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Zhang Y, Wei X, Zhang W, Jin F, Cao W, Yue M, Mo S. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism serves as a potential marker of body weight in patients with psychiatric disorders. AIMS Neurosci 2024; 11:188-202. [PMID: 38988887 PMCID: PMC11230859 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2024012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a predominant neurotrophic factor in the brain, indispensable for neuronal growth, synaptic development, neuronal repair, and hippocampal neuroplasticity. Among its genetic variants, the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is widespread in the population and has been associated with the onset and aggravation of diverse pathologies, including metabolic conditions like obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular ailments, cancer, and an array of psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders constitute a broad category of mental health issues that influence mood, cognition, and behavior. Despite advances in research and treatment, challenges persist that hinder our understanding and effective intervention of these multifaceted conditions. Achieving and maintaining stable body weight is pivotal for overall health and well-being, and the relationship between psychiatric conditions and body weight is notably intricate and reciprocal. Both weight gain and loss have been linked to varying mental health challenges, making the disentanglement of this relationship critical for crafting holistic treatment strategies. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism's connection to weight fluctuation in psychiatric patients has garnered attention. This review investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms by which the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism moderates body weight among individuals with psychiatric disorders. It posits the polymorphism as a potential biomarker, offering prospects for improved monitoring and therapeutic approaches for mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingjin Yue
- Henan Tianxing Education and Media Company, Limited, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Saijun Mo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
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Almaghrbi H, Bawadi H. Genetic polymorphisms and their association with neurobiological and psychological factors in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1386233. [PMID: 38979077 PMCID: PMC11229080 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1386233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from diverse studies to assess and investigate the association between gene polymorphisms and psychological and neurobiological factors in patients with AN. Methods A systematic search across PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, along with manual searching, was conducted. The review protocol was approved by PROSPERO (CRD42023452548). Out of 1,250 articles, 11 met the inclusion criteria. The quality of eligible articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool. The systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Results The serotoninergic system, particularly the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, is consistently linked to altered connectivity in the ventral attention network, impaired inhibitory control, and increased susceptibility to AN. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism affects reward processing, motivation, reasoning, working memory, inhibition, and outcome prediction in patients with AN. The dopaminergic system, involving genes like COMT, DRD2, DRD3, and DAT1, regulates reward, motivation, and decision-making. Genetic variations in these dopaminergic genes are associated with psychological manifestations and clinical severity in patients with AN. Across populations, the Val66Met polymorphism in the BDNF gene influences personality traits, eating behaviors, and emotional responses. Genes like OXTR, TFAP2B, and KCTD15 are linked to social cognition, emotional processing, body image concerns, and personality dimensions in patients with AN. Conclusion There was an association linking multiple genes to the susceptibly and/or severity of AN. This genetic factor contributes to the complexity of AN and leads to higher diversity of its clinical presentation. Therefore, conducting more extensive research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of anorexia nervosa pathology is imperative for advancing our understanding and potentially developing targeted therapeutic interventions for the disorder.Systematic review registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [CRD42023452548].
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Almaghrbi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hiba Bawadi
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Ramsay S, Allison K, Temples HS, Boccuto L, Sarasua SM. Inclusion of the severe and enduring anorexia nervosa phenotype in genetics research: a scoping review. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:53. [PMID: 38685102 PMCID: PMC11059621 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-01009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa has one of the highest mortality rates of all mental illnesses. For those who survive, less than 70% fully recover, with many going on to develop a more severe and enduring phenotype. Research now suggests that genetics plays a role in the development and persistence of anorexia nervosa. Inclusion of participants with more severe and enduring illness in genetics studies of anorexia nervosa is critical. OBJECTIVE The primary goal of this review was to assess the inclusion of participants meeting the criteria for the severe enduring anorexia nervosa phenotype in genetics research by (1) identifying the most widely used defining criteria for severe enduring anorexia nervosa and (2) performing a review of the genetics literature to assess the inclusion of participants meeting the identified criteria. METHODS Searches of the genetics literature from 2012 to 2023 were performed in the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. Publications were selected per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The