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Hussain SI, Muhammad N, Shah SA, Rehman AU, Khan SA, Saleha S, Khan YM, Muhammad N, Khan S, Wasif N. Variants in HCFC1 and MN1 genes causing intellectual disability in two Pakistani families. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:176. [PMID: 38956580 PMCID: PMC11221130 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting around 2% of children and young adults worldwide, characterized by deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. Genetic factors contribute to the development of ID phenotypes, including mutations and structural changes in chromosomes. Pathogenic variants in the HCFC1 gene cause X-linked mental retardation syndrome, also known as Siderius type X-linked mental retardation. The MN1 gene is necessary for palate development, and mutations in this gene result in a genetic condition called CEBALID syndrome. METHODS Exome sequencing was used to identify the disease-causing variants in two affected families, A and B, from various regions of Pakistan. Affected individuals in these two families presented ID, developmental delay, and behavioral abnormalities. The validation and co-segregation analysis of the filtered variant was carried out using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS In an X-linked family A, a novel hemizygous missense variant (c.5705G > A; p.Ser1902Asn) in the HCFC1 gene (NM_005334.3) was identified, while in family B exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous nonsense variant (c.3680 G > A; p. Trp1227Ter) in exon-1 of the MN1 gene (NM_032581.4). Sanger sequencing confirmed the segregation of these variants with ID in each family. CONCLUSIONS The investigation of two Pakistani families revealed pathogenic genetic variants in the HCFC1 and MN1 genes, which cause ID and expand the mutational spectrum of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Iqra Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nazif Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Ali Shah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Adil U Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sher Alam Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khatak University, Karak, Pakistan
| | - Shamim Saleha
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yar Muhammad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology (KUST), Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Naveed Wasif
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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Trizuljak J, Duben J, Blaháková I, Vrzalová Z, Kozubík KS, Štika J, Radová L, Bergerová V, Mejstříková S, Hořínová V, Jančálek R, Pospíšilová Š, Doubek M. Extensive, 3.8 Mb-Sized Deletion of 22q12 in a Patient with Bilateral Schwannoma, Intellectual Disability, Sensorineural Hearing Loss, and Epilepsy. Mol Syndromol 2023; 14:439-448. [PMID: 37908896 PMCID: PMC10613852 DOI: 10.1159/000528744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In contrast with the well-known and described deletion of the 22q11 chromosome region responsible for DiGeorge syndrome, 22q12 deletions are much rarer. Only a few dozen cases have been reported so far. This region contains genes responsible for cell cycle control, chromatin modification, transmembrane signaling, cell adhesion, and neural development, as well as several cancer predisposition genes. Case Presentation We present a patient with cleft palate, sensorineural hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction, epilepsy, mild to moderate intellectual disability, divergent strabism, pes equinovarus, platyspondylia, and bilateral schwannoma. Using Microarray-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH), we identified the de novo 3.8 Mb interstitial deletion at 22q12.1→22q12.3. We confirmed deletion of the critical NF2 region by MLPA analysis. Discussion Large 22q12 deletion in the proband encases the critical NF2 region, responsible for development of bilateral schwannoma. We compared the phenotype of the patient with previously reported cases. Interestingly, our patient developed cleft palate even without deletion of the MN1 gene, deemed responsible in previous studies. We also strongly suspect the DEPDC5 gene deletion to be responsible for seizures, consistent with previously reported cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Trizuljak
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Duben
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivona Blaháková
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Vrzalová
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Staňo Kozubík
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Štika
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Bergerová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Mejstříková
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Hořínová
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Outpatient Ward for Genetics, Hospital Jihlava, Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Jančálek
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne University Hospital, Brno, and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Pospíšilová
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Yu J, Li C, Chen J, Ran Q, Zhao Y, Cao Q, Chen X, Yu L, Li W, Zhao Z. Diagnosis and treatment of MN1 C-terminal truncation syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e1965. [PMID: 36124717 PMCID: PMC9651612 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MN1 C-terminal truncation (MCTT) is a rare syndrome; only 27 cases have been reported. We report the first case of an 8-year-old girl with MCTT syndrome complicated with moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS MCTT syndrome was diagnosed by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and validated by Sanger sequencing. The patient received 2 years of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to relieve sleep apnea and hypoxia, and a reverse sector fan-shaped expander for maxillary expansion. RESULTS WES revealed a de novo MN1 variant, c.3760C>T (p.[Q1254*]). An arachnoid cyst was found in the right occipital brain. The patient presented mild symptoms of classic MCTT syndrome. The patient did not experience hearing loss and only mild intellectual disability. Radiological examinations showed cleft secondary palate, narrow upper arch, narrow upper airway, and mandibular skeletal retrusion. Polysomnography indicated moderate OSA, with an apnea/hypopnea index of 6.8, which decreased to 1 after CPAP during the night. Two-year maxillary expansion widened the upper arch, and the cleft secondary palate became visible. The mandible moved forward spontaneously, resulting in the improvement of profile and upper airway widening. General physical conditions, such as motor delay, muscle weakness, and developmental delay, were significantly improved two years later. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we discovered a MN1 variant [NM_002430.2: c.3760C>T, p.Q1254*] that causes mild MCTT symptoms compared to other MN1 variants. For patients with MCTT complicated with OSA, multidisciplinary combination therapy can improve maxillofacial development, widen the upper airway and relieve sleep apnea, improving the general physical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjia Yu
