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Tao X, Liu J, Diaz-Perez Z, Foley JR, Nwafor A, Stewart TM, Casero RA, Zhai RG. Reduction of spermine synthase enhances autophagy to suppress Tau accumulation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:333. [PMID: 38740758 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Precise polyamine metabolism regulation is vital for cells and organisms. Mutations in spermine synthase (SMS) cause Snyder-Robinson intellectual disability syndrome (SRS), characterized by significant spermidine accumulation and autophagy blockage in the nervous system. Emerging evidence connects polyamine metabolism with other autophagy-related diseases, such as Tauopathy, however, the functional intersection between polyamine metabolism and autophagy in the context of these diseases remains unclear. Here, we altered SMS expression level to investigate the regulation of autophagy by modulated polyamine metabolism in Tauopathy in Drosophila and human cellular models. Interestingly, while complete loss of Drosophila spermine synthase (dSms) impairs lysosomal function and blocks autophagic flux recapitulating SRS disease phenotype, partial loss of dSms enhanced autophagic flux, reduced Tau protein accumulation, and led to extended lifespan and improved climbing performance in Tauopathy flies. Measurement of polyamine levels detected a mild elevation of spermidine in flies with partial loss of dSms. Similarly, in human neuronal or glial cells, partial loss of SMS by siRNA-mediated knockdown upregulated autophagic flux and reduced Tau protein accumulation. Importantly, proteomics analysis of postmortem brain tissue from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients showed a significant albeit modest elevation of SMS level. Taken together, our study uncovers a functional correlation between polyamine metabolism and autophagy in AD: SMS reduction upregulates autophagy, suppresses Tau accumulation, and ameliorates neurodegeneration and cell death. These findings provide a new potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzun Tao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zoraida Diaz-Perez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jackson R Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Nwafor
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Grace Zhai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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2
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Bachmann AS, VanSickle EA, Michael J, Vipond M, Bupp CP. Bachmann-Bupp syndrome and treatment. Dev Med Child Neurol 2024; 66:445-455. [PMID: 37469105 PMCID: PMC10796844 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Bachmann-Bupp syndrome (BABS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay, hypotonia, and varying forms of non-congenital alopecia. The condition is caused by 3'-end mutations of the ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) gene, which produce carboxy (C)-terminally truncated variants of ODC, a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme. C-terminal truncation of ODC prevents its ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation and leads to cellular accumulation of ODC enzyme that remains catalytically active. ODC is the first rate-limiting enzyme that converts ornithine to putrescine in the polyamine pathway. Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) are aliphatic molecules found in all forms of life and are important during embryogenesis, organogenesis, and tumorigenesis. BABS is an ultra-rare condition with few reported cases, but it serves as a convincing example for drug repurposing therapy. α-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, also known as eflornithine) is an ODC inhibitor with a strong safety profile in pediatric use for neuroblastoma and other cancers as well as West African sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis). Patients with BABS have been treated with DFMO and have shown improvement in hair growth, muscle tone, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- André S Bachmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth A VanSickle
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Corewell Health, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Julianne Michael
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Corewell Health, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Marlie Vipond
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Corewell Health, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Caleb P Bupp
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Corewell Health, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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3
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Willems AP, van der Ham M, Schiebergen-Bronkhorst BGM, van Aalderen M, de Barse MMJ, De Gruyter FE, van Hoek IN, Pras-Raves ML, de Sain-van der Velden MGM, Prinsen HCMT, Verhoeven-Duif NM, Jans JJM. A one-year pilot study comparing direct-infusion high resolution mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics to targeted diagnostic screening for inherited metabolic diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1283083. [PMID: 38028537 PMCID: PMC10657655 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1283083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Early diagnosis of inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs) is important because treatment may lead to reduced mortality and improved prognosis. Due to their diversity, it is a challenge to diagnose IMDs in time, effecting an emerging need for a comprehensive test to acquire an overview of metabolite status. Untargeted metabolomics has proven its clinical potential in diagnosing IMDs, but is not yet widely used in genetic metabolic laboratories. Methods: We assessed the potential role of plasma untargeted metabolomics in a clinical diagnostic setting by using direct infusion high resolution mass spectrometry (DI-HRMS) in parallel with traditional targeted metabolite assays. We compared quantitative data and qualitative performance of targeted versus untargeted metabolomics in patients suspected