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Stein M, Elefteriou F, Busse B, Fiedler IA, Kwon RY, Farell E, Ahmad M, Ignatius A, Grover L, Geris L, Tuckermann J. Why Animal Experiments Are Still Indispensable in Bone Research: A Statement by the European Calcified Tissue Society. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1045-1061. [PMID: 37314012 PMCID: PMC10962000 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Major achievements in bone research have always relied on animal models and in vitro systems derived from patient and animal material. However, the use of animals in research has drawn intense ethical debate and the complete abolition of animal experimentation is demanded by fractions of the population. This phenomenon is enhanced by the reproducibility crisis in science and the advance of in vitro and in silico techniques. 3D culture, organ-on-a-chip, and computer models have improved enormously over the last few years. Nevertheless, the overall complexity of bone tissue cross-talk and the systemic and local regulation of bone physiology can often only be addressed in entire vertebrates. Powerful genetic methods such as conditional mutagenesis, lineage tracing, and modeling of the diseases enhanced the understanding of the entire skeletal system. In this review endorsed by the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS), a working group of investigators from Europe and the US provides an overview of the strengths and limitations of experimental animal models, including rodents, fish, and large animals, as well the potential and shortcomings of in vitro and in silico technologies in skeletal research. We propose that the proper combination of the right animal model for a specific hypothesis and state-of-the-art in vitro and/or in silico technology is essential to solving remaining important questions in bone research. This is crucial for executing most efficiently the 3R principles to reduce, refine, and replace animal experimentation, for enhancing our knowledge of skeletal biology, and for the treatment of bone diseases that affect a large part of society. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Stein
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Imke A.K. Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Competence Center for Interface Research (ICCIR), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Young Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Eric Farell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mubashir Ahmad
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Liam Grover
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational MedicineHeritage Building Edgbaston, Birmingham
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Skeletal Biology & Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Wang W, Zhou X, Yin Z, Yu X. Fabrication and Evaluation of Porous dECM/PCL Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:343. [PMID: 37504838 PMCID: PMC10381742 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous scaffolds play a crucial role in bone tissue regeneration and have been extensively investigated in this field. By incorporating a decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) onto tissue-engineered scaffolds, bone regeneration can be enhanced by replicating the molecular complexity of native bone tissue. However, the exploration of porous scaffolds with anisotropic channels and the effects of dECM on these scaffolds for bone cells and mineral deposition remains limited. To address this gap, we developed a porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold with anisotropic channels and functionalized it with dECM to capture the critical physicochemical properties of native bone tissue, promoting osteoblast cells' proliferation, differentiation, biomineralization, and osteogenesis. Our results demonstrated the successful fabrication of porous dECM/PCL scaffolds with multiple channel sizes for bone regeneration. The incorporation of 100 μm grid-based channels facilitated improved nutrient and oxygen infiltration, while the porous structure created using 30 mg/mL of sodium chloride significantly enhanced the cells' attachment and proliferation. Notably, the mechanical properties of the scaffolds closely resembled those of human bone tissue. Furthermore, compared with pure PCL scaffolds, the presence of dECM on the scaffolds substantially enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. Moreover, dECM significantly increased mineral deposition on the scaffold. Overall, the dECM/PCL scaffold holds significant potential as an alternative bone graft substitute for repairing bone injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Xiaqing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Zhuozhuo Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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3
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Wu Y, Ye Q, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Xiao K, Zhu L, Yin Y, Dong H. Evaluation on antiosteoporosis of collagen peptides prepared by immobilized protease with eggshell membrane. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2391-2404. [PMID: 35584966 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Collagen peptides are a potential treatment for osteoporosis due to their antiosteoporosis activity. In this study, we prepared immobilized protease with eggshell membrane as carrier, and then hydrolyzed collagen to obtain collagen peptide. The antiosteoporosis of collagen peptides was confirmed by hBMSC osteogenic differentiation and bone mineralization improvement results. Surprisingly, antiosteoporosis of collagen peptides was related to the molecular weight of collagen peptides. This was derived from the osteoblast marker gene expressions, and mineral elements in P1 treatment were higher than those in P3 treatment. Consequently, these results confirmed that antiosteoporosis of low molecular weight collagen peptides is higher than that of higher molecular weight collagen peptides. Furthermore, the antiosteoporosis activity of P1 was due to its peptide sequences with known antiosteoporosis activity in P1. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Using eggshell membrane as carrier to prepare immobilized protease was meaningful for solving the problem of resource waste. In addition, the results showed that collagen peptides possessed antiosteoporosis, and the effect of low molecular weight collagen peptides was better. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing high antiosteoporosis collagen peptides able to treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyue Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Zuxin Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijun Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yurong Yin
- College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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Kuibida VV, Kohanets PP, Lopatynska VV. Temperature, heat shock proteins and growth regulation of the bone tissue. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.15421/022205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient heat modulates the elongation of bones in mammals, and the mechanism of such a plasticity has not been studied completely. The influence of heat on growth and development of bone depends on its values. Five zones of temperature influence on the bone tissue with different biological effects have been distinguished : a) under-threshold thermal zone < 36.6 ºС, insufficient amount of heat is a limiting factor for osteogenesis; b) normal temperature zone 36.6‒37.5 ºС, the processes of breakdown and development of bone in this temperature range is balanced; b) zone of mild thermal shock 39‒41 ºС, the processes of functioning of osteoblasts, osteocytes and formation of the bone tissue intensify; d) the zone of sublethal thermal shock > 42 ºС, growth of bone slows; e) zone of non-critical shock > 50 ºС, bone tissue cells die. We propose a model of the mechanism of influence of heat shock on bone growth. Mild heat shock is a type of stress to which membrane enzymes adenylyl cyclase and cAMP-protein kinase react. Protein kinase A phosphorylates the gene factors of thermal shock proteins, stress proteins and enzymes of energy-generating processes – glycolysis and lipolysis. Heat shock protein HSP70 activates alkaline phosphatase and promotes the process of mineralization of the bone tissue. In the cells, there is intensification in syntheses of insulin-like growth factor-I, factors of mitogenic action, signals of intensification of blood circulation (NO) and synthesis of somatotropin. The affinity between insulin-like growth factor I and its acid-labile subunit decreases, leading to increased free and active insulin-like growth factor I. Against the background of acceleration of the capillarization process, energy generation and the level of stimulators of growth of bone tissue, mitotic and functional activities of producer cells of the bone – osteoblasts and osteocytes – activate. The generally known Allen’s rule has been developed and expanded: “Warm-blooded animals of different species have longer distal body parts (tails) if after birth the young have developed in the conditions of higher temperature”. The indicated tendency is realized through increased biosynthesis of heat shock proteins and other stimulators of growth processes in the bone tissue.
