1
|
Leyva-Díaz E. CUT homeobox genes: transcriptional regulation of neuronal specification and beyond. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1233830. [PMID: 37744879 PMCID: PMC10515288 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1233830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CUT homeobox genes represent a captivating gene class fulfilling critical functions in the development and maintenance of multiple cell types across a wide range of organisms. They belong to the larger group of homeobox genes, which encode transcription factors responsible for regulating gene expression patterns during development. CUT homeobox genes exhibit two distinct and conserved DNA binding domains, a homeodomain accompanied by one or more CUT domains. Numerous studies have shown the involvement of CUT homeobox genes in diverse developmental processes such as body axis formation, organogenesis, tissue patterning and neuronal specification. They govern these processes by exerting control over gene expression through their transcriptional regulatory activities, which they accomplish by a combination of classic and unconventional interactions with the DNA. Intriguingly, apart from their roles as transcriptional regulators, they also serve as accessory factors in DNA repair pathways through protein-protein interactions. They are highly conserved across species, highlighting their fundamental importance in developmental biology. Remarkably, evolutionary analysis has revealed that CUT homeobox genes have experienced an extraordinary degree of rearrangements and diversification compared to other classes of homeobox genes, including the emergence of a novel gene family in vertebrates. Investigating the functions and regulatory networks of CUT homeobox genes provides significant understanding into the molecular mechanisms underlying embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, aberrant expression or mutations in CUT homeobox genes have been associated with various human diseases, highlighting their relevance beyond developmental processes. This review will overview the well known roles of CUT homeobox genes in nervous system development, as well as their functions in other tissues across phylogeny.
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu M, Park S. A causal relationship between alcohol intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2865-2876. [PMID: 36184363 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We investigated whether alcohol intake has a causal relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in adults of the Korean Genomic Epidemiology Study using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS Daily alcohol intake was calculated based on the type, average amount, and frequency of alcohol consumption for six months before the interview. The participants were divided into low- and high-alcohol intake of 20 g/day. After adjusting for the covariates related to T2DM, the independent genetic variants (instrumental variables) related to alcohol intake were explored by GWAS analysis in a city hospital-based cohort (n = 58,701). SNPs with a significant level of p-value <5 × 10-8 and linkage disequilibrium of r2 < 0.001 were retrieved. MR methods were used to analyze the causality between alcohol intake and the T2DM risk, and the heterogeneity and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were conducted in Ansan/Ansung plus rural cohorts (n = 13,598). High alcohol intake increased T2DM risk when the inverse-variance weighted (P = 0.012) and weighted median (P = 0.034) methods were used, but not when the MR-Egger method was used. No significant heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy between alcohol intake and T2DM were detected. A single genetic variant did not affect the causal association in a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION This study supports that heavy alcohol intake appears to be causally associated with T2DM risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leung RF, George AM, Roussel EM, Faux MC, Wigle JT, Eisenstat DD. Genetic Regulation of Vertebrate Forebrain Development by Homeobox Genes. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:843794. [PMID: 35546872 PMCID: PMC9081933 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.843794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Forebrain development in vertebrates is regulated by transcription factors encoded by homeobox, bHLH and forkhead gene families throughout the progressive and overlapping stages of neural induction and patterning, regional specification and generation of neurons and glia from central nervous system (CNS) progenitor cells. Moreover, cell fate decisions, differentiation and migration of these committed CNS progenitors are controlled by the gene regulatory networks that are regulated by various homeodomain-containing transcription factors, including but not limited to those of the Pax (paired), Nkx, Otx (orthodenticle), Gsx/Gsh (genetic screened), and Dlx (distal-less) homeobox gene families. This comprehensive review outlines the integral role of key homeobox transcription factors and their target genes on forebrain development, focused primarily on the telencephalon. Furthermore, links of these transcription factors to human diseases, such as neurodevelopmental disorders and brain tumors are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F. Leung
