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Mustafa O, Mehmet E. A 46, XX SRY - negative man with infertility, and co-existing with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2010; 26:413-5. [PMID: 20170343 DOI: 10.3109/09513591003632225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
46, XX male (de la Chapelle syndrome) is a rare syndrome with a frequency of 1 in 20,000-25,000 males. 46, XX males exist in different clinical categories with ambiguous genitalia or partially to fully mature male genitalia, in combination with complete or incomplete masculinisation. We herein report a case of SRY-negative XX male with complete masculinisation but with infertility, and co-existing with autoimmune thyroiditis. The patient had fully mature male genitalia with descended but small testes and no signs of undervirilisation. Peripheral blood culture for chromosome studies revealed 46 chromosomes with XX constitution. Repeat polymerase chain reaction analysis, using Y-specific sequence tagged sites analysing about 40 metaphases of genomic DNA, confirmed the absence of the Y chromosome, including any detectable SRY gene. We herein report a case of a man 46, XX male SRY with normal male phenotype and infertility. This case is the first reported case, co-existing with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozbek Mustafa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, Ministry of Health, Diskapi Y.B. Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Chernykh VB, Chukhrova AL, Wasserman NN, Il’ina EV, Karmanov ME, Fedotov VP, Kurilo LF, Polyakov AV. Molecular analysis of the Y chromosome in XX sex-reversed patients. RUSS J GENET+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795408020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wolf U, Schempp W, Scherer G. Molecular biology of the human Y chromosome. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 121:147-213. [PMID: 1485072 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0033195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Wolf
- Institut für Humangenetik und Anthropologie der Universität, Freiburg, FRG
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Abstract
The case of a 28 year old male with normal male phenotype, in whom repeated seminal analysis showed complete azoospermia, is presented. Peripheral blood culture for chromosome studies revealed 46 chromosomes with XX constitution. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of genomic DNA failed to detect the presence of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY). A literature review of all SRY-negative XX males with normal male phenotype showed that this case is the sixth reported case but the first to be diagnosed during the investigations of infertility. The frequency, aetiology and diagnosis of this rare syndrome are also reviewed.
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Ogata T, Matsuo M, Muroya K, Koyama Y, Fukutani K. 47,XXX male: A clinical and molecular study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 98:353-6. [PMID: 11170081 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(20010201)98:4<353::aid-ajmg1110>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a 53-year-old Japanese male with a 47,XXX karyotype. His clinical features included hypoplastic scrotal testes (4 ml bilaterally), normally formed small penis (3.8 cm), relatively poor pubic hair development (Tanner stage 3), gynecomastia, age-appropriate male height (159.1 cm), and mental retardation (verbal IQ of 56). Serum testosterone was markedly reduced (0.6 nmol/L). A needle biopsy showed severe testicular degeneration. FISH analysis revealed complex mosaicism consisting of (1) 47,XXX cells with a single copy of SRY (n = 177), two copies of SRY (n = 3), and no SRY (n = 1); (2) 46,XX cells with a single copy of SRY (n = 9) and no SRY (n = 3); (3) 45,X cells with no SRY (n = 5); and (4) 48,XXXX cells with a single copy of SRY (n = 1) and two copies of SRY (n = 1). PCR analysis showed the presence of Yp portion with the breakpoint between DYS264 and AMELY. Microsatellite analysis demonstrated three alleles for DMD and AR. X-inactivation analysis for the methylation status of the AR gene showed random inactivation of the three X chromosomes. The results suggest that this 47,XXX male has resulted from abnormal X-Y interchange during paternal meiosis and X-X nondisjunction during maternal meiosis. Complex mosaicism may be due to the age-related increase in mitotic nondisjunction which is prone to occur in rapidly dividing lymphocytes and to the presence of two randomly inactivated X chromosomes which may behave asynchronously during mitosis, and clinical features of this male would primarily be explained by the genetic information on the SRY (+) der(X) chromosome and his advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Coles K, Mackenzie M, Crolla J, Harvey J, Starr J, Howard F, Jacobs P. A complex rearrangement associated with sex reversal and the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome: a cytogenetic and molecular study. J Med Genet 1992; 29:400-6. [PMID: 1619635 PMCID: PMC1015991 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.6.400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a male infant referred with multiple congenital abnormalities consistent with the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. Cytogenetic analysis showed a chromosome complement of 46,XX with a deletion of 4p15.2----4pter and its replacement by material of unknown origin. The patient was positive for a number of Yp probes including SRY, the testis determining factor, and in situ hybridisation localised the Yp material to the tip of the short arm of one X chromosome. Using pDP230, a probe for the pseudoautosomal region, and M27 beta, which recognises a locus in proximal Xp, the material translocated on to 4p was identified as originating from the short arm of the paternal X chromosome. The most reasonable explanation for this complex rearrangement is two separate exchange events involving both chromatids of Xp during paternal meiosis. An aberrant X-Y interchange gave rise to the sex reversal and an X;4 translocation resulted in additional, apparently active Xp material and a deletion of 4p which produced the Wolf-Hirschhorn phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Coles
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital
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7
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Van der Auwera B, Van Roy N, De Paepe A, Hawkins JR, Liebaers I, Castedo S, Dumon J, Speleman F. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of XX males using Y-specific DNA sequences, including SRY. Hum Genet 1992; 89:23-8. [PMID: 1577463 DOI: 10.1007/bf00207036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