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Yang B, Yao H, Yang J, Chen C, Guo Y, Fu H, Shi J. In Situ Synthesis of Natural Antioxidase Mimics for Catalytic Anti-Inflammatory Treatments: Rheumatoid Arthritis as an Example. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:314-330. [PMID: 34881869 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mimicking the coordination geometry of the active metal sites of natural enzymes is an efficient strategy in designing therapeutic chemicals with enzymelike in vivo reaction thermodynamics and kinetics. In this study, this chemical concept has been applied for the in situ synthesis of natural antioxidase mimics for catalytic anti-inflammatory treatment by using rheumatoid arthritis, a common and hardly curable immune-mediated diseases, as an example. Briefly, a composite nanomedicine has been first constructed by loading cationic porphyrin ligands into a manganese-engineered mesoporous silica nanocarrier, which can respond to a mildly acidic environment to concurrently release manganous ions and porphyrin ligands, enabling their subsequent coordination and synthesis of manganese porphyrin with a coordination environment of an active Mn site similar to those of the metal sites in natural superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Due to the strong metal-ligand exchange coupling enabled by the N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl groups tetrasubstituted in the meso positions of N4-macroheterocycles, such a manganese porphyrin presents the SOD-like activity of disproportionating superoxide anions via outer-sphere proton-coupled one-electron transfer (diaquamanganese(III)/monoaquamanganese(II) cycling), as well as the catalase-like activity of disproportionating hydrogen peroxide via inner-sphere proton-coupled two-electron transfer (diaquamanganese(III)/dioxomanganese(V) cycling). Cellular experiments demonstrated the high antioxidative efficacy of the composite nanomedicine in M1 macrophages by promoting their polarization shift to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Equally importantly, the silicon-containing oligomers released from the manganese silicate nanocarrier can act as heterogeneous nucleation centers of hydroxyapatite for facilitating biomineralization by bone mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, an in vivo adjuvant-induced arthritis animal model further reveals the high efficacy of the nanomedicine in treating rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Heliang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Jiacai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yuedong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China.,Tenth People's Hospital and School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Ali E, Birch M, Hopper N, Rushton N, McCaskie AW, Brooks RA. Human osteoblasts obtained from distinct periarticular sites demonstrate differences in biological function in vitro. Bone Joint Res 2021; 10:611-618. [PMID: 34565180 PMCID: PMC8479562 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.109.bjr-2020-0497.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Accumulated evidence indicates that local cell origins may ingrain differences in the phenotypic activity of human osteoblasts. We hypothesized that these differences may also exist in osteoblasts harvested from the same bone type at periarticular sites, including those adjacent to the fixation sites for total joint implant components. METHODS Human osteoblasts were obtained from the acetabulum and femoral neck of seven patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) and from the femoral and tibial cuts of six patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Osteoblasts were extracted from the usually discarded bone via enzyme digestion, characterized by flow cytometry, and cultured to passage three before measurement of metabolic activity, collagen production, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression, and mineralization. RESULTS Osteoblasts from the acetabulum showed lower proliferation (p = 0.034), cumulative collagen release (p < 0.001), and ALP expression (p = 0.009), and produced less mineral (p = 0.006) than those from the femoral neck. Osteoblasts from the tibia produced significantly less collagen (p = 0.021) and showed lower ALP expression than those from the distal femur. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated for the first time an anatomical regional variation in the biological behaviours of osteoblasts on either side of the hip and knee joint. The lower osteoblast proliferation, matrix production, and mineralization from the acetabulum compared to those from the proximal femur may be reflected in differences in bone formation and implant fixation at these sites. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(9):611-618.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erden Ali
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Erden Ali. E-mail:
| | - Mark Birch
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niina Hopper
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil Rushton
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew W. McCaskie
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger A. Brooks
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Zhao J, Ma L, Ni Z, Liu H. In vitro facilitating role of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from patients with multiple myeloma. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1311-1322. [PMID: 33891231 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were proved to play a vital role in multiple myeloma (MM). Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) was found to have anti-tumor pharmacological effects, yet its interaction with BMMSCs remained poorly understood. Therefore, we explore the effect of PSP on osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. METHODS BMMSCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. CD90 and CD34 were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Osteogenic marks were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB). The vitality of cells treated with different concentrations of PSP was observed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). ALP staining kit was used to detect the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Alizarin red staining detected the formation of mineralized nodules. Osteoblast-associated genes were evaluated by qRT-PCR and WB. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways were tested by WB. RESULTS The BMMSCs showed good growth under an inverted microscope. FCM showed that CD34 and CD45 was low-expressed, whereas CD44, CD90 and CD105 was highly expressed. Compared with the Control group, the expressions of Runx2 and ALP in cells were significantly increased. CCK-8 showed that different concentrations of PSP had no significant effect on the viability of BMMSCs. BMMSCs treated with 25 mg/l PSP were stained the most deeply by ALP. Mineralized nodules in PSP groups dramatically increased, and hit a peak under the action of 25 mg/l PSP. PSP up-regulated p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR, but had no significant effect on PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. CONCLUSION PSP induced osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs from MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 48, Fenghao West Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Lijie Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 48, Fenghao West Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710077, China.