of an IMD (n = 793 samples) referred to our laboratory for 1 year. To compare results of both approaches, the untargeted data was limited to polar metabolites that were analyzed in targeted plasma assays. These include amino acid, (acyl)carnitine and creatine metabolites and are suitable for diagnosing IMDs across many of the disease groups described in the international classification of inherited metabolic disorders (ICIMD). Results: For the majority of metabolites, the concentrations as measured in targeted assays correlated strongly with the semi quantitative Z-scores determined with DI-HRMS. For 64/793 patients, targeted assays showed an abnormal metabolite profile possibly indicative of an IMD. In 55 of these patients, similar aberrations were found with DI-HRMS. The remaining 9 patients showed only marginally increased or decreased metabolite concentrations that, in retrospect, were most likely to be clinically irrelevant. Illustrating its potential, DI-HRMS detected additional patients with aberrant metabolites that were indicative of an IMD not detected by targeted plasma analysis, such as purine and pyrimidine disorders and a carnitine synthesis disorder. Conclusion: This one-year pilot study showed that DI-HRMS untargeted metabolomics can be used as a first-tier approach replacing targeted assays of amino acid, acylcarnitine and creatine metabolites with ample opportunities to expand. Using DI-HRMS untargeted metabolomics as a first-tier will open up possibilities to look for new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Judith J. M. Jans
- Section Metabolic Diagnostics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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4
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Michael J, VanSickle E, Vipond M, Dalman A, Prokop J, Schwartz CE, Rajasekaran S, Bachmann AS, Barth M, Prouteau C, Almagor Y, Berkun L, Alterescu G, Bupp CP. Two New Cases of Bachmann-Bupp Syndrome Identified through the International Center for Polyamine Disorders. Med Sci (Basel) 2023; 11:29. [PMID: 37092498 PMCID: PMC10123676 DOI: 10.3390/medsci11020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent identification of four additional polyaminopathies, including Bachmann-Bupp syndrome, have benefited from previous research on Snyder-Robinson syndrome in order to advance from research to treatment more quickly. As a result of the discovery of these conditions, the potential for treatment within this pathway, and for other possible unidentified polyaminopathies, the International Center for Polyamine Disorders (ICPD) was created to help promote understanding of these conditions, research opportunities, and appropriate care for families. This case study provides insights from two new patients diagnosed with Bachmann-Bupp syndrome, further expanding our understanding of this ultra-rare condition, as well as a general discussion about other known polyaminopathies. This work also presents considerations for collaborative research efforts across these conditions, along with others that are likely to be identified in time, and outlines the role that the ICPD hopes to fill as more patients with these polyaminopathies continue to be identified and diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Michael
- Corewell Health and Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Elizabeth VanSickle
- Corewell Health and Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Marlie Vipond
- Corewell Health and Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Abby Dalman
- Corewell Health and Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Jeremy Prokop
- Corewell Health and Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Charles E. Schwartz
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Surender Rajasekaran
- Corewell Health and Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - André S. Bachmann
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Magalie Barth
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital Center, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Clément Prouteau
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital Center, 49100 Angers, France
| | | | - Lina Berkun
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Medical Genetics Institute, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Gheona Alterescu
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Medical Genetics Institute, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Caleb P. Bupp
- Corewell Health and Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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5
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Tao X, Liu J, Diaz-Perez Z, Foley JR, Stewart TM, Casero RA, Zhai RG. Reduction of Spermine Synthase Suppresses Tau Accumulation Through Autophagy Modulation in Tauopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.17.533015. [PMID: 36993333 PMCID: PMC10055309 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.17.533015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathy, including Alzheimer Disease (AD), is characterized by Tau protein accumulation and autophagy dysregulation. Emerging evidence connects polyamine metabolism with the autophagy pathway, however the role of polyamines in Tauopathy remains unclear. In the present study we investigated the role of spermine synthase (SMS) in autophagy regulation and tau protein processing in Drosophila and human cellular models of Tauopathy. Our previous study showed that Drosophila spermine synthase (dSms) deficiency impairs lysosomal function and blocks autophagy flux. Interestingly, partial loss-of-function of SMS in heterozygous dSms flies extends lifespan and improves the climbing performance of flies with human Tau (hTau) overexpression. Mechanistic analysis showed that heterozygous loss-of-function mutation of dSms reduces hTau protein accumulation through enhancing autophagic flux. Measurement of polyamine levels detected a mild elevation of spermidine in flies with heterozygous loss of dSms. SMS knock-down in human neuronal or glial cells also upregulates autophagic flux and reduces Tau protein accumulation. Proteomics analysis of postmortem brain tissue from AD patients showed a significant albeit modest elevation of SMS protein level in AD-relevant brain regions compared to that of control brains consistently across several datasets. Taken together, our study uncovers a correlation between SMS protein level and AD pathogenesis and reveals that SMS reduction upregulates autophagy, promotes Tau clearance, and reduces Tau protein accumulation. These findings provide a new potential therapeutic target of Tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzun Tao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Zoraida Diaz-Perez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jackson R Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Robert A Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - R Grace Zhai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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6
