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Chan ER, Benchek P, Miller G, Brustoski K, Schaffer A, Truitt B, Tag J, Freebairn L, Lewis BA, Stein CM, Iyengar SK. Importance of copy number variants in childhood apraxia of speech and other speech sound disorders. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1273. [PMID: 39369109 PMCID: PMC11455877 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a severe and rare form of speech sound disorder (SSD). CAS is typically sporadic, but may segregate in families with broader speech and language deficits. We hypothesize that genetic changes may be involved in the etiology of CAS. We conduct whole-genome sequencing in 27 families with CAS, 101 individuals in all. We identify 17 genomic regions including 19 unique copy number variants (CNVs). Three variants are shared across families, but the rest are unique; three events are de novo. In four families, siblings with milder phenotypes co-inherited the same CNVs, demonstrating variable expressivity. We independently validate eight CNVs using microarray technology and find many of these CNVs are present in children with milder forms of SSD. Bioinformatic investigation reveal four CNVs with substantial functional consequences (cytobands 2q24.3, 6p12.3-6p12.2, 11q23.2-11q23.3, and 16p11.2). These discoveries show that CNVs are a heterogeneous, but prevalent, cause of CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ricky Chan
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Penelope Benchek
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gabrielle Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kim Brustoski
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashleigh Schaffer
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Barbara Truitt
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jessica Tag
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lisa Freebairn
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Barbara A Lewis
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Catherine M Stein
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Sudha K Iyengar
- Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Paprocka J, Kaminiów K, Yetkin O, Tekturk P, Baykan B, Leiz S, Kluger G, Striano P. Clinical and epilepsy characteristics in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (4p-): A review. Seizure 2024; 116:14-23. [PMID: 36526544 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is araredisorderwithan estimated prevalence being around 1 in 50,000 births. The syndrome is caused by the deletion of a critical region (Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome Critical region- WHSCR) on chromosome 4p16.3. WHS is clinically characterized by pre-and postnatal growth restriction, hypotonia, intellectual disability, craniofacial dysmorphismand congenital fusion anomalies. The clinical aspects are variable due to the deletion size.Consistently, epilepsy is one of the major concerns for parents and professionals caring for children with WHS. Seizures tend to occur in over 90% of patients, with onset within the first 3 years of life, and a peak incidence at around 6-12 months of age. Approximately 20% of patients had the first seizure onset within the first 6 months of age, almost 50% at 6 to 12 months of age and about 25% later than 12 months of age. The main types of epileptic seizures occurring in patients with WHS were generalized tonic-clonic seizures (around 70%). These were followed by tonic spasms (20%); focal seizures with impaired awareness (12%) and clonicseizures in 7% of patients.Seizures are often triggered by fever, followed by infections of various systems. Particularly, half of WHS patients experience status epilepticus in the first years of life, which can be fatal. Due to limited number of reports on the topic of EEG abnormalities in epilepsy among WHS patients, it is difficult to determine whether there are any characteristic deviations for WHS. Although more than 300 persons with WHS have been reported in the literature, there is sparse knowledge about epilepsy and methods of its anti-seizure medication (ASM) management with an assessment of their effectiveness. The purpose of this systematic review is to briefly summarize achievements and advances in the field of epilepsy in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paprocka
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Konrad Kaminiów
- Students' Scientific Society, Pediatric Neurology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ozgun Yetkin
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Pınar Tekturk
- Child Neurology and Neurology Departments, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiy
| | - Betül Baykan
- Clinical Neurophysiology and Neurology Departments, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Steffen Leiz
- Neuropädiatrie, KinderklinikDritter Orden, München, Germany
| | - Gerhard Kluger
- Institute for Transition, Rehabilitation and Palliation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Center for Pediatric Neurology, Neurorehabilitation and Epileptology, Schoen KlinikVogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Germany
| | - Pasquale Striano
- IRCCS IstitutoGianninaGaslini", Genova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Lomeli C. S, Kristin B. A. Epigenetic regulation of craniofacial development and disease. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2271. [PMID: 37964651 PMCID: PMC10872612 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of the craniofacial complex relies on proper neural crest development. The gene regulatory networks (GRNs) and signaling pathways orchestrating this process have been extensively studied. These GRNs and signaling cascades are tightly regulated as alterations to any stage of neural crest development can lead to common congenital birth defects, including multiple syndromes affecting facial morphology as well as nonsyndromic facial defects, such as cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Epigenetic factors add a hierarchy to the regulation of transcriptional networks and influence the spatiotemporal activation or repression of specific gene regulatory cascades; however less is known about their exact mechanisms in controlling precise gene regulation. AIMS In this review, we discuss the role of epigenetic factors during neural crest development, specifically during craniofacial development and how compromised activities of these regulators contribute to congenital defects that affect the craniofacial complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shull Lomeli C.
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Artinger Kristin B.
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Pan L, Liang H, Meng Z, Wang J, Zhang R, Wu Y. Assessing the value of second-trimester nasal bone hypoplasia in predicting chromosomal abnormalities: a retrospective chromosomal microarray analysis of 351 fetuses. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 308:1263-1270. [PMID: 36269386 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the value of fetal nasal bone hypoplasia and other prenatal risk factors in predicting chromosomal abnormalities. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we collected data on singleton pregnancies diagnosed with fetal nasal bone hypoplasia during second-trimester ultrasound. Fetal karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) were performed, and pregnancy outcomes were assessed. The association between fetal nasal bone hypoplasia and chromosomal abnormalities was evaluated according to whether other prenatal risk factors were observed. RESULTS Our final analysis included 351 pregnancies, of which 62 (17.7%) fetuses had chromosomal abnormalities, including 36 cases of trisomy-21, six cases of trisomy-18, one case each of trisomy-13, and 47, XYY syndrome, and 18 cases of copy number variations (CNVs). Among the 243 cases of isolated nasal bone hypoplasia, 28 (11.5%) cases of chromosomal aberrations were identified. The incidence was significantly higher if other soft markers or structural abnormalities were simultaneously detected. Pregnancy was terminated in 43 aneuploid fetuses and nine fetuses detected with CNVs. The parents of the fetuses diagnosed with 47, XYY syndrome and the other nine CNVs chose to continue the pregnancy, and no abnormalities were detected in the newborns. Furthermore, we found that other prenatal risk factors should be considered in evaluating the likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses with nasal bone hypoplasia. CONCLUSIONS Nasal bone hypoplasia is a highly specific soft marker that is associated with multiple chromosomal abnormalities. The risk of chromosomal abnormalities increases when combined with structural abnormalities or increased nuchal translucency (NT). Chromosomal microarray analysis is a powerful prenatal test for chromosomal abnormalities, which may be warranted in fetuses with nasal bone hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518102, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Central Laboratory, Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518102, China
| | - Zhuo Meng
- Department of Medical Image Center, Medical Research Institute, Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518102, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Medical Research Institute, Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518102, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518102, China.
| | - Yong Wu
- Medical Research Institute, Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518102, China.
