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Zeng Y, Fan N, Gu X, Zhang Y, Min W, Mao Q, Qian Q. Characteristics of gut microbiota and serum metabolism in patients with atopic dermatitis. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13792. [PMID: 38940462 PMCID: PMC11212066 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 15%-30% of children and 10% of adults globally, with its incidence being influenced by genetic, environmental, and various other factors. While the immune plays a crucial role in the development, the composition of gut microbiota and serum metabolites also contribute to its pathogenesis. SUBJECT Study the characteristics of gut microbiota and serum metabolites in patients with atopic dermatitis METHOD: In this study, we collected stool and serum samples from 28 AD patients and 23 healthy individuals (NC) for metagenomic sequencing of gut microbiota and non-targeted metabolomic sequencing of serum. RESULT Our results revealed a lower diversity of gut microbiota in the AD group compared to the NC group. The predominant Phylum in AD patients were Bacteroidetes, Pseudomonas, and Verrucomicrobia, with the most dominant bacterial genus being Faecalibacterium. At the species level, Prevotella copri and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were found to be the most abundant bacteria. Significant differences in serum metabolite profiles were observed between NC and AD patients, with noticeable variations in metabolite expression levels. The majority of metabolites in the serum of AD patients exhibited low expression, while a few showed high expression levels. Notably, metabolites such as Cholesterol glucuronide, Styrene, Lutein, Betaine, Phosphorylcholine, Taurine, and Creatinine displayed the most pronounced alterations. CONCLUSION These findings contribute to a further understanding of the complexities underlying this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zeng
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ni Fan
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Wei Min
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qiuyu Mao
- Department of DermatologyMinhang HospitalFudan UniversitShanghaiChina
| | - Qihong Qian
- Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Ramkissoon C, Gaskin S, Song Y, Pisaniello D, Zosky GR. From Engineered Stone Slab to Silicosis: A Synthesis of Exposure Science and Medical Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:683. [PMID: 38928930 PMCID: PMC11203299 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Engineered stone (ES) is a popular building product, due to its architectural versatility and generally lower cost. However, the fabrication of organic resin-based ES kitchen benchtops from slabs has been associated with alarming rates of silicosis among workers. In 2024, fifteen years after the first reported ES-related cases in the world, Australia became the first country to ban the use and importation of ES. A range of interacting factors are relevant for ES-associated silicosis, including ES material composition, characteristics of dust exposure and lung cell-particle response. In turn, these are influenced by consumer demand, work practices, particle size and chemistry, dust control measures, industry regulation and worker-related characteristics. This literature review provides an evidence synthesis using a narrative approach, with the themes of product, exposure and host. Exposure pathways and pathogenesis are explored. Apart from crystalline silica content, consideration is given to non-siliceous ES components such as resins and metals that may modify chemical interactions and disease risk. Preventive effort can be aligned with each theme and associated evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandnee Ramkissoon
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia; (S.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Sharyn Gaskin
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia; (S.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Yong Song
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; (Y.S.); (G.R.Z.)
| | - Dino Pisaniello
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia; (S.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Graeme R. Zosky
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; (Y.S.); (G.R.Z.)
