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Bysack RK, Chakrabarti S, Naskar S, Chakrabarti S, Basu M. Occupational health hazards and morbidity among nurserymen in a rural area of West Bengal. Indian J Public Health 2023; 67:203-207. [PMID: 37459013 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_711_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Horticulture or working in plant nursery is one of the main occupations in few areas of the southern part of West Bengal. It is considered as a hazardous health sector worldwide as it possesses several physical, chemical, and biological risks. Objectives The present study aimed to estimate the occupational health hazards and morbidity profile among the nurserymen living in a rural area of West Bengal and to determine the factors associated with occupational health hazards and morbidity of the participants. Materials and Methods An observational descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2021 to November 2021among 132 nurserymen in a subcenter of South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal through interview using a predesigned, pretested, and structured schedule. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 25.0. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with health hazards and morbidity. Results Different types of occupational hazards experienced by the participants were physical (100%), biological (91.6%), ergonomical (91%), chemical (85.6%), and psychological (31.8%). Most common occupation-related morbidity reported was skin rash (82.6%) followed by headache (78%), neck pain (78%), and low back pain (59.8%). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that age ≥60 years, daily working hours of ≥7 h and presence of chronic disease were statistically significant covariates of hazards. Female gender and working span of >10 years were significant covariates of "high morbidity" (P < 0.05). Conclusion One or more types of occupational hazards were experienced by the respondents. Future interventions to address hazards and morbidities of the workers along with the development of preventive measures are the need of the hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Kumar Bysack
- Post Graduate Trainee, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sreetama Chakrabarti
- Assistant Professor, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Naskar
- Associate Professor, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soma Chakrabarti
- Assistant Professor, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mausumi Basu
- Professor and HOD, Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Bethuel NW, Wasson K, Scribani M, Krupa N, Jenkins P, May JJ. Respiratory Disease in Migrant Farmworkers. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:708-712. [PMID: 33883532 PMCID: PMC8373658 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory problems are prevalent among persons who work in agriculture, however, publications examining the respiratory status in LatinX farmworkers are limited. The purpose of this study is to assess the respiratory status of LatinX farmworkers across New York State. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of data gathered from Spanish language OSHA respiratory questionnaires completed between January 2017 and March 2019. The best of three peak flows were compared with predicted normal values derived from regressions using age, gender, and height. RESULTS Key information was present in 162 Spanish questionnaires. Rates of reported respiratory symptoms were low, less than 2%; 11.7% farmworkers smoked. Best of three peak flows showed a mean of 97.2 ± 16.8% of predicted. DISCUSSION New York LatinX farmworkers do not appear to have abnormal rates of respiratory symptoms or low peak flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy W Bethuel
- PGY-III Internal Medicine Resident, Bassett Medical Center, One Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY 13326 (Bethuel); Student Intern, New York Center Agricultural Medicine and Health, One Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY 13326 (Wasson); Junior Research Investigator and Statistician, Bassett Medical Center, One Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY 13326 (Scribani); Research Informatics Analyst, Bassett Medical Center Research Institute, One Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY 13326 (Krupa); Research Scientist, Bassett Medical Center Research Institute, One Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY 13326 (Jenkins); Pulmonary and Occupational Medicine, Bassett Medical Center, New York Center Agricultural Medicine and Health, One Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY 13326 (May)
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Castillo F, Mora AM, Kayser GL, Vanos J, Hyland C, Yang AR, Eskenazi B. Environmental Health Threats to Latino Migrant Farmworkers. Annu Rev Public Health 2021; 42:257-276. [PMID: 33395542 PMCID: PMC8168948 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-012420-105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 75% of farmworkers in the United States are Latino migrants, and about 50% of hired farmworkers do not have authorization to work in the United States. Farmworkers face numerous chemical, physical, and biological threats to their health. The adverse effects of these hazards may be amplified among Latino migrant farmworkers, who are concurrently exposed to various psychosocial stressors. Factors such as documentation status, potential lack of authorization to work in the United States, and language and cultural barriers may also prevent Latino migrants from accessing federal aid, legal assistance, and health programs. These environmental, occupational, and social hazards may further exacerbate existing health disparities among US Latinos. This population is also likely to be disproportionately impacted by emerging threats, including climate change and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Latino migrant farmworkers are essential to agriculture in the United States, and actions are needed to protect this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Castillo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;
| | - Ana M Mora
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; , ,
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
| | - Georgia L Kayser
- Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA; ,
| | - Jennifer Vanos
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;
| | - Carly Hyland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; , ,
| | - Audrey R Yang
- Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA; ,
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; , ,
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Arora K, Cheyney M, Gerr F, Bhagianadh D, Gibbs J, Anthony TR. Assessing Health and Safety Concerns and Psychological Stressors among Agricultural Workers in the U.S. Midwest. J Agric Saf Health 2020; 26:45-58. [PMID: 32429619 DOI: 10.13031/jash.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is limited research exploring agricultural workers' own perspectives on the relative importance of the hazards and stressors they experience. There is also a lack of evidence on whether this reporting differs by method of elicitation. Finally, very little research exists on how to improve mail survey response rates among agricultural workers. We examined health and safety concerns and psychological stressors among Midwestern farmers. We assessed whether these reports varied by survey mode (mail survey versus in-person survey). The efficacy of two different types of incentives to enhance mail survey response rates among agricultural workers was also investigated. In 2018, a needs assessment survey was developed and mailed to a random sample of farm owner-operators in Iowa, Ohio, and Missouri, with randomly assigned prepaid or promised monetary incentives. In-person surveys were conducted among farm owner-operators and hired workers at three regional farm shows in Iowa, Minnesota, and Nebraska. The mail survey response rates were compared by incentive type. Content analysis was used to generate themes associated with health and safety concerns and psychological stressors, which were then ranked by frequency counts. Chi-square tests were used to analyze variation in the distribution of these themes by survey mode. The response rate for the $1 prepaid incentive was double that of the $10 promised incentive. Content analysis identified 13 health and safety concerns and eight psychological stressors. Chemicals, equipment/tools, and health outcomes were the most frequently noted health and safety concerns. Finances, climate/weather, and farm workload and management were the most frequently noted psychological stressors. Although there was considerable overlap in survey responses across mail and in-person respondents, important differences by sample and survey mode characteristics were observed. The results can support a variety of stakeholders in prioritizing and developing interventions and educational resources to address health and safety concerns and psychological stressors among Midwestern farmers. Our findings also contribute to the evidence base on primary data collection methods for agricultural workers.
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Kim JH, Lee KS, Lee Y, Park EC. Association of Occupational Class with Healthcare Utilization among Economically Active Korean Adults from 2006 to 2014: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study of Koreans Aged 19 Years and Older. Korean J Fam Med 2017; 38:365-371. [PMID: 29209477 PMCID: PMC5711656 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.6.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the impact of indicators of occupational class on healthcare utilization by using longitudinal data from a nationally representative survey. METHODS Data were obtained from the Korean Welfare Panel Study conducted from 2006 (wave 1) through 2014 (wave 9). A total of 5,104 individuals were selected at baseline (2006). Analysis of variance and longitudinal data analysis were used to evaluate the following dependent variables: number of outpatient visits and number of days spent in the hospital per year. RESULTS The number of annual outpatient visits was 4.298 days higher (P<0.0001) in class IV, 0.438 days higher (P=0.027) in class III, and 0.335 days higher (P=0.035) in class II than in class I. The number of days spent in the hospital per year was 0.610 days higher (P=0.001) in class IV, 0.547 days higher (P<0.0001) in class III, and 0.115 days higher (P=0.136) in class III than in class I. In addition, the number of days spent in the hospital in class IV patients with unmet healthcare needs showed an opposite trend to that predicted on the basis of socioeconomic status (estimate,-8.524; P-value=0.015). CONCLUSION Patients whose jobs involved manual or physical labor were significantly associated with higher healthcare utilization. Thus, the results suggest that healthcare utilization in different occupational classes should be improved by monitoring work environments and promoting health-enhancing behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Administration, Dankook University College of Health Science, Cheonan, Korea
- Institute of Health Promotion and Policy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Lee
- Department of Health Administration, Yonsei University College of Health Sciences, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yunhwan Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Institute on Aging, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Velasco-Mondragon E, Jimenez A, Palladino-Davis AG, Davis D, Escamilla-Cejudo JA. Hispanic health in the USA: a scoping review of the literature. Public Health Rev 2016; 37:31. [PMID: 29450072 PMCID: PMC5809877 DOI: 10.1186/s40985-016-0043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hispanics are the largest minority group in the USA. They contribute to the economy, cultural diversity, and health of the nation. Assessing their health status and health needs is key to inform health policy formulation and program implementation. To this end, we conducted a scoping review of the literature and national statistics on Hispanic health in the USA using a modified social-ecological framework that includes social determinants of health, health disparities, risk factors, and health services, as they shape the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. These social, environmental, and biological forces have modified the epidemiologic profile of Hispanics in the USA, with cancer being the leading cause of mortality, followed by cardiovascular diseases and unintentional injuries. Implementation of the Affordable Care Act has resulted in improved access to health services for Hispanics, but challenges remain due to limited cultural sensitivity, health literacy, and a shortage of Hispanic health care providers. Acculturation barriers and underinsured or uninsured status remain as major obstacles to health care access. Advantageous health outcomes from the "Hispanic Mortality Paradox" and the "Latina Birth Outcomes Paradox" persist, but health gains may be offset in the future by increasing rates of obesity and diabetes. Recommendations focus on the adoption of the Health in All Policies framework, expanding access to health care, developing cultural sensitivity in the health care workforce, and generating and disseminating research findings on Hispanic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Velasco-Mondragon