criteria used to define the severe and enduring anorexia nervosa phenotype were derived by how often they were used in the literature since 2017. The publications identified through the literature search were then assessed for inclusion of participants meeting these criteria. RESULTS most prevalent criteria used to define severe enduring anorexia nervosa in the literature were an illness duration of ≥ 7 years, lack of positive response to at least two previous evidence-based treatments, a body mass index meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 for extreme anorexia nervosa, and an assessment of psychological and/or behavioral severity indicating a significant impact on quality of life. There was a lack of consistent identification and inclusion of those meeting the criteria for severe enduring anorexia nervosa in the genetics literature. DISCUSSION This lack of consistent identification and inclusion of patients with severe enduring anorexia nervosa in genetics research has the potential to hamper the isolation of risk loci and the development of new, more effective treatment options for patients with anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ramsay
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics Program, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Kendra Allison
- School of Nursing, Clemson University , Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Heide S Temples
- School of Nursing, Clemson University , Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics Program, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Sara M Sarasua
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics Program, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Abou Al Hassan S, Cutinha D, Mattar L. The impact of COMT, BDNF and 5-HTT brain-genes on the development of anorexia nervosa: a systematic review. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1323-1344. [PMID: 32783113 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The genetic aspect of anorexia nervosa (AN) involving specific genes of the central-nervous-system has not yet been clearly understood. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the impact of three candidate genes of the brain: catechol-O-methyltransferase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and serotonin transporter protein, on the susceptibility to AN and identify whether a clear connection persists between each of the gene-polymorphisms and AN. METHODS A total of 21 articles were selected for this review conforming to the PRISMA guidelines. Detailed keyword combinations were implemented within specific databases such as MEDLINE, SCIENCEDIRECT and PUBMED. RESULTS The catechol-O-methyltransferase gene-polymorphism did not show any change in phenotypic variation between AN and control subjects; but the familial association was rather strong with an over-transmission of the H allele. The latter also correlated with several dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scale. A notable relation was indicated between BDNF gene-polymorphism and anorexia-restrictive in terms of phenotypic distribution; the Met66-allele also depicted high association with anorexic behavioral traits. The 5-HTTLPR gene-polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with AN susceptibility with an over-transmission of the S-allele from parents to offspring. CONCLUSION The systematic review distinctively emphasized the genetic contribution of the brain-genes on the development of AN. Despite significant study findings, no clear and standardized genetic route was determined to be the cause of AN development. Future research is needed on these specific genes to closely monitor the genetic polymorphisms and their mechanism on AN susceptibility. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I, systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirine Abou Al Hassan
- Dietetic Department, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Division of Medicine, Eating Disorders and Clinical Nutrition, University College London, London, UK
| | - Darren Cutinha
- Division of Medicine, Eating Disorders and Clinical Nutrition, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lama Mattar
- Nutrition Division, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Akbarian SA, Salehi-Abargouei A, Pourmasoumi M, Kelishadi R, Nikpour P, Heidari-Beni M. Association of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphisms with body mass index: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Med Sci 2018; 63:43-56. [PMID: 28818748 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies with inconsistent results have assessed the association of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms with prevalence of obesity and overweight. This review aims to provide a summary of the literature evaluating the relation between BDNF genotype and body mass index (BMI). METHODS A systematic search through PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, Ovid and Cochrane was performed. We included observational studies with cross-sectional and case-control design, which investigated relationship between all kinds of BDNF polymorphisms with BMI, as a representative index of obesity and overweight. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included articles. RESULTS Thirty five studies were included in quantitative synthesis. Analyses were performed separately using OR, β coefficient and mean. Significant association were documented between rs925946 and BMI (OR=1.12, 95% CI=1.08-1.17, P heterogeneity=0.317), rs10501087 and BMI (OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.04-1.24, P heterogeneity=0.861), rs6265 and BMI (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.07-1.19, P heterogeneity=0.406), rs988712 and BMI (OR=1.29, 95% CI=1.18-1.40, P heterogeneity=0.602). According to pooled β coefficient analysis, significant result was only observed in the rs925946 polymorphism subgroup. Pooled mean analysis showed that overall effects for the association between BDNF polymorphisms and BMI were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that some polymorphisms in BDNF gene including rs925946, rs10501087, rs6265 and rs988712 can be considered as genetic determinants of obesity.
