1
|
Shao J, Zhang X, Cheng H, Yue X, Zou W, Kang L. Serotonergic neuron ADF modulates avoidance behaviors by inhibiting sensory neurons in C. elegans. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:357-363. [PMID: 30206705 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin plays an essential role in both the invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. ADF, an amphid neuron with dual ciliated sensory endings, is considered to be the only serotonergic sensory neuron in the hermaphroditic Caenorhabditis elegans. This neuron is known to be involved in a range of behaviors including pharyngeal pumping, dauer formation, sensory transduction, and memory. However, whether ADF neuron is directly activated by environmental cues and how it processes these information remains unknown. In this study, we found that ADF neuron responds reliably to noxious stimuli such as repulsive odors, copper, sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), and mechanical perturbation. This response is mediated by cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous mechanisms. Furthermore, we show that ADF can modulate avoidance behaviors by inhibiting ASH, an amphid neuron with single ciliated ending. This work greatly furthers our understanding of 5-HT's contributions to sensory information perception, processing, and the resulting behavioral responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Shao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hankui Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Yue
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Zou
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijun Kang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu Hang Tang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Apryatin SA, Shipelin VA, Sidorova YS, Petrov NA, Gmoshinskii IV, Nikityuk DB. Interspecific Differences in Behavioral Responses and Neuromotorics between Laboratory Rodents Receiving Rations with Easily Digested Carbohydrates. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 165:5-9. [PMID: 29797123 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the effect of intake of easily digested carbohydrates for 133 days on quantitative parameters of neuromotorics and cognitive function in Wistar rats and C57Bl/6J mice. Neuromotorics (muscle tone) was assessed in rats and mice by the forelimb muscle force (grip strength) over 4 months. Anxiety was assessed in the elevated plus-maze test and cognitive function (short-term and long-term memory) was evaluated by conditioned passive avoidance response (CPAR) test over 3 months. The mice, in contrast to rats, receiving the diet with easily digested sugars demonstrated suppression of neuromotorics. Anxiety increased with age in female mice, but not in rats, irrespective of the diet. Cognitive function in rats receiving experimental rations did not change significantly in comparison with the control. In mice, consumption of equimolar mixture of fructose and glucose impared short-term, but not long-term memory, in comparison with the group receiving glucose alone. We revealed a small (by 14-17%), but statistically significant increase in the brain weight in mice receiving fructose and sucrose. The study demonstrates sufficient interspecies differences in the influence of carbohydrate rations on neuromotorics and behavioral responses in the in vivo metabolic syndrome model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Apryatin
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Shipelin
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yu S Sidorova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Petrov
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Gmoshinskii
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - D B Nikityuk
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suo S, Ishiura S. Dopamine modulates acetylcholine release via octopamine and CREB signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72578. [PMID: 23977320 PMCID: PMC3745381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals change their behavior and metabolism in response to external stimuli. cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) is a signal-activated transcription factor that enables the coupling of extracellular signals and gene expression to induce adaptive changes. Biogenic amine neurotransmitters regulate CREB and such regulation is important for long-term changes in various nervous system functions, including learning and drug addiction. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the amine neurotransmitter octopamine activates a CREB homolog, CRH-1, in cholinergic SIA neurons, whereas dopamine suppresses CREB activation by inhibiting octopamine signaling in response to food stimuli. However, the physiological role of this activation is unknown. In this study, the effect of dopamine, octopamine, and CREB on acetylcholine signaling was analyzed using the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor aldicarb. Mutants with decreased dopamine signaling exhibited reduced acetylcholine signaling, and octopamine and CREB functioned downstream of dopamine in this regulation. This study demonstrates that the regulation of CREB by amine neurotransmitters modulates acetylcholine release from the neurons of C. elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Suo
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martini C, Da Pozzo E, Carmassi C, Cuboni S, Trincavelli ML, Massimetti G, Marazziti D, Dell'Osso L. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding protein in post-traumatic stress disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2013; 14:396-402. [PMID: 21696331 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2011.577189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding (CREB) protein is a transcription factor involved in different neural processes, such as learning, neuroplasticity and the modulation of stress response. Alterations in the CREB pathway have been observed in the brains and lymphocytes of patients affected by depression and alcohol abuse. Given the lack of information, our study aimed at investigating the levels of total and activated CREB protein in lympho-monocytes of 20 drug-free patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), as compared with 20 healthy control subjects. METHODS Blood samples were collected from patients and healthy control subjects on the same time and lympho-monocytes were isolated according to standardized methods. CREB protein levels and activation were measured by means of immunoenzymatic techniques. RESULTS The results showed that PTSD patients had statistically lower levels of total CREB protein in lympho-monocytes than healthy control subjects. On the contrary, no difference in the activated CREB protein was detected. CONCLUSIONS These findings, albeit preliminary, would suggest that the CREB pathway might be involved in the pathophysiology of PTSD. Future studies should clarify if specific PTSD symptom clusters might be related to the CREB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Martini