| | - Zengfeng Ni
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 48, Fenghao West Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710077, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 48, Fenghao West Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an, 710077, China
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Pan Q, Gao C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Mao C, Wang Q, Economidou SN, Douroumis D, Wen F, Tan LP, Li H. Investigation of bone reconstruction using an attenuated immunogenicity xenogenic composite scaffold fabricated by 3D printing. Biodes Manuf 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Choi J, Bae T, Byambasuren N, Park SH, Jo CH, Kim D, Hur JK, Hwang NS. CRISPR-Cpf1 Activation of Endogenous BMP4 Gene for Osteogenic Differentiation of Umbilical-Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:309-316. [PMID: 32021879 PMCID: PMC6994413 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR systems provide powerful genome-editing tools for wide applications in biological and medical research fields. However, the safety issue due to off-target effects of CRISPR has been one of the major hindrances of its application to regenerative medicine. The conventional CRISPR system has the intrinsic danger of inducing unpredictable mutations at non-targeted genomic loci via erroneous double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs). In this study, we demonstrate a safety-enhanced application of a recently discovered CRISPR-Cpf1 for targeted gene activation, without DNA double-strand break, to facilitate osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical-cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs). To this end, we developed a catalytically inactive AsCpf1 fused to tripartite transcription activator domain (dAsCpf1-VPR) that can induce upregulation of targeted gene expression in mammalian cells. We observed that the CRISPR-dAsCpf1-VPR activator can be applied to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of human UC-MSCs, via increasing the expression level of endogenous BMP4 gene. The results suggested that the CRISPR-Cpf1 activator provides versatile methods applicable for bone regeneration and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taegeun Bae
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ninj Byambasuren
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Institute of Bio Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chris H Jo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junho K Hur
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee Unversity, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Institute of Bio Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim Y, Lim JY, Yang GH, Seo JH, Ryu HS, Kim G. 3D-printed PCL/bioglass (BGS-7) composite scaffolds with high toughness and cell-responses for bone tissue regeneration. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Han X, Zhou X, Qiu K, Feng W, Mo H, Wang M, Wang J, He C. Strontium-incorporated mineralized PLLA nanofibrous membranes for promoting bone defect repair. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 179:363-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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12
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Mada SB, Reddi S, Kumar N, Vij R, Yadav R, Kapila S, Kapila R. Casein-derived antioxidative peptide prevents oxidative stress-induced dysfunction in osteoblast cells. PHARMANUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Hagiwara H, Nakata K, Miyazaki H, Maehashi S, Komiyama Y, Aida R, Yoshida S, Kokubu D, Hagiwara K, Yoshida K. 4-Hydroxyderricin inhibits osteoclast formation and accelerates osteoblast differentiation. Cytotechnology 2018; 71:15-22. [PMID: 30474804 PMCID: PMC6368502 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxyderricin (4-HD) is a major polyphenol of Angelica keiskei (Japanese name Ashitaba), exhibiting anti-allergic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and antitumor effects. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of 4-HD on bone formation and maintenance by using cultured osteoclasts and osteoblasts. 4-HD did not affect cell proliferation of stromal ST2 cells and preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells at concentrations of 1–10 μM. This compound inhibited the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts from mouse splenic cells, and we identified a molecular pathway of osteoclast differentiation mediated by 4-HD, which led to inhibition of the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and macrophage-colony stimulating factor in ST2 cells. By contrast, 4-HD enhanced indices of osteoblast differentiation, such as alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition by osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, at concentrations of 1–10 μM. Furthermore, we found that 4-HD at 1 μM attenuated H2O2 levels in MC3T3-E1 cells. Our findings indicate that 4-HD may have critical effects on bone formation and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Hagiwara
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8503, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Nakata
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8503, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyazaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Sanae Maehashi
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Komiyama
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8503, Japan
| | - Rieko Aida
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8503, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yoshida
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Daichi Kokubu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Keitaro Hagiwara
- Healthcare Systems Co., Ltd, 2-22-8 Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-0858, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yoshida
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 225-8503, Japan
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Zhang X, Du X, Li D, Ao R, Yu B, Yu B. Three dimensionally printed pearl powder/poly-caprolactone composite scaffolds for bone regeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:1686-1700. [PMID: 29768120 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1475096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Pearl has great potential as a natural biomaterial for bone tissue engineering, but it suffers from low porosity, difficulty in molding, and poor anti-buckling property. In this study, we used the 3-D printing technique to fabricate original pearl powder and PCL composite scaffolds with different concentrations of pearl powder. The four groups of scaffolds were termed PCL, 30% Pearl/PCL, 50% Pearl/PCL and 80% Pearl/PCL scaffolds according to the proportion of pearl powder. The samples were systematically investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide-angle XRD, liquid substitution, Zwick static materials testing, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Biological characterization included SEM, fluorescent staining using calcein-AM, cell counting kit-8 assay, alkaline phosphatase and qRT-PCR analysis. The results show that the pore size and the pore morphology of the scaffolds are closely controlled via 3-D printing. This is very beneficial for tissue growth and nutrition transmission. The regular and uniform square macropore structure ensured that the pearl powder/PCL scaffolds had favorable mechanical strength. As the concentration of pearl powder in the scaffolds increase, the compressive strength and apatite formation increase as well as cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. These results show that pearl powder/PCL scaffolds fit the requirements of bone tissue engineering. The structures as well as physicochemical and biological properties of pearl powder/PCL composite scaffolds are positively associated with pearl powder concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- a Department of Orthopedics , Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center , Shanghai 201399 , China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- b School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093 , China
| | - Dejian Li
- a Department of Orthopedics , Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center , Shanghai 201399 , China
| | - Rongguang Ao
- a Department of Orthopedics , Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center , Shanghai 201399 , China
| | - Bin Yu
- a Department of Orthopedics , Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center , Shanghai 201399 , China
| | - Baoqing Yu
- a Department of Orthopedics , Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center , Shanghai 201399 , China
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Wakelin EA, Yeo GC, McKenzie DR, Bilek MMM, Weiss AS. Plasma ion implantation enabled bio-functionalization of PEEK improves osteoblastic activity. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:026109. [PMID: 31069306 PMCID: PMC6481719 DOI: 10.1063/1.5010346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow appositional growth of bone in vivo is a major problem associated with polyether ether ketone (PEEK) based orthopaedic implants. Early stage promotion of osteoblast activity, particularly bone nodule formation, would help to improve contact between PEEK implantable materials and the surrounding bone tissue. To improve interactions with bone cells, we explored here the use of plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) treatment of PEEK to covalently immobilize biomolecules to the surface. In this study, a single step process was used to covalently immobilize tropoelastin on the surface of PIII modified PEEK through reactions with radicals generated by the treatment. Improved bioactivity was observed using the human osteoblast-like cell line, SAOS-2. Cells on surfaces that were PIII-treated or tropoelastin-coated exhibited improved attachment, spreading, proliferation, and bone nodule formation compared to cells on untreated samples. Surfaces that were both PIII-treated and tropoelastin-coated triggered the most favorable osteoblast-like responses. Surface treatment or tropoelastin coating did not alter alkaline phosphatase gene expression and activity of bound cells but did influence the expression of other bone markers including osteocalcin, osteonectin, and collagen I. We conclude that the surface modification of PEEK improves osteoblast interactions, particularly with respect to bone apposition, and enhances the orthopedic utility of PEEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A. Wakelin