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Veltra D, Tilemis FN, Marinakis NM, Svingou M, Mitrakos A, Kosma K, Tsoutsou I, Makrythanasis P, Theodorou V, Katsalouli M, Vorgia P, Niotakis G, Vartzelis G, Dinopoulos A, Evangeliou A, Mouskou S, Korona A, Mastroyianni S, Papavasiliou A, Tzetis M, Pons R, Traeger-Synodinos J, Sofocleous C. Combined exome analysis and exome depth assessment achieve a high diagnostic yield in an epilepsy case series, revealing significant genomic heterogeneity and novel mechanisms. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:85-103. [PMID: 36714946 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2173578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetics of epilepsy are highly heterogeneous and complex. Lesions detected involve genes encoding various types of channels, transcription factors, and other proteins implicated in numerous cellular processes, such as synaptogenesis. Consequently, a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and overlapping phenotypes hinders differential diagnosis and highlights the need for molecular investigations toward delineation of underlying mechanisms and final diagnosis. Characterization of defects may also contribute valuable data on genetic landscapes and networks implicated in epileptogenesis. METHODS This study reports on genetic findings from exome sequencing (ES) data of 107 patients with variable types of seizures, with or without additional symptoms, in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders. RESULTS Multidisciplinary evaluation of ES, including ancillary detection of copy number variants (CNVs) with the ExomeDepth tool, supported a definite diagnosis in 59.8% of the patients, reflecting one of the highest diagnostic yields in epilepsy. CONCLUSION Emerging advances of next-generation technologies and 'in silico' analysis tools offer the possibility to simultaneously detect several types of variations. Wide assessment of variable findings, specifically those found to be novel and least expected, reflects the ever-evolving genetic landscape of seizure development, potentially beneficial for increased opportunities for trial recruitment and enrollment, and optimized, even personalized, medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Veltra
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Faidon-Nikolaos Tilemis
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Research University Institute for the Study and Prevention of Genetic and Malignant Disease of Childhood, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos M Marinakis
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Research University Institute for the Study and Prevention of Genetic and Malignant Disease of Childhood, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Svingou
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Mitrakos
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kosma
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Tsoutsou
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Periklis Makrythanasis
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Virginia Theodorou
- Pediatric Neurology Department, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Katsalouli
- Pediatric Neurology Department, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Pelagia Vorgia
- Agrifood and Life Sciences Institute, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Niotakis
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Venizelion Hospital, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios Vartzelis
- Second Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Argirios Dinopoulos
- Forth Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Athens Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Evangeliou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Mouskou
- Pediatric Neurology Department, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Korona
- Pediatric Neurology Department, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiria Mastroyianni
- Pediatric Neurology Department, P. & A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Tzetis
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Roser Pons
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Joanne Traeger-Synodinos
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christalena Sofocleous
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, St. Sophia's Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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7
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Hofer SJ, Simon AK, Bergmann M, Eisenberg T, Kroemer G, Madeo F. Mechanisms of spermidine-induced autophagy and geroprotection. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:1112-1129. [PMID: 37118547 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging involves the systemic deterioration of all known cell types in most eukaryotes. Several recently discovered compounds that extend the healthspan and lifespan of model organisms decelerate pathways that govern the aging process. Among these geroprotectors, spermidine, a natural polyamine ubiquitously found in organisms from all kingdoms, prolongs the lifespan of fungi, nematodes, insects and rodents. In mice, it also postpones the manifestation of various age-associated disorders such as cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration. The specific features of spermidine, including its presence in common food items, make it an interesting candidate for translational aging research. Here, we review novel insights into the geroprotective mode of action of spermidine at the molecular level, as we discuss strategies for elucidating its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian J Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Bergmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