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Hsueh HW, Kao HJ, Chao CC, Hsueh SJ, Huang YN, Lin WJ, Su JP, Shy HT, Yeh TY, Lin CC, Kwok PY, Lee NC, Hsieh ST. Identification of an 85-kb Heterozygous 4p Microdeletion With Full Genome Analysis in Autosomal Dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200078. [PMID: 37346931 PMCID: PMC10281236 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a syndrome of a hereditary neurodegenerative condition affecting the peripheral nervous system and is a single gene disorder. Deep phenotyping coupled with advanced genetic techniques is critical in discovering new genetic defects of rare genetic disorders such as CMT. Methods We applied multidisciplinary investigations to examine the neurophysiology and nerve pathology in a family that fulfilled the diagnosis of CMT2. When phenotype-guided first-tier genetic tests and whole-exome sequencing did not yield a molecular diagnosis, we conducted full genome analysis by examining phased whole-genome sequencing and whole-genome optical mapping data to search for the causal variation. We then performed a systematic review to compare the reported patients with interstitial microdeletion in the short arm of chromosome 4. Results In this family with CMT2, we reported the discovery of a heterozygous 85-kb microdeletion in the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p16.3)[NC_000004.12:g.1733926_1819031del] spanning 3 genes [TACC3 (intron 6-exon 16), FGFR3 (total deletion), and LETM1 (intron 10-exon14)] that cosegregated with disease phenotypes in family members. The clinical features of peripheral nerve degeneration in our family are distinct from the well-known 4p microdeletion syndrome of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, in which brain involvement is the major phenotype. Discussion In summary, we used the full genome analysis approach to discover a new microdeletion in a family with CMT2. The deleted segment contains 3 genes (TACC3, FGFR3, and LETM1) that likely play a role in the pathogenesis of nerve degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh Wen Hsueh
- From the Department of Neurology (H.W.H., C.-C.C., Y.-N.H., S.-T.H.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (H.W.H., H.-T.S., T.-Y.Y., C.-C.L., S.-T.H.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (H.-J.K., W.-J.L., J.-P.S., P.-Y.K.), Academia Sinica, Taipei; Department of Neurology (S.-J.H.), National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch; Institute for Human Genetics (P.-Y.K.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Medical Genetics (N.-C.L.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Hsiao-Jung Kao
- From the Department of Neurology (H.W.H., C.-C.C., Y.-N.H., S.-T.H.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (H.W.H., H.-T.S., T.-Y.Y., C.-C.L., S.-T.H.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (H.-J.K., W.-J.L., J.-P.S., P.-Y.K.), Academia Sinica, Taipei; Department of Neurology (S.-J.H.), National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch; Institute for Human Genetics (P.-Y.K.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Medical Genetics (N.-C.L.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Chi-Chao Chao
- From the Department of Neurology (H.W.H., C.-C.C., Y.-N.H., S.-T.H.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (H.W.H., H.-T.S., T.-Y.Y., C.-C.L., S.-T.H.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (H.-J.K., W.-J.L., J.-P.S., P.-Y.K.), Academia Sinica, Taipei; Department of Neurology (S.-J.H.), National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch; Institute for Human Genetics (P.-Y.K.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Medical Genetics (N.-C.L.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Sung-Ju Hsueh
- From the Department of Neurology (H.W.H., C.-C.C., Y.-N.H., S.-T.H.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (H.W.H., H.-T.S., T.-Y.Y., C.-C.L., S.-T.H.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (H.-J.K., W.-J.L., J.-P.S., P.-Y.K.), Academia Sinica, Taipei; Department of Neurology (S.-J.H.), National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch; Institute for Human Genetics (P.-Y.K.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Medical Genetics (N.-C.L.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Yu-Ning Huang
- From the Department of Neurology (H.W.H., C.-C.C., Y.-N.H., S.-T.H.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (H.W.H., H.-T.S., T.-Y.Y., C.-C.L., S.-T.H.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (H.-J.K., W.-J.L., J.-P.S., P.-Y.K.), Academia Sinica, Taipei; Department of Neurology (S.-J.H.), National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch; Institute for Human Genetics (P.-Y.K.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Medical Genetics (N.-C.L.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Wan-Jia Lin
- From the Department of Neurology (H.W.H., C.-C.C., Y.-N.H., S.-T.H.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (H.W.H., H.-T.S., T.-Y.Y., C.-C.L., S.-T.H.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (H.-J.K., W.-J.L., J.-P.S., P.-Y.K.), Academia Sinica, Taipei; Department of Neurology (S.-J.H.), National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch; Institute for Human Genetics (P.-Y.K.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Medical Genetics (N.-C.L.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Jen-Ping Su
- From the Department of Neurology (H.W.H., C.-C.C., Y.-N.H., S.-T.H.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (H.W.H., H.-T.S., T.-Y.Y., C.-C.L., S.-T.H.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (H.-J.K., W.-J.L., J.-P.S., P.-Y.K.), Academia Sinica, Taipei; Department of Neurology (S.-J.H.), National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch; Institute for Human Genetics (P.-Y.K.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Medical Genetics (N.-C.L.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Horng-Tzer Shy
- From the Department of Neurology (H.W.H., C.-C.C., Y.-N.H., S.-T.H.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (H.W.H., H.-T.S., T.-Y.Y., C.-C.L., S.-T.H.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (H.-J.K., W.-J.L., J.-P.S., P.-Y.K.), Academia Sinica, Taipei; Department of Neurology (S.-J.H.), National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch; Institute for Human Genetics (P.-Y.K.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Medical Genetics (N.-C.L.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Ti-Yen Yeh
- From the Department of Neurology (H.W.H., C.-C.C., Y.-N.H., S.-T.H.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (H.W.H., H.-T.S., T.-Y.Y., C.-C.L., S.-T.H.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (H.-J.K., W.-J.L., J.-P.S., P.-Y.K.), Academia Sinica, Taipei; Department of Neurology (S.-J.H.), National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch; Institute for Human Genetics (P.-Y.K.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Medical Genetics (N.-C.L.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Cheng-Chen Lin
- From the Department of Neurology (H.W.H., C.-C.C., Y.-N.H., S.-T.H.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (H.W.H., H.-T.S., T.-Y.Y., C.-C.L., S.-T.H.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (H.-J.K., W.-J.L., J.-P.S., P.-Y.K.), Academia Sinica, Taipei; Department of Neurology (S.-J.H.), National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch; Institute for Human Genetics (P.-Y.K.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Medical Genetics (N.-C.L.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- From the Department of Neurology (H.W.H., C.-C.C., Y.-N.H., S.-T.H.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (H.W.H., H.-T.S., T.-Y.Y., C.-C.L., S.-T.H.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (H.-J.K., W.-J.L., J.-P.S., P.-Y.K.), Academia Sinica, Taipei; Department of Neurology (S.-J.H.), National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch; Institute for Human Genetics (P.-Y.K.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Medical Genetics (N.-C.L.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Ni-Chung Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (H.W.H., C.-C.C., Y.-N.H., S.-T.H.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (H.W.H., H.-T.S., T.-Y.Y., C.-C.L., S.-T.H.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (H.-J.K., W.-J.L., J.-P.S., P.-Y.K.), Academia Sinica, Taipei; Department of Neurology (S.-J.H.), National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch; Institute for Human Genetics (P.-Y.K.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Medical Genetics (N.-C.L.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- From the Department of Neurology (H.W.H., C.-C.C., Y.-N.H., S.-T.H.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (H.W.H., H.-T.S., T.-Y.Y., C.-C.L., S.-T.H.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine; Institute of Biomedical Sciences (H.-J.K., W.-J.L., J.-P.S., P.-Y.K.), Academia Sinica, Taipei; Department of Neurology (S.-J.H.), National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch; Institute for Human Genetics (P.-Y.K.), Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Medical Genetics (N.-C.L.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
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Murali M, Saloura V. Understanding the Roles of the NSD Protein Methyltransferases in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2013. [PMID: 36360250 PMCID: PMC9689908 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent non-skin cancer in the world. While immunotherapy has revolutionized the standard of care treatment in patients with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC, more than 70% of patients do not respond to this treatment, making the identification of novel therapeutic targets urgent. Recently, research endeavors have focused on how epigenetic modifications may affect tumor initiation and progression of HNSCC. The nuclear receptor binding SET domain (NSD) family of protein methyltransferases NSD1-NSD3 is of particular interest for HNSCC, with NSD1 and NSD3 being amongst the most commonly mutated or amplified genes respectively in HNSCC. Preclinical studies have identified both oncogenic and tumor-suppressing properties across NSD1, NSD2, and NSD3 within the context of HNSCC. The purpose of this review is to provide a better understanding of the contribution of the NSD family of protein methyltransferases to the pathogenesis of HNSCC, underscoring their promise as novel therapeutic targets in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Murali
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- School of Medicine, The University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64018, USA
| | - Vassiliki Saloura
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Dao P, Hajny S, Mekis R, Orel L, Dinhopl N, Tessmar-Raible K, Nowikovsky K. The cation exchanger Letm1, circadian rhythms, and NAD(H) levels interconnect in diurnal zebrafish. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202101194. [PMID: 35697381 PMCID: PMC9191620 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are fundamental for life and require balanced ion exchange to maintain proper functioning. The mitochondrial cation exchanger LETM1 sparks interest because of its pathophysiological role in seizures in the Wolf Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS). Despite observation of sleep disorganization in epileptic WHS patients, and growing studies linking mitochondria and epilepsy to circadian rhythms, LETM1 has not been studied from the chronobiological perspective. Here we established a viable letm1 knock-out, using the diurnal vertebrate Danio rerio to study the metabolic and chronobiological consequences of letm1 deficiency. We report diurnal rhythms of Letm1 protein levels in wild-type fish. We show that mitochondrial nucleotide metabolism is deregulated in letm1-/- mutant fish, the rate-limiting enzyme of NAD+ production is up-regulated, while NAD+ and NADH pools are reduced. These changes were associated with increased expression amplitude of circadian core clock genes in letm1-/- compared with wild-type under light/dark conditions, suggesting decreased NAD(H) levels as a possible mechanism for circadian system perturbation in Letm1 deficiency. Replenishing NAD pool may ameliorate WHS-associated sleep and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Dao
- Max F Perutz Laboratories, Research Platform Rhythms of Life, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Hajny
- Max F Perutz Laboratories, Research Platform Rhythms of Life, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ronald Mekis
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Orel
- Max F Perutz Laboratories, Research Platform Rhythms of Life, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Dinhopl
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristin Tessmar-Raible