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Damen R, Haugen M, Svejda B, Alaimo D, Brenna O, Pfragner R, Gustafsson BI, Kidd M. The stimulatory adenosine receptor ADORA2B regulates serotonin (5-HT) synthesis and release in oxygen-depleted EC cells in inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62607. [PMID: 23638125 PMCID: PMC3637445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We recently demonstrated that hypoxia, a key feature of IBD, increases enterochromaffin (EC) cell 5-HT secretion, which is also physiologically regulated by the ADORA2B mechanoreceptor. Since hypoxia is associated with increased extracellular adenosine, we wanted to examine whether this nucleotide amplifies HIF-1α-mediated 5-HT secretion. DESIGN The effects of hypoxia were studied on IBD mucosa, isolated IBD-EC cells, isolated normal EC cells and the EC cell tumor derived cell line KRJ-1. Hypoxia (0.5% O2) was compared to NECA (adenosine agonist), MRS1754 (ADORA2B receptor antagonist) and SCH442146 (ADORA2A antagonist) on HIF signaling and 5-HT secretion. Antisense approaches were used to mechanistically evaluate EC cells in vitro. PCR and western blot were used to analyze transcript and protein levels of HIF-1α signaling and neuroendocrine cell function. An animal model of colitis was evaluated to confirm hypoxia:adenosine signaling in vivo. RESULTS HIF-1α is upregulated in IBD mucosa and IBD-EC cells, the majority (~90%) of which express an activated phenotype in situ. Hypoxia stimulated 5-HT release maximally at 30 mins, an effect amplified by NECA and selectively inhibited by MRS1754, through phosphorylation of TPH-1 and activation of VMAT-1. Transient transfection with Renilla luciferase under hypoxia transcriptional response element (HRE) control identified that ADORA2B activated HIF-1α signaling under hypoxic conditions. Additional signaling pathways associated with hypoxia:adenosine included MAP kinase and CREB. Antisense approaches mechanistically confirmed that ADORA2B signaling was linked to these pathways and 5-HT release under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia:adenosine activation which could be reversed by 5'-ASA treatment was confirmed in a TNBS-model. CONCLUSION Hypoxia induced 5-HT synthesis and secretion is amplified by ADORA2B signaling via MAPK/CREB and TPH-1 activation. Targeting ADORA2s may decrease EC cell 5-HT production and secretion in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Damen
- Gastrointestinal Pathobiology Research Group, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Martin Haugen
- Gastrointestinal Pathobiology Research Group, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Bernhard Svejda
- Gastrointestinal Pathobiology Research Group, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Daniele Alaimo
- Gastrointestinal Pathobiology Research Group, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Oystein Brenna
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Roswitha Pfragner
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Bjorn I. Gustafsson
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mark Kidd
- Gastrointestinal Pathobiology Research Group, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chin A, Svejda B, Gustafsson BI, Granlund AB, Sandvik AK, Timberlake A, Sumpio B, Pfragner R, Modlin IM, Kidd M. The role of mechanical forces and adenosine in the regulation of intestinal enterochromaffin cell serotonin secretion. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302:G397-405. [PMID: 22038827 PMCID: PMC3287403 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00087.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Enterochromaffin (EC) cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine cell system secrete serotonin (5-HT) with activation of gut motility, secretion, and pain. These cells express adenosine (ADORA) receptors and are considered to function as mechanosensors. Physiological pathways mediating mechanosensitivity and adenosine responsiveness remain to be fully elucidated, as do their roles in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and neoplasia. Pure (98-99%) FACS-sorted normal and IBD human EC cells and neoplastic EC cells (KRJ-I) were studied. IBD-EC cells and KRJ-I overexpressed ADORA2B. NECA, a general ADORA receptor agonist, stimulated, whereas the A2B receptor antagonist MRS1754 inhibited, 5-HT release (EC50 = 1.8 × 10-6 M; IC50 = 3.7 × 10-8 M), which was associated with corresponding alterations in intracellular cAMP levels and pCREB (Ser133). Mechanical stimulation using a rhythmic flex model induced transcription and activation of Tph1 (tryptophan hydroxylase) and VMAT₁ (vesicular monoamine transporter 1) and the release of 5-HT, which could be inhibited by MRS1754 and amplified by NECA. Secretion was also inhibited by H-89 (PKA inhibitor) while Tph1 and VMAT₁ transcription was regulated by PKA/MAPK and PI₃K-mediated signaling. Normal and IBD-EC cells also responded to NECA and mechanical stimulation with PKA activation, cAMP production, and 5-HT release, effects reversible by MRS1754. EC cells express stimulatory ADORA2B, and rhythmic stretch induces A2B activation, PKA/MAPK/IP3-dependent transcription, and PKA-dependent secretion of 5-HT synthesis and secretion. Receptor expression is amplified in IBD and neoplasia, and 5-HT release is increased. Determination of factors that regulate EC cell function are necessary for understanding its role as a mechanosensory cell and to facilitate the development of agents that can selectively target cell function in EC cell-associated disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Chin
- 1Gastrointestinal Surgery, and
| | | | - B. I. Gustafsson
- 3Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; ,4Department of Gastroenterology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; and
| | - A. B. Granlund
- 3Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim;
| | - A. K. Sandvik