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Kim DY, Yu J, Mui RK, Niibori R, Taufique HB, Aslam R, Semple JW, Cordes SP. The tyrosine kinase receptor Tyro3 enhances lifespan and neuropeptide Y (Npy) neuron survival in the mouse anorexia ( anx) mutation. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:581-595. [PMID: 28093506 PMCID: PMC5451163 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe appetite and weight loss define the eating disorder anorexia nervosa, and can also accompany the progression of some neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although acute loss of hypothalamic neurons that produce appetite-stimulating neuropeptide Y (Npy) and agouti-related peptide (Agrp) in adult mice or in mice homozygous for the anorexia (anx) mutation causes aphagia, our understanding of the factors that help maintain appetite regulatory circuitry is limited. Here we identify a mutation (C19T) that converts an arginine to a tryptophan (R7W) in the TYRO3 protein tyrosine kinase 3 (Tyro3) gene, which resides within the anx critical interval, as contributing to the severity of anx phenotypes. Our observation that, like Tyro3-/- mice, anx/anx mice exhibit abnormal secondary platelet aggregation suggested that the C19T Tyro3 variant might have functional consequences. Tyro3 is expressed in the hypothalamus and other brain regions affected by the anx mutation, and its mRNA localization appeared abnormal in anx/anx brains by postnatal day 19 (P19). The presence of wild-type Tyro3 transgenes, but not an R7W-Tyro3 transgene, doubled the weight and lifespans of anx/anx mice and near-normal numbers of hypothalamic Npy-expressing neurons were present in Tyro3-transgenic anx/anx mice at P19. Although no differences in R7W-Tyro3 signal sequence function or protein localization were discernible in vitro, distribution of R7W-Tyro3 protein differed from that of Tyro3 protein in the cerebellum of transgenic wild-type mice. Thus, R7W-Tyro3 protein localization deficits are only detectable in vivo Further analyses revealed that the C19T Tyro3 mutation is present in a few other mouse strains, and hence is not the causative anx mutation, but rather an anx modifier. Our work shows that Tyro3 has prosurvival roles in the appetite regulatory circuitry and could also provide useful insights towards the development of interventions targeting detrimental weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Y Kim
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Room 876, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Joanna Yu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Room 876, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ryan K Mui
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Room 876, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rieko Niibori
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Room 876, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Hamza Bin Taufique
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Room 876, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rukhsana Aslam
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2M1, Canada
| | - John W Semple
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michaels Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services, 67 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2M1, Canada
| | - Sabine P Cordes
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Room 876, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's Crescent, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Hinney A, Kesselmeier M, Jall S, Volckmar AL, Föcker M, Antel J, Heid IM, Winkler TW, Grant SFA, Guo Y, Bergen AW, Kaye W, Berrettini W, Hakonarson H, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, de Zwaan M, Herzog W, Ehrlich S, Zipfel S, Egberts KM, Adan R, Brandys M, van Elburg A, Boraska Perica V, Franklin CS, Tschöp MH, Zeggini E, Bulik CM, Collier D, Scherag A, Müller TD, Hebebrand J. Evidence for three genetic loci involved in both anorexia nervosa risk and variation of body mass index. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:192-201. [PMID: 27184124 PMCID: PMC5114162 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of normal body weight is disrupted in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) for prolonged periods of time. Prior to the onset of AN, premorbid body mass index (BMI) spans the entire range from underweight to obese. After recovery, patients have reduced rates of overweight and obesity. As such, loci involved in body weight regulation may also be relevant for AN and vice versa. Our primary analysis comprised a cross-trait analysis of the 1000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the lowest P-values in a genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAMA) of AN (GCAN) for evidence of association in the largest published GWAMA for BMI (GIANT). Subsequently we performed sex-stratified analyses for these 1000 SNPs. Functional ex vivo studies on four genes ensued. Lastly, a look-up of GWAMA-derived BMI-related loci was performed in the AN GWAMA. We detected significant associations (P-values <5 × 10-5, Bonferroni-corrected P<0.05) for nine SNP alleles at three independent loci. Interestingly, all AN susceptibility alleles were consistently associated with increased BMI. None of the genes (chr. 10: CTBP2, chr. 19: CCNE1, chr. 2: CARF and NBEAL1; the latter is a region with high linkage disequilibrium) nearest to these SNPs has previously been associated with AN or obesity. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that the strongest BMI signal originated predominantly from females (chr. 10 rs1561589; Poverall: 2.47 × 10-06/Pfemales: 3.45 × 10-07/Pmales: 0.043). Functional ex vivo studies in mice revealed reduced hypothalamic expression of Ctbp2 and Nbeal1 after fasting. Hypothalamic expression of Ctbp2 was increased in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice as compared with age-matched lean controls. We observed no evidence for associations for the look-up of BMI-related loci in the AN GWAMA. A cross-trait analysis of AN and BMI loci revealed variants at three chromosomal loci with potential joint impact. The chromosome 10 locus is particularly promising given that the association with obesity was primarily driven by females. In addition, the detected altered hypothalamic expression patterns of Ctbp2 and Nbeal1 as a result of fasting and DIO implicate these genes in weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Kesselmeier
- Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - S Jall
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center & German Diabetes Center (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A-L Volckmar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - I M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S F A Grant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Guo
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - W Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - W Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Hakonarson
