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Yildiz A. Mechanism and regulation of kinesin motors. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00780-6. [PMID: 39394463 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
Kinesins are a diverse superfamily of microtubule-based motors that perform fundamental roles in intracellular transport, cytoskeletal dynamics and cell division. These motors share a characteristic motor domain that powers unidirectional motility and force generation along microtubules, and they possess unique tail domains that recruit accessory proteins and facilitate oligomerization, regulation and cargo recognition. The location, direction and timing of kinesin-driven processes are tightly regulated by various cofactors, adaptors, microtubule tracks and microtubule-associated proteins. This Review focuses on recent structural and functional studies that reveal how members of the kinesin superfamily use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to transport cargoes, depolymerize microtubules and regulate microtubule dynamics. I also survey how accessory proteins and post-translational modifications regulate the autoinhibition, cargo binding and motility of some of the best-studied kinesins. Despite much progress, the mechanism and regulation of kinesins are still emerging, and unresolved questions can now be tackled using newly developed approaches in biophysics and structural biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yildiz
- Physics Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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2
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Sun D, Zhang X, Xu Q, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang D, Mu W, Hou P, Li A. Duhamel and transanal endorectal pull-throughs for Hirschsprung disease: a Bayesian network meta-analysis. BMC Surg 2024; 24:132. [PMID: 38702697 PMCID: PMC11067296 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To comprehensively compare the effects of open Duhamel (OD), laparoscopic-assisted Duhamel (LD), transanal endorectal pull-through (TEPT), and laparoscopic-assisted endorectal pull-through (LEPT) in Hirschsprung disease. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP were comprehensively searched up to August 4, 2022. The outcomes were operation-related indicators and complication-related indicators. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Network plots, forest plots, league tables and rank probabilities were drawn for all outcomes. For measurement data, weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% credibility intervals (CrIs) were reported; for enumeration data, relative risks (RRs) and 95%CrIs were calculated. RESULTS Sixty-two studies of 4781 patients were included, with 2039 TEPT patients, 1669 LEPT patients, 951 OD patients and 122 LD patients. Intraoperative blood loss in the OD group was more than that in the LEPT group (pooled WMD = 44.00, 95%CrI: 27.33, 60.94). Patients lost more blood during TEPT versus LEPT (pooled WMD = 13.08, 95%CrI: 1.80, 24.30). In terms of intraoperative blood loss, LEPT was most likely to be the optimal procedure (79.76%). Patients undergoing OD had significantly longer gastrointestinal function recovery time, as compared with those undergoing LEPT (pooled WMD = 30.39, 95%CrI: 16.08, 44.94). The TEPT group had significantly longer gastrointestinal function recovery time than the LEPT group (pooled WMD = 11.49, 95%CrI: 0.96, 22.05). LEPT was most likely to be the best operation regarding gastrointestinal function recovery time (98.28%). Longer hospital stay was observed in patients with OD versus LEPT (pooled WMD = 5.24, 95%CrI: 2.98, 7.47). Hospital stay in the TEPT group was significantly longer than that in the LEPT group (pooled WMD = 1.99, 95%CrI: 0.37, 3.58). LEPT had the highest possibility to be the most effective operation with respect to hospital stay. The significantly reduced incidence of complications was found in the LEPT group versus the LD group (pooled RR = 0.24, 95%CrI: 0.12, 0.48). Compared with LEPT, OD was associated with a significantly increased incidence of complications (pooled RR = 5.10, 95%CrI: 3.48, 7.45). Patients undergoing TEPT had a significantly greater incidence of complications than those undergoing LEPT (pooled RR = 1.98, 95%CrI: 1.63, 2.42). For complications, LEPT is most likely to have the best effect (99.99%). Compared with the LEPT group, the OD group had a significantly increased incidence of anastomotic leakage (pooled RR = 5.35, 95%CrI: 1.45, 27.68). LEPT had the highest likelihood to be the best operation regarding anastomotic leakage (63.57%). The incidence of infection in the OD group was significantly higher than that in the LEPT group (pooled RR = 4.52, 95%CrI: 2.45, 8.84). The TEPT group had a significantly increased incidence of infection than the LEPT group (pooled RR = 1.87, 95%CrI: 1.13, 3.18). LEPT is most likely to be the best operation concerning infection (66.32%). Compared with LEPT, OD was associated with a significantly higher incidence of soiling (pooled RR = 1.91, 95%CrI: 1.16, 3.17). Patients with LEPT had the greatest likelihood not to develop soiling (86.16%). In contrast to LD, LEPT was significantly more effective in reducing the incidence of constipation (pooled RR = 0.39, 95%CrI: 0.15, 0.97). LEPT was most likely not to result in constipation (97.81%). LEPT was associated with a significantly lower incidence of Hirschprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) than LD (pooled RR = 0.34, 95%CrI: 0.13, 