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Khazamipour A, Gholampour-Faroji N, Zeraati T, Vakilian F, Haddad-Mashadrizeh A, Ghayour Mobarhan M, Pasdar A. A novel causative functional mutation in GATA6 gene is responsible for familial dilated cardiomyopathy as supported by in silico functional analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13752. [PMID: 35962153 PMCID: PMC9374661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), one of the most common types of cardiomyopathies has a heterogeneous nature and can be seen in Mendelian forms. Next Generation Sequencing is a powerful tool for identifying novel variants in monogenic disorders. We used whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing techniques to identify the causative mutation of DCM in an Iranian pedigree. We found a novel variant in the GATA6 gene, leading to substituting Histidine by Tyrosine at position 329, observed in all affected family members in the pedigree, whereas it was not established in any of the unaffected ones. We hypothesized that the H329Y mutation may be causative for the familial pattern of DCM in this family. The predicted models of GATA6 and H329Y showed the high quality according to PROCHECK and ERRAT. Nonetheless, simulation results revealed that the protein stability decreased after mutation, while the flexibility may have been increased. Hence, the mutation led to the increased compactness of GATA6. Overall, these data indicated that the mutation could affect the protein structure, which may be related to the functional impairment of GATA6 upon H329Y mutation, likewise their involvement in pathologies. Further functional investigations would help elucidating the exact mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrouz Khazamipour
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nazanin Gholampour-Faroji
- Biotechnology Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Tina Zeraati
- Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farveh Vakilian
- Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Haddad-Mashadrizeh
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Medical Genetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. .,Bioinformatics Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Bajwa J, Deserres L, Lando T, Salik I. Case Report: Desmoglein-3 Gene Mutation Leading to Airway Compromise in Fraternal Twin Infants. A A Pract 2022; 16:e01584. [DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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3
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Li X, Yao R, Chang G, Li Q, Song C, Li N, Ding Y, Li J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Huang X, Shen Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Wang X. Clinical Profiles and Genetic Spectra of 814 Chinese Children With Short Stature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:972-985. [PMID: 34850017 PMCID: PMC8947318 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Data and studies based on exome sequencing for the genetic evaluation of short stature are limited, and more large-scale studies are warranted. Some factors increase the likelihood of a monogenic cause of short stature, including skeletal dysplasia, severe short stature, and small for gestational age (SGA) without catch-up growth. However, whether these factors can serve as predictors of molecular diagnosis remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the diagnostic efficiency of the associated risk factors and their exome sequences for screening. METHODS We defined and applied factors that increased the likelihood of monogenic causes of short stature in diagnostic genetic tests based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 814 patients with short stature and at least 1 other factor. RESULTS Pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in genes, copy number variations, and chromosomal abnormalities were identified in 361 patients. We found P/LP variants among 111 genes, and RASopathies comprised the most important etiology. Short stature combined with other phenotypes significantly increased the likelihood of a monogenic cause, including skeletal dysplasia, facial dysmorphism, and intellectual disability, compared with simple severe short stature (<-3 SD scores). We report novel candidate pathogenic genes, KMT2C for unequivocal growth hormone insensitivity and GATA6 for SGA. CONCLUSION Our study identified the diagnostic characteristics of NGS in short stature with different risk factors. Our study provides novel insights into the current understanding of the etiology of short stature in patients with different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruen Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism disease, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Niu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yirou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongnian Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Genetic inactivation of Semaphorin 3C protects mice from Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int 2022; 101:720-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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5