- Applied and Plasma Physics, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - David R. McKenzie
- Applied and Plasma Physics, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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16
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Qi X, Pei P, Zhu M, Du X, Xin C, Zhao S, Li X, Zhu Y. Three dimensional printing of calcium sulfate and mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds for improving bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42556. [PMID: 28211911 PMCID: PMC5304193 DOI: 10.1038/srep42556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the clinic, bone defects resulting from infections, trauma, surgical resection and genetic malformations remain a significant challenge. In the field of bone tissue engineering, three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds are promising for the treatment of bone defects. In this study, calcium sulfate hydrate (CSH)/mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) scaffolds were successfully fabricated using a 3D printing technique, which had a regular and uniform square macroporous structure, high porosity and excellent apatite mineralization ability. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were cultured on scaffolds to evaluate hBMSC attachment, proliferation and osteogenesis-related gene expression. Critical-sized rat calvarial defects were applied to investigate the effect of CSH/MBG scaffolds on bone regeneration in vivo. The in vitro results showed that CSH/MBG scaffolds stimulated the adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteogenesis-related gene expression of hBMSCs. In vivo results showed that CSH/MBG scaffolds could significantly enhance new bone formation in calvarial defects compared to CSH scaffolds. Thus 3D printed CSH/MBG scaffolds would be promising candidates for promoting bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Pei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Chen Xin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shichang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
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17
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18
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Zhu Y, Wang X, Zhou Y, Zhao C, Yuan J, Wu Z, Wu S, Wang S. In situ formation of bioactive calcium titanate coatings on titanium screws for medical implants. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06597j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The special morphology of CaTiO3 coatings synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method improved titanium's in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhui Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- PR China
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
- Changsha 410082
- PR China
| | - Yilong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- PR China
| | - Cuilian Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- PR China
| | - Jianmin Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- PR China
| | - Zhenjun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- PR China
| | - Song Wu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
- Changsha 410082
- PR China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- PR China
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Ge P, Cui Y, Liu F, Luan J, Zhou X, Han J. L-carnitine affects osteoblast differentiation in NIH3T3 fibroblasts by the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Biosci Trends 2015; 9:42-8. [PMID: 25787908 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2015.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts in soft tissues are one of the progenitors of ectopic calcification. Our previous experiment found that the serum concentrations of small metabolite L-carnitine (LC) decreased in an ectopic calcification animal model, indicating LC is a potential calcification or mineralization inhibitor. In this study, we investigated the effect of LC on NIH3T3 fibroblast osteoblast differentiation, and explored its possible molecular mechanisms. Two concentrations of LC (10 μM and 100 μM) were added in Pi-induced NIH3T3 fibroblasts, cell proliferation was compared by MTT assays, osteoblast differentiation was evaluated by ALP activity, mineralized nodules formation, calcium deposition, and expressions of the osteogenic marker genes. Our results indicated that 10 μM LC increased the proliferation of NIH3T3 cells, but 100 μM LC slightly inhibited cell proliferation. 100 μM LC inhibits NIH3T3 differentiation as evidenced by decreases in ALP activity, mineralized nodule formation, calcium deposition, and down-regulation of the osteogenic marker genes ALP, Runx2 and OCN, meanwhile 10 μM of LC exerts an opposite effect that promotes NIH3T3 osteogenesis. Mechanistically, 100 μM LC significantly inhibits IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signalling, while 10 μM LC slightly activates this pathway. Our study suggests that a decease in LC level might contribute to the development of ectopic calcification in fibroblasts by affecting IGF-1/PI3K/Akt, and addition of LC may benefit patients with ectopic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinglan Ge
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, 2 School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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20
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Synergistic activity of polarised osteoblasts inside condensations cause their differentiation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11838. [PMID: 26146365 PMCID: PMC4491713 DOI: 10.1038/srep11838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Condensation of pre-osteogenic, or pre-chondrogenic, cells is the first of a series of processes that initiate skeletal development. We present a validated, novel, three-dimensional agent-based model of in vitro intramembranous osteogenic condensation. The model, informed by system heterogeneity and relying on an interaction-reliant strategy, is shown to be sensitive to ‘rules’ capturing condensation growth and can be employed to track activity of individual cells to observe their macroscopic impact. It, therefore, makes available previously inaccessible data, offering new insights and providing a new context for exploring the emergence, as well as normal and abnormal development, of osteogenic structures. Of the several stages of condensation we investigate osteoblast ‘burial’ within the osteoid they deposit. The mechanisms underlying entrapment – required for osteoblasts to differentiate into osteocytes – remain a matter of conjecture with several hypotheses claiming to capture this important transition. Computational examination of this transition indicates that osteoblasts neither turn off nor slow down their matrix secreting genes – a widely held view; nor do they secrete matrix randomly. The model further reveals that osteoblasts display polarised behaviour to deposit osteoid. This is both an important addition to our understanding of condensation and an important validation of the model’s utility.
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21
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Zhao S, Zhang J, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Tao C, Zhu Y, Zhang C. Three-dimensional printed strontium-containing mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds for repairing rat critical-sized calvarial defects. Acta Biomater 2015; 12:270-280. [PMID: 25449915 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of a new generation of biomaterials with high osteogenic ability for fast osseointegration with host bone is being intensively investigated. In this study, we have fabricated three-dimensional (3-D) strontium-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Sr-MBG) scaffolds by a 3-D printing technique. Sr-MBG scaffolds showed uniform interconnected macropores (∼400μm), high porosity (∼70%) and enhanced compressive strength (8.67±1.74MPa). Using MBG scaffolds as a control, the biological properties of Sr-MBG scaffolds were evaluated by apatite-forming ability, adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic gene expression of osteoblast-like cells MC3T3-E1. Furthermore, Sr-MBG scaffolds were used to repair critical-sized rat calvarial defects. The results showed that Sr-MBG scaffolds possessed good apatite-forming ability and stimulated MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and differentiation. Importantly, the in vivo results revealed that Sr-MBG scaffolds had good osteogenic capability and stimulated new blood vessel formation in critical-sized rat calvarial defects within 8 weeks. Therefore, 3-D printed Sr-MBG scaffolds with favorable pore structure and high osteogenic ability have more potential applications in bone regeneration.