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ankita M. George
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Enola M. Roussel
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Maree C. Faux
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey T. Wigle
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - David D. Eisenstat
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Magno L, Asgarian Z, Pendolino V, Velona T, Mackintosh A, Lee F, Stryjewska A, Zimmer C, Guillemot F, Farrant M, Clark B, Kessaris N. Transient developmental imbalance of cortical interneuron subtypes presages long-term changes in behavior. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109249. [PMID: 34133916 PMCID: PMC8220254 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical GABAergic interneurons are generated in large numbers in the ganglionic eminences and migrate into the cerebral cortex during embryogenesis. At early postnatal stages, during neuronal circuit maturation, autonomous and activity-dependent mechanisms operate within the cortex to adjust cell numbers by eliminating naturally occurring neuron excess. Here, we show that when cortical interneurons are generated in aberrantly high numbers-due to a defect in precursor cell proliferation during embryogenesis-extra parvalbumin interneurons persist in the postnatal mouse cortex during critical periods of cortical network maturation. Even though cell numbers are subsequently normalized, behavioral abnormalities remain in adulthood. This suggests that timely clearance of excess cortical interneurons is critical for correct functional maturation of circuits that drive adult behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Magno
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Zeinab Asgarian
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Valentina Pendolino
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Theodora Velona
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Albert Mackintosh
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Flora Lee
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Agata Stryjewska
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Celine Zimmer
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Mark Farrant
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Beverley Clark
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nicoletta Kessaris
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prata DP, Costa-Neves B, Cosme G, Vassos E. Unravelling the genetic basis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with GWAS: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 114:178-207. [PMID: 31096178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review findings of GWAS in schizophrenia (SZ) and in bipolar disorder (BD); and to interpret findings, with a focus on identifying independent replications. METHOD PubMed search, selection and review of all independent GWAS in SZ or BD, published since March 2011, i.e. studies using non-overlapping samples within each article, between articles, and with those of the previous review (Li et al., 2012). RESULTS From the 22 GWAS included in this review, the genetic associations surviving standard GWAS-significance were for genetic markers in the regions of ACSL3/KCNE4, ADCY2, AMBRA1, ANK3, BRP44, DTL, FBLN1, HHAT, INTS7, LOC392301, LOC645434/NMBR, LOC729457, LRRFIP1, LSM1, MDM1, MHC, MIR2113/POU3F2, NDST3, NKAPL, ODZ4, PGBD1, RENBP, TRANK1, TSPAN18, TWIST2, UGT1A1/HJURP, WHSC1L1/FGFR1 and ZKSCAN4. All genes implicated across both reviews are discussed in terms of their function and implication in neuropsychiatry. CONCLUSION Taking all GWAS to date into account, AMBRA1, ANK3, ARNTL, CDH13, EFHD1 (albeit with different alleles), MHC, PLXNA2 and UGT1A1 have been implicated in either disorder in at least two reportedly non-overlapping samples. Additionally, evidence for a SZ/BD common genetic basis is most strongly supported by the implication of ANK3, NDST3, and PLXNA2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana P Prata
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK; Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Bernardo Costa-Neves
- Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Av. do Brasil, 53 1749-002, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Cosme
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun Y, Ye D, Li Y, Chen E, Hao R, Cai Y, Wang Q, Wang O, Zhang X. CUX2 functions as an oncogene in papillary thyroid cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 12:217-224. [PMID: 30636884 PMCID: PMC6309779 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s185710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC), the most common endocrine malignancy, has been increasing. Emerging evidence indicates that the CUT/CUX/CDP family of proteins can play an important role in tumor development and progression by regulating many cancer-related functions. However, the molecular functions of CUX2 in TC remain unknown. METHODS In this study, we used a series of loss-of-function experiments and Western blot analysis to investigate the function of CUX2 in TC and the mechanisms involved. RESULTS Our data revealed that CUX2 expression levels were upregulated in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Functionally, CUX2 silencing significantly inhibited PTC cell line (KTC-1 and BCPAP) proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Furthermore, CUX2 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and influenced the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR in the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways. CONCLUSION In summary, CUX2 may function as a tumor promoter in TC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Sun