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Li
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuchi Ran
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingya Zhao
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingxin Cao
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Ximeng Chen
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Linnan Yu
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenjin Zhao
- The First Clinic, Orthodontic Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
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4
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Shu L, He D, Wu D, Peng Y, Xi H, Mao X, Wang H. MN1 gene loss-of-function mutation causes cleft palate in a pedigree. Brain 2021; 144:e18. [PMID: 33351070 PMCID: PMC7940500 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Shu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
- Department of School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dinghua He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Mao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
- Correspondence may also be addressed to: Xiao Mao E-mail:
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
- Correspondence to: Hua Wang Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China E-mail:
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Varadarajan S, Balaji TM, Raj AT, Gupta AA, Patil S, Alhazmi TH, Alaqi HAA, Al Omar NEM, Almutaher SABA, Jafer AA, Hedad IA. Genetic Mutations Associated with Pierre Robin Syndrome/Sequence: A Systematic Review. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:69-86. [PMID: 34012376 DOI: 10.1159/000513217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pierre Robin syndrome/sequence (PRS) is associated with a triad of symptoms that includes micrognathia, cleft palate, and glossoptosis that may lead to respiratory obstruction. The syndrome occurs in 2 forms: nonsyndromic PRS (nsPRS), and PRS associated with other syndromes (sPRS). Studies have shown varying genetic mutations associated with both nsPRS and sPRS. The present systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive collection of published literature reporting genetic mutations in PRS. Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were searched using the keywords: "Pierre Robin syndrome/sequence AND gene mutation." The search resulted in 208 articles, of which 93 were excluded as they were duplicates/irrelevant. The full-text assessment led to the further exclusion of 76 articles. From the remaining 39 articles included in the review, details of 324 cases were extracted. 56% of the cases were sPRS, and 22% of the cases were associated with other malformations and the remaining were nsPRS. Genetic mutations were noted in 30.9% of the 300 cases. Based on the review, SOX9 was found to be the most common gene associated with both nsPRS and sPRS. The gene mutation in sPRS was specific to the associated syndrome. Due to the lack of original studies, a quantitative analysis was not possible. Thus, future studies must focus on conducting large-scale cohort studies. Along with generating data on genetic mutation, future studies must also conduct pedigree analysis to assess potential familial inheritance, which in turn could provide valuable insights into the etiopathogenesis of PRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Varadarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | | | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Archana A Gupta
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Hassan Alhazmi
- Community Dental Unit, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Neda Essa M Al Omar
- Community Dental Unit, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ismaeel Abker Hedad
- Community Dental Unit, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Mak CCY, Doherty D, Lin AE, Vegas N, Cho MT, Viot G, Dimartino C, Weisfeld-Adams JD, Lessel D, Joss S, Li C, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Zarate YA, Ehmke N, Horn D, Troyer C, Kant SG, Lee Y, Ishak GE, Leung G, Barone Pritchard A, Yang S, Bend EG, Filippini F, Roadhouse C, Lebrun N, Mehaffey MG, Martin PM, Apple B, Millan F, Puk O, Hoffer MJV, Henderson LB, McGowan R, Wentzensen IM, Pei S, Zahir FR, Yu M, Gibson WT, Seman A, Steeves M, Murrell JR, Luettgen S, Francisco E, Strom TM, Amlie-Wolf L, Kaindl AM, Wilson WG, Halbach S, Basel-Salmon L, Lev-El N, Denecke J, Vissers LELM, Radtke K, Chelly J, Zackai E, Friedman JM, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Reid RR, Devriendt K, Chae JH, Stolerman E, McDougall C, Powis Z, Bienvenu T, Tan TY, Orenstein N, Dobyns WB, Shieh JT, Choi M, Waggoner D, Gripp KW, Parker MJ, Stoler J, Lyonnet S, Cormier-Daire V, Viskochil D, Hoffman TL, Amiel J, Chung BHY, Gordon CT. MN1 C-terminal truncation syndrome is a novel neurodevelopmental and craniofacial disorder with partial rhombencephalosynapsis. Brain 2020; 143:55-68. [PMID: 31834374 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MN1 encodes a transcriptional co-regulator without homology to other proteins, previously implicated in acute myeloid leukaemia and development of the palate. Large deletions encompassing MN1 have been reported in individuals with variable neurodevelopmental anomalies and non-specific facial features. We identified a cluster of de novo truncating mutations in MN1 in a cohort of 23 individuals with strikingly similar dysmorphic facial features, especially midface hypoplasia, and intellectual disability with severe expressive language delay. Imaging revealed an atypical form of rhombencephalosynapsis, a distinctive brain malformation characterized by partial or complete loss of the cerebellar vermis with fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, in 8/10 individuals. Rhombencephalosynapsis has no previously known definitive genetic or environmental causes. Other frequent features included perisylvian polymicrogyria, abnormal posterior clinoid processes and persistent trigeminal artery. MN1 is encoded by only two exons. All mutations, including the recurrent variant p.Arg1295* observed in 8/21 probands, fall in the terminal exon or the extreme 3' region of exon 1, and are therefore predicted to result in escape from nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. This was confirmed in fibroblasts from three individuals. We propose that the condition described here, MN1 C-terminal truncation (MCTT) syndrome, is not due to MN1 haploinsufficiency but rather is the result of dominantly acting C-terminally truncated MN1 protein. Our data show that MN1 plays a critical role in human craniofacial and brain development, and opens the door to understanding the biological mechanisms underlying rhombencephalosynapsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Y Mak