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22
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Zhao S, Zhang J, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Ma Y, Zhu Y, Zhang C. Effects of functional groups on the structure, physicochemical and biological properties of mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1612-1623. [PMID: 32262434 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01287a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of biomaterials with specific functional groups is one of the most straightforward strategies to induce specific cell responses to biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200233
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200093
- People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200233
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongtang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics
- Changhai Hospital
- Second Military Medical University
- Shanghai 200433
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200233
- People's Republic of China
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23
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Zhang J, Ding C, Shang P. Alterations of mineral elements in osteoblast during differentiation under hypo, moderate and high static magnetic fields. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 162:153-7. [PMID: 25328139 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Static magnetic fields (SMFs) can enhance the ability of bone formation by osteoblast and is a potential physical therapy to bone disorders and the maintenance of bone health. But, the mechanism is not clear yet. Certain mineral elements including macro and trace elements are essential for normal bone metabolism. Deficiency of these elements can cause severe bone disorders including osteoporosis. However, there are few reports regarding the role of mineral elements in the regulation of bone formation under SMFs. In this study, hypomagnetic field (HyMF) of 500 nT, moderate SMF (MMF) of 0.2 T, and high SMF (HiMF) of 16 T were used to investigate the effects of SMFs on mineral element (calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, and zinc) alteration of MC3T3-E1 cells during osteoblast mineralization. The results showed that osteoblasts in differentiation accumulated more mineral elements than non-differentiated cell cultures. Furthermore, HyMF reduced osteoblast differentiation but did not affect mineral elements levels compared with control of geomagnetic field. MMF decreased osteoblast differentiation with elevated iron content. HiMF enhanced osteoblast differentiation and increased all the mineral contents except copper. It is suggested that the altered potential of osteoblast differentiation under SMFs may partially due to the involvement of different mineral elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Xilu, P.O. Box 707, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
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24
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Taylor SEB, Shah M, Orriss IR. Generation of rodent and human osteoblasts. BONEKEY REPORTS 2014; 3:585. [PMID: 25396049 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2014.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the isolation, culture and staining of primary osteoblasts from neonatal rodents and human samples. The calvaria and long-bone assays allow direct measurement of bone matrix deposition and mineralisation, as well as producing osteoblasts at defined stages of differentiation for molecular and histological analysis. Culture of human osteoblasts enables cell function to be investigated in targeted patient groups. The described methods will provide a step-by-step guide of what to expect at each stage of the culture and highlight the varied tissue culture conditions required to successfully grow osteoblasts from different sources. A special focus of this paper is the methods used for analysis of bone mineralisation and how to ensure that nonspecific mineral deposition or staining is not quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E B Taylor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mittal Shah
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London , London, UK ; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College , London, UK
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College , London, UK
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Kimira Y, Ogura K, Taniuchi Y, Kataoka A, Inoue N, Sugihara F, Nakatani S, Shimizu J, Wada M, Mano H. Collagen-derived dipeptide prolyl-hydroxyproline promotes differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:498-501. [PMID: 25285626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) is one of the major constituents of collagen-derived dipeptides. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Pro-Hyp on the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Addition of Pro-Hyp did not affect MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and matrix mineralization but alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased. Furthermore, cells treated with Pro-Hyp significantly upregulated gene expression of Runx2, Osterix, and Col1α1. These results indicate that Pro-Hyp promotes osteoblast differentiation. This study demonstrates for the first time that Pro-Hyp has a positive effect on osteoblast differentiation with upregulation of Runx2, Osterix, and Collα1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Kimira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
| | - Kana Ogura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Yuri Taniuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Aya Kataoka
- Nitta Gelatin Inc., Peptide Division, 2-22 Futamata, Yao, Osaka 581-0024, Japan
| | - Naoki Inoue
- Nitta Gelatin Inc., Peptide Division, 2-22 Futamata, Yao, Osaka 581-0024, Japan
| | - Fumihito Sugihara
- Nitta Gelatin Inc., Peptide Division, 2-22 Futamata, Yao, Osaka 581-0024, Japan
| | - Sachie Nakatani
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
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Zhao S, Zhu M, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhu Y, Zhang C. Three dimensionally printed mesoporous bioactive glass and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) composite scaffolds for bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6106-6118. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00838c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bovine collagen peptides compounds promote the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99920. [PMID: 24926875 PMCID: PMC4057461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Collagen peptides (CP) compounds, as bone health supplements, are known to play a role in the treatment of osteoporosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of this process remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of bovine CP compounds on the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods Mouse pre-osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells were treated with bovine CP compounds. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assays and the cell cycle was evaluated by flow cytometry scanning. Furthermore, MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation was analyzed at the RNA level by real-time PCR and at the protein level by western blot analysis for runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a colorimetric p-nitrophenyl phosphate assay for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and ELISA for osteocalcin (OC). Finally, alizarin red staining for mineralization was measured using Image Software Pro Plus 6.0. Results Cell proliferation was very efficient after treatment with different concentrations of bovine CP compounds, and the best concentration was 3 mg/mL. Bovine CP compounds significantly increased the percentage of MC3T3-E1 cells in G2/S phase. Runx2 expression, ALP activity, and OC production were significantly increased after treatment with bovine CP compounds for 7 or 14 days. Quantitative analyses with alizarin red staining showed significantly increased mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells after treatment with bovine CP compounds for 14 or 21 days. Conclusions Bovine CP compounds increased osteoblast proliferation, and played positive roles in osteoblast differentiation and mineralized bone matrix formation. Taking all the experiments together, our study indicates a molecular mechanism for the potential treatment of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis.
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Three-dimensional printing of strontium-containing mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2269-81. [PMID: 24412143 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated strontium-containing mesoporous bioactive glass (Sr-MBG) scaffolds with controlled architecture and enhanced mechanical strength using a three-dimensional (3-D) printing technique. The study showed that Sr-MBG scaffolds had uniform interconnected macropores and high porosity, and their compressive strength was ∼170 times that of polyurethane foam templated MBG scaffolds. The physicochemical and biological properties of Sr-MBG scaffolds were evaluated by ion dissolution, apatite-forming ability and proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteogenic expression and extracelluar matrix mineralization of osteoblast-like cells MC3T3-E1. The results showed that Sr-MBG scaffolds exhibited a slower ion dissolution rate and more significant potential to stabilize the pH environment with increasing Sr substitution. Importantly, Sr-MBG scaffolds possessed good apatite-forming ability, and stimulated osteoblast cells' proliferation and differentiation. Using dexamethasone as a model drug, Sr-MBG scaffolds also showed a sustained drug delivery property for use in local drug delivery therapy, due to their mesoporous structure. Therefore, the 3-D printed Sr-MBG scaffolds combined the advantages of Sr-MBG such as good bone-forming bioactivity, controlled ion release and drug delivery and enhanced mechanical strength, and had potential application in bone regeneration.
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Apigenin inhibits osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis and prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:357-65. [PMID: 24500394 PMCID: PMC4329293 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol have been reported to have physiological effects with respect to alleviating diseases such as osteoporosis and osteopetrosis. We recently reported that the olive polyphenol hydroxytyrosol accelerates bone formation both in vivo and in vitro. The present study was designed to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro effects of apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), one of the major polyphenols in olives and parsley, on bone formation by using cultured osteoblasts and osteoclasts and ovariectomized (OVX) mice, respectively. Apigenin markedly inhibited cell proliferation and indices of osteoblast differentiation, such as collagen production, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells at concentrations of 1–10 μM. At 10 μM, apigenin completely inhibited the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts from mouse splenic cells. Moreover, injection of apigenin at 10 mg kg−1 body weight significantly suppressed trabecular bone loss in the femurs of OVX mice. Our findings indicate that apigenin may have critical effects on bone maintenance in vivo.
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Ghita A, Pascut FC, Sottile V, Notingher I. Monitoring the mineralisation of bone nodules in vitro by space- and time-resolved Raman micro-spectroscopy. Analyst 2014; 139:55-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01716h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Leal AI, Caridade SG, Ma J, Yu N, Gomes ME, Reis RL, Jansen JA, Walboomers XF, Mano JF. Asymmetric PDLLA membranes containing Bioglass® for guided tissue regeneration: Characterization and in vitro biological behavior. Dent Mater 2013; 29:427-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Comparative Evaluation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Fetal (Wharton's Jelly) and Adult (Adipose Tissue) Origin during Prolonged In Vitro Expansion: Considerations for Cytotherapy. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:246134. [PMID: 23533440 PMCID: PMC3603673 DOI: 10.1155/2013/246134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are somatic cells with a dual capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, and diverse therapeutic applicability, both experimentally and in the clinic. These cells can be isolated from various human tissues that may differ anatomically or developmentally with relative ease. Heterogeneity due to biological origin or in vitro manipulation is, nevertheless, considerable and may equate to differences in qualitative and quantitative characteristics which can prove crucial for successful therapeutic use. With this in mind, in the present study we have evaluated the proliferation kinetics and phenotypic characteristics of MSCs derived from two abundant sources, that is, fetal umbilical cord matrix (Wharton's jelly) and adult adipose tissue (termed WJSC and ADSC, resp.) during prolonged in vitro expansion, a process necessary for obtaining cell numbers sufficient for clinical application. Our results show that WJSC are derived with relatively high efficiency and bear a substantially increased proliferation capacity whilst largely sustaining the expression of typical immunophenotypic markers, whereas ADSC exhibit a reduced proliferation potential showing typical signs of senescence at an early stage. By combining kinetic with phenotypic data we identify culture thresholds up to which both cell types maintain their stem properties, and we discuss the practical implications of their differences.