- Max F Perutz Laboratories, Research Platform Rhythms of Life, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Nowikovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Wiel LC, Bruno I, Barbi E, Sirchia F. From Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome to NSD2 haploinsufficiency: a shifting paradigm through the description of a new case and a review of the literature. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:72. [PMID: 35550183 PMCID: PMC9097050 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01267-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a well-defined disorder, whose core phenotype encompasses growth restriction, facial gestalt, intellectual disability and seizures. Nevertheless, great phenotypic variability exists due to the variable extent of the responsible 4p deletion. In addition, exome sequencing analyses, recently identified two genes, namely NSD2 and NELFA, whose loss-of-function variants contribute to a clinical spectrum consistent with atypical or partial WHS. The observation of patients exhibiting clinical features resembling WHS, with only mild developmental delay and without the typical dysmorphic features, carrying microdeletions sparing NSD2, has lead to the hypothesis that NSD2 is responsible for the intellectual disability and the facial gestalt of WHS. While presenting some of the typical findings of WHS (intellectual disability, facial gestalt, microcephaly, growth restriction and congenital heart defects), NSD2-deleted children tend to display a milder spectrum of skeletal abnormalities, usually consisting of clinodactyly, and do not exhibit seizures. We describe the clinical picture of a child with WHS due to a de novo mutation of NSD2 and discuss the clinical and diagnostic implications. Case presentation A 6-year-old boy was evaluated for a history of intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, neonatal hypotonia, and psychomotor delay. No episodes of seizure were reported. At physical examination, he displayed marphanoid habitus, muscle hypotrophy and facial dysmorphisms consisting in high frontal hairline, upslanting palpebral fissures and full lips with bifid ugula. Cryptorchidism, shawl scrotum, mild clinodactyly of the right little finger and bilateral syndactyly of the II and III toes with sandal gap were also noted. The radiographic essay demonstrated delayed bone age and echocardiography showed mild mitral prolapse. Whole genome sequencing analysis revealed a heterozygous de novo variant of NSD2 (c.2523delG). Conclusions Full WHS phenotype likely arises from the cumulative effect of the combined haploinsufficiency of several causative genes mapping within the 4p16.3 region, as a contiguous genes syndrome, with slightly different phenotypes depending on the specific genes involved in the deletion. When evaluating children with pictures resembling WHS, in absence of seizures, clinicians should consider this differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Bruno
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Egidio Barbi
- University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Sirchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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9
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Distinct Epileptogenic Mechanisms Associated with Seizures in Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3159-3169. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Battaglia A, Carey JC. The delineation of the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome over six decades: Illustration of the ongoing advances in phenotype analysis and cytogenomic technology. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2748-2755. [PMID: 34002939 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Since Hirschhorn's description in 1961, the history and chronology of the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular characterization of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) elegantly demonstrates the remarkable advances in genetic technology over the last six decades that have paralleled the delineation of the phenotype. After mention in the Human Chromosome Newsletter of a child with a visible deletion of the top of a B chromosome group, 4-5, Hirschhorn and colleagues companioned their report with that of Wolf et al. in Humangenetik in 1965, and the condition was recognized and named. The 1960-1970s witnessed the description of many of the now classic chromosome disorders, including WHS, while HRB allowed for the recognition of chromosome syndromes with smaller deletions/duplications. FISH probes, developed in the next two decades, enabled the characterization of the critical region of WHS and improved clinical diagnosis with subtelomeric probes. Cytogenomic microarray in the early-mid 2000s led to both improved diagnosis of WHS patients and documentation of microdeletions of <5 megabases, helping to characterize the critical regions for specific component phenotypes (e.g., seizures, face). Recently exome sequencing technology has led to the discovery of WHS patients with WHSC1 loss of function variants, displaying some cardinal features of the phenotype (face, growth, and developmental delay).
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatino Battaglia
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - John C Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, Utah, USA
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11
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Loss-of-function and missense variants in NSD2 cause decreased methylation activity and are associated with a distinct developmental phenotype. Genet Med 2021; 23:1474-1483. [PMID: 33941880 PMCID: PMC8354849 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite a few recent reports of patients harboring truncating variants in NSD2, a gene considered critical for the Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) phenotype, the clinical spectrum associated with NSD2 pathogenic variants remains poorly understood. Methods We collected a comprehensive series of 18 unpublished patients carrying heterozygous missense, elongating, or truncating NSD2 variants; compared their clinical data to the typical WHS phenotype after pooling them with ten previously described patients; and assessed the underlying molecular mechanism by structural modeling and measuring methylation activity in vitro. Results The core NSD2-associated phenotype includes mostly mild developmental delay, prenatal-onset growth retardation, low body mass index, and characteristic facial features distinct from WHS. Patients carrying missense variants were significantly taller and had more frequent behavioral/psychological issues compared with those harboring truncating variants. Structural in silico modeling suggested interference with NSD2’s folding and function for all missense variants in known structures. In vitro testing showed reduced methylation activity and failure to reconstitute H3K36me2 in NSD2 knockout cells for most missense variants. Conclusion NSD2 loss-of-function variants lead to a distinct, rather mild phenotype partially overlapping with WHS. To avoid confusion for patients, NSD2 deficiency may be named Rauch–Steindl syndrome after the delineators of this phenotype.
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12
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Farhangdoost N, Horth C, Hu B, Bareke E, Chen X, Li Y, Coradin M, Garcia BA, Lu C, Majewski J. Chromatin dysregulation associated with NSD1 mutation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108769. [PMID: 33626351 PMCID: PMC8006058 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin dysregulation has emerged as an important mechanism of oncogenesis. To develop targeted treatments, it is important to understand the transcriptomic consequences of mutations in chromatin modifier genes. Recently, mutations in the histone methyltransferase gene nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1 (NSD1) have been identified in a subset of common and deadly head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Here, we use genome-wide approaches and genome editing to dissect the downstream effects of loss of NSD1 in HNSCC. We demonstrate that NSD1 mutations are responsible for loss of intergenic H3K36me2 domains, followed by loss of DNA methylation and gain of H3K27me3 in the affected genomic regions. In addition, those regions are enriched in cis-regulatory elements, and subsequent loss of H3K27ac correlates with reduced expression of their target genes. Our analysis identifies genes and pathways affected by the loss of NSD1 and paves the way to further understanding the interplay among chromatin modifications in cancer. Farhangdoost et al. use genome editing and TCGA primary tumor data to provide a link between NSD1 loss, chromatin and regulatory landscape, gene expression, and molecular characteristics of this tumor subtype. Their study extends the understanding of tumorigenic mechanisms underlying head and neck cancers with mutations in NSD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargess Farhangdoost
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Cynthia Horth
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Eric Bareke
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yinglu Li
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mariel Coradin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.
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13
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Mekkawy MK, Kamel AK, Thomas MM, Ashaat EA, Zaki MS, Eid OM, Ismail S, Hammad SA, Megahed H, ElAwady H, Refaat KM, Hussien S, Helmy N, Abd Allah SG, Mohamed AM, El Ruby MO. Clinical and genetic characterization of ten Egyptian patients with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome and review of literature. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 9:e1546. [PMID: 33217222 PMCID: PMC8077161 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) (OMIM 194190) is a multiple congenital anomalies/intellectual disability syndrome. It is caused by partial loss of genetic material from the distal portion of the short arm of chromosome. Methods We studied the phenotype–genotype correlation. Results We present the clinical manifestations and cytogenetic results of 10 unrelated Egyptian patients with 4p deletions. Karyotyping, FISH and MLPA was performed for screening for microdeletion syndromes. Array CGH was done for two patients. All patients exhibited the cardinal clinical manifestation of WHS. FISH proved deletion of the specific WHS locus in all patients. MLPA detected microdeletion of the specific locus in two patients with normal karyotypes, while array CGH, performed for two patients, has delineated the extent of the deleted segments and the involved genes. LETM1, the main candidate gene for the seizure phenotype, was found deleted in the two patients tested by array CGH; nevertheless, one of them did not manifest seizures. The study emphasized the previous. Conclusion WHS is a contiguous gene syndrome resulting from hemizygosity of the terminal 2 Mb of 4p16.3 region. The Branchial fistula, detected in one of our patients is a new finding that, to our knowledge, was not reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona K Mekkawy
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa K Kamel
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal M Thomas
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy A Ashaat
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola M Eid
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samira Ismail
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saida A Hammad
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hisham Megahed
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba ElAwady
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum unIversity, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Refaat
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Hussien
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nivine Helmy
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally G Abd Allah
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal M Mohamed
- Human Cytogenetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona O El Ruby
- Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Nevado J, Ho KS, Zollino M, Blanco R, Cobaleda C, Golzio C, Beaudry‐Bellefeuille I, Berrocoso S, Limeres J, Barrúz P, Serrano‐Martín C, Cafiero C, Málaga I, Marangi G, Campos‐Sánchez E, Moriyón‐Iglesias T, Márquez S, Markham L, Twede H, Lortz A, Olson L, Sheng X, Weng C, Wassman ER, Newcomb T, Wassman ER, Carey JC, Battaglia A, López‐Granados E, Douglas D, Lapunzina P. International meeting on Wolf‐Hirschhorn syndrome: Update on the nosology and new insights on the pathogenic mechanisms for seizures and growth delay. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:257-267. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julián Nevado
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Basic Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER) Madrid Spain
| | - Karen S. Ho
- Lineagen, Inc. Salt Lake City Utah
- University of Utah School of Medicine Utah
- Hopeful Science, Inc. Salt Lake City Utah
| | - Marcella Zollino
- Institute of Genomic Medicine Catholic University, A. Gemelli Foundation Rome Italy
| | - Raquel Blanco
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - César Cobaleda
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa,” CSIC/UAM Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - Sarah Berrocoso
- Neuro‐e‐Motion Research Team—University of Deusto Bilbao Spain
| | - Jacobo Limeres
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Santiago Galicia Spain
| | - Pilar Barrúz
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
| | - Candela Serrano‐Martín
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Santiago Galicia Spain