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8
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Afrin A, Afshan TS, VanSickle EA, Michael J, Laarman RL, Bupp CP. Improvement of dermatological symptoms in patients with Bachmann-Bupp syndrome using difluoromethylornithine treatment. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 40:528-531. [PMID: 36443247 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Bachmann-Bupp syndrome (OMIM #619075) is a novel autosomal dominant disorder caused by variants in the c-terminus of the ornithine decarboxylase 1 gene, resulting in increased levels of ornithine decarboxylase. This case report includes two patients diagnosed with Bachmann-Bupp syndrome who were treated with difluoromethylornithine through compassionate use approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration. In both patients, treatment with difluoromethylornithine has resulted in improved dermatologic signs, including regrowth of eyebrow and scalp hair and cessation of recurrent follicular cyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Afrin
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Tonia S Afshan
- Pediatric Residency Program, Spectrum Health/Michigan State University/Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elizabeth A VanSickle
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Julianne Michael
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Rachel L Laarman
- Division of Medical Subspecialties, Section of Dermatology, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Caleb P Bupp
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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9
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Polyamines and Their Metabolism: From the Maintenance of Physiological Homeostasis to the Mediation of Disease. MEDICAL SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:medsci10030038. [PMID: 35893120 PMCID: PMC9326668 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The polyamines spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic molecules. They are critical in the regulation of nucleic acid and protein structures, protein synthesis, protein and nucleic acid interactions, oxidative balance, and cell proliferation. Cellular polyamine levels are tightly controlled through their import, export, de novo synthesis, and catabolism. Enzymes and enzymatic cascades involved in polyamine metabolism have been well characterized. This knowledge has been used for the development of novel compounds for research and medical applications. Furthermore, studies have shown that disturbances in polyamine levels and their metabolic pathways, as a result of spontaneous mutations in patients, genetic engineering in mice or experimentally induced injuries in rodents, are associated with multiple maladaptive changes. The adverse effects of altered polyamine metabolism have also been demonstrated in in vitro models. These observations highlight the important role these molecules and their metabolism play in the maintenance of physiological normalcy and the mediation of injury. This review will attempt to cover the extensive and diverse knowledge of the biological role of polyamines and their metabolism in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis and the mediation of tissue injury.
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10
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Tao X, Zhu Y, Diaz-Perez Z, Yu SH, Foley JR, Stewart TM, Casero RA, Steet R, Zhai RG. Phenylbutyrate modulates polyamine acetylase and ameliorates Snyder-Robinson syndrome in a Drosophila model and patient cells. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e158457. [PMID: 35801587 PMCID: PMC9310527 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamine dysregulation plays key roles in a broad range of human diseases from cancer to neurodegeneration. Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS) is the first known genetic disorder of the polyamine pathway, caused by X-linked recessive loss-of-function mutations in spermine synthase. In the Drosophila SRS model, altered spermidine/spermine balance has been associated with increased generation of ROS and aldehydes, consistent with elevated spermidine catabolism. These toxic byproducts cause mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction, which are also observed in cells from SRS patients. No efficient therapy is available. We explored the biochemical mechanism and discovered acetyl-CoA reduction and altered protein acetylation as potentially novel pathomechanisms of SRS. We repurposed the FDA-approved drug phenylbutyrate (PBA) to treat SRS using an in vivo Drosophila model and patient fibroblast cell models. PBA treatment significantly restored the function of mitochondria and autolysosomes and extended life span in vivo in the Drosophila SRS model. Treating fibroblasts of patients with SRS with PBA ameliorated autolysosome dysfunction. We further explored the mechanism of drug action and found that PBA downregulates the first and rate-limiting spermidine catabolic enzyme spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1), reduces the production of toxic metabolites, and inhibits the reduction of the substrate acetyl-CoA. Taken together, we revealed PBA as a potential modulator of SAT1 and acetyl-CoA levels and propose PBA as a therapy for SRS and potentially other polyamine dysregulation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzun Tao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zoraida Diaz-Perez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Seok-Ho Yu
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jackson R. Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert A. Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Steet