0.85). The OD group had a significantly higher incidence of HAEC than the LEPT group (pooled RR = 2.29, 95%CrI: 1.31, 4.0). The incidence of HAEC was significantly greater in the TEPT group versus the LEPT group (pooled RR = 1.74, 95%CrI: 1.24, 2.45). LEPT was most likely to be the optimal operation in terms of HAEC (98.76%). CONCLUSION LEPT may be a superior operation to OD, LD and TEPT in improving operation condition and complications, which might serve as a reference for Hirschsprung disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xintao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qiongqian Xu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qiangye Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Weijing Mu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Peimin Hou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Aiwu Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No.107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Petzoldt AG. Presynaptic Precursor Vesicles-Cargo, Biogenesis, and Kinesin-Based Transport across Species. Cells 2023; 12:2248. [PMID: 37759474 PMCID: PMC10527734 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The faithful formation and, consequently, function of a synapse requires continuous and tightly controlled delivery of synaptic material. At the presynapse, a variety of proteins with unequal molecular properties are indispensable to compose and control the molecular machinery concerting neurotransmitter release through synaptic vesicle fusion with the presynaptic membrane. As presynaptic proteins are produced mainly in the neuronal soma, they are obliged to traffic along microtubules through the axon to reach the consuming presynapse. This anterograde transport is performed by highly specialised and diverse presynaptic precursor vesicles, membranous organelles able to transport as different proteins such as synaptic vesicle membrane and membrane-associated proteins, cytosolic active zone proteins, ion-channels, and presynaptic membrane proteins, coordinating synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis. This review aims to summarise and categorise the diverse and numerous findings describing presynaptic precursor cargo, mode of trafficking, kinesin-based axonal transport and the molecular mechanisms of presynaptic precursor vesicles biogenesis in both vertebrate and invertebrate model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid G Petzoldt
- Institute for Biology and Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Vitet H, Bruyère J, Xu H, Séris C, Brocard J, Abada YS, Delatour B, Scaramuzzino C, Venance L, Saudou F. Huntingtin recruits KIF1A to transport synaptic vesicle precursors along the mouse axon to support synaptic transmission and motor skill learning. eLife 2023; 12:e81011. [PMID: 37431882 PMCID: PMC10365837 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are released at synapses by synaptic vesicles (SVs), which originate from SV precursors (SVPs) that have traveled along the axon. Because each synapse maintains a pool of SVs, only a small fraction of which are released, it has been thought that axonal transport of SVPs does not affect synaptic function. Here, studying the corticostriatal network both in microfluidic devices and in mice, we find that phosphorylation of the Huntingtin protein (HTT) increases axonal transport of SVPs and synaptic glutamate release by recruiting the kinesin motor KIF1A. In mice, constitutive HTT phosphorylation causes SV over-accumulation at synapses, increases the probability of SV release, and impairs motor skill learning on the rotating rod. Silencing KIF1A in these mice restored SV transport and motor skill learning to wild-type levels. Axonal SVP transport within the corticostriatal network thus influences synaptic plasticity and motor skill learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Vitet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut NeuroscienceGrenobleFrance
| | - Julie Bruyère
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut NeuroscienceGrenobleFrance
| | - Hao Xu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSLParisFrance
| | - Claire Séris
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut NeuroscienceGrenobleFrance
| | - Jacques Brocard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut NeuroscienceGrenobleFrance
| | - Yah-Sé Abada
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225ParisFrance
| | - Benoît Delatour
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225ParisFrance
| | - Chiara Scaramuzzino
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut NeuroscienceGrenobleFrance
| | - Laurent Venance
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSLParisFrance
| | - Frédéric Saudou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut NeuroscienceGrenobleFrance
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Analysis of the Effect of Laparoscopic and Open Surgical Treatment in Children with Congenital Megacolon. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:2669294. [PMID: 35720885 PMCID: PMC9200504 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2669294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we have compared and analyzed the effect of laparoscopic and open surgical treatments in children with congenital megacolon. To address this, a total of 64 children with congenital megacolon who underwent surgery in the hospital, particularly from April 2014 to December 2020, were selected as the research objects. They were divided into control and observation groups by the random number table method, with 32 cases in each group. The control and observation groups were treated with open surgical and laparoscopic treatments, respectively. The treatment effects of the two groups were compared. The enema time, operation time, blood loss, anal defecation time, and duration of postoperative hospital stay of the observation group were lower than those of the control group. The comparison between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in CRP and WBC between the two groups before surgery (P > 0.05). The CRP level and WBC of the two groups were both increased after operation, the CRP level of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05), the WBC of the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The rate of excellent and good defecation in the observation group on the 7th day after surgery was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in Krickenbeck scores between the two groups before surgery (P > 0.05); 6 months after the surgery, the score of Krickenbeck in both groups increased, and that of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, indicating a difference in the overall score (P < 0.05). The total complication rate within 7 days after surgery in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Laparoscopic treatment of congenital megacolon could improve surgical indicators and reduce stress response in children, improve defecation and anal function, reduce the risk of complications, and promote recovery.
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Malformations of cerebral development and clues from the peripheral nervous system: A systematic literature review. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 37:155-164. [PMID: 34535379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of malformations of cortical development (MCD) are variable and can range from mild to severe intellectual disability, cerebral palsy and drug-resistant epilepsy. Besides common clinical features, non-specific or more subtle clinical symptoms may be present in association with different types of MCD. Especially in severely affected individuals, subtle but specific underlying clinical symptoms can be overlooked or overshadowed by the global clinical presentation. To facilitate the interpretation of genetic variants detailed clinical information is indispensable. Detailed (neurological) examination can be helpful in assisting with the diagnostic trajectory, both when referring for genetic work-up as well as when interpreting data from molecular genetic testing. This systematic literature review focusses on different clues derived from the neurological examination and potential further work-up triggered by these signs and symptoms in genetically defined MCDs. A concise overview of specific neurological findings and their associations with MCD subtype and genotype are presented, easily applicable in daily clinical practice. The following pathologies will be discussed: neuropathy, myopathy, muscular dystrophies and spastic paraplegia. In the discussion section, tips and pitfalls are illustrated to improve clinical outcome in the future.
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Solon AL, Tan Z, Schutt KL, Jepsen L, Haynes SE, Nesvizhskii AI, Sept D, Stumpff J, Ohi R, Cianfrocco MA. Kinesin-binding protein remodels the kinesin motor to prevent microtubule binding. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj9812. [PMID: 34797717 PMCID: PMC8604404 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Kinesins are regulated in space and time to ensure activation only in the presence of cargo. Kinesin-binding protein (KIFBP), which is mutated in Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome, binds to and inhibits the catalytic motor heads of 8 of 45 kinesin superfamily members, but the mechanism remains poorly defined. Here, we used cryo–electron microscopy and cross-linking mass spectrometry to determine high-resolution structures of KIFBP alone and in complex with two mitotic kinesins, revealing structural remodeling of kinesin by KIFBP. We find that KIFBP remodels kinesin motors and blocks microtubule binding (i) via allosteric changes to kinesin and (ii) by sterically blocking access to the microtubule. We identified two regions of KIFBP necessary for kinesin binding and cellular regulation during mitosis. Together, this work further elucidates the molecular mechanism of KIFBP-mediated kinesin inhibition and supports a model in which structural rearrangement of kinesin motor domains by KIFBP abrogates motor protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L. Solon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhenyu Tan
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine L. Schutt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lauren Jepsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah E. Haynes
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexey I. Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Sept
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Ryoma Ohi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael A. Cianfrocco