| | - Concetta Cafiero
- Institute of Genomic Medicine Catholic University, A. Gemelli Foundation Rome Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Marangi
- Institute of Genomic Medicine Catholic University, A. Gemelli Foundation Rome Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cindy Weng
- University of Utah School of Medicine Utah
| | | | | | | | | | - Agatino Battaglia
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation Pisa Italy
| | | | - Damien Douglas
- Wolf‐Hirschhorn Syndrome Trust of the UK and Ireland, Dublin UK
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Basic Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER) Madrid Spain
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15
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Mills A, Bearce E, Cella R, Kim SW, Selig M, Lee S, Lowery LA. Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome-Associated Genes Are Enriched in Motile Neural Crest Cells and Affect Craniofacial Development in Xenopus laevis. Front Physiol 2019; 10:431. [PMID: 31031646 PMCID: PMC6474402 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS) is a human developmental disorder arising from a hemizygous perturbation, typically a microdeletion, on the short arm of chromosome four. In addition to pronounced intellectual disability, seizures, and delayed growth, WHS presents with a characteristic facial dysmorphism and varying prevalence of microcephaly, micrognathia, cartilage malformation in the ear and nose, and facial asymmetries. These affected craniofacial tissues all derive from a shared embryonic precursor, the cranial neural crest (CNC), inviting the hypothesis that one or more WHS-affected genes may be critical regulators of neural crest development or migration. To explore this, we characterized expression of multiple genes within or immediately proximal to defined WHS critical regions, across the span of craniofacial development in the vertebrate model system Xenopus laevis. This subset of genes, whsc1, whsc2, letm1, and tacc3, are diverse in their currently-elucidated cellular functions; yet we find that their expression demonstrates shared tissue-specific enrichment within the anterior neural tube, migratory neural crest, and later craniofacial structures. We examine the ramifications of this by characterizing craniofacial development and neural crest migration following individual gene depletion. We observe that several WHS-associated genes significantly impact facial patterning, cartilage formation, neural crest motility in vivo and in vitro, and can separately contribute to forebrain scaling. Thus, we have determined that numerous genes within and surrounding the defined WHS critical regions potently impact craniofacial patterning, suggesting their role in WHS presentation may stem from essential functions during neural crest-derived tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mills
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Bearce
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Rachael Cella
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Seung Woo Kim
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Megan Selig
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Sangmook Lee
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Laura Anne Lowery
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
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16
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Li Y, Tran Q, Shrestha R, Piao L, Park S, Park J, Park J. LETM1 is required for mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular viability (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3367-3375. [PMID: 30896806 PMCID: PMC6471456 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1) has been identified as the gene responsible for Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS), which is characterized by intellectual disability, epilepsy, growth delay and craniofacial dysgenesis. LETM1 is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that encodes a homolog of the yeast protein Mdm38, which is involved in mitochondrial morphology. In the present review, the importance of LETM1 in WHS and its role within the mitochondrion was explored. LETM1 governs the mitochondrion ion channel and is involved in mitochondrial respiration. Recent studies have reported that LETM1 acts as a mitochondrial Ca2+/H+ antiporter. LETM1 has also been identified as a K+/H+ exchanger, and serves a role in Mg2+ homeostasis. The function of LETM1 in mitochondria regulation is regulated by its binding partners, carboxyl-terminal modulator protein and mitochondrial ribosomal protein L36. Therefore, we describe the remarkable role of LETM1 in mitochondrial network physiology and its function in mitochondrion-mediated cell death. In the context of these findings, we suggest that the participation of LETM1 in tumorigenesis through the alteration of cancer metabolism should be investigated. This review provides a comprehensive description of LETM1 function, which is required for mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Quangdon Tran
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Robin Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Longzhen Piao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, P.R. China
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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17
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Molecular Mechanisms of Leucine Zipper EF-Hand Containing Transmembrane Protein-1 Function in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020286. [PMID: 30642051 PMCID: PMC6358941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake shapes cytosolic Ca2+ signals involved in countless cellular processes and more directly regulates numerous mitochondrial functions including ATP production, autophagy and apoptosis. Given the intimate link to both life and death processes, it is imperative that mitochondria tightly regulate intramitochondrial Ca2+ levels with a high degree of precision. Among the Ca2+ handling tools of mitochondria, the leucine zipper EF-hand containing transmembrane protein-1 (LETM1) is a transporter protein localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane shown to constitute a Ca2+/H+ exchanger activity. The significance of LETM1 to mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation is evident from Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome patients that harbor a haplodeficiency in LETM1 expression, leading to dysfunctional mitochondrial Ca2+ handling and from numerous types of cancer cells that show an upregulation of LETM1 expression. Despite the significance of LETM1 to cell physiology and pathophysiology, the molecular mechanisms of LETM1 function remain poorly defined. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current understanding of LETM1 structure and function and pinpoint the knowledge gaps that need to be filled in order to unravel the underlying mechanistic basis for LETM1 function.
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18
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Boczek NJ, Lahner CA, Nguyen TM, Ferber MJ, Hasadsri L, Thorland EC, Niu Z, Gavrilova RH. Developmental delay and failure to thrive associated with a loss-of-function variant in WHSC1 (NSD2). Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2798-2802. [PMID: 30345613 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a microdeletion syndrome characterized by distinctive facial features consisting of "Greek warrior helmet" appearance, prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, developmental disability, and seizures. This disorder is caused by heterozygous deletions on chromosome 4p16.3 often identified by cytogenetic techniques. Many groups have attempted to identify the critical region within this deletion to establish which genes are responsible for WHS. Herein, clinical whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on a child with developmental delays, mild facial dysmorphisms, short stature, failure to thrive, and microcephaly, and revealed a de novo frameshift variant, c.1676_1679del (p.Arg559Tfs*38), in WHSC1 (NSD2). While WHSC1 falls within the WHS critical region, individuals with only disruption of this gene have only recently been described in the literature. Loss-of-function de novo variations in WHSC1 were identified in large developmental delay, autism, diagnostic, and congenital cardiac cohorts, as well as recent case reports, suggesting that de novo loss-of-function WHSC1 variants may be related to disease. These findings, along with our patient suggest that loss-of-function variation in WHSC1 may lead to a mild form of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, and also may suggest that the developmental delays, facial dysmorphisms, and short stature seen in WHS may be due to disruption of WHSC1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Boczek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carrie A Lahner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thuy-Mi Nguyen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matthew J Ferber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Linda Hasadsri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Erik C Thorland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zhiyv Niu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ralitza H Gavrilova
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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19
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Bernardini L, Radio FC, Acquaviva F, Gorgone C, Postorivo D, Torres B, Alesi V, Magliozzi M, Lonardo F, Monica MD, Nardone AM, Cesario C, Mattina T, Scarano G, Dallapiccola B, Digilio MC, Novelli A. Small 4p16.3 deletions: Three additional patients and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2501-2508. [PMID: 30244530 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome is a well-defined disorder due to 4p16.3 deletion, characterized by distinct facial features, intellectual disability, prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, and seizures. Genotype-phenotype correlations based on differently sized deletions have been attempted, and some candidate genes have been suggested. We report on clinical characteristics of three patients with pure interstitial submicroscopic 4p16.3 deletions, ranging in size from 68 to 166 kb, involving WHSCR1 and/or part of WHSCR2, and review published cases with overlapping 4p16.3 losses. The present study highlights a major role of NSD2 gene in the pathogenesis of the WHS main features and predicts that loss-of-function mutations affecting NSD2 gene could result in microcephaly, prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, psychomotor and language delay, and craniofacial features. Absent seizures in all subjects corroborate the suggestion that this specific feature is causally linked with at least one additional causative gene. Finally, we suggest that mir-943 could play a role in the pathogenesis of CHD in some of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bernardini
- Cytogenetics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesca C Radio
- Medical Genetics Unit and Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Acquaviva
- Medical Genetics Unit, A.O.R.N. "G. Rummo", Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Diana Postorivo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Torres
- Cytogenetics Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Viola Alesi
- Medical Genetics Unit and Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Monia Magliozzi
- Medical Genetics Unit and Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Della Monica
- Medical Genetics and Laboratory of Medical Genetics Unit, A.O. "Antonio Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna M Nardone
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cesario
- Medical Genetics Unit and Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Medical Genetics Unit and Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria C Digilio
- Medical Genetics Unit and Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Medical Genetics Unit and Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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20
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Zollino M, Doronzio PN. Dissecting the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome phenotype: WHSC1 is a neurodevelopmental gene contributing to growth delay, intellectual disability, and to the facial dysmorphism. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:859-861. [PMID: 29884796 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Zollino