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Sun Z, Pang S, Cui Y, Yan B. Genetic and Functional Variants Analysis of the GATA6 Gene Promoter in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Genet 2019; 10:1100. [PMID: 31781165 PMCID: PMC6851265 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) which is a specific type of coronary artery disease (CAD), is caused by the combination of genetic factors and acquired environment. Although some common genetic variations have been recorded to contribute to the development of CAD and AMI, more genetic factors and potential molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The GATA6 gene is expressed in the heart during embryogenesis and is also detected in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), different human primary endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular ECs in mice. To date, no studies have directly linked GATA6 gene with regulation of the CAD. Methods: In this study, we used a case-control study to investigate and analyze the genetic variations and functional variations of the GATA6 gene promoter region in AMI patients and controls. A variety of statistical analysis methods were utilized to analyze the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with AMI. Functional analysis of DNA sequence variants (DSVs) was performed using a dual luciferase reporter assay. In vitro, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was selected to examine DNA-protein interactions. Results: A total of 705 subjects were enrolled in the study. Ten DSVs were found in AMI patients (n = 352) and controls (n = 353), including seven SNPs. One novel heterozygous DSV, (g.22168409 A > G), and two SNPs, [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760) and g.22168521 G > T(rs1445501474)], were reported in three AMI patients, which were not found in controls. The relevant statistical analysis, including allele and genotype frequencies between AMI patients and controls, five genetic models, linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analysis, and SNP–SNP interactions, suggested no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The transcriptional activity of GATA6 gene promoter was significantly increased by the DSV (g.22168409 A > G) and SNP [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760)]. The EMSA revealed that the DSV (g.22168409 A > G) and SNP [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760)] evidently influenced the binding of transcription factors. Conclusion: In conclusion, the DSV (g.22168409 A > G) and SNP [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760)] may increase GATA6 levels in both HEK-293 and H9c2 cell lines by affecting the binding of transcription factors. Whether the two variants identified in the GATA6 gene promoter can promote the development and progression of human AMI by altering GATA6 levels still requires further studies to verify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Sun
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yinghua Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,The Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,The Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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6
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Gharibeh L, Komati H, Bossé Y, Boodhwani M, Heydarpour M, Fortier M, Hassanzadeh R, Ngu J, Mathieu P, Body S, Nemer M. GATA6 Regulates Aortic Valve Remodeling, and Its Haploinsufficiency Leads to Right-Left Type Bicuspid Aortic Valve. Circulation 2019; 138:1025-1038. [PMID: 29567669 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.029506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most common congenital heart defect affecting 1% to 2% of the population, is a major risk factor for premature aortic valve disease and accounts for the majority of valve replacement. The genetic basis and mechanisms of BAV etiology and pathogenesis remain largely undefined. METHODS Cardiac structure and function was assessed in mice lacking a Gata6 allele. Human GATA6 gene variants were analyzed in 452 BAV cases from the BAV consortium and 1849 controls from the Framingham GWAS (Genome Wide Association Study). GATA6 expression was determined in mice and human tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Mechanistic studies were carried out in cultured cells. RESULTS Gata6 heterozygous mice have highly penetrant right-left (RL)-type BAV, the most frequent type in humans. GATA6 transcript levels are lower in human BAV compared with normal tricuspid valves. Mechanistically, Gata6 haploinsufficiency disrupts valve remodeling and extracellular matrix composition through dysregulation of important signaling molecules, including matrix metalloproteinase 9. Cell-specific inactivation of Gata6 reveals an essential role for GATA6 in secondary heart field myocytes because loss of 1 Gata6 allele from Isl- 1-positive cells-but not from endothelial or neural crest cells-recapitulates the phenotype of Gata6 heterozygous mice. CONCLUSIONS The data identify a new cellular and molecular mechanism underlying BAV. The availability of an animal model for the most frequent human BAV opens the way for the elucidation of BAV pathogenesis and the development of much needed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gharibeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.G., H.K., R.H., M.T., M.N.)
| | - Hiba Komati
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.G., H.K., R.H., M.T., M.N.)
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Canada (Y.B., P.M.)
| | - Munir Boodhwani
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (M.B., J.N.)
| | - Mahyar Heydarpour
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.G., H.K., R.H., M.T., M.N.)
| | | | - Romina Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.H., S.B.)
| | - Janet Ngu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (M.B., J.N.)
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Canada (Y.B., P.M.)
| | - Simon Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.H., S.B.)
| | - Mona Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (L.G., H.K., R.H., M.T., M.N.)