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - R. Grace Zhai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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11
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Echeagaray O, Kim T, Casillas A, Monsanto M, Sussman M. Transcriptional features of biological age maintained in human cultured cardiac interstitial cells. Genomics 2021; 113:3705-3717. [PMID: 34509618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo expansion of cells is necessary in regenerative medicine to generate large populations for therapeutic use. Adaptation to culture conditions prompt an increase in transcriptome diversity and decreased population heterogeneity in cKit+ cardiac interstitial cells (cCICs). The "transcriptional memory" influenced by cellular origin remained unexplored and is likely to differ between neonatal versus senescent input cells undergoing culture expansion. Transcriptional profiles derived from single cell RNASEQ platforms characterized human cCIC derived from neonatal and adult source tissue. Bioinformatic analysis revealed contrasting imprint of age influencing targets of 1) cell cycle, 2) senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), 3) RNA transport, and 4) ECM-receptor/fibrosis. A small subset of cCICs exist in a transcriptional continuum between "youthful" phenotype and the damaged microenvironment of LVAD tissue in which they were embedded. The connate transcriptional phenotypes offer fundamental biological insight and highlights cellular input as a consideration in culture expansion and adoptive transfer protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Echeagaray
- San Diego Heart Research Institute and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4650, USA
| | - Taeyong Kim
- San Diego Heart Research Institute and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4650, USA
| | - Alex Casillas
- San Diego Heart Research Institute and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4650, USA
| | - Megan Monsanto
- San Diego Heart Research Institute and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4650, USA
| | - Mark Sussman
- San Diego Heart Research Institute and Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4650, USA.
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12
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VanSickle EA, Michael J, Bachmann AS, Rajasekaran S, Prokop JW, Kuzniecky R, Hofstede FC, Steindl K, Rauch A, Lipson MH, Bupp CP. Expanding the phenotype: Four new cases and hope for treatment in Bachmann-Bupp syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3485-3493. [PMID: 34477286 PMCID: PMC9292803 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bachmann‐Bupp syndrome (BABS) is a rare syndrome caused by gain‐of‐function variants in the C‐terminus of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC coded by the ODC1 gene). BABS is characterized by developmental delay, macrocephaly, macrosomia, and an unusual pattern of non‐congenital alopecia. Recent diagnosis of four more BABS patients provides further characterization of the phenotype of this syndrome including late‐onset seizures in the oldest reported patient at 23 years of age, representing the first report for this phenotype in BABS. Neuroimaging abnormalities continue to be an inconsistent feature of the syndrome. This may be related to the yet unknown impact of ODC/polyamine dysregulation on the developing brain in this syndrome. Variants continue to cluster, providing support to a universal biochemical mechanism related to elevated ODC protein, enzyme activity, and abnormalities in polyamine levels. Recommendations for medical management can now be suggested as well as the potential for targeted molecular or metabolic testing when encountering this unique phenotype. The natural history of this syndrome will evolve with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) therapy and raise new questions for further study and understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A VanSickle
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Julianne Michael
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - André S Bachmann
- International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Surender Rajasekaran
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeremy W Prokop
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruben Kuzniecky
- Department of Neurology-Northwell Health, Zucker Hofstra School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Floris C Hofstede
- Department of General Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Department of General Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Department of General Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark H Lipson
- Genetics Department, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Caleb P Bupp
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.,International Center for Polyamine Disorders, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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13
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Choquet H, Yin J, Jacobson AS, Horton BH, Hoffmann TJ, Jorgenson E, Avins AL, Pressman AR. New and sex-specific migraine susceptibility loci identified from a multiethnic genome-wide meta-analysis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:864. [PMID: 34294844 PMCID: PMC8298472 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a common disabling primary headache disorder that is ranked as the most common neurological cause of disability worldwide. Women present with migraine much more frequently than men, but the reasons for this difference are unknown. Migraine heritability is estimated to up to 57%, yet much of the genetic risk remains unaccounted for, especially in non-European ancestry populations. To elucidate the etiology of this common disorder, we conduct a multiethnic genome-wide association meta-analysis of migraine, combining results from the GERA and UK Biobank cohorts, followed by a European-ancestry meta-analysis using public summary statistics. We report 79 loci associated with migraine, of which 45 were novel. Sex-stratified analyses identify three additional novel loci (CPS1, PBRM1, and SLC25A21) specific to women. This large multiethnic migraine study provides important information that may substantially improve our understanding of the etiology of migraine susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Choquet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Jie Yin