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University, A. Gemelli Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Lozier ER, Konovalov FA, Kanivets IV, Pyankov DV, Koshkin PA, Baleva LS, Sipyagina AE, Yakusheva EN, Kuchina AE, Korostelev SA. De novo nonsense mutation in WHSC1 (NSD2) in patient with intellectual disability and dysmorphic features. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:919-922. [PMID: 29760529 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability is the most common developmental disorder caused by chromosomal aberrations as well as single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions/deletions (indels). Here we report identification of a novel, probably pathogenic mutation in the WHSC1 gene in a patient case with phenotype overlapping the features of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Deletions involving WHSC1 (Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 gene) were described earlier in patients with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. However, to our knowledge, single-point mutations in WHSC1 associated with any intellectual deficiency syndromes have not been reported. Using whole exome sequencing, we found a de novo nonsense mutation in WHSC1 (c.3412C>T, p.Arg1138Ter, NM_001042424.2) in patient with syndromic intellectual disability. This finding is challenging regarding a possible causative role of WHSC1 in intellectual disability syndromes, specifically Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. From the clinical standpoint, our finding suggests that next-generation sequencing along with chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) might be useful in genetic testing for patients with intellectual disability and dysmorphic features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Larisa S Baleva
- Scientific Clinical Institute of Pirogov Pediatric Russian National Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla E Sipyagina
- Scientific Clinical Institute of Pirogov Pediatric Russian National Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N Yakusheva
- Scientific Clinical Institute of Pirogov Pediatric Russian National Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya E Kuchina
- Scientific Clinical Institute of Pirogov Pediatric Russian National Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Mbuyi-Musanzayi S, Lumaka A, Kasole TL, Ilunga EK, Asani BY, Tshilobo PL, Muenze PK, Reychler H, Katombe FT, Devriendt K. Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome: Clinical and Genetic Data from a First Case Diagnosed in Central Africa. J Pediatr Genet 2017; 6:186-190. [PMID: 28794913 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1599194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a multiple congenital anomaly-intellectual disability syndrome caused by a deletion involving chromosome 4p16.3. We report clinical and genetic findings of the first WHS patient diagnosed in central Africa. This boy who presented with cleft palate, microcephaly, severe growth delay, and intellectual disability was 12 years old. Typical craniofacial features were present, though the characteristic "Greek helmet" appearance of the nose was less evident, probably reflecting a variable expression related to the genetic background. The clinical diagnosis of WHS was confirmed by array CGH, which revealed a terminal 4p16.3 deletion of 3.47 Mb, typically associated with a milder phenotype, contributing to the long survival of this child in a developing country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Mbuyi-Musanzayi
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo.,Center for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo
| | - Aimé Lumaka
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kin XI, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Center for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kin XI, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Toni Lubala Kasole
- Center for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo
| | - Erick Kasamba Ilunga
- Center for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo.,Department of Basic sciences, University Hospital, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo
| | - Bienvenu Yogolelo Asani
- Center for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo
| | - Prosper Lukusa Tshilobo
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kin XI, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Center for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kin XI, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Prosper Kalenga Muenze
- Center for Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo.,Department of Basic sciences, University Hospital, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo.,Department of Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DR Congo
| | - Hervé Reychler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, University Hospital, UC Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Rutherford EL, Lowery LA. Exploring the developmental mechanisms underlying Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome: Evidence for defects in neural crest cell migration. Dev Biol 2016; 420:1-10. [PMID: 27777068 PMCID: PMC5193094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mental retardation, craniofacial malformation, and defects in skeletal and heart development. The syndrome is associated with irregularities on the short arm of chromosome 4, including deletions of varying sizes and microduplications. Many of these genotypic aberrations in humans have been correlated with the classic WHS phenotype, and animal models have provided a context for mapping these genetic irregularities to specific phenotypes; however, there remains a significant knowledge gap concerning the cell biological mechanisms underlying these phenotypes. This review summarizes literature that has made recent contributions to this topic, drawing from the vast body of knowledge detailing the genetic particularities of the disorder and the more limited pool of information on its cell biology. Finally, we propose a novel characterization for WHS as a pathophysiology owing in part to defects in neural crest cell motility and migration during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Rutherford
- Boston College, Department of Biology, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | - Laura Anne Lowery
- Boston College, Department of Biology, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States.
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24
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Ho KS, South ST, Lortz A, Hensel CH, Sdano MR, Vanzo RJ, Martin MM, Peiffer A, Lambert CG, Calhoun A, Carey JC, Battaglia A. Chromosomal microarray testing identifies a 4p terminal region associated with seizures in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. J Med Genet 2016; 53:256-63. [PMID: 26747863 PMCID: PMC4819617 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene deletion syndrome involving variable size deletions of the 4p16.3 region. Seizures are frequently, but not always, associated with WHS. We hypothesised that the size and location of the deleted region may correlate with seizure presentation. Methods Using chromosomal microarray analysis, we finely mapped the breakpoints of copy number variants (CNVs) in 48 individuals with WHS. Seizure phenotype data were collected through parent-reported answers to a comprehensive questionnaire and supplemented with available medical records. Results We observed a significant correlation between the presence of an interstitial 4p deletion and lack of a seizure phenotype (Fisher's exact test p=3.59e-6). In our cohort, there were five individuals with interstitial deletions with a distal breakpoint at least 751 kbp proximal to the 4p terminus. Four of these individuals have never had an observable seizure, and the fifth individual had a single febrile seizure at the age of 1.5 years. All other individuals in our cohort whose deletions encompass the terminal 751 kbp region report having seizures typical of WHS. Additional examples from the literature corroborate these observations and further refine the candidate seizure susceptibility region to a region 197 kbp in size, starting 368 kbp from the terminus of chromosome 4. Conclusions We identify a small terminal region of chromosome 4p that represents a seizure susceptibility region. Deletion of this region in the context of WHS is sufficient for seizure occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Ho
- Lineagen, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sarah T South
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Peiffer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Christophe G Lambert
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Amy Calhoun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John C Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Agatino Battaglia
- Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Pisa, Italy
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25
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Yenush L. Potassium and Sodium Transport in Yeast. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 892:187-228. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25304-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Matoso E, Ramos F, Ferrão J, Pires LM, Mascarenhas A, Melo JB, Carreira IM. Interstitial 287 kb deletion of 4p16.3 including FGFRL1 gene associated with language impairment and overgrowth. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:87. [PMID: 25506393 PMCID: PMC4265458 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-014-0087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a male patient with developmental delay carrying an interstitial 4p16.3 deletion of 287 kb, disclosed by oligo array-CGH and inherited from his father with a similar but milder phenotype. This deletion is distal to the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical regions, but includes the FGFRL1 gene proposed to be a plausible candidate for part of the craniofacial characteristics of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome patients. However, the proband lacks the typical facial appearance of the syndrome, but exhibits overgrowth, dysfunction of temporomandibular articulation and a bicuspid aortic valve. Given the pattern of expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 and its involvement in bone and cartilage formation as well as in heart valve morphogenesis, we discuss the impact of its haploinsufficiency in the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Matoso
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal ; Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal ; CIMAGO - Centro de Investigação em Meio Ambiente, Genética e Oncobiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fabiana Ramos
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Ferrão
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís M Pires
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Mascarenhas
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana B Melo
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal ; CIMAGO - Centro de Investigação em Meio Ambiente, Genética e Oncobiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel M Carreira
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Pólo Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal ; CIMAGO - Centro de Investigação em Meio Ambiente, Genética e Oncobiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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27
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Wenger TL, Harr M, Ricciardi S, Bhoj E, Santani A, Adam MP, Barnett SS, Ganetzky R, McDonald-McGinn DM, Battaglia D, Bigoni S, Selicorni A, Sorge G, Monica MD, Mari F, Andreucci E, Romano S, Cocchi G, Savasta S, Malbora B, Marangi G, Garavelli L, Zollino M, Zackai EH. CHARGE-like presentation, craniosynostosis and mild Mowat-Wilson Syndrome diagnosed by recognition of the distinctive facial gestalt in a cohort of 28 new cases. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2557-66. [PMID: 25123255 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) is characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability and distinctive facial features in association with variable structural congenital anomalies/clinical features including congenital heart disease, Hirschsprung disease, hypospadias, agenesis of the corpus callosum, short stature, epilepsy, and microcephaly. Less common clinical features include ocular anomalies, craniosynostosis, mild intellectual disability, and choanal atresia. These cases may be more difficult to diagnose. In this report, we add 28 MWS patients with molecular confirmation of ZEB2 mutation, including seven with an uncommon presenting feature. Among the "unusual" patients, two patients had clinical features of charge syndrome including choanal atresia, coloboma, cardiac defects, genitourinary anomaly (1/2), and severe intellectual disability; two patients had craniosynostosis; and three patients had mild intellectual disability. Sixteen patients have previously-unreported mutations in ZEB2. Genotype-phenotype correlations were suggested in those with mild intellectual disability (two had a novel missense mutation in ZEB2, one with novel splice site mutation). This report increases the number of reported patients with MWS with unusual features, and is the first report of MWS in children previously thought to have CHARGE syndrome. These patients highlight the importance of facial gestalt in the accurate identification of MWS when less common features are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Wenger
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
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28