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Ramkissoon C, Song Y, Yen S, Southam K, Page S, Pisaniello D, Gaskin S, Zosky GR. Understanding the pathogenesis of engineered stone-associated silicosis: The effect of particle chemistry on the lung cell response. Respirology 2024; 29:217-227. [PMID: 38043119 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The resurgence of severe and progressive silicosis among engineered stone benchtop industry workers is a global health crisis. We investigated the link between the physico-chemical characteristics of engineered stone dust and lung cell responses to understand components that pose the greatest risk. METHODS Respirable dust from 50 resin-based engineered stones, 3 natural stones and 2 non-resin-based materials was generated and analysed for mineralogy, morphology, metals, resin, particle size and charge. Human alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages were exposed in vitro to dust and assessed for cytotoxicity and inflammation. Principal component analysis and stepwise linear regression were used to explore the relationship between engineered stone components and the cellular response. RESULTS Cutting engineered stone generated fine particles of <600 nm. Crystalline silica was the main component with metal elements such as Ti, Cu, Co and Fe also present. There was some evidence to suggest differences in cytotoxicity (p = 0.061) and IL-6 (p = 0.084) between dust samples. However, IL-8 (CXCL8) and TNF-α levels in macrophages were clearly variable (p < 0.05). Quartz explained 11% of the variance (p = 0.019) in macrophage inflammation while Co and Al accounted for 32% of the variance (p < 0.001) in macrophage toxicity, suggesting that crystalline silica only partly explains the cell response. Two of the reduced-silica, non-engineered stone products induced considerable inflammation in macrophages. CONCLUSION These data suggest that silica is not the only component of concern in these products, highlighting the caution required as alternative materials are produced in an effort to reduce disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandnee Ramkissoon
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yong Song
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Seiha Yen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Katherine Southam
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Simone Page
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Dino Pisaniello
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sharyn Gaskin
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Zhao Z, Zhao Q, Zhou L, Wei Y, Lei B, Zhang H, Cai W. Layered double hydroxide nanosheets-built porous film-covered Au nanoarrays as enrichment and enhancement chips for efficient SERS detection of trace styrene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132156. [PMID: 37523958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Styrene, a prevalent volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is very harmful to atmosphere and humans. Consequently, the development of efficient detection technologies for styrene is of high importance, which is still in challenge! In this work, we crafted a layered double hydroxide (LDH) porous film-coated gold nanoarray, designed to act as a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) chip for the efficient and portable detection of gaseous styrene. This chip features a covering layer composed of cross-linked LDH nanosheets, notable for their porous structure and high specific surface area. When the covering layer is 100-300 nm in thickness, this composite chip has significant enrichment effect and strong SERS performance to gaseous styrene with a lowest detectable concentration below 1 ppb (4.64 ×10-3 mg/m3), and can response within 10 s, showing the rapid response and high sensitivity. Additionally, the chip has strong anti-interference capabilities and maintains excellent response to styrene, even in mixed benzene-VOCs gases. The exceptional SERS performances of this chip is ascribed to its LDH covering layer-induced styrene-enrichment and structurally-enhanced SERS performances. This study provides a simple route and practical chip for the rapid and ultrasensitive SERS-based detection of gaseous styrene, which is also potentially beneficial for the detection of other gaseous VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhao
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China.
| | - Le Zhou
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Yi Wei
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Biao Lei
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Hongwen Zhang
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Weiping Cai
- Key Lab of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Lab of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China.
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Min YS, Kim SY, Choi SK, Ahn YS. The Effect of Prior Mental Health on Persistent Physical Symptoms after Exposure to a Chemical Disaster. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11071004. [PMID: 37046932 PMCID: PMC10094456 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11071004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A styrene monomer (SM) oil vapor leak occurred at a chemical plant in Seosan, South Korea on 17 May 2019. A bad odor developed, and many residents complained of various symptoms and visited nearby medical institutions. We analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients treated at local hospitals and clinics for symptoms related to SM exposure, and identified factors affecting symptom persistence in any organ. Data were collected by the main Seosan office, and 1201 (33.0%) subjects agreed to participate in this study. We used the Assessment of Chemical Exposure toolkit of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Logistic regression was performed to determine whether mental health symptoms prior to the accident were risk factors for symptom persistence. The strongest risk factor for persistence of at least one symptom in any organ was a preexisting mental health symptom (odds ratio [OR] = 5.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.57–11.65). Persistent symptoms of the nervous (OR = 1.54), musculoskeletal (OR = 1.92), and gastrointestinal (OR = 1.45) systems were observed. Prior mental health symptoms are risk factors for persistent physical symptoms after a chemical disaster. After a disaster, management of individuals with preaccident mental symptoms or disease is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sun Min
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea;
| | - Soo-Young Kim
- Affiliated Clinic, LG Energy Solution, Cheongju 28122, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyeong Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Genomic Cohort Institute, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeon-Soon Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Genomic Cohort Institute, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