- The Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - M de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - W Herzog
- Department of Internal Medicine II, General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU-Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - K M Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - R Adan
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - M Brandys
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - A van Elburg
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V Boraska Perica
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - C S Franklin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - M H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center & German Diabetes Center (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - C M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Collier
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
- Eli Lilly and Company Ltd, Surrey, UK
| | - A Scherag
- Clinical Epidemiology, Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - T D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center & German Diabetes Center (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - J Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Notaras M, Hill R, van den Buuse M. The BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism as a modifier of psychiatric disorder susceptibility: progress and controversy. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:916-30. [PMID: 25824305 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a primary role in neuronal development, differentiation and plasticity in both the developing and adult brain. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the proregion of BDNF, termed the Val66Met polymorphism, results in deficient subcellular translocation and activity-dependent secretion of BDNF, and has been associated with impaired neurocognitive function in healthy adults and in the incidence and clinical features of several psychiatric disorders. Research investigating the Val66Met polymorphism has increased markedly in the past decade, and a gap in integration exists between and within academic subfields interested in the effects of this variant. Here we comprehensively review the role and relevance of the Val66Met polymorphism in psychiatric disorders, with emphasis on suicidal behavior and anxiety, eating, mood and psychotic disorders. The cognitive and molecular neuroscience of the Val66Met polymorphism is also concisely reviewed to illustrate the effects of this genetic variant in healthy controls, and is complemented by a commentary on the behavioral neuroscience of BDNF and the Val66Met polymorphism where relevant to specific disorders. Lastly, a number of controversies and unresolved issues, including small effect sizes, sampling of allele inheritance but not genotype and putative ethnicity-specific effects of the Val66Met polymorphism, are also discussed to direct future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Notaras
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R Hill
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M van den Buuse
- 1] Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia [2] School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Gervasini G, Gamero-Villarroel C. Discussing the putative role of obesity-associated genes in the etiopathogenesis of eating disorders. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1287-1305. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the identification of mutations clearly related to Mendelian forms of obesity; genome-wide association studies and follow-up studies have in the last years pinpointed several loci associated with BMI. These genetic alterations are located in or near genes expressed in the hypothalamus that are involved in the regulation of eating behavior. Accordingly, it seems plausible that these SNPs, or others located in related genes, could also help develop aberrant conduct patterns that favor the establishment of eating disorders should other susceptibility factors or personality dimensions be present. However, and somewhat surprisingly, with few exceptions such as BDNF, the great majority of the genes governing these pathways remain untested in patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder. In the present work, we review the few existing studies, but also indications and biological concepts that point to these genes in the CNS as good candidates for association studies with eating disorder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Gervasini
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Av. Elvas s/n, E-06005, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carmen Gamero-Villarroel
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Av. Elvas s/n, E-06005, Badajoz, Spain
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Kazantseva A, Gaysina D, Kutlumbetova Y, Kanzafarova R, Malykh S, Lobaskova M, Khusnutdinova E. Brain derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF) and personality traits: the modifying effect of season of birth and sex. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 56:58-65. [PMID: 25132151 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Personality traits are complex phenotypes influenced by interactions of multiple genetic variants of small effect and environmental factors. It has been suggested that the brain derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF) is involved in personality traits. Season of birth (SOB) has also been shown to affect personality traits due to its influences on brain development during prenatal and early postnatal periods. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of BDNF on personality traits; and the modifying effects of SOB and sex on associations between BDNF and personality traits. A sample of 1018 young adults (68% women; age range 17-25years) of Caucasian origin from the Russian Federation was assessed on personality traits (Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, Persistence, Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, Self-transcendence) with the Temperament and Character Inventory-125 (TCI-125). Associations between personality traits and 12 BDNF SNPs were tested using linear regression models. The present study demonstrated the effect of rs11030102 on Persistence in females only (PFDR=0.043; r(2)=1.3%). There were significant interaction effects between Val66Met (rs6265) and SOB (PFDR=0.048, r(2)=1.4%), and between rs2030323 and SOB (PFDR=0.042, r(2)=1.3%), on Harm Avoidance. Our findings provide evidence for the modifying effect of SOB on the association between BDNF and Harm Avoidance, and for the modifying effect of sex on the association between BDNF and Persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kazantseva
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450054, Russia.