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China,
| | - Danrong Ye
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China,
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China,
| | - Endong Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China,
| | - Rutian Hao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China,
| | - Yefeng Cai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China,
| | - Qingxuan Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China,
| | - Ouchen Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China,
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 32500, China,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Cux1 and Cux2 are the vertebrate members of a family of homeodomain transcription factors (TF) containing Cut repeat DNA-binding sequences. Perturbation of their expression has been implicated in a wide variety of diseases and disorders, ranging from cancer to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Within the nervous system, both genes are expressed during neurogenesis and in specific neuronal subpopulations. Their role during development and circuit specification is discussed here, with a particular focus on the cortex where their restricted expression in pyramidal neurons of the upper layers appears to be responsible for many of the specialized functions of these cells, and where their functions have been extensively investigated. Finally, we discuss how Cux TF represent a promising avenue for manipulating neuronal function and for reprogramming.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sprooten E, Gupta CN, Knowles EEM, McKay DR, Mathias SR, Curran JE, Kent JW, Carless MA, Almeida MA, Dyer TD, Göring HHH, Olvera RL, Kochunov P, Fox PT, Duggirala R, Almasy L, Calhoun VD, Blangero J, Turner JA, Glahn DC. Genome-wide significant linkage of schizophrenia-related neuroanatomical trait to 12q24. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168:678-86. [PMID: 26440917 PMCID: PMC4639444 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The insula and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) share functional, histological, transcriptional, and developmental characteristics, and they serve higher cognitive functions of theoretical relevance to schizophrenia and related disorders. Meta-analyses and multivariate analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans indicate that gray matter density and volume reductions in schizophrenia are the most consistent and pronounced in a network primarily composed of the insula and mPFC. We used source-based morphometry, a multivariate technique optimized for structural MRI, in a large sample of randomly ascertained pedigrees (N = 887) to derive an insula-mPFC component and to investigate its genetic determinants. Firstly, we replicated the insula-mPFC gray matter component as an independent source of gray matter variation in the general population, and verified its relevance to schizophrenia in an independent case-control sample. Secondly, we showed that the neuroanatomical variation defined by this component is largely determined by additive genetic variation (h(2) = 0.59), and genome-wide linkage analysis resulted in a significant linkage peak at 12q24 (LOD = 3.76). This region has been of significant interest to psychiatric genetics as it contains the Darier's disease locus and other proposed susceptibility genes (e.g., DAO, NOS1), and it has been linked to affective disorders and schizophrenia in multiple populations. Thus, in conjunction with previous clinical studies, our data imply that one or more psychiatric risk variants at 12q24 are co-inherited with reductions in mPFC and insula gray matter concentration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT
| | | | - Emma EM Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT
| | - D Reese McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT
| | - Samuel R Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Jack W Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Melanie A Carless
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Marcio A Almeida
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Thomas D Dyer
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Harald HH Göring
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
,The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
,Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Jessica A Turner
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM
,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
,Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, CT
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wolstenholme JT, Rissman EF, Bekiranov S. Sexual differentiation in the developing mouse brain: contributions of sex chromosome genes. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 12:166-80. [PMID: 23210685 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neural sexual differentiation begins during embryogenesis and continues after birth for a variable amount of time depending on the species and brain region. Because gonadal hormones were the first factors identified in neural sexual differentiation, their role in this process has eclipsed investigation of other factors. Here, we use a mouse with a spontaneous translocation that produces four different unique sets of sex chromosomes. Each genotype has one normal X-chromosome and a unique second sex chromosome creating the following genotypes: XY(*x) , XX, XY(*) , XX(Y) (*) . This Y(*) mouse line is used by several laboratories to study two human aneuploid conditions: Turner and Klinefelter syndromes. As sex chromosome number affects behavior and brain morphology, we surveyed brain gene expression at embryonic days 11.5 and 18.5 to isolate X-chromosome dose effects in the developing brain as possible mechanistic changes underlying the phenotypes. We compared gene expression differences between gonadal males and females as well as individuals with one vs. two X-chromosomes. We present data showing, in addition to genes reported to escape X-inactivation, a number of autosomal genes are differentially expressed between the sexes and in mice with different numbers of X-chromosomes. Based on our results, we can now identify the genes present in the region around the chromosomal break point that produces the Y(*) model. Our results also indicate an interaction between gonadal development and sex chromosome number that could further elucidate the role of sex chromosome genes and hormones in the sexual differentiation of behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Wolstenholme
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Possible association of CUX1 gene polymorphisms with antidepressant response in major depressive disorder. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2012; 13:354-8. [PMID: 22584459 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2012.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Association between response to antidepressant treatment and genetic polymorphisms was examined in two independent Japanese samples of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Genome-wide approach using the Illumina Human CNV370-quad Bead Chip was utilized in the analysis of the 92 MDD patients in the first sample. In all, 11 non-intergenic single-nucleotide polymorphisms with uncorrected allelic P-value <0.0001 were selected for the subsequent association analyses in the second sample of 136 MDD patients. Difference in allele distribution between responders and nonresponders were found in the second-stage sample for rs365836 and rs201522 of the CUX1 gene (P=0.005 and 0.004, respectively). The allelic P-values for rs365836 and rs201522 in both samples combined were 0.0000023 and 0.0000040, respectively. Our results provide the first evidence that polymorphisms of the CUX1 gene may be associated with response to antidepressant treatment in Japanese patients with MDD.
Collapse
|
11
|
Baik I, Cho NH, Kim SH, Han BG, Shin C. Genome-wide association studies identify genetic loci related to alcohol consumption in Korean men. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93:809-16. [PMID: 21270382 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.001776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association (GWA) studies regarding the quantitative trait of alcohol consumption are limited. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to explore genetic loci associated with the amount of alcohol consumed. DESIGN We conducted a GWA study with discovery data on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 1721 Korean male drinkers aged 40-69 y who were included in an urban population-based cohort. Another sample that comprised 1113 male drinkers who were from an independent cohort enrolled in a rural area served as a resource for replication. At baseline (18 June 2001 through 29 January 2003), members of both cohorts provided information on average daily alcohol consumptions, and their DNA samples were collected for genotyping. RESULTS We tested 315,914 SNPs of discovery data by using multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for age and smoking, and 12 SNPs on chromosome 12q24 had genome-wide significant associations with alcohol consumption; adjusted P values by using Bonferroni correction were 1.6 × 10(-5) through 5.8 × 10(-46). We observed most SNPs in intronic regions and showed that the genes that harbor SNPs were C12orf51, CCDC63, MYL2, OAS3, CUX2, and RPH3A. In particular, signals in or near C12orf51, CCDC63, and MYL2 were successfully replicated in the test for 317,951 SNPs; rs2074356 in C12orf51 was in high linkage disequilibrium with SNPs in ALDH2, but other SNPs were not. CONCLUSIONS In a GWA study, we identified loci and alleles highly associated with alcohol consumption. The findings suggest the need for further investigations on the genetic propensity for drinking excessive amounts of alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inkyung Baik