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7
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Rojnueangnit K, Charalsawadi C, Thammachote W, Pradabmuksiri A, Tim-Aroon T, Novelli A, Loddo S, Briuglia S, Concetta CM, Wattanasirichaigoon D, Jinawath N. Clinical delineation of 18q11-q12 microdeletion: Intellectual disability, speech and behavioral disorders, and conotruncal heart defects. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e896. [PMID: 31390163 PMCID: PMC6732287 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since the establishment of chromosomal microarrays in clinical practice, many new microdeletion/microduplication syndromes have been identified, including 18q11.2 microdeletion. Chromosome 18q deletion syndrome is commonly classified into distal deletion and a much rarer proximal interstitial deletion spanning the 18q11.2‐q21.1 region. Methods We report two new patients and review 27 additional cases in DECIPHER/ClinGen databases and four cases from the literature, with more proximal 18q deletions involving 18q11‐q12 (band 1 only; 17.2–43.5 Mb position) deletion. Results Common presentations of 18q11‐q12 deletions include developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID) (82%); speech delay/autism/attention deficit and hyperactivity/other behavioral problems (30%); conotruncal heart defects (15%); and subtle/non‐specific facial dysmorphism. The deletion in four out of five cases with cardiac defect was distal to GATA6, suggesting an alternative mechanism other than haploinsufficiency of GATA6 as an underlying cause of cardiac malformations. Precocious puberty with advanced skeletal age was first observed in one patient, suggesting a unique and expanded phenotype of proximal 18q deletion. When comparing genotype–phenotype correlations from the present study with previous reports, the critical regions for selected phenotypes of 18q11‐q12 deletion syndrome could be narrowed down as follows: 38.8–43.5 Mb for moderate to severe DD/ID, 19.6–24.4 Mb and 26.9–28.6 Mb for conotruncal heart defect. Conclusion The detailed clinical delineation of the proximal 18q deletions identified in this study should contribute to better understanding of the genotype–phenotype correlations and better long‐term care of patients with this rare syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitiwan Rojnueangnit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chariyawan Charalsawadi
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Weerin Thammachote
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ariya Pradabmuksiri
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Division of Pediatrics, Surat Thani Hospital, Surat thani, Thailand
| | - Thipwimol Tim-Aroon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Loddo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Briuglia
- Department of Bio-Morphology, Genetics Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Duangrurdee Wattanasirichaigoon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natini Jinawath
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Integrative Computational Bioscience Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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8
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Du YT, Moore L, Poplawski NK, De Sousa SMC. Familial GATA6 mutation causing variably expressed diabetes mellitus and cardiac and renal abnormalities. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2019; 2019:EDM190022. [PMID: 31051468 PMCID: PMC6499914 DOI: 10.1530/edm-19-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 26-year-old man presented with a combination of permanent neonatal diabetes due to pancreatic aplasia, complex congenital heart disease, central hypogonadism and growth hormone deficiency, structural renal abnormalities with proteinuria, umbilical hernia, neurocognitive impairment and dysmorphic features. His older brother had diabetes mellitus due to pancreatic hypoplasia, complex congenital heart disease, hypospadias and umbilical hernia. Their father had an atrial septal defect, umbilical hernia and diabetes mellitus diagnosed incidentally in adulthood on employment screening. The proband's paternal grandmother had a congenital heart defect. Genetic testing of the proband revealed a novel heterozygous missense variant (Chr18:g.19761441T>C, c.1330T>C, p.Cys444Arg) in exon 4 of GATA6, which is class 5 (pathogenic) using American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines and is likely to account for his multisystem disorder. The same variant was detected in his brother and father, but not his paternal grandmother. This novel variant of GATA6 likely occurred de novo in the father with autosomal dominant inheritance in the proband and his brother. The case is exceptional as very few families with monogenic diabetes due to GATA6 mutations have been reported to date and we describe a new link between GATA6 and renal pathology. Learning points: Monogenic diabetes should be suspected in patients presenting with syndromic features, multisystem congenital disease, neonatal-onset diabetes and/or a suggestive family history. Recognition and identification of genetic diabetes may improve patient understanding and empowerment and allow for better tailored management. Identification of a genetic disorder may have important implications for family planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynette Moore
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide
- SA Pathology, Women’s and Children’s Hospital
| | | | - Sunita M C De Sousa
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide
- Adult Genetics Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital
- Center for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia Alliance, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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9
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Genome Editing in hPSCs Reveals GATA6 Haploinsufficiency and a Genetic Interaction with GATA4 in Human Pancreatic Development. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:675-688.e6. [PMID: 28196600 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human disease phenotypes associated with haploinsufficient gene requirements are often not recapitulated well in animal models. Here, we have investigated the association between human GATA6 haploinsufficiency and a wide range of clinical phenotypes that include neonatal and adult-onset diabetes using CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas9-mediated genome editing coupled with human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) directed differentiation. We found that loss of one GATA6 allele specifically affects the differentiation of human pancreatic progenitors from the early PDX1+ stage to the more mature PDX1+NKX6.1+ stage, leading to impaired formation of glucose-responsive β-like cells. In addition to this GATA6 haploinsufficiency, we also identified dosage-sensitive requirements for GATA6 and GATA4 in the formation of both definitive endoderm and pancreatic progenitor cells. Our work expands the application of hPSCs from studying the impact of individual gene loci to investigation of multigenic human traits, and it establishes an approach for identifying genetic modifiers of human disease.