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Zhu Y, Shang F, Li B, Dong Y, Liu Y, Lohe MR, Hanagata N, Kaskel S. Magnetic mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds: preparation, physicochemistry and biological properties. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1279-1288. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00262k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang W, Olson D, Liang G, Franceschi RT, Li C, Wang B, Wang SS, Yang S. Collagen XXIV (Col24α1) promotes osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization through TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:1310-22. [PMID: 23139630 PMCID: PMC3492790 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen XXIV (Col24α1) is a recently discovered fibrillar collagen. It is known that mouse Col24α1 is predominantly expressed in the forming skeleton of the mouse embryo, as well as in the trabecular bone and periosteum of the newborn mouse. However, the role and mechanism of Col24α1 in osteoblast differentiation and mineralization remains unclear. By analyzing the expression pattern of Col24α1, we confirmed that it is primarily expressed in bone tissues, and this expression gradually increased concomitant with the progression of osteoblast differentiation. Through the use of a lentivirus vector-mediated interference system, silencing Col24α1 expression in MC3T3-E1 murine preosteoblastic cells resulted in significant inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, cell mineralization, and the expression of osteoblast marker genes such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN), ALP, and type I collagen (Col I). Subsequent overexpression not only rescued the deficiency in osteoblast differentiation from Col24α1 silenced cells, but also enhanced osteoblastic differentiation in control cells. We further revealed that Col24α1 interacts with integrin β3, and silencing Col24α1 up-regulated the expression of Smad7 during osteoblast differentiation while at the same time inhibiting the phosphorylation of the Smad2/3 complex. These results suggest that Col24α1 imparts some of its regulatory control on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization at least partially through interaction with integrin β3 and the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) /Smads signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Wang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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Alm JJ, Heino TJ, Hentunen TA, Väänänen HK, Aro HT. Transient 100 nM dexamethasone treatment reduces inter- and intraindividual variations in osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:658-66. [PMID: 22428545 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of in vitro culturing techniques for osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) is important for cell biology research and the development of tissue-engineering applications. Dexamethasone (Dex) is a commonly used supplement, but the optimal use of Dex treatment is still unclear. By adjusting the timing of Dex supplementation, the negative effects of long-term Dex treatment could be overcome. Transient Dex treatment could contribute toward minimizing broad donor variation, which is a major challenge. We compared the two most widely used Dex concentrations of 10 and 100 nM as transient or continuous treatment and studied inter- and intraindividual variations in osteoblastic differentiation of hMSC. Characterized bone marrow-derived hMSC from 17 female donors of different age groups were used. During osteoblastic induction, the cells were treated with 10 or 100 nM Dex either transiently for different time periods or continuously. Differentiation was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and staining for ALP, von Kossa, collagen type I, and osteocalcin. Cell proliferation, cell viability, and apoptosis were also monitored. The strongest osteoblastic differentiation was observed when 100 nM Dex was present for the first week. In terms of inter- and intraindividual coefficients of variations, transient treatment with 100 nM Dex was superior to the other culture conditions and showed the lowest variations in all age groups. This study demonstrates that the temporary presence of 100 nM Dex during the first week of induction culture promotes hMSC osteoblastic differentiation and reduces inter- and intraindividual variations. With this protocol, we can reproducibly produce functional osteoblasts in vitro from the hMSC of different donor populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Alm
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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36
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Gustavsson J, Planell J, Engel E. Ion-selective electrodes to monitor osteoblast-like cellular influence on the extracellular concentration of calcium. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:609-20. [DOI: 10.1002/term.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Sabbieti MG, Agas D, Maggi F, Vittori S, Marchetti L. Molecular mediators involved in Ferulago campestris essential oil effects on osteoblast metabolism. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:3742-54. [PMID: 21815199 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effects of the essential oil obtained from fruits of Ferulago campestris (FC) on primary calvarial mouse osteoblasts (COBs). The composition of the oil was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (78.8-80.3%), with myrcene (33.4-39.7%), α-pinene (22.7-23.0%), and γ-terpinene (8.1-10.9%) as the major components. Owing to their lipophilic properties, these compounds easily cross cell membranes and affect bone cell function by stimulating or inhibiting specific molecular pathways. We demonstrated, for the first time, that FC oil increased osteoblast proliferation by MAP kinase activation; in addition, oils enhanced the protein kinase AKT, which is known to be critical for control of cell survival, also in presence of the MEK-1 inhibitor PD98059, and this effect was accompanied with a down-regulation of pro-apototic molecules such as Bax and caspases. Interestingly, FC oil significantly increased Runx2 (Runx2/Pebp2αA/AML3) and phospho-Smad1/5/8 protein level, the master regulators of osteoblast differentiation, and their nuclear localization. PD98059 pre-treatment further improved Runx2/phospho-Smads up-regulation. Thus, FC oils influence osteoblast metabolism probably using alternative signaling pathways depending also on the maturation stage of the cells. Taken together our data delineate a positive function of FC oil on osteoblast metabolism, suggesting its possible use as a dietetic integrator in the prevention or in the therapy of pathologies due to impaired bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Sabbieti
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, I-62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
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38
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Abstract
Adamantinoma of long bones and osteofibrous dysplasia are rare, osteolytic primary bone tumours of uncertain origin containing areas of fibrous and fibro-osseous proliferation. We investigated the nature of the stromal cells in adamantinoma of long bones and osteofibrous dysplasia, and determined cellular and molecular mechanisms of osteolysis in these tumours. Cell culture, molecular (RT-PCR, western blot) and immunohistochemical studies on cases of adamantinoma of long bones and of osteofibrous dysplasia were undertaken to determine the expression of epithelial, osteoblast and osteoclast markers. Ultrastructural and immunophenotypic studies on cultured adamantinoma and osteofibrous dysplasia stromal cells showed that these cells were mainly fibroblast-like with few cells expressing epithelial markers. Osteofibrous dysplasia but not adamantinoma cells expressed alkaline phosphatase. Both osteofibrous dysplasia and adamantinoma cells expressed the ostoclastogenic factors M-CSF and RANKL. Adamantinoma and osteofibrous dysplasia cells also expressed messenger RNA for osteocalcin, osteonectin, osteopontin, osterix and collagen type 1. Adamantinoma and osteofibrous dysplasia cells cultured alone on dentine slices were not capable of lacunar resorption, but in co-cultures with monocytes induced formation of osteoclast-like cells was observered. Cultured osteofibrous dysplasia and adamantinoma stromal cells show similar ultrastructural and immunophenotypic characteristics, and differentially express osteoblast markers. Promotion of osteoclastogenesis by stromal cells may contribute to osteolysis in adamantinoma of long bones and osteofibrous dysplasia.