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Brandon H Horton
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Andrew L Avins
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice R Pressman
- Sutter Health, Walnut Creek, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
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14
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Rajasekaran S, Bupp CP, Leimanis-Laurens M, Shukla A, Russell C, Junewick J, Gleason E, VanSickle EA, Edgerly Y, Wittmann BM, Prokop JW, Bachmann AS. Repurposing eflornithine to treat a patient with a rare ODC1 gain-of-function variant disease. eLife 2021; 10:67097. [PMID: 34282722 PMCID: PMC8291972 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Polyamine levels are intricately controlled by biosynthetic, catabolic enzymes and antizymes. The complexity suggests that minute alterations in levels lead to profound abnormalities. We described the therapeutic course for a rare syndrome diagnosed by whole exome sequencing caused by gain-of-function variants in the C-terminus of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), characterized by neurological deficits and alopecia. Methods: N-acetylputrescine levels with other metabolites were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography paired with mass spectrometry and Z-scores established against a reference cohort of 866 children. Results: From previous studies and metabolic profiles, eflornithine was identified as potentially beneficial with therapy initiated on FDA approval. Eflornithine normalized polyamine levels without disrupting other pathways. She demonstrated remarkable improvement in both neurological symptoms and cortical architecture. She gained fine motor skills with the capacity to feed herself and sit with support. Conclusions: This work highlights the strategy of repurposing drugs to treat a rare disease. Funding: No external funding was received for this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Rajasekaran
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, United States.,Spectrum Health Office of Research and Education, Grand Rapids, United States.,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Caleb P Bupp
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, United States.,Medical Genetics, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Mara Leimanis-Laurens
- Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, United States.,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Ankit Shukla
- Department of Pharmacy, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Christopher Russell
- Spectrum Health Office of Research and Education, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Joseph Junewick
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Emily Gleason
- Spectrum Health Office of Research and Education, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Elizabeth A VanSickle
- Medical Genetics, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Yvonne Edgerly
- Spectrum Health Office of Research and Education, Grand Rapids, United States
| | | | - Jeremy W Prokop
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - André S Bachmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, United States
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15
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Prokop JW, Bupp CP, Frisch A, Bilinovich SM, Campbell DB, Vogt D, Schultz CR, Uhl KL, VanSickle E, Rajasekaran S, Bachmann AS. Emerging Role of ODC1 in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Brain Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040470. [PMID: 33806076 PMCID: PMC8064465 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1 gene) has been linked through gain-of-function variants to a rare disease featuring developmental delay, alopecia, macrocephaly, and structural brain anomalies. ODC1 has been linked to additional diseases like cancer, with growing evidence for neurological contributions to schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety, epilepsy, learning, and suicidal behavior. The evidence of ODC1 connection to neural disorders highlights the need for a systematic analysis of ODC1 genotype-to-phenotype associations. An analysis of variants from ClinVar, Geno2MP, TOPMed, gnomAD, and COSMIC revealed an intellectual disability and seizure connected loss-of-function variant, ODC G84R (rs138359527, NC_000002.12:g.10444500C > T). The missense variant is found in ~1% of South Asian individuals and results in 2.5-fold decrease in enzyme function. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) reveal multiple functionally annotated, non-coding variants regulating ODC1 that associate with psychiatric/neurological phenotypes. Further dissection of RNA-Seq during fetal brain development and within cerebral organoids showed an association of ODC1 expression with cell proliferation of neural progenitor cells, suggesting gain-of-function variants with neural over-proliferation and loss-of-function variants with neural depletion. The linkage from the expression data of ODC1 in early neural progenitor proliferation to phenotypes of neurodevelopmental delay and to the connection of polyamine metabolites in brain function establish ODC1 as a bona fide neurodevelopmental disorder gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W. Prokop
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.P.B.); (A.F.); (S.M.B.); (D.B.C.); (D.V.); (C.R.S.); (K.L.U.); (S.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Center for Research in Autism, Intellectual, and Other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (J.W.P.); (A.S.B.)
| | - Caleb P. Bupp
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.P.B.); (A.F.); (S.M.B.); (D.B.C.); (D.V.); (C.R.S.); (K.L.U.); (S.R.)