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angela E Lin
- Medical Genetics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy Vegas
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | | | - Géraldine Viot
- Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre (HUPC), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Clémantine Dimartino
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - James D Weisfeld-Adams
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chumei Li
- McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Yuri A Zarate
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Nadja Ehmke
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caitlin Troyer
- Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sarina G Kant
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Youngha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gisele E Ishak
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gordon Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | | | | | - Eric G Bend
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA.,PreventionGenetics, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Francesca Filippini
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Lebrun
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre-Marie Martin
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Apple
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado-Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Oliver Puk
- Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mariette J V Hoffer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ruth McGowan
- West of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Steven Pei
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Farah R Zahir
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mullin Yu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - William T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ann Seman
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcie Steeves
- Medical Genetics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jill R Murrell
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sabine Luettgen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Louise Amlie-Wolf
- Division of Medical Genetics, A I duPont Hospital for Children/Nemours, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Neurology and Center for Chronically Sick Children, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - William G Wilson
- Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sara Halbach
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lina Basel-Salmon
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Pediatric Genetics Clinic, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Noa Lev-El
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Jonas Denecke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisenka E L M Vissers
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly Radtke
- Clinical Genomics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Laboratoire de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan M Friedman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Russell R Reid
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Department of Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Carey McDougall
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zöe Powis
- Clinical Genomics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, HUPC, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Tiong Y Tan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Naama Orenstein
- Pediatric Genetics Clinic, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph T Shieh
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Darrel Waggoner
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karen W Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, A I duPont Hospital for Children/Nemours, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Michael J Parker
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
| | - Joan Stoler
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David Viskochil
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Trevor L Hoffman
- Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Anaheim, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Brian H Y Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Christopher T Gordon
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Human Malformation, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
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7
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Gain-of-Function MN1 Truncation Variants Cause a Recognizable Syndrome with Craniofacial and Brain Abnormalities. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:13-25. [PMID: 31839203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
MN1 was originally identified as a tumor-suppressor gene. Knockout mouse studies have suggested that Mn1 is associated with craniofacial development. However, no MN1-related phenotypes have been established in humans. Here, we report on three individuals who have de novo MN1 variants that lead to a protein lacking the carboxyl (C) terminus and who presented with severe developmental delay, craniofacial abnormalities with specific facial features, and structural abnormalities in the brain. An in vitro study revealed that the deletion of the C-terminal region led to increased protein stability, an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, and enhanced MN1 aggregation in nuclei compared to what occurred in the wild type, suggesting that a gain-of-function mechanism is involved in this disease. Considering that C-terminal deletion increases the fraction of intrinsically disordered regions of MN1, it is possible that altered phase separation could be involved in the mechanism underlying the disease. Our data indicate that MN1 participates in transcriptional regulation of target genes through interaction with the transcription factors PBX1, PKNOX1, and ZBTB24 and that mutant MN1 impairs the binding with ZBTB24 and RING1, which is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. On the basis of our findings, we propose the model that C-terminal deletion interferes with MN1's interaction molecules related to the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome pathway, including RING1, and increases the amount of the mutant protein; this increase leads to the dysregulation of MN1 target genes by inhibiting rapid MN1 protein turnover.