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Ozyavuz Cubuk P. Goldberg-Shprintzen Syndrome Associated with a Novel Variant in the KIFBP Gene. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:240-243. [PMID: 34421502 DOI: 10.1159/000514531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome (GOSHS) is characterized by microcephaly, developmental delay, dysmorphic features, Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), and brain anomalies. The kinesin family binding protein (KIFBP; MIM 60937) gene has been identified as the responsible gene of the syndrome. To date, 16 different biallelic KIFBP mutations have been identified in 34 patients with GOSHS. Even though most of these mutations are nonsense and frameshift, 3 missense mutations have also been described. Here, we report an 18-month-old patient with microcephaly, developmental delay, dysmorphic features and HSCR. Exome analysis was performed to clarify the etiology of the clinical features. A previously unreported homozygous c.1723delC (p.H575Ifs*19) variant was detected in the last exon 7 of KIFBP which led to GOSHS. According to our findings, we suggest that this mutation expands mutational databases and contributes to the understanding of the phenotypic features of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Ozyavuz Cubuk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Karim A, Tang CSM, Tam PKH. The Emerging Genetic Landscape of Hirschsprung Disease and Its Potential Clinical Applications. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:638093. [PMID: 34422713 PMCID: PMC8374333 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.638093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is the leading cause of neonatal functional intestinal obstruction. It is a rare congenital disease with an incidence of one in 3,500-5,000 live births. HSCR is characterized by the absence of enteric ganglia in the distal colon, plausibly due to genetic defects perturbing the normal migration, proliferation, differentiation, and/or survival of the enteric neural crest cells as well as impaired interaction with the enteric progenitor cell niche. Early linkage analyses in Mendelian and syndromic forms of HSCR uncovered variants with large effects in major HSCR genes including RET, EDNRB, and their interacting partners in the same biological pathways. With the advances in genome-wide genotyping and next-generation sequencing technologies, there has been a remarkable progress in understanding of the genetic basis of HSCR in the past few years, with common and rare variants with small to moderate effects being uncovered. The discovery of new HSCR genes such as neuregulin and BACE2 as well as the deeper understanding of the roles and mechanisms of known HSCR genes provided solid evidence that many HSCR cases are in the form of complex polygenic/oligogenic disorder where rare variants act in the sensitized background of HSCR-associated common variants. This review summarizes the roadmap of genetic discoveries of HSCR from the earlier family-based linkage analyses to the recent population-based genome-wide analyses coupled with functional genomics, and how these discoveries facilitated our understanding of the genetic architecture of this complex disease and provide the foundation of clinical translation for precision and stratified medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Karim
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Sze-Man Tang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak-Sum Research Center, The University of Hong Kong—Karolinska Institute Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Kwong-Hang Tam
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak-Sum Research Center, The University of Hong Kong—Karolinska Institute Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, China
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Pallavicini G, Gai M, Iegiani G, Berto GE, Adrait A, Couté Y, Di Cunto F. Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome protein KIF1BP is a CITK interactor implicated in cytokinesis. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs250902. [PMID: 34100550 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Goldberg-Shprintzen disease (GOSHS) is a rare microcephaly syndrome accompanied by intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, peripheral neuropathy and Hirschsprung disease. It is associated with recessive mutations in the gene encoding kinesin family member 1-binding protein (KIF1BP, also known as KIFBP). The encoded protein regulates axon microtubules dynamics, kinesin attachment and mitochondrial biogenesis, but it is not clear how its loss could lead to microcephaly. We identified KIF1BP in the interactome of citron kinase (CITK, also known as CIT), a protein produced by the primary hereditary microcephaly 17 (MCPH17) gene. KIF1BP and CITK interact under physiological conditions in mitotic cells. Similar to CITK, KIF1BP is enriched at the midbody ring and is required for cytokinesis. The association between KIF1BP and CITK can be influenced by CITK activity, and the two proteins may antagonize each other for their midbody localization. KIF1BP knockdown decreases microtubule stability, increases KIF23 midbody levels and impairs midbody localization of KIF14, as well as of chromosome passenger complex. These data indicate that KIF1BP is a CITK interactor involved in midbody maturation and abscission, and suggest that cytokinesis failure may contribute to the microcephaly phenotype observed in GOSHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Pallavicini
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin 10123, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Marta Gai
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Giorgia Iegiani
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin 10123, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Gaia Elena Berto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin 10123, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Annie Adrait