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yosifova A, Mushiroda T, Stoianov D, Vazharova R, Dimova I, Karachanak S, Zaharieva I, Milanova V, Madjirova N, Gerdjikov I, Tolev T, Velkova S, Kirov G, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC, Toncheva D, Nakamura Y. Case-control association study of 65 candidate genes revealed a possible association of a SNP of HTR5A to be a factor susceptible to bipolar disease in Bulgarian population. J Affect Disord 2009; 117:87-97. [PMID: 19328558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar affective disorder (BAD) is a psychiatric illness characterized by episodes of mania and depression. Although the etiology is not clear, epidemiological studies suggest it is a result of an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Despite of enormous efforts and abundant studies conducted, none has yet been identified definitively a gene susceptible to bipolar disorder. METHODS Ninety-four Bulgarian patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and 184 Bulgarian healthy individuals, were used for genotyping of 191 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by TaqMan and/or Invader assays. Seventeen SNPs that revealed P value less than 0.05 in the first screening were genotyped using an additional independent set of samples, consisting of 78 BAD cases and 372 controls. RESULTS After applying the Bonferonni correction on genotyping results of 172 cases and 556 controls, only one SNP, rs1800883, in the HTR5A gene revealed a significant level of P value (P=0.000097; odds ratio=1.80 (95%CI, 1.27-2.54); corrected P=0.017). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that HTR5A gene could play an important role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder in our population. However these findings should be viewed with caution and replication studies in other populations are necessary in support of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Yosifova
- Laboratory for International Alliance, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
McQuillin A, Bass NJ, Choudhury K, Puri V, Kosmin M, Lawrence J, Curtis D, Gurling HMD. Case-control studies show that a non-conservative amino-acid change from a glutamine to arginine in the P2RX7 purinergic receptor protein is associated with both bipolar- and unipolar-affective disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2009; 14:614-20. [PMID: 18268501 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three linkage studies of bipolar disorder have implicated chromosome 12q24.3 with lod scores of over 3.0 and several other linkage studies have found lods between 2 and 3. Fine mapping within the original chromosomal linkage regions has identified several loci that show association with bipolar disorder. One of these is the P2RX7 gene encoding a central nervous system-expressed purinergic receptor. A non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism, rs2230912 (P2RX7-E13A, G allele) and a microsatellite marker NBG6 were both previously found to be associated with bipolar disorder (P=0.00071 and 0.008, respectively). rs2230912 has also been found to show association with unipolar depression. The effect of the polymorphism is non-conservative and results in a glutamine to arginine change (Gln460Arg), which is likely to affect P2RX7 dimerization and protein-protein interactions. We have confirmed the allelic associations between bipolar disorder and the markers rs2230912 (P2RX7-E13A, G allele, P=0.043) and NBG6 (P=0.010) in a London-based sample of 604 bipolar cases and 560 controls. When we combined these data with the published case-control studies of P2RX7 and mood disorder (3586 individuals) the association between rs2230912 (Gln460Arg) and affective disorders became more robust (P=0.002). The increase in Gln460Arg was confined to heterozygotes rather than homozygotes suggesting a dominant effect (odds ratio 1.302, CI=1.129-1.503). Although further research is needed to prove that the Gln460Arg change has an aetiological role, it is so far the most convincing mutation to have been found with a role for increasing susceptibility to bipolar and genetically related unipolar disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Mental Health Sciences, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ivleva E, Thaker G, Tamminga CA. Comparing genes and phenomenology in the major psychoses: schizophrenia and bipolar 1 disorder. Schizophr Bull 2008; 34:734-42. [PMID: 18515820 PMCID: PMC2632452 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbn051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ivleva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Gunvant Thaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Carol A. Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5352 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 214-645-2789; fax: 214-645-2786, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Harvey M, Belleau P, Barden N. Gene interactions in depression: pathways out of darkness. Trends Genet 2007; 23:547-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Newton JR. Linked gene ontology categories are novel and differ from associated gene ontology categories for the bipolar disorders. Psychiatr Genet 2007; 17:29-34. [PMID: 17167342 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e328010f28c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Family, and twin genetic studies strongly indicate gene variants as predisposing to the bipolar disorders. Now, about 3000 genes are genetically linked and about 44 genes are genetically associated. Rank differences, however, exist between the linked gene Genetic ontology categories and the associated gene Genetic ontology categories. For the linked gene Genetic ontology categories, the activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase category is over-represented; in contrast, the associated genes show the Synaptic transmission category as over-represented. Association studies report selecting positional candidate genes from previous linkage studies, or, selecting genes on the basis of pathophysiologic hypotheses. Only a few of the pathophysiologic hypotheses genes, however, had been previously linked to the bipolar disorders. In particular, only a couple of the Synaptic transmission genes had been previously linked to bipolar disorders.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
In this review, all papers relevant to the molecular genetics of bipolar disorder published from 2004 to the present (mid 2006) are reviewed, and major results on depression are summarized. Several candidate genes for schizophrenia may also be associated with bipolar disorder: G72, DISC1, NRG1, RGS4, NCAM1, DAO, GRM3, GRM4, GRIN2B, MLC1, SYNGR1, and SLC12A6. Of these, association with G72 may be most robust. However, G72 haplotypes and polymorphisms associated with bipolar disorder are not consistent with each other. The positional candidate approach showed an association between bipolar disorder and TRPM2 (21q22.3), GPR50 (Xq28), Citron (12q24), CHMP1.5 (18p11.2), GCHI (14q22-24), MLC1 (22q13), GABRA5 (15q11-q13), BCR (22q11), CUX2, FLJ32356 (12q23-q24), and NAPG (18p11). Studies that focused on mood disorder comorbid with somatic symptoms, suggested roles for the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 3644 mutation and the POLG mutation. From gene expression analysis, PDLIM5, somatostatin, and the mtDNA 3243 mutation were found to be related to bipolar disorder. Whereas most previous positive findings were not supported by subsequent studies, DRD1 and IMPA2 have been implicated in follow-up studies. Several candidate genes in the circadian rhythm pathway, BmaL1, TIMELESS, and PERIOD3, are reported to be associated with bipolar disorder. Linkage studies show many new linkage loci. In depression, the previously reported positive finding of a gene-environmental interaction between HTTLPR (insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter of a serotonin transporter) and stress was not replicated. Although the role of the TPH2 mutation in depression had drawn attention previously, this has not been replicated either. Pharmacogenetic studies show a relationship between antidepressant response and HTR2A or FKBP5. New technologies for comprehensive genomic analysis have already been applied. HTTLPR and BDNF promoter polymorphisms are now found to be more complex than previously thought, and previous papers on these polymorphisms should be treated with caution. Finally, this report addresses some possible causes for the lack of replication in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dikeos DG, Papadimitriou GN, Souery D, Del-Favero J, Massat I, Blackwood D, Cichon S, Daskalopoulou E, Ivezic S, Kaneva R, Karadima G, Lorenzi C, Milanova V, Muir W, Nöthen M, Oruc L, Rietschel M, Serretti A, Van Broeckhoven C, Soldatos CR, Stefanis CN, Mendlewicz J. Lack of genetic association between the phospholipase A2 gene and bipolar mood disorder in a European multicentre case-control study. Psychiatr Genet 2006; 16:169-71. [PMID: 16829784 DOI: 10.1097/01.ypg.0000218615.19892.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The possible association between phospholipase A2 gene and bipolar mood disorder was examined in 557 bipolar patients and 725 controls (all personally interviewed), recruited from seven countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Greece, Italy, and UK). The frequencies of the eight alleles that were identified did not differ between patients and control individuals in the whole population, while the power to detect an association based on our sample was relatively high. Some differences were noted among the various ethnic groups, but no significant trends existed, suggesting that population stratification by country may not be responsible for a type II error. On the basis of these results, mutations of the phospholipase A2 gene, at least in the region close to the polymorphism examined between exons 1 and 2, are not involved in the pathogenesis of bipolar mood disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris G Dikeos
- Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School and University Mental Health Research Institute, Greece, and Department of Psychiatry, University Clinics of Brussels, Erasme Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barden N, Harvey M, Gagné B, Shink E, Tremblay M, Raymond C, Labbé M, Villeneuve A, Rochette D, Bordeleau L, Stadler H, Holsboer F, Müller-Myhsok B. Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes in the chromosome 12Q24.31 region points to P2RX7 as a susceptibility gene to bipolar affective disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2006; 141B:374-82. [PMID: 16673375 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous results from our genetic analyses using pedigrees from a French Canadian population suggested that the interval delimited by markers on chromosome 12, D12S86 and D12S378, was the most probable genomic region to contain a susceptibility gene for affective disorders. Association studies with microsatellite markers using a case/control sample from the same population (n = 427) revealed significant allelic associations between the bipolar phenotype and marker NBG6. Since this marker is located in intron 9 of the P2RX7 gene, we analyzed the surrounding genomic region for the presence of polymorphisms in regulatory, coding and intron/exon junction sequences. Twenty four (24) SNPs were genotyped in a case/control sample and 12 SNPs in all pedigrees used for linkage analysis. Allelic, genotypic or family-based association studies suggest the presence of two susceptibility loci, the P2RX7 and CaMKK2 genes. The strongest association was observed in bipolar families at the non-synonymous SNP P2RX7-E13A (rs2230912, P-value = 0.000708), which results from an over-transmission of the mutant G-allele to affected offspring. This Gln460Arg polymorphism occurs at an amino acid that is conserved between humans and rodents and is located in the C-terminal domain of the P2X7 receptor, known to be essential for normal P2RX7 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Barden
- Neuroscience, CHUL Research Centre and Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Boomsma DI, Cacioppo JT, Slagboom PE, Posthuma D. Genetic Linkage and Association Analysis for Loneliness in Dutch Twin and Sibling Pairs Points to a Region on Chromosome 12q23–24. Behav Genet 2005; 36:137-46. [PMID: 16378171 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-005-9005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We obtained evidence from a large study in Dutch twins (N=8,387) and siblings (N=2,295) that variation in loneliness has a genetic component. The heritability estimate for loneliness, which was assessed as an ordinal trait, was 40% and did not differ between males and females. There were 682 sibling pairs with genotypic (around 400 microsatellite markers) data. We combined phenotypic and genotypic data to carry out a genome scan to localize QTLs for loneliness. One region on chromosome 12q23.3-24.3, showed near suggestive linkage. Genetic association tests within this region revealed significant association (p-value 0.009) with one of the alleles of marker D12S79 and with one of the alleles of neighbouring marker D12S395 (p-value 0.043). We review evidence for linkage in this region for psychiatric disorders and discuss our findings within this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Glaser B, Kirov G, Bray NJ, Green E, O'Donovan MC, Craddock N, Owen MJ. Identification of a potential bipolar risk haplotype in the gene encoding the winged-helix transcription factor RFX4. Mol Psychiatry 2005; 10:920-7. [PMID: 15940297 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the transcription factor RFX4 represents an excellent neurobiological and positional candidate gene for Bipolar disorder due to the potential involvement of RFX4 proteins in the regulation of circadian rhythms and the proximity of the locus to numerous linkage signals on chromosome 12q23. In this study we have sought to identify common variants within the gene, which might confer risk to the disease in our large UK Caucasian sample of Bipolar patients (676 DSMIV Bipolar I probands, 690 controls). RFX4 was screened for sequence variants and the LD block structure across the genomic region determined using 22 biallelic polymorphisms (minor allele frequency >or=0.1). Through analysis of 10 haplotype-tagging markers and using a two-stage approach (subset I: 347 cases, 374 controls; subset II: 329 cases, 316 controls), we identified a haplotype at rs10778502 and ss24735177, which showed nominally significant disease association in our full sample (haplotype-specific P=0.002, global P=0.017; subset I: haplotype-specific P=0.0002, global P=0.0008; subset II: haplotype-specific P=0.572, global P=0.109). Evidence for potential disease association with mutations across the RFX4 region came also from the analysis of the nearby microsatellite D12S2072 (empirical P=0.009 in our full sample). Investigation of RFX4 brain cDNA tagged by rs10778502 provided evidence for significant allelic differences in expression (P<0.001), where some of the variance was accounted for by the genotype at ss24735177. Our findings thus indicate the potential functional relevance of the associated haplotype and now require replication in independent samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Glaser
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|