factors. Hum Genet 2006; 120:807-19. [PMID: 17066296 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Admixture mapping is a recently developed method for identifying genetic risk factors involved in complex traits or diseases showing prevalence differences between major continental groups. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is at least twice as prevalent in Native American populations as in populations of European ancestry, so admixture mapping is well suited to study the genetic basis of this complex disease. We have characterized the admixture proportions in a sample of 286 unrelated T2D patients and 275 controls from Mexico City and we discuss the implications of the results for admixture mapping studies. Admixture proportions were estimated using 69 autosomal ancestry-informative markers (AIMs). Maternal and paternal contributions were estimated from geographically informative mtDNA and Y-specific polymorphisms. The average proportions of Native American, European and, West African admixture were estimated as 65, 30, and 5%, respectively. The contributions of Native American ancestors to maternal and paternal lineages were estimated as 90 and 40%, respectively. In a logistic model with higher educational status as dependent variable, the odds ratio for higher educational status associated with an increase from 0 to 1 in European admixture proportions was 9.4 (95%, credible interval 3.8-22.6). This association of socioeconomic status with individual admixture proportion shows that genetic stratification in this population is paralleled, and possibly maintained, by socioeconomic stratification. The effective number of generations back to unadmixed ancestors was 6.7 (95% CI 5.7-8.0), from which we can estimate that genome-wide admixture mapping will require typing about 1,400 evenly distributed AIMs to localize genes underlying disease risk between populations of European and Native American ancestry. Sample sizes of about 2,000 cases will be required to detect any locus that contributes an ancestry risk ratio of at least 1.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Martinez-Marignac
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. Room 4026, South Bldg, L5L 1C6, Mississauga, ON, Canada,
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Martínez-Abadías N, González-José R, González-Martín A, Van der Molen S, Talavera A, Hernández P, Hernández M. Phenotypic evolution of human craniofacial morphology after admixture: a geometric morphometrics approach. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2006; 129:387-98. [PMID: 16323202 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An evolutionary, diachronic approach to the phenotypic craniofacial pattern arisen in a human population after high levels of admixture and gene flow was achieved by means of geometric morphometrics. Admixture has long been studied after molecular data. Nevertheless, few efforts have been made to explain the morphological outcome in human craniofacial samples. The Spanish-Amerindian contact can be considered a good scenario for such an analysis. Here we present a comparative analysis of craniofacial shape changes observed between two putative ancestor groups, Spanish and precontact Aztecs, and two diachronic admixed groups, corresponding to early and late colonial periods from the Mexico's Central Valley. Quantitative shape comparisons of Amerindian, Spanish, and admixed groups were used to test the expectations of quantitative genetics for admixture events. In its simplest form, this prediction states that an admixed group will present phenotypic values falling between those of both parental groups. Results show that, in general terms, although the human skull is a complex, integrated structure, the craniofacial morphology observed fits the theoretical expectations of quantitative genetics. Thus, it is predictive of population structure and history. In fact, results obtained after the craniofacial analysis are in accordance with previous molecular and historical interpretations, providing evidence that admixture is a main microevolutionary agent influencing modern Mexican gene pool. However, expectations are not straightforward when moderate shape changes are considered. Deviations detected at localized structures, such as the upper and lower face, highlight the evolution of a craniofacial pattern exclusively inherent to the admixed groups, indicating that quantitative characters might respond to admixture in a complicated, nondirectional way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Martínez-Abadías
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Yescas P, Huertas-Vazquez A, Villarreal-Molina MT, Rasmussen A, Tusié-Luna MT, López M, Canizales-Quinteros S, Alonso ME. Founder effect for the Ala431Glu mutation of the presenilin 1 gene causing early-onset Alzheimer's disease in Mexican families. Neurogenetics 2006; 7:195-200. [PMID: 16628450 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-006-0043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complex. To date, molecular genetic studies in several families affected with AD have identified three genes associated with highly penetrant early-onset AD: Presenilin 1 (PSEN1), Presenilin 2 (PSEN2) and beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP); and one gene (apolipoprotein E) associated with late-onset AD. Molecular analysis of the PSEN1 gene was performed by direct sequencing of genomic DNA. The possible founder effect was investigated analyzing two highly polymorphic microsatellite markers flanking the PSEN1 gene. Twelve unrelated Mexican families with early-onset AD were analyzed. The Ala431Glu mutation in exon 12 of PSEN1 was found in nine (75%) of these families, which segregated showing autosomal dominant inheritance. Because all families bearing the mutation are from the State of Jalisco (located in Western Mexico), a founder effect was hypothesized. Microsatellite haplotype analysis suggested a common ancestor in these nine kindreds. In conclusion, the Ala431Glu mutation is a prevalent cause of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease in families from the State of Jalisco, Mexico. Genetic evidence supports that it is a founder mutation descending from a single common ancestor. These findings have important implications for prompt diagnosis and genetic counseling for Mexican patients with familial AD from Jalisco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Yescas