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle (BGE), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (IRIG), Laboratoire Biologie à Grande Echelle (BGE), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ferdinando Di Cunto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin 10123, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
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Atherton J, Moores CA. Cryo-EM of kinesin-binding protein: challenges and opportunities from protein-surface interactions. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:411-423. [PMID: 33825702 PMCID: PMC8025885 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321001935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-binding protein (KBP) is an important selective inhibitor of specific kinesin family members and its genetic disruption causes Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently been used to reveal the structure of KBP alone (72 kDa) and in complex with the motor domain of the mitotic kinesin-12 KIF15 (110 kDa). KBP is an α-solenoid, tetratricopeptide-repeat protein that interacts with the microtubule-binding region of the kinesin motor domain and blocks microtubule attachment. Numerous challenges arose relating to the behavior of KBP and KBP-kinesin complexes during cryo-EM sample preparation. These included the partial denaturation of KBP by air-water interfaces, protein aggregation resulting from carbon interaction and preferential orientation. Sample preparation with a graphene oxide substrate enabled the eventual structure determination. Here, experiences with preparing these samples are detailed, bringing attention to some of the challenges and opportunities that are likely to arise from protein-surface interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Atherton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn A. Moores
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Atherton J, Hummel JJA, Olieric N, Locke J, Peña A, Rosenfeld SS, Steinmetz MO, Hoogenraad CC, Moores CA. The mechanism of kinesin inhibition by kinesin-binding protein. eLife 2020; 9:e61481. [PMID: 33252036 PMCID: PMC7746232 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcellular compartmentalisation is necessary for eukaryotic cell function. Spatial and temporal regulation of kinesin activity is essential for building these local environments via control of intracellular cargo distribution. Kinesin-binding protein (KBP) interacts with a subset of kinesins via their motor domains, inhibits their microtubule (MT) attachment, and blocks their cellular function. However, its mechanisms of inhibition and selectivity have been unclear. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy to reveal the structure of KBP and of a KBP-kinesin motor domain complex. KBP is a tetratricopeptide repeat-containing, right-handed α-solenoid that sequesters the kinesin motor domain's tubulin-binding surface, structurally distorting the motor domain and sterically blocking its MT attachment. KBP uses its α-solenoid concave face and edge loops to bind the kinesin motor domain, and selected structure-guided mutations disrupt KBP inhibition of kinesin transport in cells. The KBP-interacting motor domain surface contains motifs exclusively conserved in KBP-interacting kinesins, suggesting a basis for kinesin selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Atherton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jessica JA Hummel
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Natacha Olieric
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer InstitutVilligen PSISwitzerland
| | - Julia Locke
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Peña
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer InstitutVilligen PSISwitzerland
- University of Basel, BiozentrumBaselSwitzerland
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Carolyn A Moores
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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13
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Rizalar FS, Roosen DA, Haucke V. A Presynaptic Perspective on Transport and Assembly Mechanisms for Synapse Formation. Neuron 2020; 109:27-41. [PMID: 33098763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells with a single axon and multiple dendrites derived from the cell body to form tightly associated pre- and postsynaptic compartments. As the biosynthetic machinery is largely restricted to the somatodendritic domain, the vast majority of presynaptic components are synthesized in the neuronal soma, packaged into synaptic precursor vesicles, and actively transported along the axon to sites of presynaptic biogenesis. In contrast with the significant progress that has been made in understanding synaptic transmission and processing of information at the post-synapse, comparably little is known about the formation and dynamic remodeling of the presynaptic compartment. We review here our current understanding of the mechanisms that govern the biogenesis, transport, and assembly of the key components for presynaptic neurotransmission, discuss how alterations in presynaptic assembly may impact nervous system function or lead to disease, and outline key open questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Sila Rizalar
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorien A Roosen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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14