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8
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Xie L, Luo X, Yang J, Wang J, Nie C, Wang Z. A Chinese patient with Toriello-Carey syndrome and an interstitial deletion of 3q. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:721-726. [PMID: 27748028 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Toriello-Carey syndrome (T-CS), which was first described by Toriello and Carey, is a rare multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, Pierre Robin sequence, unusual facial appearance, and other anomalies. Tracheal or laryngeal anomalies are reported as a common manifestation of T-CS. These anomalies can lead to respiratory distress and respiratory tract infection. The cause of T-CS is unknown, although there have been reports of patients with a clinical diagnosis of T-CS and a chromosome anomaly. We describe another such patient who was found to have an interstitial deletion of 3q (3q12.1-q21.3). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Xie
- NICU, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianqiong Luo
- NICU, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yang
- NICU, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Junping Wang
- NICU, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuan Nie
- NICU, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- NICU, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
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9
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Toriello HV, Colley C, Bamshad M. Update on the Toriello-Carey syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2551-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helga V. Toriello
- Medical Genetics; Spectrum Health Hospital; Michigan State University; Grand Rapids Michigan
- College of Human Medicine; Michigan State University; Grand Rapids Michigan
| | - Chelsey Colley
- College of Human Medicine; Michigan State University; Grand Rapids Michigan
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Division of Medical Genetics; University of Washington; Seattle Washington
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10
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Gomez-Ospina N, Bernstein JA. Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular outcomes in a series of 66 patients with Pierre Robin sequence and literature review: 22q11.2 deletion is less common than other chromosomal anomalies. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170A:870-80. [PMID: 26756138 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is an important craniofacial anomaly that can be seen as an isolated finding or manifestation of multiple syndromes. 22q11.2 deletion and Stickler syndrome are cited as the two most common conditions associated with PRS, but their frequencies are debated. We performed a retrospective study of 66 patients with PRS and reviewed their genetic testing, diagnoses, and clinical findings. The case series is complemented by a comprehensive literature review of the nature and frequency of genetic diagnosis in PRS. In our cohort 65% of patients had associated anomalies; of these, a genetic diagnosis was established in 56%. Stickler syndrome was the most common diagnosis, comprising approximately 11% of all cases, followed by Treacher Collins syndrome (9%). The frequency of 22q11.2 deletion was 1.5%. Chromosome arrays, performed for 72% of idiopathic PRS with associated anomalies, revealed two cases of 18q22→qter deletion, a region not previously reported in association with PRS. A review of the cytogenetic anomalies identified in this population supports an association between the 4q33-qter, 17q24.3, 2q33.1, and 11q23 chromosomal loci and PRS. We found a low frequency of 22q11.2 deletion in PRS, suggesting it is less commonly implicated in this malformation. Our data also indicate a higher frequency of cytogenetic anomalies in PRS patients with associated anomalies, and a potential new link with the 18q22→qter locus. The present findings underscore the utility of chromosomal microarrays in cases of PRS with associated anomalies and suggest that delaying testing for apparently isolated cases should be considered.