- Departamento de Neurogenética y Biología Molecular, lnstituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suarez, México D.F., México
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Bonilla C, Gutiérrez G, Parra EJ, Kline C, Shriver MD. Admixture analysis of a rural population of the state of Guerrero, Mexico. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2006; 128:861-9. [PMID: 16118786 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We studied 156 individuals of Native American descent from the city of Tlapa in the state of Guerrero in western Mexico. Most individuals' ethnicity was either Nahua, Mixtec, or Tlapanec, but self-identified Mestizos and individuals of mixed ethnicities were also included in the sample. We typed 24 autosomal, one Y-chromosome, and four mitochondrial ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) to estimate group and individual admixture proportions, and determine whether the admixture process involved directional gene flow between parental groups. When genetically defined (GD) Mestizos were excluded from the analysis, Native American ancestry represented approximately 98% of the population's gene pool, while European and West African ancestry represented approximately 1% each. Maternally inherited markers also showed an exceptionally high Native American contribution (98.5%), as did the paternally inherited marker, DYS199 (90.7%). We did not detect genetic structure in this population using these AIMs, which appears consistent with the homogeneity of the sample in terms of admixture proportions. The addition of GD Mestizos to the sample did not produce a considerable change in admixture estimates, but it had a major effect on population structure. These results show that the population of Tlapa in Guerrero, Mexico, has experienced little admixture with Europeans and/or West Africans. They also show that the impact of a small number of admixed individuals on an otherwise homogeneous population might have profound implications on subsequent ancestry/phenotype analysis and mapping strategies. We suggest that heterogeneity is a major characteristic of Mexican populations and, as a consequence, should not be disregarded when designing epidemiological studies of Mexican and Mexican American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bonilla
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Leal CA, Mendoza-Carrera F, Rivas F, Rodriguez-Reynoso S, Portilla-de Buen E. HLA-A and HLA-B allele frequencies in a mestizo population from Guadalajara, Mexico, determined by sequence-based typing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 66:666-73. [PMID: 16305683 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
HLA-A and HLA-B genes were typed by DNA sequencing in a mestizo population from Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Thirty-seven HLA-A and 51 HLA-B alleles were observed in 103 samples. The common typical Amerindian alleles (>5%) and haplotypes (>or=2.0%) found were A*02010101, *24020101, *310102, B*350101, and *4002, and A*310102-B*4002, A*240201-B*350101, and the typical European alleles were A*010101, *29010101, B*1402, B*180101, and A*020101-B*1402, A*020101-B*510101, and A*3002-B*180101. This reflects the blending of the two main parental populations of mestizos: Amerindian and Iberian. Mexicans were found to be relatively closer to the Portuguese than to Spaniards. This proximity may indicate a larger Portuguese influence in Mexicans than previously considered. Present data contribute to the understanding of the genetic structure in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Leal
- Surgical Research Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44340 México.
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Flores-Villanueva PO, Ruiz-Morales JA, Song CH, Flores LM, Jo EK, Montaño M, Barnes PF, Selman M, Granados J. A functional promoter polymorphism in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is associated with increased susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis. J Exp Med 2005; 202:1649-58. [PMID: 16352737 PMCID: PMC2212957 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20050126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 10/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nitric oxide synthase 2A, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha genes in tuberculosis patients and healthy controls from Mexico. The odds of developing tuberculosis were 2.3- and 5.4-fold higher in carriers of MCP-1 genotypes AG and GG than in homozygous AA. Cases of homozygous GG had the highest plasma levels of MCP-1 and the lowest plasma levels of IL-12p40, and these values were negatively correlated. Furthermore, stimulation of monocytes from healthy carriers of the genotype GG with Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens yielded higher MCP-1 and lower IL-12p40 concentrations than parallel experiments with monocytes from homozygous AA. Addition of anti-MCP-1 increased IL-12p40 levels in cultures of M. tuberculosis-stimulated monocytes from homozygous GG, and addition of exogenous MCP-1 reduced IL-12p40 production by M. tuberculosis-stimulated monocytes from homozygous AA. Furthermore, we could replicate our results in Korean subjects, in whom the odds of developing tuberculosis were 2.8- and 6.9-fold higher in carriers of MCP-1 genotypes AG and GG than in homozygous AA. Our findings suggest that persons bearing the MCP-1 genotype GG produce high concentrations of MCP-1, which inhibits production of IL-12p40 in response to M. tuberculosis and increases the likelihood that M. tuberculosis infection will progress to active pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Pepin J. From the Old World to the New World: an ecologic study of population susceptibility to HIV infection. Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10:627-39. [PMID: 15960701 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It remains unclear why the global distribution of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), between and within continents, is so heterogeneous. This ecologic study of 34 populations of the Americas explored the hypothesis that populations differ in their intrinsic, biological susceptibility to HIV which, together with exposure, might determine the ultimate 'mature' prevalence. If true, national HIV prevalence in populations of the Americas should be predictable from each country's ethnic mosaic, inter-racial admixture and HIV prevalence in regions of Africa, Europe and Asia from where their ancestors migrated. For each country, the adult population (15-49 years) was multiplied by the proportion corresponding to each ethnic group by HIV prevalence in the country/region of origin of each group, yielding the predicted prevalences, which were then compared with observed prevalences documented by UNAIDS for 2001. Predicted and observed HIV prevalences were highly correlated (r = 0.70, P < 0.001). In North America, predicted prevalences were within 0.5% of the observed values, except for African-Americans and African-Canadians. In Central and South America, differences between predicted and observed prevalences were <1.0% except in Honduras and Guyana. Some Caribbean countries had a predicted prevalence identical to the observed one, but there were outliers. Overall, predicted prevalence was 0.93% and observed prevalence 0.64%; two-thirds of this difference was attributed to Brazil. Although it was not possible to adjust to the confounding effects of sexual behaviour and cofactors of transmission (such as sexually transmitted infections) because of the lack of nationally representative data for each and every country, a number of arguments reviewed in the paper suggest that confounders cannot explain all this association and that differential susceptibility might be an important determinant of steady-state HIV prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Pepin
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
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Cortes LM, Baltazar LM, Lopez-Cardona MG, Olivares N, Ramos C, Salazar M, Sandoval L, Lorenz MGO, Chakraborty R, Paterson AD, Rivas F. HLA class II haplotypes in Mexican systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Hum Immunol 2005; 65:1469-76. [PMID: 15603875 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which polymorphisms within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region have been associated to its etiology. For this study, HLA-DQB1, DQA1, and DRB1 genes were typed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer in 237 individuals, taken from 74 families, who had a member with SLE, and who had their residence in the western region of Mexico; as well as in 159 ethnically matched healthy volunteers taken from 32 families. Genotype and allele frequency analysis was performed in 74 SLE patients and 54 unrelated controls. Precise three-loci identification of independent haplotypes was performed in 48 patients and 54 controls by familial segregation. Genotype distribution at each loci was concordant with Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium in the control group. In general, no genotype effect was observed in SLE patients. Allele distribution comparison showed in the SLE group a significant increase of HLA-DQA1*0102, DQB1*0402, and DRB1*15; whereas alleles HLA-DQB1*0303 and *0501 were significantly decreased. SLE patients showed haplotype DQB1*0602-DQA1-*0102-DRB1*15 increased. As expected, patients with SLE have a reduced haplotype genetic diversity. The associations found in this study are related to an ancestral haplotype that has been observed in SLE populations of different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizette M Cortes
- Division of Immunology, HCMNO Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico.
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50
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Cortes LM, Baltazar LM, Perea FJ, Gallegos-Arreola MP, Flores SE, Sandoval L, Olivares N, Lorenz MGO, Xu H, Barton SA, Chakraborty R, Rivas F. HLA-DQB1, -DQA1, -DRB1 linkage disequilibrium and haplotype diversity in a Mestizo population from Guadalajara, Mexico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 63:458-65. [PMID: 15104677 DOI: 10.1111/j.0001-2815.2004.00202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HLA-DQB1, -DQA1, and -DRB1 genes were typed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) in 159 healthy volunteers from 32 families living in Guadalajara, Mexico. Three-locus genotype data from all family members were used to infer haplotypes in 54 unrelated individuals of the sample, from which estimate of segregating haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium (LD) between loci were computed. Genotype distributions were concordant with Hardy-Weinberg expectations (HWE) for all three loci, and allele distributions were similar to the ones observed in other Latin-American populations. Of the 56 distinct three-site (DQB1-DQA1-DRB1) haplotypes observed in the sample, the five most common (i.e., with frequencies of five counts or more) were: *0302-*0301-*04, *0201-*0201-*07, *0301-*0501-*14, *0402-*0401-*08, and *0501-*0101-*01. These common three-locus haplotypes also contributed to the majority of the significant two-locus linkage disequilibria of these three sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Cortes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800 Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
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