- Spectrum Health Medical Genetics, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
| | - Austin Frisch
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.P.B.); (A.F.); (S.M.B.); (D.B.C.); (D.V.); (C.R.S.); (K.L.U.); (S.R.)
| | - Stephanie M. Bilinovich
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.P.B.); (A.F.); (S.M.B.); (D.B.C.); (D.V.); (C.R.S.); (K.L.U.); (S.R.)
| | - Daniel B. Campbell
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.P.B.); (A.F.); (S.M.B.); (D.B.C.); (D.V.); (C.R.S.); (K.L.U.); (S.R.)
- Center for Research in Autism, Intellectual, and Other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.P.B.); (A.F.); (S.M.B.); (D.B.C.); (D.V.); (C.R.S.); (K.L.U.); (S.R.)
- Center for Research in Autism, Intellectual, and Other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Chad R. Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.P.B.); (A.F.); (S.M.B.); (D.B.C.); (D.V.); (C.R.S.); (K.L.U.); (S.R.)
| | - Katie L. Uhl
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.P.B.); (A.F.); (S.M.B.); (D.B.C.); (D.V.); (C.R.S.); (K.L.U.); (S.R.)
| | | | - Surender Rajasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.P.B.); (A.F.); (S.M.B.); (D.B.C.); (D.V.); (C.R.S.); (K.L.U.); (S.R.)
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Office of Research, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - André S. Bachmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; (C.P.B.); (A.F.); (S.M.B.); (D.B.C.); (D.V.); (C.R.S.); (K.L.U.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.P.); (A.S.B.)
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16
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Beijer D, Baets J. The expanding genetic landscape of hereditary motor neuropathies. Brain 2021; 143:3540-3563. [PMID: 33210134 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary motor neuropathies are clinically and genetically diverse disorders characterized by length-dependent axonal degeneration of lower motor neurons. Although currently as many as 26 causal genes are known, there is considerable missing heritability compared to other inherited neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Intriguingly, this genetic landscape spans a discrete number of key biological processes within the peripheral nerve. Also, in terms of underlying pathophysiology, hereditary motor neuropathies show striking overlap with several other neuromuscular and neurological disorders. In this review, we provide a current overview of the genetic spectrum of hereditary motor neuropathies highlighting recent reports of novel genes and mutations or recent discoveries in the underlying disease mechanisms. In addition, we link hereditary motor neuropathies with various related disorders by addressing the main affected pathways of disease divided into five major processes: axonal transport, tRNA aminoacylation, RNA metabolism and DNA integrity, ion channels and transporters and endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique Beijer
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
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17
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Kapfhamer D, McKenna J, Yoon CJ, Murray-Stewart T, Casero RA, Gambello MJ. Ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine synthesis, modifies brain pathology in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:2395-2407. [PMID: 32588887 PMCID: PMC7424721 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by variable expressivity. TSC results from inactivating variants within the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, leading to constitutive activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling. Using a mouse model of TSC (Tsc2-RG) in which the Tsc2 gene is deleted in radial glial precursors and their neuronal and glial descendants, we observed increased ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) enzymatic activity and concentration of its product, putrescine. To test if increased ODC activity and dysregulated polyamine metabolism contribute to the neurodevelopmental defects of Tsc2-RG mice, we used pharmacologic and genetic approaches to reduce ODC activity in Tsc2-RG mice, followed by histologic assessment of brain development. We observed that decreasing ODC activity and putrescine levels in Tsc2-RG mice worsened many of the neurodevelopmental phenotypes, including brain growth and neuronal migration defects, astrogliosis and oxidative stress. These data suggest a protective effect of increased ODC activity and elevated putrescine that modify the phenotype in this developmental Tsc2-RG model.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kapfhamer
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James McKenna
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Caroline J Yoon
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tracy Murray-Stewart
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Gambello
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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18