| | - D Gaysina
- Rudd Centre for Adoption Research and Practice, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom.
| | - Yu Kutlumbetova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450054, Russia; Bashkir State University, 32, Zaki Validi, Ufa 450074, Russia.
| | - R Kanzafarova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450054, Russia; Bashkir State University, 32, Zaki Validi, Ufa 450074, Russia
| | - S Malykh
- Psychological Institute, Russian Academy of Education, 9/4, Mohovaya Street, Moscow 125009, Russia.
| | - M Lobaskova
- Udmurt State University, Universitetskaya St. 1Izhevsk, 426034, Russia
| | - E Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 71, Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450054, Russia; Rudd Centre for Adoption Research and Practice, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
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BDNF genetic variability modulates psychopathological symptoms in patients with eating disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 23:669-79. [PMID: 24292283 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-013-0495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene may influence eating behavior, body weight and cognitive impairments. We aimed to investigate whether BDNF genetic variability may affect anthropometric and psychological parameters in patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa (AN, BN) and/or modulate the risk for the disorder. A total of 169 unrelated female patients and 312 healthy controls were genotyped for two common BDNF single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Val66Met and C-270T, and several selected tag-SNPs. Associated personality characteristics and psychopathological symptoms were assessed by the EDI-2 and SCL-90R inventories, respectively. No single SNP or haplotype played a relevant role in the risk for AN or BN. The rs16917237 TT genotype was significantly associated with increased weight (74.63 ± 16.58 vs. 57.93 ± 13.02) and body mass index (28.94 ± 6.22 vs. 22.23 ± 4.77) in the BN group after correcting for multiple testing. Haplotype analyses using a sliding window approach with three adjacent SNPs produced four loci of interest. Locus 3 (rs10835210/rs16917237/C-270T) showed a broad impact on the measured psychopathological symptoms. Haplotypes CGC and CGT in this locus correlated with scores in all three scales of the SCL-90R inventory, both in AN and BN patients. In contrast, the results of the EDI-2 inventory were largely unaffected. These preliminary results suggest that variability in the BDNF gene locus may contribute to anthropometric characteristics and also psychopathological symptoms that are common but not exclusive of ED patients.
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Abstract
Over the past decade, considerable advances have been made in understanding genetic influences on eating pathology. Eating disorders aggregate in families, and twin studies reveal that additive genetic factors account for approximately 40% to 60% of liability to anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). Molecular genetics studies have been undertaken to identify alterations in deoxyribonucleic acid sequence and/or gene expression that may be involved in the pathogenesis of disordered eating behaviors, symptoms, and related disorders and to uncover potential genetic variants that may contribute to variability of treatment response. This article provides an in-depth review of the scientific literature on the genetics of AN, BN, and BED including extant studies, emerging hypotheses, future directions, and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Trace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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The role of ghrelin, salivary secretions, and dental care in eating disorders. Nutrients 2012; 4:967-89. [PMID: 23016127 PMCID: PMC3448082 DOI: 10.3390/nu4080967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders, including anorexia and bulimia nervosa, are potentially life-threatening syndromes characterized by severe disturbances in eating behavior. An effective treatment strategy for these conditions remains to be established, as patients with eating disorders tend to suffer from multiple relapses. Because ghrelin was originally discovered in the stomach mucosa, it has been widely studied over the past decade in an effort to uncover its potential roles; these studies have shed light on the mechanism by which ghrelin regulates food intake. Thus, studying ghrelin in the context of eating disorders could improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of eating disorders, possibly resulting in a promising new pharmacological treatment strategy for these patients. In addition, early detection and treatment of eating disorders are critical for ensuring recovery of young patients. Oral symptoms, including mucosal, dental, and saliva abnormalities, are typically observed in the early stages of eating disorders. Although oral care is not directly related to the treatment of eating disorders, knowledge of the oral manifestations of eating disorder patients may aid in early detection, resulting in earlier treatment; thus, oral care might contribute to overall patient management and prognosis. Moreover, ghrelin has also been found in saliva, which may be responsible for oral hygiene and digestion-related functions. This review discusses the pharmacological potential of ghrelin in regulating food-intake and the role of saliva and oral care in young patients with eating disorders.
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