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11
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Bosson C, Devillard F, Satre V, Dieterich K, Ray PF, Morand B, Dubois-Teklali F, Vieville G, Andrieux J, Brouillet S, Amblard F, Jouk PS, Coutton C. Microdeletion del(22)(q12.1) excluding the MN1 gene in a patient with craniofacial anomalies. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170A:498-503. [PMID: 26545049 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have recently reported that 22q12.1 deletions encompassing the MN1 gene are associated with craniofacial anomalies. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that MN1 haploinsufficiency may be solely responsible for craniofacial anomalies and/or cleft palate. We report here the case of a 4-year-old boy presenting with global developmental delay and craniofacial anomalies including severe maxillary protrusion and retromicrognathia. Array-CGH detected a 2.4 Mb de novo deletion of chromosome 22q12.1 which did not encompass the MN1 gene thought to be the main pathological candidate in 22q12.1 deletions. This observation, combined with data from other patients from the Database of Chromosomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans Using Ensemble Resources (DECIPHER), suggests that other gene(s) in the 22q12.1 region are likely involved in craniofacial anomalies and/or may contribute to the phenotypic variability observed in patients with MN1 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bosson
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Françoise Devillard
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Véronique Satre
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Equipe "Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility", Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, France
| | - Klaus Dieterich
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre F Ray
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Equipe "Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility", Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, France.,CHU de Grenoble, UF de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Béatrice Morand
- Service de chirurgie plastique et maxillo-faciale, Pôle tête et cou et chirurgie réparatrice, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Gaëlle Vieville
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Joris Andrieux
- Institut de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Brouillet
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Inserm U1036, Biologie du cancer et de l'infection, iRTSV, CEA de Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Florence Amblard
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Jouk
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,UMR CNRS 5525 TIMC-IMAG, équipe DYCTIM, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Charles Coutton
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Equipe "Genetics Epigenetics and Therapies of Infertility", Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U823, La Tronche, France
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12
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Breckpot J, Anderlid BM, Alanay Y, Blyth M, Brahimi A, Duban-Bedu B, Gozé O, Firth H, Yakicier MC, Hens G, Rayyan M, Legius E, Vermeesch JR, Devriendt K. Chromosome 22q12.1 microdeletions: confirmation of the MN1 gene as a candidate gene for cleft palate. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 24:51-8. [PMID: 25944382 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on seven novel patients with a submicroscopic 22q12 deletion. The common phenotype constitutes a contiguous gene deletion syndrome on chromosome 22q12.1q12.2, featuring NF2-related schwannoma of the vestibular nerve, corpus callosum agenesis and palatal defects. Combining our results with the literature, eight patients are recorded with palatal defects in association with haploinsufficiency of 22q12.1, including the MN1 gene. These observations, together with the mouse expression data and the finding of craniofacial malformations including cleft palate in a Mn1-knockout mouse model, suggest that this gene is a candidate gene for cleft palate in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Breckpot
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Britt-Marie Anderlid
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Moira Blyth
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Afane Brahimi
- Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital St-Vincent-de-Paul, GHICL, Lille, France
| | - Bénédicte Duban-Bedu
- Centre de Génétique Chromosomique, Hôpital St-Vincent-de-Paul, GHICL, Lille, France
| | - Odile Gozé
- Service Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France
| | - Helen Firth
- Department of Clinical Genetics, East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Greet Hens
- ENT Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maissa Rayyan
- Neonatology Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Legius
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Robert Vermeesch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Devriendt
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Beck M, Peterson JF, McConnell J, McGuire M, Asato M, Losee JE, Surti U, Madan-Khetarpal S, Rajkovic A, Yatsenko SA. Craniofacial abnormalities and developmental delay in two families with overlapping 22q12.1 microdeletions involving theMN1gene. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:1047-53. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Beck
- Department of Human Genetics; Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Jess F. Peterson
- Department of Human Genetics; Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory; Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics; Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Juliann McConnell
- Department of Medical Genetics; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Marianne McGuire
- Department of Medical Genetics; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Miya Asato
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Child Neurology; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC; Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph E. Losee
- Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Urvashi Surti
- Department of Human Genetics; Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory; Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics; Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Obstetrics; Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal
- Department of Medical Genetics; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Human Genetics; Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory; Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics; Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Obstetrics; Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Svetlana A. Yatsenko