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Almontashiri NAM, Zha L, Young K, Law T, Kellogg MD, Bodamer OA, Peake RWA. Clinical Validation of Targeted and Untargeted Metabolomics Testing for Genetic Disorders: A 3 Year Comparative Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9382. [PMID: 32523032 PMCID: PMC7287104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Global untargeted metabolomics (GUM) has entered clinical diagnostics for genetic disorders. We compared the clinical utility of GUM with traditional targeted metabolomics (TM) as a screening tool in patients with established genetic disorders and determined the scope of GUM as a discovery tool in patients with no diagnosis under investigation. We compared TM and GUM data in 226 patients. The first cohort (n = 87) included patients with confirmed inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) and genetic syndromes; the second cohort (n = 139) included patients without diagnosis who were undergoing evaluation for a genetic disorder. In patients with known disorders (n = 87), GUM performed with a sensitivity of 86% (95% CI: 78–91) compared with TM for the detection of 51 diagnostic metabolites. The diagnostic yield of GUM in patients under evaluation with no established diagnosis (n = 139) was 0.7%. GUM successfully detected the majority of diagnostic compounds associated with known IEMs. The diagnostic yield of both targeted and untargeted metabolomics studies is low when assessing patients with non-specific, neurological phenotypes. GUM shows promise as a validation tool for variants of unknown significance in candidate genes in patients with non-specific phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif A M Almontashiri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences and the Center for Genetics and Inherited Disorders, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Li Zha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kim Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Terence Law
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark D Kellogg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olaf A Bodamer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roy W A Peake
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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19
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Biochemical features of primary cells from a pediatric patient with a gain-of-function ODC1 genetic mutation. Biochem J 2019; 476:2047-2057. [PMID: 31249027 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We recently described a new autosomal dominant genetic disorder in a pediatric patient caused by a heterozygous de novo mutation in the ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) gene. The new genetic disorder is characterized by global developmental delay, alopecia, overgrowth, and dysmorphic features. We hypothesized that this new mutation (c.1342 A>T) leads to a C-terminal truncation variant of the ODC protein that is resistant to normal proteasomal degradation, leading to putrescine accumulation in cells. ODC (E.C. 4.1.1.17) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) that plays a crucial role during embryogenesis, organogenesis, and tumorigenesis. In this study, we show that primary dermal fibroblasts derived from a skin biopsy of a 3-year-old patient contain large amounts of ODC protein and putrescine compared with primary dermal (neonatal and adult) fibroblast control cells. Importantly, the accumulated ODC protein variant remained functionally active as we detected exceptionally high ODC enzyme activity in both primary dermal fibroblasts (12-17-fold of controls) and red blood cells (RBCs) (125-137-fold of controls), using a specific 14C radioactive ODC activity assay. Exposure of primary dermal fibroblasts to ODC inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) reduced the ODC activity and putrescine to levels observed in controls without adversely affecting cell morphology or inducing cell death. In conclusion, our patient and potentially other patients that carry a similar ODC1 gain-of-function mutation might benefit from treatment with DFMO, a drug with a good safety profile, to suppress the exceptionally high ODC activity and putrescine levels in the body.
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Muenke M. Onward and upward. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1119-1121. [PMID: 31140673 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Ferreira CR. The human phenotype of ornithine decarboxylase superactivity: A new syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2545-2547. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R. Ferreira
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland
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Polyamine Homeostasis in Snyder-Robinson Syndrome. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6040112. [PMID: 30544565 PMCID: PMC6318755 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations of the spermine synthase gene (SMS) result in Snyder-Robinson Syndrome (SRS), a recessive X-linked syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, osteoporosis, hypotonia, speech abnormalities, kyphoscoliosis, and seizures. As SMS catalyzes the biosynthesis of the polyamine spermine from its precursor spermidine, SMS deficiency causes a lack of spermine with an accumulation of spermidine. As polyamines, spermine, and spermidine play essential cellular roles that require tight homeostatic control to ensure normal cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Using patient-derived lymphoblast cell lines, we sought to comprehensively investigate the effects of SMS deficiency on polyamine homeostatic mechanisms including polyamine biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes, derivatives of the natural polyamines, and polyamine transport activity. In addition to decreased spermine and increased spermidine in SRS cells, ornithine decarboxylase activity and its product putrescine were significantly decreased. Treatment of SRS cells with exogenous spermine revealed that polyamine transport was active, as the cells accumulated spermine, decreased their spermidine level, and established a spermidine-to-spermine ratio within the range of wildtype cells. SRS cells also demonstrated elevated levels of tissue transglutaminase, a change associated with certain neurodegenerative diseases. These studies form a basis for further investigations into the leading biochemical changes and properties of SMS-mutant cells that potentially represent therapeutic targets for the treatment of Snyder-Robinson Syndrome.
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