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MacKenzie KC, de Graaf BM, Syrimis A, Zhao Y, Brosens E, Mancini GMS, Schot R, Halley D, Wilke M, Vøllo A, Flinter F, Green A, Mansour S, Pilch J, Stark Z, Zamba-Papanicolaou E, Christophidou-Anastasiadou V, Hofstra RMW, Jongbloed JDH, Nicolaou N, Tanteles GA, Brooks AS, Alves MM. Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome is determined by the absence, or reduced expression levels, of KIFBP. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1906-1917. [PMID: 32939943 PMCID: PMC7693350 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome (GOSHS) is caused by loss of function variants in the kinesin binding protein gene (KIFBP). However, the phenotypic range of this syndrome is wide, indicating that other factors may play a role. To date, 37 patients with GOSHS have been reported. Here, we document nine new patients with variants in KIFBP: seven with nonsense variants and two with missense variants. To our knowledge, this is the first time that missense variants have been reported in GOSHS. We functionally investigated the effect of the variants identified, in an attempt to find a genotype-phenotype correlation. We also determined whether common Hirschsprung disease (HSCR)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), could explain the presence of HSCR in GOSHS. Our results showed that the missense variants led to reduced expression of KIFBP, while the truncating variants resulted in lack of protein. However, no correlation was found between the severity of GOSHS and the location of the variants. We were also unable to find a correlation between common HSCR-associated SNPs, and HSCR development in GOSHS. In conclusion, we show that reduced, as well as lack of KIFBP expression can lead to GOSHS, and our results suggest that a threshold expression of KIFBP may modulate phenotypic variability of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C MacKenzie
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca M de Graaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Syrimis
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics and Archbishop Makarios III Medical Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Yuying Zhao
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Schot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dicky Halley
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arve Vøllo
- Department of Paediatrics, Sykehuset Østfold HF, Fredrikstad, Norway
| | - Frances Flinter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Green
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sahar Mansour
- South West Thames Regional Genetic Service, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK
| | - Jacek Pilch
- Department of Child Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zornitza Stark
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Robert M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan D H Jongbloed
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nayia Nicolaou
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics and Archbishop Makarios III Medical Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George A Tanteles
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics and Archbishop Makarios III Medical Centre, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alice S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria M Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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The clinical-phenotype continuum in DYNC1H1-related disorders-genomic profiling and proposal for a novel classification. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:1003-1017. [PMID: 32788638 PMCID: PMC7719554 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-020-0803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the cytoplasmic dynein 1 heavy chain gene (DYNC1H1) have been identified in rare neuromuscular (NMD) and neurodevelopmental (NDD) disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity dominance (SMALED) and autosomal dominant mental retardation syndrome 13 (MRD13). Phenotypes and genotypes of ten pediatric patients with pathogenic DYNC1H1 variants were analyzed in a multi-center study. Data mining of large-scale genomic variant databases was used to investigate domain-specific vulnerability and conservation of DYNC1H1. We identified ten patients with nine novel mutations in the DYNC1H1 gene. These patients exhibit a broad spectrum of clinical findings, suggesting an overlapping disease manifestation with intermixed phenotypes ranging from neuropathy (peripheral nervous system, PNS) to severe intellectual disability (central nervous system, CNS). Genomic profiling of healthy and patient variant datasets underlines the domain-specific effects of genetic variation in DYNC1H1, specifically on toleration towards missense variants in the linker domain. A retrospective analysis of all published mutations revealed domain-specific genotype–phenotype correlations, i.e., mutations in the dimerization domain with reductions in lower limb strength in DYNC1H1–NMD and motor domain with cerebral malformations in DYNC1H1–NDD. We highlight that the current classification into distinct disease entities does not sufficiently reflect the clinical disease manifestation that clinicians face in the diagnostic work-up of DYNC1H1-related disorders. We propose a novel clinical classification for DYNC1H1-related disorders encompassing a spectrum from DYNC1H1–NMD with an exclusive PNS phenotype to DYNC1H1–NDD with concomitant CNS involvement.