- 3Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; ,4Department of Gastroenterology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; and
| | | | - B. Sumpio
- 2Vascular Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;
| | - R. Pfragner
- 5Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - M. Kidd
- 1Gastrointestinal Surgery, and
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Karmacharya R, Lynn SK, Demarco S, Ortiz A, Wang X, Lundy MY, Xie Z, Cohen BM, Miller GM, Buttner EA. Behavioral effects of clozapine: involvement of trace amine pathways in C. elegans and M. musculus. Brain Res 2011; 1393:91-9. [PMID: 21529784 PMCID: PMC3107707 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine is an antipsychotic medication with superior efficacy in treatment refractory schizophrenia. The molecular basis of clozapine's therapeutic profile is not well understood. We studied behavioral effects of clozapine in Caenorhabditis elegans to identify novel pathways that modulate clozapine's biological effects. Clozapine stimulated egg laying in C. elegans in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was clozapine-specific, as it was not observed with exposure to a typical antipsychotic, haloperidol or an atypical antipsychotic, olanzapine. A candidate gene screen of biogenic amine neurotransmitter systems identified signaling pathways that mediate this clozapine-specific effect on egg laying. Specifically, we found that clozapine-induced increase in egg laying requires tyramine biosynthesis. To test the implications of this finding across species, we explored whether trace amine systems modulate clozapine's behavioral effects in mammals by studying trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) knockout mice. Clozapine increased prepulse inhibition (PPI) in wild-type mice. This increase in PPI was abrogated in TAAR1 knockout mice, implicating TAAR1 in clozapine-induced PPI enhancement. In transfected mammalian cell lines, we found no TAAR activation by antipsychotics, suggesting that modulation of trace amine signaling in mice does not occur directly at the receptor itself. In summary, we report a heretofore-unknown role for trace amine systems in clozapine-mediated effects across two species: C. elegans and mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Karmacharya
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Mailman Research Center and Frazier Research Institute, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Spencer K. Lynn
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Mailman Research Center and Frazier Research Institute, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA
| | - Sarah Demarco
- Mailman Research Center and Frazier Research Institute, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Angelica Ortiz
- Mailman Research Center and Frazier Research Institute, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Mailman Research Center and Frazier Research Institute, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Miriam Y. Lundy
- Mailman Research Center and Frazier Research Institute, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Zhihua Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772 USA
| | - Bruce M. Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Mailman Research Center and Frazier Research Institute, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Gregory M. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Neuroscience, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772 USA
| | - Edgar A. Buttner
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Mailman Research Center and Frazier Research Institute, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Desalermos A, Muhammed M, Glavis-Bloom J, Mylonakis E. Using C. elegans for antimicrobial drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:645-652. [PMID: 21686092 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.573781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The number of microorganism strains with resistance to known antimicrobials is increasing. Therefore, there is a high demand for new, non-toxic and efficient antimicrobial agents. Research with the microscopic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can address this high demand for the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds. In particular, C. elegans can be used as a model host for in vivo drug discovery through high-throughput screens of chemical libraries. AREAS COVERED: This review introduces the use of substitute model hosts and especially C. elegans in the study of microbial pathogenesis. The authors also highlight recently published literature on the role of C. elegans in drug discovery and outline its use as a promising host with unique advantages in the discovery of new antimicrobial drugs. EXPERT OPINION: C. elegans can be used, as a model host, to research many diseases, including fungal infections and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, high-throughput techniques, for screening chemical libraries, can also be facilitated. Nevertheless, C. elegans and mammals have significant differences that both limit the use of the nematode in research and the degree by which results can be interpreted. That being said, the use of C. elegans in drug discovery still holds promise and the field continues to grow, with attempts to improve the methodology already underway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Desalermos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
While the research community has accepted the value of rodent models as informative research platforms, there is less awareness of the utility of other small vertebrate and invertebrate animal models. Neuroscience is increasingly turning to smaller, non-rodent models to understand mechanisms related to neuropsychiatric disorders. Although they can never replace clinical research, there is much to be learnt from 'small brains'. In particular, these species can offer flexible genetic 'tool kits' that can be used to explore the expression and function of candidate genes in different brain regions. Very small animals also offer efficiencies with respect to high-throughput screening programs. This review provides a concise overview of the utility of models based on worm, fruit fly, honeybee and zebrafish. Although these species may have small brains, they offer the neuropsychiatric research community opportunities to explore some of the most important research questions in our field.
Collapse
|