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, 1310 Johnson Lane; H-82, Rm. 213, Vallejo, CA 94592 USA
| | - Angela Jimenez
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | | | - Dawn Davis
- St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jose A. Escamilla-Cejudo
- Regional Advisor on Health Information and Analysis, Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Foggy Bottom, USA
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St. Louis T, Ehrlich E, Bunn T, Kanotra S, Fussman C, Rosenman KD. Proportion of dermatitis attributed to work exposures in the working population, United States, 2011 behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Am J Ind Med 2014; 57:653-9. [PMID: 24619601 PMCID: PMC4801023 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The US employer-based surveillance system for work-related health conditions underestimates the prevalence of work-related dermatitis. OBJECTIVE The authors sought to utilize information from workers to improve the accuracy of prevalence estimates for work-related dermatitis. METHODS Three state health departments included questions in the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey designed to ascertain the prevalence of dermatitis in the working population, as well as healthcare experiences, personal perceptions of work-relatedness, and job changes associated with dermatitis. RESULTS The percentage of working respondents who reported receiving a clinician's opinion that their dermatitis was work-related was between 3.8% and 10.2%. When patients' perceptions were considered, the work-related dermatitis prevalence estimate increased to between 12.9% and 17.6%. CONCLUSIONS Including patients' perceptions of work-relatedness produced a larger prevalence estimate for work-related dermatitis than the previously published estimate of 5.6%, which included only those cases of dermatitis attributed to work by healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas St. Louis
- Occupational Health Unit, Connecticut Department of Public Health, 410 Capitol Ave., MS# 11EOH, Hartford, Connecticut 06134-0308, Telephone: (860) 509-7759, Fax: (860) 509-7785
| | - Emily Ehrlich
- Health Statistics & Surveillance, Survey and Research Unit, Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Terry Bunn
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Sarojini Kanotra
- Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Kentucky Department for Public Health, Frankfort, Kentucky
| | - Chris Fussman
- Lifecourse Epidemiology and Genomics Division, Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Kenneth D. Rosenman
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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Frank AL, Liebman AK, Ryder B, Weir M, Arcury TA. Health care access and health care workforce for immigrant workers in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector in the southeastern US. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:960-74. [PMID: 23532981 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishery (AgFF) Sector workforce in the US is comprised primarily of Latino immigrants. Health care access for these workers is limited and increases health disparities. METHODS This article addresses health care access for immigrant workers in the AgFF Sector, and the workforce providing care to these workers. CONTENTS Immigrant workers bear a disproportionate burden of poverty and ill health and additionally face significant occupational hazards. AgFF laborers largely are uninsured, ineligible for benefits, and unable to afford health services. The new Affordable Care Act will likely not benefit such individuals. Community and Migrant Health Centers (C/MHCs) are the frontline of health care access for immigrant AgFF workers. C/MHCs offer discounted health services that are tailored to meet the special needs of their underserved clientele. C/MHCs struggle, however, with a shortage of primary care providers and staff prepared to treat occupational illness and injury among AgFF workers. A number of programs across the US aim to increase the number of primary care physicians and care givers trained in occupational health at C/MHCs. While such programs are beneficial, substantial action is needed at the national level to strengthen and expand the C/MHC system and to establish widely Medical Home models and Accountable Care Organizations. System-wide policy changes alone have the potential to reduce and eliminate the rampant health disparities experienced by the immigrant workers who sustain the vital Agricultural, Forestry, and Fishery sector in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur L. Frank
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health; Drexel University School of Public Health; Philadelphia; Pennsylvania
| | | | - Bobbi Ryder
- National Center for Farmworker Health; Inc.; Buda; Texas