- Pittsburgh Cytogenetics Laboratory; Center for Medical Genetics and Genomics; Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Obstetrics; Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
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14
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Edwards TJ, Sherr EH, Barkovich AJ, Richards LJ. Clinical, genetic and imaging findings identify new causes for corpus callosum development syndromes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:1579-613. [PMID: 24477430 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The corpus callosum is the largest fibre tract in the brain, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres, and thereby facilitating the integration of motor and sensory information from the two sides of the body as well as influencing higher cognition associated with executive function, social interaction and language. Agenesis of the corpus callosum is a common brain malformation that can occur either in isolation or in association with congenital syndromes. Understanding the causes of this condition will help improve our knowledge of the critical brain developmental mechanisms required for wiring the brain and provide potential avenues for therapies for callosal agenesis or related neurodevelopmental disorders. Improved genetic studies combined with mouse models and neuroimaging have rapidly expanded the diverse collection of copy number variations and single gene mutations associated with callosal agenesis. At the same time, advances in our understanding of the developmental mechanisms involved in corpus callosum formation have provided insights into the possible causes of these disorders. This review provides the first comprehensive classification of the clinical and genetic features of syndromes associated with callosal agenesis, and provides a genetic and developmental framework for the interpretation of future research that will guide the next advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Edwards
- 1 Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia2 Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, The University of California and the Benioff Children's Hospital, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- 3 Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, The University of California Children's Hospital, CA 94143, USA
| | - A James Barkovich
- 3 Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, The University of California Children's Hospital, CA 94143, USA4 Departments of Paediatrics and Neurosurgery, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, The University of California San Francisco and The Benioff Children's Hospital, CA 94143-0628 USA
| | - Linda J Richards
- 1 Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia5 School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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15
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Zhao X, Qu Z, Tickner J, Xu J, Dai K, Zhang X. The role of SATB2 in skeletogenesis and human disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 25:35-44. [PMID: 24411565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of SATB2 (special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2) a decade ago, its pivotal roles in development and tissue regeneration have emerged, particularly in craniofacial patterning and development, palate formation, and osteoblast differentiation and maturation. As a member of the special AT-rich binding proteins family that bind to nuclear matrix-attachment regions (MAR), it also displays functional versatility in central nervous development, especially corpus callosum and pons formation, cancer development and prognosis, as well as in immune regulation. At the molecular level, Satb2 gene expression appears to be tissue and stage-specific, and is regulated by several cytokines and growth factors, such as BMP2/4/7, insulin, CNTF, and LIF via ligand receptor signaling pathways. SATB2 mainly performs a twofold role as a transcription regulator by directly binding to AT-rich sequences in MARs to modulate chromatin remodeling, or through association with other transcription factors to modulate the cis-regulation elements and thus to regulate the expression of down-stream target genes and a wide range of biological processes. This contemporary review provides an exploration of the molecular characteristics and function of SATB2; including its expression and cytokine regulation, its involvement in human disease, and its potential roles in skeletogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhihu Qu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jennifer Tickner
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia (M504), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia (M504), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Kerong Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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16
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Tan TY, Kilpatrick N, Farlie PG. Developmental and genetic perspectives on Pierre Robin sequence. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 163C:295-305. [PMID: 24127256 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is a craniofacial anomaly comprising mandibular hypoplasia, cleft secondary palate and glossoptosis leading to life-threatening obstructive apnea and feeding difficulties during the neonatal period. The respiratory issues require careful management and in severe cases may require extended stays in neonatal intensive care units and surgical intervention such as lengthening the lower jaw or tracheotomy to relieve airway obstruction. These feeding and respiratory complications frequently continue well into childhood, affecting not only growth and development but also impacting on long term educational attainment. The diagnosis of PRS depends on readily recognizable clinical features but the phenotypic similarity of many PRS individuals conceals considerable etiological heterogeneity. Defects in the growth of the mandible sit at the core of PRS and the natural history of PRS can be classified into two major streams: primary defects of mandibular outgrowth and elongation and issues that are external to the mandibular skeleton but that secondarily impact on its growth. These altered developmental trajectories appear to be driven by a range of influences including defects in cartilage growth, neuromuscular function and fetal constraint. Various genetic and cytogenetic associations have been made with PRS and the diversity of these associations highlights the fact that there are numerous ways to arrive at this common phenotypic endpoint.