- Correspondence:
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Tanaka M, Inoue KI, Honda A, Miyasaka N, Koike E, Yanagisawa R, Takano H. Effects of styrene monomer on a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023:1-6. [PMID: 36605022 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2165944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Styrene monomer (SM) is a basic chemical used as a raw material for polystyrene and unsaturated polyester resins and in the production of synthetic resins, synthetic rubbers, paints, and adhesives. To date, it is unclear whether SM is associated with the aggravation of atopic dermatitis. The aim was to investigate the effects of SM on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions induced by mite allergen in NC/Nga mice.Methods: Male mice were injected intradermally with mite allergen on their right ears. In the presence of an allergen, SM (3.5 or 350 μg/animal/week) was administered by intraperitoneal injection. We evaluated clinical scores, ear thickening, histologic findings, and the protein expressions of cytokines and chemokines.Results: Macroscopic and microscopic examinations demonstrated that exposure to SM at a dose of 3.5 μg caused an exacerbation of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions related to mite allergen. These changes were consistent with the level of histamine in the ear tissue as an overall trend. In contrast, 350-μg SM did not show significant enhancement effects.Conclusion: These results indicate that SM exacerbated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions at hundred-fold lower levels than the level that causes no observed adverse effects as determined by histologic changes in rodent livers. SM could be at least partly responsible for the recent increase in atopic dermatitis.Impact statementStyrene monomer (SM) is classified as an International Agency for Research on Cancer group 2B carcinogen and includes neurotoxicity and respiratory disorders. However, the effects of SM as a chemical substance on existing allergic pathophysiology have not been elucidated yet. This study demonstrated that SM exacerbated murine atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions at hundred-fold lower levels than the level that causes no observed adverse effects as determined by histologic changes in rodent livers, which was concomitant with the local level of histamine. These data hasten a need for comprehensive research to clarify the chemical pollutants' effects of doses much lower than NOAEL on vulnerable pathophysiologies such as allergy/atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaka Tanaka
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Honda
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Natsuko Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiko Koike
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rie Yanagisawa
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan
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Hu Z, Yan B. A luminescent Eu@SOF film fabricated by electrophoretic deposition as ultrasensitive platform for styrene gas quantitative monitoring through fluorescence sensing and ANNs model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129865. [PMID: 36067558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Styrene is a harmful gas widely existing in the air, which can damage human organs. Therefore, it is very crucial to develop a sensitive, portable and simple sensor for monitoring styrene. Herein, we design and fabricate a luminescent Eu@TMA-ME/FTO film (F) through EPD method. F emits bright red light of Eu(III) ions and shows superior fluorescence response to styrene gas as a sensor, which enable real-time and quantitative monitoring for styrene gas. More importantly, F exhibits a linear response to styrene gas in a wide concentration range of 10-7 to 10-2 M and a low DL with 0.20 ppm. The efficient PET process to styrene induced by ME and the competitive absorption between styrene and F are responsible for the sensing mechanism. Besides, the detection of styrene solution is also investigated in deionized water, tap water and river water. For the further application, an intelligent ANNs model has been constructed to process the fluorescence sensing results, which can convert fluorescence sensing images to the concentration of styrene gas. The data demonstrates that ANNs model can accurately monitor the concentration of styrene gas via deep ML without tedious data processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqian Hu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Probabilistic human health risk assessment of 1,3-butadiene and styrene exposure using Monte Carlo simulation technique in the carpet production industry. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22103. [PMID: 36543865 PMCID: PMC9772311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals containing Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are commonly used in the machine carpet production. 1,3-butadiene and styrene are main components of the carpenter's glue used in carpet factories. Exposition to these chemicals can lead to a number of adverse health effects. This is the first study of the human health risk assessment due to inhalational exposure to 1,3-butadiene (BD) and styrene (ST) performed among workers in the carpet factories in Kashan city, Iran. The importance of the study was related with the fact of high popularity of carpet production in the South Asia countries. Inhalation exposure to BD and ST were measured based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 1024 and 1501 methods, respectively. The cancerogenic risk (CR) and non-cancerogenic risk described as Hazard Quotient (HQ) values were calculated based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method. The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis were performed by the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique. The average concentration measured of BD and ST during work shifts of employees were 0.039 mg m-3 (0.017 ppm) and 12.108 mg m-3 (2.84 ppm), respectively. The mean ± SD value of estimated cancerogenic risk in inhalation exposure to BD and ST were equal to 5.13 × 10-3 ± 3.85 × 10-4 and 1.44 × 10-3 ± 2.36 × 10-4, respectively exceeding the acceptable risk level of 10-6 defined by USEPA. The average non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values of BD and ST were equal to 8.50 × 100 and 5.13 × 100, respectively exceeding the acceptable risk level of 1. As the results of our studies exceeded both cancerogenic and non-carcinogenic risk values it indicates that adverse health effects due to inhalational exposure to BD and ST for workers in the machine carpet industry are very likely. To avoid negative health effects protective measures for employees in the factories should be introduced immediately and furher detailed research are recommended.