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16
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Abstract
The intracellular transport system in neurons is specialized to an extraordinary degree, enabling the delivery of critical cargo to sites in axons or dendrites that are far removed from the cell center. Vesicles formed in the cell body are actively transported by kinesin motors along axonal microtubules to presynaptic sites that can be located more than a meter away. Both growth factors and degradative vesicles carrying aged organelles or aggregated proteins take the opposite route, driven by dynein motors. Distance is not the only challenge; precise delivery of cargos to sites of need must also be accomplished. For example, localized delivery of presynaptic components to hundreds of thousands of "en passant" synapses distributed along the length of a single axon in some neuronal subtypes provides a layer of complexity that must be successfully navigated to maintain synaptic transmission. We review recent advances in the field of axonal transport, with a focus on conceptual developments, and highlight our growing quantitative understanding of neuronal trafficking and its role in maintaining the synaptic function that underlies higher cognitive processes such as learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Guedes-Dias
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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17
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Kuehne B, Heine E, Dafsari HS, Irwin R, Heller R, Bangen U, Brockmeier K, Kribs A, Oberthuer A, Cirak S. Use of whole exome sequencing in the NICU: Case of an extremely low birth weight infant with syndromic features. Mol Cell Probes 2019; 45:89-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Zhang JR, Zhang ZB. [Syndromic Hirschsprung′s disease and its mode of inheritance]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:428-432. [PMID: 29764583 PMCID: PMC7389055 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung′s disease (HSCR) is one of the major causes of chronic incomplete intestinal obstruction in children. HSCR is considered a type of neurocristopathy caused by no colonization of ganglion cells on some parts of the bowel wall due to abnormal termination of the migration of vagal neural cells during embryonic development. This disease can be classified into different types according to the length of the affected intestinal canal. Most HSCR patients present with single deformity, but some HSCR patients are affected by other deformities, which constitutes syndromic HSCR, such as congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, Fryns syndrome, and cartilage-hair hypoplasia syndrome. Most syndromes have abnormal genetic material. An adequate knowledge of syndromic HSCR is of vital importance for accurate diagnosis and prognostic evaluation. This article reviews the clinical manifestations, genetic basis, and genetic modes of different types of syndromic HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110003, China.
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19
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Hirst CS, Stamp LA, Bergner AJ, Hao MM, Tran MX, Morgan JM, Dutschmann M, Allen AM, Paxinos G, Furlong TM, McKeown SJ, Young HM. Kif1bp loss in mice leads to defects in the peripheral and central nervous system and perinatal death. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16676. [PMID: 29192291 PMCID: PMC5709403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome is a poorly understood condition characterized by learning difficulties, facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, and Hirschsprung disease. GOSHS is due to recessive mutations in KIAA1279, which encodes kinesin family member 1 binding protein (KIF1BP, also known as KBP). We examined the effects of inactivation of Kif1bp in mice. Mice lacking Kif1bp died shortly after birth, and exhibited smaller brains, olfactory bulbs and anterior commissures, and defects in the vagal and sympathetic innervation of the gut. Kif1bp was found to interact with Ret to regulate the development of the vagal innervation of the stomach. Although newborn Kif1bp−/− mice had neurons along the entire bowel, the colonization of the gut by neural crest-derived cells was delayed. The data show an essential in vivo role for KIF1BP in axon extension from some neurons, and the reduced size of the olfactory bulb also suggests additional roles for KIF1BP. Our mouse model provides a valuable resource to understand GOSHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Hirst
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Lincon A Stamp
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Annette J Bergner
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Marlene M Hao
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Mai X Tran
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jan M Morgan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Matthias Dutschmann
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew M Allen
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - George Paxinos
- Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, 2031, NSW, Australia
| | - Teri M Furlong
- Neuroscience Research Australia and School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, 2031, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonja J McKeown
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia. .,Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
| | - Heather M Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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20