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Hart L, Rauch A, Carr AM, Vermeesch JR, O’Driscoll M. LETM1 haploinsufficiency causes mitochondrial defects in cells from humans with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome: implications for dissecting the underlying pathomechanisms in this condition. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:535-45. [PMID: 24626991 PMCID: PMC4007405 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.014464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) represents an archetypical example of a contiguous gene deletion disorder - a condition comprising a complex set of developmental phenotypes with a multigenic origin. Epileptic seizures, intellectual disability, growth restriction, motor delay and hypotonia are major co-morbidities in WHS. Haploinsufficiency of LETM1, which encodes a mitochondrial inner-membrane protein functioning in ion transport, has been proposed as an underlying pathomechanism, principally for seizures but also for other core features of WHS, including growth and motor delay. Growing evidence derived from several model organisms suggests that reduced LETM1 expression is associated with some element of mitochondrial dysfunction. Surprisingly, LETM1-dependent mitochondrial functional deficits have not previously been described in cells from individuals with WHS. Here, using a unique panel of WHS-patient-derived cell lines with deletions of differing sizes, incorporating LETM1 or not, we show, for the first time, that LETM1 expression is reduced in mitochondria isolated from WHS-patient cells. Furthermore, we show that this is associated with distinct mitochondrial phenotypes, including altered intracellular [Ca(2+)] levels, dysfunctional mitochondrial transition-pore opening, hyperpolarization and superoxide leakage from resting mitochondria. Interestingly, we find that these phenotypes segregate with seizures in our WHS cohort. Our findings identify novel cellular phenotypes in WHS attributable to a 50% reduction in LETM1 expression level; these phenotypes could underlie and/or contribute to some of the core clinical features of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Hart
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
- DNA Replication and Cell Cycle Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Anita Rauch
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Genetics, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Antony M. Carr
- DNA Replication and Cell Cycle Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Joris R. Vermeesch
- Center for Human Genetics, UZ Leuven, Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark O’Driscoll
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RQ, UK
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29
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Zollino M, Orteschi D, Ruiter M, Pfundt R, Steindl K, Cafiero C, Ricciardi S, Contaldo I, Chieffo D, Ranalli D, Acquafondata C, Murdolo M, Marangi G, Asaro A, Battaglia D. Unusual 4p16.3 deletions suggest an additional chromosome region for the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome-associated seizures disorder. Epilepsia 2014; 55:849-57. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Zollino
- Institute of Medical Genetics; Catholic University; University Hospital A. Gemelli; Roma Italy
| | - Daniela Orteschi
- Institute of Medical Genetics; Catholic University; University Hospital A. Gemelli; Roma Italy
| | - Mariken Ruiter
- Department of Human Genetics; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Concetta Cafiero
- Institute of Medical Genetics; Catholic University; University Hospital A. Gemelli; Roma Italy
| | - Stefania Ricciardi
- Institute of Medical Genetics; Catholic University; University Hospital A. Gemelli; Roma Italy
| | - Ilaria Contaldo
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Catholic University; University Hospital A. Gemelli; Roma Italy
| | - Daniela Chieffo
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Catholic University; University Hospital A. Gemelli; Roma Italy
| | - Domiziana Ranalli
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Catholic University; University Hospital A. Gemelli; Roma Italy
| | | | - Marina Murdolo
- Institute of Medical Genetics; Catholic University; University Hospital A. Gemelli; Roma Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marangi
- Institute of Medical Genetics; Catholic University; University Hospital A. Gemelli; Roma Italy
| | - Alessia Asaro
- Institute of Medical Genetics; Catholic University; University Hospital A. Gemelli; Roma Italy
| | - Domenica Battaglia
- Department of Pediatric Neurology; Catholic University; University Hospital A. Gemelli; Roma Italy
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30
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Shimizu K, Wakui K, Kosho T, Okamoto N, Mizuno S, Itomi K, Hattori S, Nishio K, Samura O, Kobayashi Y, Kako Y, Arai T, Tsutomu OI, Kawame H, Narumi Y, Ohashi H, Fukushima Y. Microarray and FISH-based genotype-phenotype analysis of 22 Japanese patients with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 164A:597-609. [PMID: 24357569 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene deletion syndrome of the distal 4p chromosome, characterized by craniofacial features, growth impairment, intellectual disability, and seizures. Although genotype-phenotype correlation studies have previously been published, several important issues remain to be elucidated including seizure severity. We present detailed clinical and molecular-cytogenetic findings from a microarray and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based genotype-phenotype analysis of 22 Japanese WHS patients, the first large non-Western series. 4p deletions were terminal in 20 patients and interstitial in two, with deletion sizes ranging from 2.06 to 29.42 Mb. The new Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region (WHSCR2) was deleted in all cases, and duplication of other chromosomal regions occurred in four. Complex mosaicism was identified in two cases: two different 4p terminal deletions; a simple 4p terminal deletion and an unbalanced translocation with the same 4p breakpoint. Seizures began in infancy in 33% (2/6) of cases with small (<6 Mb) deletions and in 86% (12/14) of cases with larger deletions (>6 Mb). Status epilepticus occurred in 17% (1/6) with small deletions and in 87% (13/15) with larger deletions. Renal hypoplasia or dysplasia and structural ocular anomalies were more prevalent in those with larger deletions. A new susceptible region for seizure occurrence is suggested between 0.76 and 1.3 Mb from 4 pter, encompassing CTBP1 and CPLX1, and distal to the previously-supposed candidate gene LETM1. The usefulness of bromide therapy for seizures and additional clinical features including hypercholesterolemia are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Shimizu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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31
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Batanian JR, Braddock SR, Christensen K, Knutsen AP. Combined immunodeficiency in a 3-year-old boy with 16p11.2 and 20p12.2-11.2 chromosomal duplications. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 164A:535-41. [PMID: 24311374 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report for the first time on a 3-year-old boy with paternally inherited 212.85 kb-16p11.2 and 7.8 Mb-20p12.2-11.23 interstitial microduplications associated with having congenital cardiac defect, dysmorphic facial features, and combined T-, B-, and NK cell immunodeficiency. In addition the 7.8 Mb-20p12.2-11.23 microduplication is unique showing novel breakpoints among all partial trisomy/duplication 20p reported to date, narrowing down the critical region for trisomy 20p syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Batanian
- Division of Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
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32
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Andersen EF, Carey JC, Earl DL, Corzo D, Suttie M, Hammond P, South ST. Deletions involving genes WHSC1 and LETM1 may be necessary, but are not sufficient to cause Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 22:464-70. [PMID: 23963300 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a complex genetic disorder caused by the loss of genomic material from the short arm of chromosome 4. Genotype-phenotype correlation studies indicated that the loss of genes within 4p16.3 is necessary for expression of the core features of the phenotype. Within this region, haploinsufficiency of the genes WHSC1 and LETM1 is thought to be a major contributor to the pathogenesis of WHS. We present clinical findings for three patients with relatively small (<400 kb) de novo interstitial deletions that overlap WHSC1 and LETM1. 3D facial analysis was performed for two of these patients. Based on our findings, we propose that hemizygosity of WHSC1 and LETM1 is associated with a clinical phenotype characterized by growth deficiency, feeding difficulties, and motor and speech delays. The deletion of additional genes nearby WHSC1 and LETM1 does not result in a marked increase in the severity of clinical features, arguing against their haploinsufficiency. The absence of seizures and typical WHS craniofacial findings in our cohort suggest that deletion of distinct or additional 4p16.3 genes is necessary for expression of these features. Altogether, these results show that although loss-of-function for WHSC1 and/or LETM1 contributes to some of the features of WHS, deletion of additional genes is required for the full expression of the phenotype, providing further support that WHS is a contiguous gene deletion disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica F Andersen
- 1] Cytogenetics Department, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John C Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dawn L Earl
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deyanira Corzo
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Suttie
- Molecular Medicine Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Peter Hammond
- Molecular Medicine Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sarah T South
- 1] Cytogenetics Department, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA [3] Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Han D, Li SJ, Zhu YT, Liu L, Li MX. LKB1/AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:4033-9. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.7.4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Prunotto G, Cianci P, Cereda A, Scatigno A, Fossati C, Maitz S, Biondi A, Selicorni A. Two cases of hepatic adenomas in patients with wolf-hirschhorn syndrome: A new rare complication? Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:1759-62. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Prunotto
- Pediatric Genetic Unit, Pediatric Department of Monza Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM) Foundation; S.Gerardo Hospital; Monza; Italy
| | - Paola Cianci
- Pediatric Genetic Unit, Pediatric Department of Monza Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM) Foundation; S.Gerardo Hospital; Monza; Italy
| | - Anna Cereda
- Pediatric Genetic Unit, Pediatric Department of Monza Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM) Foundation; S.Gerardo Hospital; Monza; Italy
| | - Agnese Scatigno
- Pediatric Genetic Unit, Pediatric Department of Monza Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM) Foundation; S.Gerardo Hospital; Monza; Italy
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Pediatric Genetic Unit, Pediatric Department of Monza Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM) Foundation; S.Gerardo Hospital; Monza; Italy
| | - Silvia Maitz
- Pediatric Genetic Unit, Pediatric Department of Monza Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM) Foundation; S.Gerardo Hospital; Monza; Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Pediatric Department of MBBM Foundation; S.Gerardo Hospital; Monza; Italy
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Pediatric Genetic Unit, Pediatric Department of Monza Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM) Foundation; S.Gerardo Hospital; Monza; Italy
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Zhang X, Chen G, Lu Y, Liu J, Fang M, Luo J, Cao Q, Wang X. Association of Mitochondrial Letm1 with Epileptic Seizures. Cereb Cortex 2013; 24:2533-40. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Genotype-Phenotype Characterization of Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome Confirmed by FISH: Case Reports. Case Rep Genet 2012; 2012:878796. [PMID: 23227376 PMCID: PMC3512217 DOI: 10.1155/2012/878796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a multiple malformation and contiguous gene syndrome resulting from the deletion encompassing a 4p16.3 region. A microscopically visible terminal deletion on chromosome 4p (4p16→pter) was detected in Case 1 with full blown features of WHS. The second case which had an interstitial microdeletion encompassing WHSC 1 and WHSC 2 genes at 4p16.3 presented with less striking clinical features of WHS and had an apparently “normal” karyotype. The severity of the clinical presentation was as a result of haploinsufficiency and interaction with surrounding genes as well as mutations in modifier genes located outside the WHSCR regions. The study emphasized that an individual with a strong clinical suspicion of chromosomal abnormality and a normal conventional cytogenetic study should be further investigated using molecular cytogenetic techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or array-comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH).