XX maleness is the most common condition in which testes develop in the absence of a cytogenetically detectable Y chromosome. Using molecular techniques, it is possible to detect Yp sequences in the majority of XX males. In this study, we could detect Y-specific sequences, including the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY), using fluorescence in situ hybridization. In 5 out of 6 previously unpublished XX males, SRY was translocated onto the terminal part of an X chromosome. This is the first report in which translocation of an SRY-bearing fragment to an X chromosome in XX males could be directly demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Van der Auwera
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp--UIA, Wilrijk, Belgium
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8
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Montagna S, Zacchè G, Bondavalli C. Azoospermia in XX male. Urologia 1992. [DOI: 10.1177/039156039205901s85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Authors report a case of azoospermia in a young adult who, though phenotypically a male, was a carrier of karyotype 46 XX. It is a rare case and is due to the precocious migration of fragment Y which produces testis differentiation on chromosome X. These sexual differentiation anomalies produce no genital ambiguity because the process takes place in the very early phase of the sexual differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Montagna
- Divisione di Ginecologia e Ostetricia - Viadana (MN)
| | - G. Zacchè
- Divisione di Ginecologia e Ostetricia - Viadana (MN)
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Donlon TA, Müller U. Deletion mapping of DNA segments from the Y chromosome long arm and their analysis in an XX male. Genomics 1991; 10:51-6. [PMID: 2045109 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90483-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Twelve DNA segments have been localized to the long arm of the Y chromosome and were assigned to three intervals by deletion mapping. Of these segments, six were from distal Yq11.23, which is supposed to contain a spermatogenesis locus. The physical mapping information was used to analyze an XX male who is positive for DNA sequences both from distal Yp and from Yq. Two of the twelve sequences from Yq (Y-198 and Y-253) were detected in this patient along with two of six short-arm segments tested. Long-range physical mapping placed Y-198 and Y-253 on a common 1100-kb BssHII fragment. In this patient, the long-arm sequences were assigned to distal Xp by in situ hybridization. The data suggest that this XX male derived from an unequal interchange between an X and an inverted Y chromosome presumed to have been present in the patient's father.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Donlon
- Clinical Cytogenetics, Stanford University Hospital, California 94305
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Abstract
A physical map of the Y-chromosome short arm was constructed using DNA probes p19B, Y-286/la5, pZFY, Y-280, and Y-227. These probes hybridize with four NotI fragments of 400 kb (p19B and Y-286/la5), 350 kb, 1.9 Mb, and 3.0 Mb, respectively. The restriction fragments were shown to be adjacent to each other by analysis of NotI partial digests, overlapping restriction fragments, and/or the detection of rearranged restriction fragments in a 46,XX male. The present map covers approximately 5.6 Mb of contiguous DNA of Yp. Previously, the size of the pseudoautosomal region was estimated to be 2.3 Mb, and a 5.3-Mb NotI fragment containing Y-specific repeated DNA was assigned to proximal Yp. These and the present data account for approximately 13 Mb and thus for most of the DNA content of the Y short arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Müller
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Müller U, Lalande M, Donlon TA, Heartlein MW. Breakage of the human Y-chromosome short arm between two blocks of tandemly repeated DNA sequences. Genomics 1989; 5:153-6. [PMID: 2548948 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(89)90101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Y-chromosomal rearrangements, a common cause of sex reversal in man, frequently occur between two blocks of repeated DNA. Both blocks are composed of 20-kb tandemly repeated Y-chromosome-specific DNA sequences. They are located in the proximal portion of the Y short arm on a NotI restriction fragment of approximately 5.3 Mb and on an MluI fragment of approximately 5.5 Mb. Chromosome breaks positioned between the two blocks were detected in two of three 46,XY females with deletions of Yp and in five of six 46,XX males positive for the repeat sequences. The rearranged NotI fragments in the 46,XX males were 4.4 Mb and the MluI fragments were 2.0 Mb in length. This indicates that breaks occur within a small region of Yp defined by the two blocks of specific repeated DNA sequences. The region between the two blocks thus appears to be a focus of structural lability in the human Y chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Müller
- Division of Genetics and Mental Retardation Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Schempp W, Müller G, Scherer G, Bohlander SK, Rommerskirch W, Fraccaro M, Wolf U. Localization of Y chromosome sequences and X chromosomal replication studies in XX males. Hum Genet 1989; 81:144-8. [PMID: 2912884 DOI: 10.1007/bf00293890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
By in situ hybridization, Y-specific DNA sequences were localized on Xp22.3-Xpter of one of the two X chromosomes in all of eleven XX males studied. In nine of the cases the presence of the Y-specific DNA did not affect random X inactivation in fibroblasts. Fibroblasts of the other two cases showed a preferential inactivation of the Y DNA-carrying X chromosome. In only one of these two exceptions blood lymphocytes could also be studied, and here, random inactivation of the Y DNA-carrying X chromosome occurred. Furthermore, the gene dosage of steroid sulfatase (STS) was examined by Southern blot analysis. In ten of the cases including the one showing random X-inactivation in lymphocytes but not in fibroblasts, a double dosage of the STS gene is present. The remaining case with non-random inactivation shows a single STS gene dosage. This case was reported previously to have STS enzyme activity in the male range. It is assumed that, as a consequence DNA sequences may result in the preferential inactivation of the Y DNA-carrying X chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schempp
- Institut für Humangenetik und Anthropologie der Universität, Freiburg i. Br., Federal Republic of Germany
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