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17
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Yokoo N, Marumo C, Nishida Y, Iio J, Maeda S, Nonaka M, Maihara T, Chujoh S, Katayama T, Sakazaki H, Matsumoto N, Okamoto N. A case of Toriello-Carey syndrome with severe congenital tracheal stenosis. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2291-3. [PMID: 23873869 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Toriello-Carey syndrome is rare condition characterized by agenesis of the corpus callosum, the Pierre Robin sequence, and facial anomalies such as telecanthus, short palpebral fissures, and a small nose with anteverted nares [Toriello and Carey, 1988]. In addition, tracheal and laryngeal anomalies are common complications in patients with Toriello-Carey syndrome, and these anomalies can lead to death [Kataoka et al., 2003]. Congenital tracheal stenosis is a life-threatening condition with high mortality. Even if surgery is successful, several serious complications can result in a high risk of mortality. We describe a case of a Japanese boy with Toriello-Carey syndrome who had severe congenital tracheal stenosis, in whom surgical tracheal plasty was avoided because of adequate respiratory care, allowing the patient to be alive at 18 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Yokoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Tsukaguchi Hospital, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan.
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18
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El-Chammas KI, Venkatasubramani N, Veith R, Sekhri N, Rhead W, Toriello HV, Goday PS. Pancreatic insufficiency in Toriello-Carey syndrome: report of a second patient. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1208-11. [PMID: 22496049 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Toriello-Carey syndrome is characterized by multiple congenital anomalies. Pancreatic insufficiency is suspected when patients present with poor weight gain, diarrhea, or maldigestion. The diagnosis is confirmed by low stool elastase and pancreatic stimulation testing. To our knowledge, only one patient with Toriello-Carey syndrome has been reported to have pancreatic insufficiency. We report on a second patient with Toriello-Carey syndrome and pancreatic insufficiency, and describe the management of pancreatic insufficiency in patients with this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil I El-Chammas
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Davidson TB, Sanchez-Lara PA, Randolph LM, Krieger MD, Wu SQ, Panigrahy A, Shimada H, Erdreich-Epstein A. Microdeletion del(22)(q12.2) encompassing the facial development-associated gene, MN1 (meningioma 1) in a child with Pierre-Robin sequence (including cleft palate) and neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2): a case report and review of the literature. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 13:19. [PMID: 22436304 PMCID: PMC3359208 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pierre-Robin sequence (PRS) is defined by micro- and/or retrognathia, glossoptosis and cleft soft palate, either caused by deformational defect or part of a malformation syndrome. Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in the NF2 gene on chromosome 22q12.2. NF2 is characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas, spinal cord schwannomas, meningiomas and ependymomas, and juvenile cataracts. To date, NF2 and PRS have not been described together in the same patient. CASE PRESENTATION We report a female with PRS (micrognathia, cleft palate), microcephaly, ocular hypertelorism, mental retardation and bilateral hearing loss, who at age 15 was also diagnosed with severe NF2 (bilateral cerebellopontine schwannomas and multiple extramedullary/intradural spine tumors). This is the first published report of an individual with both diagnosed PRS and NF2. High resolution karyotype revealed 46, XX, del(22)(q12.1q12.3), FISH confirmed a deletion encompassing NF2, and chromosomal microarray identified a 3,693 kb deletion encompassing multiple genes including NF2 and MN1 (meningioma 1).Five additional patients with craniofacial dysmorphism and deletion in chromosome 22-adjacent-to or containing NF2 were identified in PubMed and the DECIPHER clinical chromosomal database. Their shared chromosomal deletion encompassed MN1, PITPNB and TTC28. MN1, initially cloned from a patient with meningioma, is an oncogene in murine hematopoiesis and participates as a fusion gene (TEL/MN1) in human myeloid leukemias. Interestingly, Mn1-haploinsufficient mice have abnormal skull development and secondary cleft palate. Additionally, Mn1 regulates maturation and function of calvarial osteoblasts and is an upstream regulator of Tbx22, a gene associated with murine and human cleft palate. This suggests that deletion of MN1 in the six patients we describe may be causally linked to their cleft palates and/or craniofacial abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our report describes a NF2-adjacent chromosome 22q12.2 deletion syndrome and is the first to report association of MN1 deletion with abnormal craniofacial development and/or cleft palate in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom B Davidson
- Department of Pediatrics and the Saban Research Institute at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90027-6062, USA
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