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Watkins LR, Orlandi C. Orphan G Protein Coupled Receptors in Affective Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E694. [PMID: 32599826 PMCID: PMC7349732 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the main mediators of signal transduction in the central nervous system. Therefore, it is not surprising that many GPCRs have long been investigated for their role in the development of anxiety and mood disorders, as well as in the mechanism of action of antidepressant therapies. Importantly, the endogenous ligands for a large group of GPCRs have not yet been identified and are therefore known as orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs). Nonetheless, growing evidence from animal studies, together with genome wide association studies (GWAS) and post-mortem transcriptomic analysis in patients, pointed at many oGPCRs as potential pharmacological targets. Among these discoveries, we summarize in this review how emotional behaviors are modulated by the following oGPCRs: ADGRB2 (BAI2), ADGRG1 (GPR56), GPR3, GPR26, GPR37, GPR50, GPR52, GPR61, GPR62, GPR88, GPR135, GPR158, and GPRC5B.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesare Orlandi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
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Allen JD, Bishop JR. A systematic review of genome-wide association studies of antipsychotic response. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:291-306. [PMID: 30883267 PMCID: PMC6563266 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical symptom response to antipsychotic medications is highly variable. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a 'hypothesis-free' method of interrogating the genome for biomarkers of antipsychotic response. We performed a systematic review of GWAS findings for antipsychotic efficacy or effectiveness. 14 studies met our inclusion criteria, ten of which examined antipsychotic response using quantitative rating scales to measure symptom improvement. 15 genome-wide significant loci were identified, seven of which were replicated in other antipsychotic GWAS publications: CNTNAP5, GRID2, GRM7, 8q24 (KCNK9), PCDH7, SLC1A1 and TNIK. Notably, four replicated loci are involved in glutamatergic pathways. Additional validation and evaluation of the biological significance of these markers is warranted. These markers should also be evaluated for clinical utility, especially in the context of other validated pharmacogenomic variants (e.g., CYP450 genes). These findings may generate new avenues for development of novel antipsychotic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah D Allen
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Medigenics Consulting LLC, Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Bishop
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Ye N, Li B, Mao Q, Wold EA, Tian S, Allen JA, Zhou J. Orphan Receptor GPR88 as an Emerging Neurotherapeutic Target. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:190-200. [PMID: 30540906 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are recognized as pivotal drug targets involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, the majority of GPCRs including orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs) are unexploited. GPR88, a brain-specific oGPCR with particularly robust expression in the striatum, regulates diverse brain and behavioral functions, including cognition, mood, movement control, and reward-based learning, and is thus emerging as a novel drug target for central nervous system disorders including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, anxiety, and addiction. Nevertheless, no effective GPR88 synthetic ligands have yet entered into clinical trials, and GPR88 endogenous ligands remain unknown. Despite the recent discovery and early stage study of several GPR88 agonists, such as 2-PCCA, RTI-13951-33, and phenylglycinol derivatives, further research into GPR88 pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and chemical biology is urgently needed to yield structurally diversified GPR88-specific ligands. Drug-like pharmacological tool function and relevant signaling elucidation will also accelerate the evaluation of this receptor as a viable neurotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Bang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qi Mao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Eric A. Wold
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Sheng Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - John A. Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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Bocchetta A, Traccis F. The Sardinian Puzzle: Concentration of Major Psychoses and Suicide in the Same Sub-Regions Across One Century. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2017; 13:246-254. [PMID: 29299047 PMCID: PMC5725527 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901713010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sardinia, the second largest Mediterranean island has long been considered a privileged observatory for the study of several medical conditions. The peculiar epidemiology of mood disorders and suicide across Sardinian sub-regions has long intrigued clinicians and researchers. OBJECTIVE The principal aim of the present study was to test whether the geographical distribution of suicides committed in Sardinian over the last three decades are comparable with the geographical origin of patients hospitalized up to half a century ago. METHOD The distribution of the municipalities of origin of the patients hospitalized in Sardinia between 1901 and 1964 for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression was reanalyzed and compared with the distribution of municipalities where suicides were committed between 1980 and 2013. Data were also analyzed by the altitude above the sea level and by the population size of the municipalities. RESULTS There was a significant variation of hospitalization and suicide rates across Sardinian sub-regions. The sub-regions of origin of the patients hospitalized for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder correlated with each other (P = 0.047). Both hospitalizations and suicides were more incident in municipalities with a higher altitude and a smaller population size. The incidence of hospitalizations and suicides correlated significantly with each other both at the municipality (P = 1.86 x 10-7) and at the sub-region level (P = 1.71 x 10-7). CONCLUSION The present study confirms the peculiar geographical distribution of major psychoses and suicide in Sardinia. The two phenomena appear to have been correlated for as long as one century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bocchetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Traccis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Del Zompo M, Deleuze JF, Chillotti C, Cousin E, Niehaus D, Ebstein RP, Ardau R, Macé S, Warnich L, Mujahed M, Severino G, Dib C, Jordaan E, Murad I, Soubigou S, Koen L, Bannoura I, Rocher C, Laurent C, Derock M, Faucon Biguet N, Mallet J, Meloni R. Association study in three different populations between the GPR88 gene and major psychoses. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2013; 2:152-9. [PMID: 24689078 PMCID: PMC3960057 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR88, coding for a G protein-coupled orphan receptor that is highly represented in the striatum, is a strong functional candidate gene for neuropsychiatric disorders and is located at 1p22-p21, a chromosomal region that we have previously linked to bipolar disorder (BD) in the Sardinian population. In order to ascertain the relevance of GPR88 as a risk factor for psychiatric diseases, we performed a genetic association analysis between GPR88 and BD in a sample of triads (patient and both parents) recruited in the Sardinian and the Palestinian population as well as between GPR88 and schizophrenia (SZ) in triads from the Xhosa population in South Africa. We found a positive association between GPR88 and BD in the Sardinian and Palestinian triads. Moreover, we found a positive association between GPR88 and SZ in triads from the Xhosa population in South Africa. When these results were corrected for multiple testing, the association between GPR88 and BD was maintained in the Palestinian population. Thus, these results suggest that GPR88 deserves consideration as a candidate gene for psychiatric diseases and requires to be further investigated in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Zompo
- Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy ; Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Teaching Hospital of Cagliari, AOUCA Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Teaching Hospital of Cagliari, AOUCA Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Dana Niehaus
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Teaching Hospital of Cagliari, AOUCA Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Louise Warnich
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mustafa Mujahed
- Palestinian Research Center for Genetics of Mental Disorders, Bethlehem Mental Hospital Bethlehem, Palestine
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Esme Jordaan
- Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ibrahim Murad
- Palestinian Research Center for Genetics of Mental Disorders, Bethlehem Mental Hospital Bethlehem, Palestine
| | | | - Liezl Koen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Issam Bannoura
- Palestinian Research Center for Genetics of Mental Disorders, Bethlehem Mental Hospital Bethlehem, Palestine
| | | | - Claudine Laurent
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pierre and Marie Curie Faculty of Medicine Paris, France
| | | | - Nicole Faucon Biguet
- Department of Biotechnology and Biotherapy C.R.I.C.M. UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975/CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM) GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Mallet
- Department of Biotechnology and Biotherapy C.R.I.C.M. UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975/CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM) GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Rolando Meloni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biotherapy C.R.I.C.M. UPMC/INSERM UMR_S975/CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM) GHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Le-Niculescu H, Case NJ, Hulvershorn L, Patel SD, Bowker D, Gupta J, Bell R, Edenberg HJ, Tsuang MT, Kuczenski R, Geyer MA, Rodd ZA, Niculescu AB. Convergent functional genomic studies of ω-3 fatty acids in stress reactivity, bipolar disorder and alcoholism. Transl Psychiatry 2011; 1:e4. [PMID: 22832392 PMCID: PMC3309466 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2011.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids have been proposed as an adjuvant treatment option in psychiatric disorders. Given their other health benefits and their relative lack of toxicity, teratogenicity and side effects, they may be particularly useful in children and in females of child-bearing age, especially during pregnancy and postpartum. A comprehensive mechanistic understanding of their effects is needed. Here we report translational studies demonstrating the phenotypic normalization and gene expression effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acids, specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in a stress-reactive knockout mouse model of bipolar disorder and co-morbid alcoholism, using a bioinformatic convergent functional genomics approach integrating animal model and human data to prioritize disease-relevant genes. Additionally, to validate at a behavioral level the novel observed effects on decreasing alcohol consumption, we also tested the effects of DHA in an independent animal model, alcohol-preferring (P) rats, a well-established animal model of alcoholism. Our studies uncover sex differences, brain region-specific effects and blood biomarkers that may underpin the effects of DHA. Of note, DHA modulates some of the same genes targeted by current psychotropic medications, as well as increases myelin-related gene expression. Myelin-related gene expression decrease is a common, if nonspecific, denominator of neuropsychiatric disorders. In conclusion, our work supports the potential utility of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically DHA, for a spectrum of psychiatric disorders such as stress disorders, bipolar disorder, alcoholism and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Le-Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - N J Case
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - L Hulvershorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S D Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - D Bowker
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - J Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - H J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Kuczenski
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M A Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Z A Rodd
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A B Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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