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Gartland A, Rumney RMH, Dillon JP, Gallagher JA. Isolation and culture of human osteoblasts. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 806:337-55. [PMID: 22057462 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-367-7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton is a dynamic organ that is constantly active throughout life. The highly coordinated actions of bone cells early in life determine the body's shape and form, whilst the constant remodelling (bone resorption followed by an equal amount of bone formation) during adulthood helps to maintain skeletal mass and repair microdamage. When the balance of bone resorption and bone formation becomes unequal, bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, occur. In order to develop drugs to combat bone disease, it is important to know the regulatory systems involved in normal bone formation and resorption. In this chapter, we concentrate on bone formation, providing a detailed guide to isolating and culturing primary human osteoblasts in bone explant cultures, as well as the methodology used to characterise and monitor the function of osteoblasts. In combination, these methods provide a powerful tool in bone cell biology and in the development of new novel treatments for bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Gartland
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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4-Nonylphenol triggers apoptosis and affects 17-β-Estradiol receptors in calvarial osteoblasts. Toxicology 2011; 290:334-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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41
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Rashidi H, Strohbuecker S, Jackson L, Kalra S, Blake AJ, France L, Tufarelli C, Sottile V. Differences in the pattern and regulation of mineral deposition in human cell lines of osteogenic and non-osteogenic origin. Cells Tissues Organs 2011; 195:484-94. [PMID: 22123583 DOI: 10.1159/000329861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used as a cellular model of bone formation, and can mineralize in vitro in response to osteogenic medium (OM). It is unclear, however, whether this property is specific to cells of mesenchymal origin. We analysed the OM response in 3 non-osteogenic lines, HEK293, HeLa and NTera, compared to MSCs. Whereas HEK293 cells failed to respond to OM conditions, the 2 carcinoma-derived lines NTera and HeLa deposited a calcium phosphate mineral comparable to that present in MSC cultures. However, unlike MSCs, HeLa and NTera cultures did so in the absence of dexamethasone. This discrepancy was confirmed, as bone morphogenetic protein inhibition obliterated the OM response in MSCs but not in HeLa or NTera, indicating that these 2 models can deposit mineral through a mechanism independent of established dexamethasone or bone morphogenetic protein signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rashidi
- School of Clinical Sciences, Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, The University of Nottingham, UK
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42
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Gurkan UA, Kishore V, Condon KW, Bellido TM, Akkus O. A scaffold-free multicellular three-dimensional in vitro model of osteogenesis. Calcif Tissue Int 2011; 88:388-401. [PMID: 21318400 PMCID: PMC10132772 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-011-9467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models of osteogenesis are essential for investigating bone biology and the effects of pharmaceutical, chemical, and physical cues on bone formation. Osteogenesis takes place in a complex three-dimensional (3D) environment with cells from both mesenchymal and hematopoietic origins. Existing in vitro models of osteogenesis include two-dimensional (2D) single type cell monolayers and 3D cultures. However, an in vitro scaffold-free multicellular 3D model of osteogenesis is missing. We hypothesized that the self-inductive ossification capacity of bone marrow tissue can be harnessed in vitro and employed as a scaffold-free multicellular 3D model of osteogenesis. Therefore, rat bone marrow tissue was cultured for 28 days in three settings: 2D monolayer, 3D homogenized pellet, and 3D organotypic explant. The ossification potential of marrow in each condition was quantified by micro-computed tomography. The 3D organotypic marrow explant culture resulted in the greatest level of ossification with plate-like bone formations (up to 5 mm in diameter and 0.24 mm in thickness). To evaluate the mimicry of the organotypic marrow explants to newly forming native bone tissue, detailed compositional and morphological analyses were performed, including characterization of the ossified matrix by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, Raman microspectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, backscattered electron microscopy, and micromechanical tests. The results indicated that the 3D organotypic marrow explant culture model mimics newly forming native bone tissue in terms of the characteristics studied. Therefore, this platform holds significant potential to be used as a model of osteogenesis, offering an alternative to in vitro monolayer cultures and in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut A Gurkan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
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43
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Hagiwara K, Goto T, Araki M, Miyazaki H, Hagiwara H. Olive polyphenol hydroxytyrosol prevents bone loss. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 662:78-84. [PMID: 21539839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols reportedly exert physiological effects against diseases such as cancer, arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and osteoporosis. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, the major polyphenols in olives, on bone formation using cultured osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and on bone loss in ovariectomized mice. No polyphenols markedly affected the proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells at concentrations up to 10μM. Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol at 10 to 100μM had no effect on the production of type I collagen and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in MC3T3-E1 cells, but stimulated the deposition of calcium in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, oleuropein at 10 to 100μM and hydroxytyrosol at 50 to 100μM inhibited the formation of multinucleated osteoclasts in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, both compounds suppressed the bone loss of trabecular bone in femurs of ovariectomized mice (6-week-old BALB/c female mice), while hydroxytyrosol attenuated H(2)O(2) levels in MC3T3-E1 cells. Our findings indicate that the olive polyphenols oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol may have critical effects on the formation and maintenance of bone, and can be used as effective remedies in the treatment of osteoporosis symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Hagiwara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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44
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A scaffold-free in vitro model for osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Cell 2011; 43:91-100. [PMID: 21329953 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For studying cellular processes three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models are of a high importance. For tissue engineering approaches osseous differentiation is performed on 3D scaffolds, but material depending influences promote cellular processes like adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. To investigate developmental processes of mesenchymal stem cells without cell-substrate interactions, self-contained in vitro models mimicking physiological condition are required. However, with respect to scientific investigations and pharmaceutical tests, it is essential that these tissue models are well characterised and are of a high reproducibility. In order to establish an appropriate in vitro model for bone formation, different protocols are compared and optimised regarding their aggregate formation efficiency, homogeneity of the aggregates, the viability and their ability to induce differentiation into the osteogenic lineage. The protocols for the generation of 3D cell models are based on rotation culture, hanging drop technique, and the cultivation in non adhesive culture vessels (single vessels as well as 96 well plates). To conclude, the cultivation of hMSCs in 96 well non adhesive plates facilitates an easy way to cultivate homogenous cellular aggregates with high performance efficiency in parallel. The size can be controlled by the initial cell density per well and within this spheroids, bone formation has been induced.