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Ramkissoon C, Gaskin S, Hall T, Pisaniello D, Zosky G. Engineered Stone Fabrication Work Releases Volatile Organic Compounds Classified as Lung Irritants. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 67:288-293. [PMID: 36239208 PMCID: PMC9923029 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered stones are often characterized for their crystalline silica content. Their organic composition, particularly that of the emissions generated during fabrication work using hand-held power tools, is relatively unexplored. We forensically screened the emissions from dry-cutting 12 engineered stone products in a test chamber for their organic composition by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) plus selected traditional capture and analysis techniques. Phthalic anhydride, which has a Respiratory Sensitization (RSEN) Notation by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), was the most common and abundant compound, at 26-85% of the total organic composition of engineered stone emissions. Benzaldehyde and styrene were also present in all twelve samples. During active cutting, the predominant volatile organic compound (VOC) emitted was styrene, with phthalic anhydride, benzene, ethylbenzene, and toluene also detected. These results have important health implications as styrene and phthalic anhydride are irritants to the respiratory tract. This study suggests a risk of concurrent exposure to high levels of respirable crystalline silica and organic lung irritants during engineered stone fabrication work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandnee Ramkissoon
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +610883134957; e-mail:
| | - Sharyn Gaskin
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5031, Australia
| | - Tony Hall
- Mawson Analytical Spectrometry Services, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Dino Pisaniello
- Adelaide Exposure Science and Health, School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5031, Australia
| | - Graeme Zosky
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
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Hua T, Kiran S, Li Y, Sang QXA. Microplastics exposure affects neural development of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical spheroids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128884. [PMID: 35483261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plastics have been part of our ecosystem for about a century and their degradation by different environmental factors produce secondary microplastics (MPs). To date, the impact of MPs on human health has not been well investigated. To understand the possible effects of polystyrene-MPs (PS-MPs) on the human brain, a 3D model of human forebrain cortical spheroids has been derived, which mimics early development of human cerebral cortex. The spheroids were exposed to 100, 50, and 5 µg/mL of 1 µm and 10 µm PS-MPs during day 4-10 and day 4-30. The short-term MP exposure showed the promoted proliferation and high gene expression of Nestin, PAX6, ATF4, HOXB4 and SOD2. For long-term exposure, reduced cell viability was observed. Moreover, changes in size and concentration of PS-MPs altered the gene expression of DNA damage and neural tissue patterning. In particular, β-tubulin III, Nestin, and TBR1/TBR2 gene expression decreased in PS-MP treated conditions compare to the untreated control. The results of this study suggest that the size- and concentration-dependent exposure to PS-MPs can adversely affect embryonic brain-like tissue development in forebrain cerebral spheroids. This study has significance in assessing environmental factors in neurotoxicity and degeneration in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hua
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Sonia Kiran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
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Compositional and structural analysis of engineered stones and inorganic particles in silicotic nodules of exposed workers. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:41. [PMID: 34809667 PMCID: PMC8607701 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Engineered stone silicosis is an emerging disease in many countries worldwide produced by the inhalation of respirable dust of engineered stone. This silicosis has a high incidence among young workers, with a short latency period and greater aggressiveness than silicosis caused by natural materials. Although the silica content is very high and this is the key factor, it has been postulated that other constituents in engineered stones can influence the aggressiveness of the disease. Different samples of engineered stone countertops (fabricated by workers during the years prior to their diagnoses), as well as seven lung samples from exposed patients, were analyzed by multiple techniques. Results The different countertops were composed of SiO2 in percentages between 87.9 and 99.6%, with variable relationships of quartz and cristobalite depending on the sample. The most abundant metals were Al, Na, Fe, Ca and Ti. The most frequent volatile organic compounds were styrene, toluene and m-xylene, and among the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenanthrene and naphthalene were detected in all samples. Patients were all males, between 26 and 46 years-old (average age: 36) at the moment of the diagnosis. They were exposed to the engineered stone an average time of 14 years. At diagnosis, only one patient had progressive massive fibrosis. After a follow-up period of 8 ± 3 years, four patients presented progressive massive fibrosis. Samples obtained from lung biopsies most frequently showed well or ill-defined nodules, composed of histiocytic cells and fibroblasts without central hyalinization. All tissue samples showed high proportion of Si and Al at the center of the nodules, becoming sparser at the periphery. Al to Si content ratios turned out to be higher than 1 in two of the studied cases. Correlation between Si and Al was very high (r = 0.93). Conclusion Some of the volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals detected in the studied countertop samples have been described as causative of lung inflammation and respiratory disease. Among inorganic constituents, aluminum has been a relevant component within the silicotic nodule, reaching atomic concentrations even higher than silicon in some cases. Such concentrations, both for silicon and aluminum showed a decreasing tendency from the center of the nodule towards its frontier.
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12
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Chen K, Gao Z, Sun J, Hou X, Chen J. A ratiometric fluorescent probe for the quantitative detection of styrene in air. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13037-13039. [PMID: 33001078 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A ratiometric fluorescent probe (N-butyl-4-(4-amino-styryl)-1,8-naphthalimide) was developed for the quantitative detection of styrene in air. The sensing mechanism was found to involve a Heck reaction between the pretreated probe (diazotization) and styrene. A probe solution absorption method was established to detect gaseous styrene quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials & Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenzhong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials & Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials & Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Xianfeng Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials & Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials & Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China.
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Stuck M, Krenz I, Schulze Kökelsum B, Boye S, Voit B, Lorenz R. Improving glass transition temperature of unsaturated polyester thermosets: Conventional unsaturated polyester resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Stuck
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Applied Science Münster Münster Germany
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden Dresden Germany
- Organische Chemie der Polymere Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Irina Krenz
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Applied Science Münster Münster Germany
| | | | - Susanne Boye
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden Dresden Germany
- Organische Chemie der Polymere Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Reinhard Lorenz
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Applied Science Münster Münster Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the diagnostic methods currently used in the study of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, with special emphasis on the most recent contributions published in the medical literature regarding the diagnosis of occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis (OHP). This review presents an update of the use of these diagnostic tests, a controversial issue among experts. RECENT FINDINGS In spite of the multiple attempts at systematization and the publication of expert consensus statements, standardizing and diagnostic methods and criteria remain particularly difficult. As a result, centers tend to rely on their own experience and establish diagnosis by consensus among their multidisciplinary teams. Though recommendable in many ways, this method presents significant limitations. SUMMARY Diagnosis of OHP should be made with a thorough clinical history of the symptoms and clinical signs as well as a meticulous review, if possible by an expert, of possible exposures in the working environment; a meticulous physical examination; high-resolution computed tomography of the thorax; serum determination of specific immunoglobuline Gs; bronchoalveolar lavage and possibly cryobiopsy; fungal culture; and, when appropriate, a specific inhalation challenge test with the suspected antigen.
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Chabros A, Gawdzik B. Methacrylate monomer as an alternative to styrene in typical polyester–styrene copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Chabros
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryMaria Curie‐Sklodowska University, Maria Curie‐Sklodowska Square 3 20‐031 Lublin Poland
| | - Barbara Gawdzik
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryMaria Curie‐Sklodowska University, Maria Curie‐Sklodowska Square 3 20‐031 Lublin Poland
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