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Misceo D, Barøy T, Helle J, Braaten Ø, Fannemel M, Frengen E. 1.5Mb deletion of chromosome 4p16.3 associated with postnatal growth delay, psychomotor impairment, epilepsy, impulsive behavior and asynchronous skeletal development. Gene 2012; 507:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Finelli P, Sirchia SM, Masciadri M, Crippa M, Recalcati MP, Rusconi D, Giardino D, Monti L, Cogliati F, Faravelli F, Natacci F, Zoccante L, Bernardina BD, Russo S, Larizza L. Juxtaposition of heterochromatic and euchromatic regions by chromosomal translocation mediates a heterochromatic long-range position effect associated with a severe neurological phenotype. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:16. [PMID: 22475481 PMCID: PMC3395859 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The term "position effect" is used when the expression of a gene is deleteriously affected by an alteration in its chromosomal environment even though the integrity of the protein coding sequences is maintained. We describe a patient affected by epilepsy and severe neurodevelopment delay carrying a balanced translocation t(15;16)(p11.2;q12.1)dn that we assume caused a position effect as a result of the accidental juxtaposition of heterochromatin in the euchromatic region. Results FISH mapped the translocation breakpoints (bkps) to 15p11.2 within satellite III and the 16q12.1 euchromatic band within the ITFG1 gene. The expression of the genes located on both sides of the translocation were tested by means of real-time PCR and three, all located on der(16), were found to be variously perturbed: the euchromatic gene NETO2/BTCL2 was silenced, whereas VPS35 and SHCBP1, located within the major heterochromatic block of chromosome 16q11.2, were over-expressed. Pyrosequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation of NETO2/BTCL2 and VPS35 confirmed the expression findings. Interphase FISH analysis showed that der(16) localised to regions occupied by the beta satellite heterochromatic blocks more frequently than der(15). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a heterochromatic position effect in humans caused by the juxtaposition of euchromatin/heterochromatin as a result of chromosomal rearrangement. The overall results are fully in keeping with the observations in Drosophila and suggest the occurrence of a human heterochromatin position effect associated with the nuclear repositioning of the der(16) and its causative role in the patient's syndromic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palma Finelli
- Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Cusano Milanino 20095, Italy.
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Hannes F, Hammond P, Quarrell O, Fryns JP, Devriendt K, Vermeesch JR. A microdeletion proximal of the critical deletion region is associated with mild Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:996-1004. [PMID: 22438245 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the facial phenotype of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome is caused by deletions of either Wolf-Hirschhorn critical regions 1 or 2 (WHSCR 1-2). Here, we identify a 432 kb deletion located 600 kb proximal to both WHSCR1-2 in a patient with a WHS facial phenotype. Seven genes are underlying this deletion region including FAM193a, ADD1, NOP14, GRK4, MFSD10, SH3BP2, TNIP2. The clinical diagnosis of WHS facial phenotype was confirmed by 3D facial analysis using dense surface modeling. Our results suggest that the WHSCR1-2 flanking sequence contributes directly or indirectly to the severity of WHS. Sequencing the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 and 2 genes did not reveal any mutations. Long range position effects of the deletion that could influence gene expression within the WHSCR were excluded in EBV cell lines derived from patient lymphoblasts. We hypothesize that either (1) this locus harbors regulatory sequences which affect gene expression in the WHSCR1-2 in a defined temporal and spatial developmental window or (2) that this locus is additive to deletions of WHSCR1-2 increasing the phenotypic expression.
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Sifakis S, Manolakos E, Vetro A, Kappou D, Peitsidis P, Kontodiou M, Garas A, Vrachnis N, Konstandinidou A, Zuffardi O, Orru S, Papoulidis I. Prenatal diagnosis of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome confirmed by comparative genomic hybridization array: report of two cases and review of the literature. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:12. [PMID: 22373435 PMCID: PMC3307480 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a well known genetic condition caused by a partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4. The great variability in the extent of the 4p deletion and the possible contribution of additional genetic rearrangements lead to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. The majority of the reports of prenatally diagnosed WHS cases are associated with large 4p deletions identified by conventional chromosome analysis; however, the widespread clinical use of novel molecular techniques such as array comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) has increased the detection rate of submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations associated with WHS phenotype. We provide a report of two fetuses with WHS presenting with intrauterine growth restriction as an isolated finding or combined with oligohydramnios and abnormal Doppler waveform in umbilical artery and uterine arteries. Standard karyotyping demonstrated a deletion on chromosome 4 in both cases [del(4)(p15.33) and del(4)(p15.31), respectively] and further application of a-CGH confirmed the diagnosis and offered a precise characterization of the genetic defect. A detailed review of the currently available literature on the prenatal diagnostic approach of WHS in terms of fetal sonographic assessment and molecular cytogenetic investigation is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Sifakis
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Manolakos
- Eurogenetica S.A., Laboratory of Genetics, Athens-Thessaloniki, Greece
- Cattedra di Genetica Medica, Universita di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italia
| | - Annalisa Vetro
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana ed Ereditaria, Universita di Pavia, Pavia, Italia
| | - Dimitra Kappou
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Maria Kontodiou
- Eurogenetica S.A., Laboratory of Genetics, Athens-Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Garas
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vrachnis
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Univeristy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Orsetta Zuffardi
- Dipartimento di Patologia Umana ed Ereditaria, Universita di Pavia, Pavia, Italia
| | - Sandro Orru
- Cattedra di Genetica Medica, Universita di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italia
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Kerzendorfer C, Hannes F, Colnaghi R, Abramowicz I, Carpenter G, Vermeesch JR, O'Driscoll M. Characterizing the functional consequences of haploinsufficiency of NELF-A (WHSC2) and SLBP identifies novel cellular phenotypes in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:2181-93. [PMID: 22328085 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene deletion disorder associated with the distal part of the short arm of chromosome 4 (4p16.3). Employing a unique panel of patient-derived cell lines with differing-sized 4p deletions, we provide evidence that haploinsufficiency of SLBP and/or WHSC2 (NELF-A) contributes to several novel cellular phenotypes of WHS, including delayed progression from S-phase into M-phase, reduced DNA replication in asynchronous culture and altered higher order chromatin assembly. The latter is evidenced by reduced histone-chromatin association, elevated levels of soluble chaperone-bound histone H3 and increased sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease digestion in WHS patient-derived cells. We also observed increased camptothecin-induced inhibition of DNA replication and hypersensitivity to killing. Our work provides a novel pathogenomic insight into the aetiology of WHS by describing it, for the first time, as a disorder of impaired chromatin reorganization. Delayed cell-cycle progression and impaired DNA replication likely underlie or contribute to microcephaly, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, which constitute the core clinical features of WHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kerzendorfer
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
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42
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Salyakina D, Cukier HN, Lee JM, Sacharow S, Nations LD, Ma D, Jaworski JM, Konidari I, Whitehead PL, Wright HH, Abramson RK, Williams SM, Menon R, Haines JL, Gilbert JR, Cuccaro ML, Pericak-Vance MA. Copy number variants in extended autism spectrum disorder families reveal candidates potentially involved in autism risk. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26049. [PMID: 22016809 PMCID: PMC3189231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) are a major cause of genetic disruption in the human genome with far more nucleotides being altered by duplications and deletions than by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In the multifaceted etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), CNVs appear to contribute significantly to our understanding of the pathogenesis of this complex disease. A unique resource of 42 extended ASD families was genotyped for over 1 million SNPs to detect CNVs that may contribute to ASD susceptibility. Each family has at least one avuncular or cousin pair with ASD. Families were then evaluated for co-segregation of CNVs in ASD patients. We identified a total of five deletions and seven duplications in eleven families that co-segregated with ASD. Two of the CNVs overlap with regions on 7p21.3 and 15q24.1 that have been previously reported in ASD individuals and two additional CNVs on 3p26.3 and 12q24.32 occur near regions associated with schizophrenia. These findings provide further evidence for the involvement of ICA1 and NXPH1 on 7p21.3 in ASD susceptibility and highlight novel ASD candidates, including CHL1, FGFBP3 and POUF41. These studies highlight the power of using extended families for gene discovery in traits with a complex etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Salyakina
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Holly N. Cukier
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joycelyn M. Lee
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Sacharow
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Nations
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Deqiong Ma
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - James M. Jaworski
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ioanna Konidari
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Patrice L. Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Harry H. Wright
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ruth K. Abramson
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - John R. Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome is caused by anomalies of the short arm of chromosome 4. About 55% of cases are due to de novo terminal deletions, 40% from unbalanced translocations and 5% from other abnormalities. The facial phenotype is characterized by hypertelorism, protruding eyes, prominent glabella, broad nasal bridge and short philtrum. We used dense surface modelling and pattern recognition techniques to delineate the milder facial phenotype of individuals with a small terminal deletion (breakpoint within 4p16.3) compared to those with a large deletion (breakpoint more proximal than 4p16.3). Further, fine-grained facial analysis of several individuals with an atypical genotype and/or phenotype suggests that multiple genes contiguously contribute to the characteristic Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome facial phenotype.