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45
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Li HW, Sun JY. Effects of Dicalcium Silicate Coating Ionic Dissolution Products on Human Mesenchymal Stem-Cell Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:112-28. [PMID: 21672314 DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of ionic dissolution products released from dicalcium silicate (DS) coatings on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), cultured in the presence or absence of the dissolution products, with or without osteogenic supplements (OS). DS+ medium promoted cell proliferation during the first 4 days, but then inhibited proliferation. DS+OS− medium increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity on day 14, and upregulated runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteonectin mRNA on days 7 and 14, respectively. The addition of osteogenic supplements (DS+OS+) led to a significant increase in ALP activity from days 7 to 21, upregulation of osteogenic markers on day 14, and formation of more mineralized nodules on day 28. The results demonstrated that the ionic dissolution products from DS coating alone can partly induce osteogenic differentiation of hMSC, and that the addition of osteogenic supplements further enhances osteoblast-specific gene expression and mineralization in hMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-W Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - J-Y Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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46
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Zhu Y, Li X, Yang J, Wang S, Gao H, Hanagata N. Composition–structure–property relationships of the CaO–MxOy–SiO2–P2O5 (M = Zr, Mg, Sr) mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) scaffolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10838g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Association of collagen with calcium phosphate promoted osteogenic responses of osteoblast-like MG63 cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 83:245-53. [PMID: 21177080 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation, the effects of the association of the collagen (COLL) molecules with the calcium phosphate (CaP) film were examined with respect to both the physicochemical properties of the CaP films and the osteoblast responses, such as the adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. The COLL pre-adsorbed CaP film (CaPA) exhibited significant changes in the surface morphology compared to the COLL incorporated CaP film (CaPC). The adhesions of the osteoblast-like MG63 cells were similar on the CaPC or CaPA films. However, the proliferation of the MG63 cells on CaPC was comparable to CaP but considerably different than CaPA. The differentiation of the MG63 cells was greatly improved on CaPC and CaPA compared to CaP and more pronounced on CaPA. The presence of COLL within or on the CaP films significantly modulated the expression of the phenotypic genes, including osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The expression patterns of these genes elucidated that COLL that was present within or on the CaP film supported the osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. These positive effects were stronger for CaPA than CaPC. The bone-like nodules formed on all of the specimens. However, the mineralization of CaPC and CaPA was significantly higher than CaP, indicating that the association of CaP with COLL promoted the mineral deposition. Therefore, the association of the COLL molecules with the CaP film induced positive effects on the biomineralization. Overall, the incorporation of COLL efficiently enhanced the osteoblast responses of CaP. This system can be utilized in a drug delivery system using calcium phosphate. Although the incorporation effects were slightly higher for the osteoblast responses of CaPA than CaPC, CaPC can be used when the longer drug release times are desirable.
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48
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Wang CJ, Chen IP, Koczon-Jaremko B, Boskey AL, Ueki Y, Kuhn L, Reichenberger EJ. Pro416Arg cherubism mutation in Sh3bp2 knock-in mice affects osteoblasts and alters bone mineral and matrix properties. Bone 2010; 46:1306-15. [PMID: 20117257 PMCID: PMC2854251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.01.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cherubism is an autosomal dominant disorder in children characterized by unwarranted symmetrical bone resorption of the jaws with fibrous tissue deposition. Mutations causing cherubism have been identified in the adaptor protein SH3BP2. Knock-in mice with a Pro416Arg mutation in Sh3bp2 exhibit a generalized osteoporotic bone phenotype. In this study, we examined the effects of this "cherubism" mutation on spectroscopic indices of "bone quality" and on osteoblast differentiation. Fourier-transform infrared imaging (FTIRI) analysis of femurs from wild-type and Sh3bp2 knock-in mice showed decreased mineral content, decreased mineral crystallinity/crystal size, and increased collagen maturity in homozygous mutants. To assess osteoblast maturation in vivo, knock-in mice were crossed with transgenic mice over-expressing GFP driven by 3.6-kb or 2.3-kb Col1a1 promoter fragments. Reduced numbers of mature osteoblasts were observed in homozygous mice. Neonatal calvarial cultures, which were enriched for osteoblasts by depletion of hematopoietic cells (negative selection for Ter119- and CD45-positive cells) were investigated for osteoblast-specific gene expression and differentiation, which demonstrated that differentiation and mineralization in homozygous osteoblast cultures was impaired. Co-cultures with calvarial osteoblasts and bone marrow macrophages showed that mutant osteoblasts appear to increase osteoclastogenesis resulting in increased bone resorption on bone chips. In summary, the Sh3bp2 mutation in cherubism mice alters bone quality, reduces osteoblast function, and may contribute to excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts. Our data, together with previous osteoclast studies, demonstrate a critical role of Sh3bp2 in bone remodeling and osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiachien J Wang
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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49
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Wang Y, Hou L, Li C, Guan W, Chen L, Li X, Yue W, Ma YH. Isolation, culture and biological characteristics of primordial germ cells from Beijing fatty chicken. J Reprod Dev 2010; 56:303-8. [PMID: 20228615 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.09-126n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the isolation and culture process of Beijing fatty chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) and investigate their biological characteristics. The PGCs isolated from the genital ridges of Beijing fatty chicken (Gallus domesticus) embryos after 5.5 days of incubation were co-cultured with mice embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). The results showed that the PGCs of the Beijing fatty chicken were positive for periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining. These cells could proliferate for a prolonged time in vitro and maintain diploid karyotype. Immunocytochemical staining showed that they expressed SSEA-1, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81, and real-time PCR showed that they expressed Cvh, CDH and Dazl. They could form simple embryoid bodies and differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro. In addition, after transfected with pEGFP-N3, pEYFP-N1 and pDsRed-N1 vectors by liposomal transfection, enhanced green, yellow and red fluorescent protein-positive cells could be visualized using a laser confocal microscope. The above results suggested that PGCs from the Beijing fatty chicken not only had strong self-renewal ability, but also had the potential to differentiate towards mesoblast cells. These cells are suitable for genetic manipulation as nuclear donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
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50
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Yamasaki K, Hagiwara H. Excess iron inhibits osteoblast metabolism. Toxicol Lett 2009; 191:211-5. [PMID: 19735707 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hemochromatosis is an iron overload disorder associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis. To learn more about the effects of iron on bone cells, we examined the effects of ferric ion on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of two types of cultured osteoblasts, the cell line MC3T3-E1 and rat calvarial osteoblast-like (ROB) cells. We used ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) as a donor of ferric ion, and FAC inhibited the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. FAC (0.1-1 microg/ml) inhibited indices of osteoblast differentiation, such as the expression of type I collagen (mRNA and protein), the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and the deposition of calcium by osteoblasts. These results suggest that iron overload might give rise to osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Yamasaki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama 225-8502, Japan
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