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10
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Cody JD, Sebold C, Heard P, Carter E, Soileau B, Hasi-Zogaj M, Hill A, Rupert D, Perry B, O'Donnell L, Gelfond J, Lancaster J, Fox PT, Hale DE. Consequences of chromsome18q deletions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2015; 169:265-80. [PMID: 26235940 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Providing clinically relevant prognoses and treatment information for people with a chromsome18q deletion is particularly challenging because every unrelated person has a unique region of hemizygosity. The hemizygous region can involve almost any region of 18q including between 1 and 101 genes (30 Mb of DNA). Most individuals have terminal deletions, but in our cohort of over 350 individuals 23% have interstitial deletions. Because of this heterogeneity, we take a gene by gene approach to understanding the clinical consequences. There are 196 genes on 18q. We classified 133 of them as dosage insensitive, 15 (8%) as dosage sensitive leading to haploinsufficiency while another 10 (5%) have effects that are conditionally haploinsufficient and are dependent on another factor, genetic or environmental in order to cause an abnormal phenotype. Thirty-seven genes (19%) have insufficient information to classify their dosage effect. Phenotypes attributed to single genes include: congenital heart disease, minor bone morphology changes, central nervous system dysmyelination, expressive speech delay, vesicouretreral reflux, polyposis, Pitt-Hopkins syndrome, intellectual disability, executive function impairment, male infertility, aural atresia, and high frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Additionally, identified critical regions for other phenotypes include: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and pectus excavatum, Virchow-Robin perivascular spaces, small corpus callosum, strabismus, atopic disorders, mood disorder, IgA deficiency, nystagmus, congenital heart disease, kidney malformation, vertical talus, CNS dysmyelination growth hormone deficiency and cleft palate. Together these findings make it increasingly feasible to compile an individualized syndrome description based on each person's individuated genotype. Future work will focus on understanding molecular mechanisms leading to treatment.
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11
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Tuhan H, Catli G, Anik A, Özmen D, Türkmen MA, Bober E, Abaci A. Neonatal diabetes mellitus due to a novel mutation in the GATA6 gene accompanying renal dysfunction: a case report. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:925-7. [PMID: 25708516 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hale Tuhan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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12
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Stanescu DE, Hughes N, Patel P, De León DD. A novel mutation in GATA6 causes pancreatic agenesis. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16:67-70. [PMID: 24433315 PMCID: PMC4102676 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in GATA6 have been linked to pancreatic agenesis and cardiac malformations. The aim of this study was to describe a new mutation in GATA6 in an infant with pancreatic agenesis, associated with truncus arteriosus and absent gallbladder. Clinical data were obtained from chart review. Gene sequencing was performed on genomic DNA. The patient was a female infant diagnosed shortly after birth with a severe cardiac malformation, absent gallbladder, anomalous hepatic blood flow, unilateral hydronephrosis and hydroureter, neonatal diabetes, and pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Despite prolonged intensive management care, she died at 3 months of age because of cardiac complications. Analysis of her genomic DNA revealed a novel missense mutation of GATA6. The novel mutation described in this case extends the list of GATA6 mutations causing pancreatic agenesis and cardiac malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E. Stanescu
- Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Nkecha Hughes
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Puja Patel
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Diva D. De León
- Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,Department of Pediatrics University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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13
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Huang RT, Xue S, Xu YJ, Zhou M, Yang YQ. Somatic GATA5 mutations in sporadic tetralogy of Fallot. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1227-35. [PMID: 24573614 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that genetic defects play an important role in the pathogenesis of TOF. However, the molecular basis of TOF in the majority of patients remains to be determined. In the present study, sequence analysis of the coding exons and exon-intron boundaries of GATA5, a gene encoding a zinc finger‑containing transcriptional factor crucial for cardiogenesis, was performed on genomic DNA isolated from resected cardiac tissue and matched blood samples of 85 unrelated patients who underwent surgical repair of TOF. Genotyping was performed on the cardiac tissue and matched blood samples from 63 unrelated patients who underwent cardiac valve replacement due to rheumatic heart disease as well as the blood samples obtained from 200 unrelated healthy individuals. The functional effect of the mutations was evaluated by using a luciferase reporter assay system. As a result, the novel heterozygous GATA5 mutations, p.D203E and p.Y208X, were found in the cardiac tissues of two TOF patients, respectively. There were no mutations in the cardiac tissues obtained from 63 patients with rheumatic heart disease nor in the blood samples obtained from the 348 subjects. Functional analysis revealed that the GATA5 mutants were consistently associated with significantly decreased transcriptional activity compared with their wild-type counterpart. Thus, results of this study showed an association of somatic GATA5 mutations with TOF, providing further insight into the underlying molecular mechanism of TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Tai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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14
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Yu L, Bennett JT, Wynn J, Carvill GL, Cheung YH, Shen Y, Mychaliska GB, Azarow KS, Crombleholme TM, Chung DH, Potoka D, Warner BW, Bucher B, Lim FY, Pietsch J, Stolar C, Aspelund G, Arkovitz MS, Mefford H, Chung WK. Whole exome sequencing identifies de novo mutations in GATA6 associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Med Genet 2014; 51:197-202. [PMID: 24385578 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common birth defect affecting 1 in 3000 births. It is characterised by herniation of abdominal viscera through an incompletely formed diaphragm. Although chromosomal anomalies and mutations in several genes have been implicated, the cause for most patients is unknown. METHODS We used whole exome sequencing in two families with CDH and congenital heart disease, and identified mutations in GATA6 in both. RESULTS In the first family, we identified a de novo missense mutation (c.1366C>T, p.R456C) in a sporadic CDH patient with tetralogy of Fallot. In the second, a nonsense mutation (c.712G>T, p.G238*) was identified in two siblings with CDH and a large ventricular septal defect. The G238* mutation was inherited from their mother, who was clinically affected with congenital absence of the pericardium, patent ductus arteriosus and intestinal malrotation. Deep sequencing of blood and saliva-derived DNA from the mother suggested somatic mosaicism as an explanation for her milder phenotype, with only approximately 15% mutant alleles. To determine the frequency of GATA6 mutations in CDH, we sequenced the gene in 378 patients with CDH. We identified one additional de novo mutation (c.1071delG, p.V358Cfs34*). CONCLUSIONS Mutations in GATA6 have been previously associated with pancreatic agenesis and congenital heart disease. We conclude that, in addition to the heart and the pancreas, GATA6 is involved in development of two additional organs, the diaphragm and the pericardium. In addition, we have shown that de novo mutations can contribute to the development of CDH, a common birth defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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15
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Zhao L, Xu JH, Xu WJ, Yu H, Wang Q, Zheng HZ, Jiang WF, Jiang JF, Yang YQ. A novel GATA4 loss-of-function mutation responsible for familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Med 2013; 33:654-60. [PMID: 24366163 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common form of primary myocardial disorder and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Increasing evidence suggests that genetic risk factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic DCM. However, DCM is a genetically heterogeneous disease, and the genetic defects responsible for DCM in an overwhelming majority of cases remain to be identified. In the present study, the entire coding region and the splice junction sites of the GATA4 gene, which encodes a cardiac transcription factor essential for cardiogenesis, were sequenced in 150 unrelated patients with idiopathic DCM. The available relatives of the index patient harboring an identified mutation and 200 unrelated ethnically matched healthy individuals used as controls were genotyped. The functional characteristics of the mutant GATA4 were delineated in contrast to its wild-type counterpart using a luciferase reporter assay system. As a result, a novel heterozygous GATA4 mutation, p.V291L, was identified in a family with DCM inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which co-segregated with DCM in the family with complete penetrance. The missense mutation was absent in 400 control chromosomes, and the altered amino acid was completely conserved evolutionarily among species. Functional analysis revealed that the GATA4 mutant was associated with significantly diminished transcriptional activity. The findings expand the mutational spectrum of GATA4 linked to DCM and provide novel insight into the molecular etiology involved in DCM, suggesting the potential implications in the early prophylaxis and allele-specific treatment for this common type of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Zhen Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Feng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Fa Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
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