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Endele S, Nelkenbrecher C, Bördlein A, Schlickum S, Winterpacht A. C4ORF48, a gene from the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region, encodes a putative neuropeptide and is expressed during neocortex and cerebellar development. Neurogenetics 2011; 12:155-63. [PMID: 21287218 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-011-0275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify novel genes involved in mental retardation/intellectual disability, we focused on a microdeletion reported in a patient with a mild form of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. This patient presented with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, some learning and fine motor deficits as well as facial abnormalities. The deleted region included three genes. Here, we report the first characterization of one of these genes, C4ORF48. C4ORF48 encodes a short (139 aa) evolutionarily conserved protein with a predicted signal peptide and two potential dibasic convertase cleavage sites. In mice, we demonstrated expression of the corresponding protein exclusively in brain tissue using an anti-mouse C4Orf48 polyclonal antibody. Detailed RNA in situ hybridization experiments revealed expression of C4Orf48 in different zones during cortical and cerebellar development, as well as in almost all cortical and subcortical regions of the adult mouse brain. Based on the present data, we propose that C4Orf48 probably encodes a novel neuropeptide, which, if hemizygously deleted, may be involved in the observed intellectual and fine motor disabilities and thus in the overall neurological aspects of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Endele
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Mun SJ, Cho EH, Chey MJ, Shim GH, Shin BM, Lee RK, Ko JK, Yoo SJ. [Recombinant chromosome 4 with partial 4p deletion and 4q duplication inherited from paternal pericentric inversion]. Korean J Lab Med 2010; 30:89-92. [PMID: 20197729 DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2010.30.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericentric inversion of chromosome 4 can give rise to 2 alternate recombinant (rec) chromosomesby duplication or deletion of 4p. The deletion of distal 4p manifests as Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS). Here, we report the molecular cytogenetic findings and clinical manifestations observed in an infant with 46,XX,rec(4)dup(4q)inv(4)(p16q31.3)pat. The infant was delivered by Cesarean section at the 33rd week of gestation because pleural effusion and polyhydramnios were detected on ultrasonography. At birth, the infant showed no malformation or dysfunction, except for a preauricular skin tag. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of neonatal peripheral blood samples showed a gain of 38 Mb on 4q31.3-qter and a loss of 3 Mb on 4p16.3, and these results were consistent with WHS. At the last follow-up at 8 months of age (corrected age, 6 months), the infant had not achieved complete head control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Mun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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46
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Hwang SK, Piao L, Lim HT, Minai-Tehrani A, Yu KN, Ha YC, Chae CH, Lee KH, Beck GR, Park J, Cho MH. Suppression of lung tumorigenesis by leucine zipper/EF hand-containing transmembrane-1. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20824095 PMCID: PMC2932724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leucine zipper/EF hand-containing transmembrane-1 (LETM1) encodes for the human homologue of yeast Mdm38p, which is a mitochondria-shaping protein of unclear function. However, a previous study demonstrated that LETM1 served as an anchor protein for complex formation between mitochondria and ribosome, and regulated mitochondrial biogenesis. Methodology/Principal Findings Therefore, we examine the possibility that LETM1 may function to regulate mitochondria and lung tumor growth. In this study, we addressed this question by studying in the effect of adenovirus-mediated LETM1 in the lung cancer cell and lung cancer model mice. To investigate the effects of adenovirus-LETM1 in vitro, we infected with adenovirus-LETM1 in A549 cells. Additionally, in vivo effects of LETM1 were evaluated on K-rasLA1 mice, human non-small cell lung cancer model mice, by delivering the LETM1 via aerosol through nose-only inhalation system. The effects of LETM1 on lung cancer growth and AMPK related signals were evaluated. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of LETM1 could induce destruction of mitochondria of lung cancer cells through depleting ATP and AMPK activation. Furthermore, adenoviral-LETM1 also altered Akt signaling and inhibited the cell cycle while facilitating apoptosis. Theses results demonstrated that adenovirus-LETM1 suppressed lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions/Significance Adenovirus-mediated LETM1 may provide a useful target for designing lung tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Kyung Hwang
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Longzhen Piao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Jilin, China
| | - Hwang-Tae Lim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Nano Systems Institute-National Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Arash Minai-Tehrani
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Nam Yu
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn-Cheol Ha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Hee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Ho Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Molecular Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - George R. Beck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Daejeon Regional Cancer Center, Cancer Research Institute, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail: (M-HC); (JP)
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Nano Systems Institute-National Core Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (M-HC); (JP)
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Marshall AT. Impact of chromosome 4p- syndrome on communication and expressive language skills: a preliminary investigation. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2010; 41:265-76. [PMID: 20421614 DOI: 10.1044/0161-1461(2009/08-0098)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of Chromosome 4p- syndrome on the communication and expressive language phenotype of a large cross-cultural population of children, adolescents, and adults. METHOD A large-scale survey study was conducted and a descriptive research design was used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data regarding the communication and expressive language manifestations of 200 children, youth, and adults from 16 countries and Puerto Rico who had been diagnosed with 4p conditions, including Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS), Pitt-Rogers-Danks syndrome (PRDS), Proximal 4p Deletion syndrome, and complex chromosomal rearrangements associated with 4p-. RESULTS Individuals with Chromosome 4p- syndrome represent a heterogeneous population with complex phenotypic profiles. The majority of the participants exhibited communication and expressive language skills below the 36-month developmental functioning level. A relatively small cohort of the study population exhibited advanced expressive language skills, a finding not reported in the professional literature. CONCLUSION Results broaden the spectrum of expressive language skills associated with Chromosome 4p- syndrome and highlight the communication potential of a subset of individuals with 4p abnormalities for development of advanced language structures. It is hypothesized that the largest 4p deletion, which includes the 4p16.3 band and contiguous gene regions, results in the most severely affected expressive language phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Althea T Marshall
- Southern Connecticut State University, Department of Communication Disorders, Davis Hall Room 012 L 501, Crescent Street, New Haven, CT 06515, USA.
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Hannes F, Drozniewska M, Vermeesch JR, Haus O. Duplication of the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region causes neurodevelopmental delay. Eur J Med Genet 2010; 53:136-40. [PMID: 20197130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS) is caused by deletions on chromosome 4p and is clinically well defined. Genotype-phenotype correlations of patients with WHS point to a critical locus to be responsible for the main characteristics of this disorder. Submicroscopic duplications of this region, however, are not known. Here we report a patient with an interstitial 560 kb duplication overlapping this critical locus. The present case shows that not only deletions but also duplications of the Wolf-Hirshhorn critical region cause mental retardation and multiple congenital anomalies. Interestingly, the duplication phenotype overlaps partially with the deletion phenotype. However, his facial phenotype differs from the typical WHS gestalt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Hannes
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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McQuibban AG, Joza N, Megighian A, Scorzeto M, Zanini D, Reipert S, Richter C, Schweyen RJ, Nowikovsky K. A Drosophila mutant of LETM1, a candidate gene for seizures in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 19:987-1000. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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