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Rossor AM, Carr AS, Devine H, Chandrashekar H, Pelayo-Negro AL, Pareyson D, Shy ME, Scherer SS, Reilly MM. Peripheral neuropathy in complex inherited diseases: an approach to diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:846-863. [PMID: 28794150 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-313960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common finding in patients with complex inherited neurological diseases and may be subclinical or a major component of the phenotype. This review aims to provide a clinical approach to the diagnosis of this complex group of patients by addressing key questions including the predominant neurological syndrome associated with the neuropathy, for example, spasticity, the type of neuropathy and the other neurological and non-neurological features of the syndrome. Priority is given to the diagnosis of treatable conditions. Using this approach, we associated neuropathy with one of three major syndromic categories: (1) ataxia, (2) spasticity and (3) global neurodevelopmental impairment. Syndromes that do not fall easily into one of these three categories can be grouped according to the predominant system involved in addition to the neuropathy, for example, cardiomyopathy and neuropathy. We also include a separate category of complex inherited relapsing neuropathy syndromes, some of which may mimic Guillain-Barré syndrome, as many will have a metabolic aetiology and be potentially treatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Rossor
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Aisling S Carr
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Helen Devine
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Hoskote Chandrashekar
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Ana Lara Pelayo-Negro
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Unit of Neurological Rare Diseases of Adulthood, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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21
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Kevenaar JT, Bianchi S, van Spronsen M, Olieric N, Lipka J, Frias CP, Mikhaylova M, Harterink M, Keijzer N, Wulf PS, Hilbert M, Kapitein LC, de Graaff E, Ahkmanova A, Steinmetz MO, Hoogenraad CC. Kinesin-Binding Protein Controls Microtubule Dynamics and Cargo Trafficking by Regulating Kinesin Motor Activity. Curr Biol 2016; 26:849-61. [PMID: 26948876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Kinesin motor proteins play a fundamental role for normal neuronal development by controlling intracellular cargo transport and microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton organization. Regulating kinesin activity is important to ensure their proper functioning, and their misregulation often leads to severe human neurological disorders. Homozygous nonsense mutations in kinesin-binding protein (KBP)/KIAA1279 cause the neurological disorder Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome (GOSHS), which is characterized by intellectual disability, microcephaly, and axonal neuropathy. Here, we show that KBP regulates kinesin activity by interacting with the motor domains of a specific subset of kinesins to prevent their association with the MT cytoskeleton. The KBP-interacting kinesins include cargo-transporting motors such as kinesin-3/KIF1A and MT-depolymerizing motor kinesin-8/KIF18A. We found that KBP blocks KIF1A/UNC-104-mediated synaptic vesicle transport in cultured hippocampal neurons and in C. elegans PVD sensory neurons. In contrast, depletion of KBP results in the accumulation of KIF1A motors and synaptic vesicles in the axonal growth cone. We also show that KBP regulates neuronal MT dynamics by controlling KIF18A activity. Our data suggest that KBP functions as a kinesin inhibitor that modulates MT-based cargo motility and depolymerizing activity of a subset of kinesin motors. We propose that misregulation of KBP-controlled kinesin motors may represent the underlying molecular mechanism that contributes to the neuropathological defects observed in GOSHS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josta T Kevenaar
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Bianchi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Myrrhe van Spronsen
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natacha Olieric
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Lipka
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands; International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-1009 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cátia P Frias
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands; RG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Harterink
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nanda Keijzer
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Phebe S Wulf
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manuel Hilbert
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther de Graaff
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Ahkmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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22
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Moffat JJ, Ka M, Jung EM, Kim WY. Genes and brain malformations associated with abnormal neuron positioning. Mol Brain 2015; 8:72. [PMID: 26541977 PMCID: PMC4635534 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal positioning is a fundamental process during brain development. Abnormalities in this process cause several types of brain malformations and are linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. Little is known about the pathogenesis of developmental brain malformations associated with abnormal neuron positioning, which has hindered research into potential treatments. However, recent advances in neurogenetics provide clues to the pathogenesis of aberrant neuronal positioning by identifying causative genes. This may help us form a foundation upon which therapeutic tools can be developed. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of neural development and migration, as they relate to defects in neuronal positioning. We then discuss recent progress in identifying genes and brain malformations associated with aberrant neuronal positioning during human brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Moffat
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985960 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5960, USA.
| | - Minhan Ka
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985960 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5960, USA.
| | - Eui-Man Jung
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985960 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5960, USA.
| | - Woo-Yang Kim
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985960 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5960, USA.
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