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Gustafson CJ, Feldman SR, Quandt SA, Isom S, Chen H, Spears CR, Arcury TA. The association of skin conditions with housing conditions among North Carolina Latino migrant farm workers. Int J Dermatol 2013; 53:1091-7. [PMID: 23675774 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin conditions are common among Latino migrant farm workers. Although many skin conditions are related to occupational exposures, poor housing conditions may also contribute to skin ailments in migrant farm workers. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between housing conditions and skin conditions among Latino migrant farm workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study design using interview questionnaires, home inspections, and environmental sampling was implemented to document housing quality of farm worker camps/homes and the prevalence of self-reported skin conditions in Latino migrant farm workers. Interviews were completed with 371 farm workers residing in 186 of the 226 camps (camp response rate 82.3%). RESULTS Self-reported pruritus (31%), rash (25%), scaling (12%), blisters (11%), and ingrown nails (10%) were common among the participants. Pruritus was more likely to be reported by farm workers living in dwellings without air-conditioning (P < 0.05). Rash was associated with dwellings reported to have a low humidity (P < 0.05). Scaling was more likely to be reported by farm workers living in dwellings with indoor temperatures in the thermal discomfort range (P < 0.05). No statistically significant associations were detected for indoor allergens and self-reported skin ailments among migrant farm workers. CONCLUSIONS Skin conditions are common among migrant farm workers in North Carolina. The quality of housing conditions, particularly hot, dry indoor thermal environment, demonstrated significant associations with pruritus, rash, and scaling. The impact of housing characteristics on pruritus and blisters was greatest in new migrant farm workers. Further research is needed to delineate additional housing factors that could cause or exacerbate skin diseases in farm workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl J Gustafson
- Center for Dermatology Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Hofmann JN, Crowe J, Postma J, Ybarra V, Keifer MC. Perceptions of environmental and occupational health hazards among agricultural workers in Washington State. AAOHN JOURNAL : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSES 2009; 57:359-71. [PMID: 19715263 PMCID: PMC2882378 DOI: 10.3928/08910162-20090817-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study describes agricultural workers' perceptions of environmental and occupational health issues. Interviews were conducted with 389 agricultural workers in the Yakima Valley of central Washington State in the summers of 2004 and 2005. Undergraduate students from the community conducted interviews in Spanish or English. Environmental and occupational health issues were ranked by frequency of concern, and differences by demographics were evaluated using multivariate analyses. In both 2004 and 2005, agricultural workers expressed high levels of concern about working in hot weather, agricultural injuries, pesticides, and pediatric asthma. Agricultural workers' perceptions of environmental and occupational health issues differed by specific demographics, particularly age and ethnicity. Consideration should be given to these issues when designing research studies, creating educational materials, and developing interventions related to environmental and occupational hazards among agricultural workers.
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Hofmann JN, Crowe J, Postma J, Ybarra V, Keifer MC. Perceptions of Environmental and Occupational Health Hazards among Agricultural Workers in Washington State. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/216507990905700903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study describes agricultural workers' perceptions of environmental and occupational health issues. Interviews were conducted with 389 agricultural workers in the Yakima Valley of central Washington State in the summers of 2004 and 2005. Undergraduate students from the community conducted interviews in Spanish or English. Environmental and occupational health issues were ranked by frequency of concern, and differences by demographics were evaluated using multivariate analyses. In both 2004 and 2005, agricultural workers expressed high levels of concern about working in hot weather, agricultural injuries, pesticides, and pediatric asthma. Agricultural workers' perceptions of environmental and occupational health issues differed by specific demographics, particularly age and ethnicity. Consideration should be given to these issues when designing research studies, creating educational materials, and developing interventions related to environmental and occupational hazards among agricultural workers.
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Feldman SR, Vallejos QM, Quandt SA, Fleischer AB, Schulz MR, Verma A, Arcury TA. Health care utilization among migrant Latino farmworkers: the case of skin disease. J Rural Health 2009; 25:98-103. [PMID: 19166568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2009.00205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Skin diseases are common occupational illnesses for migrant farmworkers. Farmworkers face many barriers in accessing health care resources. PURPOSE Framed by the Health Behavior Model, the purpose of this study was to assess health care utilization for skin disease by migrant Latino farmworkers. METHODS Three hundred and four migrant and seasonal Latino farmworkers in North Carolina were enrolled in a longitudinal study of skin disease and health care utilization over a single agricultural season. Self-reported and dermatologist-diagnosed skin condition data were collected at baseline and at up to 4 follow-up assessments. Medical visit rates were compared to national norms. FINDINGS Self-reported skin problems and diagnosed skin disease were common among farmworkers. However, only 34 health care visits were reported across the entire agricultural season, and none of the visits were for skin diseases. Nevertheless, self-treatment for skin conditions was common, including use of non-prescription preparations (63%), prescription products (9%), and home remedies (6%). General medical office visits were reported in 3.2% of the assessments, corresponding to 1.6 office visits per person year. CONCLUSIONS The migrant farmworker population consists largely of young men who make little use of clinic services. Skin conditions are very common among these workers, but use of medical services for these conditions is not common. Instead, farmworkers rely primarily on self-treatment. Clinic-based studies of farmworker skin conditions will not account for most injury or disease in this population and have the potential for biased estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Feldman
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1071, USA.
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