1
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Yang C, Arora S, Maldonado S, Pratt DA, Stephenson CRJ. The design of PINO-like hydrogen-atom-transfer catalysts. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:653-666. [PMID: 37464019 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) is a valuable hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) catalyst for selective C-H functionalization. To advance and optimize PINO-catalysed HAT reactions, researchers have been focused on modifying the phthalimide core structure. Despite much effort and some notable advances, the modifications to date have centred on optimization of a single parameter of the catalyst, such as reactivity, solubility or stability. Unfortunately, the optimization with respect to one parameter is often associated with a worsening of the others. The derivation of a single catalyst structure with optimal performance across multiple parameters has therefore remained elusive. Here we present an analysis of the structure-activity relationships of PINO and its derivatives as HAT catalysts, which we hope will stimulate further development of PINO-catalysed HAT reactions and, ultimately, lead to much improved catalysts for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sahil Arora
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen Maldonado
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Corey R J Stephenson
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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2
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Abstract
Nitroxides, also known as nitroxyl radicals, are long-lived or stable radicals with the general structure R1R2N-O•. The spin distribution over the nitroxide N and O atoms contributes to the thermodynamic stability of these radicals. The presence of bulky N-substituents R1 and R2 prevents nitroxide radical dimerization, ensuring their kinetic stability. Despite their reactivity toward various transient C radicals, some nitroxides can be easily stored under air at room temperature. Furthermore, nitroxides can be oxidized to oxoammonium salts (R1R2N═O+) or reduced to anions (R1R2N-O-), enabling them to act as valuable oxidants or reductants depending on their oxidation state. Therefore, they exhibit interesting reactivity across all three oxidation states. Due to these fascinating properties, nitroxides find extensive applications in diverse fields such as biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, materials science, and organic synthesis. This review focuses on the versatile applications of nitroxides in organic synthesis. For their use in other important fields, we will refer to several review articles. The introductory part provides a brief overview of the history of nitroxide chemistry. Subsequently, the key methods for preparing nitroxides are discussed, followed by an examination of their structural diversity and physical properties. The main portion of this review is dedicated to oxidation reactions, wherein parent nitroxides or their corresponding oxoammonium salts serve as active species. It will be demonstrated that various functional groups (such as alcohols, amines, enolates, and alkanes among others) can be efficiently oxidized. These oxidations can be carried out using nitroxides as catalysts in combination with various stoichiometric terminal oxidants. By reducing nitroxides to their corresponding anions, they become effective reducing reagents with intriguing applications in organic synthesis. Nitroxides possess the ability to selectively react with transient radicals, making them useful for terminating radical cascade reactions by forming alkoxyamines. Depending on their structure, alkoxyamines exhibit weak C-O bonds, allowing for the thermal generation of C radicals through reversible C-O bond cleavage. Such thermally generated C radicals can participate in various radical transformations, as discussed toward the end of this review. Furthermore, the application of this strategy in natural product synthesis will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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3
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Cao S, Ban X, Yin Y, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Asymmetric Olefin Isomerization via Photoredox Catalytic Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Enantioselective Protonation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18307-18315. [PMID: 37552539 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric olefin isomerization can be appreciated as an ideal synthetic approach to access valuable enantioenriched C═C-containing molecules due to the excellent atom economy. Nonetheless, its occurrence usually requires a thermodynamic advantage, namely, a higher stability of the product to the substrate. It has thus led to rather limited examples of success. Herein, we report a photoredox catalytic hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and enantioselective protonation strategy for the challenging asymmetric olefin isomerization. As a paradigm, by establishing a dual catalyst system involving a visible light photosensitizer DPZ and a chiral phosphoric acid, with the assistance of N-hydroxyimide to perform HAT, a wide array of allylic azaarene derivatives, featuring α-tertiary carbon stereocenters and β-C═C bonds, was synthesized with high yields, ees, and E/Z ratios starting from the conjugated α-substituted alkenylazaarene E/Z-mixtures. The good compatibility of assembling deuterium on stereocenters by using inexpensive D2O as a deuterium source further underscores the broad applicability and promising utility of this strategy. Moreover, mechanistic studies have provided clear insights into its challenges in terms of reactivity and enantioselectivity. The exploration will robustly inspire the development of thermodynamically unfavorable asymmetric olefin isomerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Linghong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xu Ban
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 451001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
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4
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Nguyen K, Nguyen V, Tran H, Pham P. Organo-photocatalytic C-H bond oxidation: an operationally simple and scalable method to prepare ketones with ambient air. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7168-7178. [PMID: 36891491 PMCID: PMC9986805 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00332a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative C-H functionalization with O2 is a sustainable strategy to convert feedstock-like chemicals into valuable products. Nevertheless, eco-friendly O2-utilizing chemical processes, which are scalable yet operationally simple, are challenging to develop. Here, we report our efforts, via organo-photocatalysis, in devising such protocols for catalytic C-H bond oxidation of alcohols and alkylbenzenes to ketones using ambient air as the oxidant. The protocols employed tetrabutylammonium anthraquinone-2-sulfonate as the organic photocatalyst which is readily available from a scalable ion exchange of inexpensive salts and is easy to separate from neutral organic products. Cobalt(ii) acetylacetonate was found to be greatly instrumental to oxidation of alcohols and therefore was included as an additive in evaluating the alcohol scope. The protocols employed a nontoxic solvent, could accommodate a variety of functional groups, and were readily scaled to 500 mmol scale in a simple batch setting using round-bottom flasks and ambient air. A preliminary mechanistic study of C-H bond oxidation of alcohols supported the validity of one possible mechanistic pathway, nested in a more complex network of potential pathways, in which the anthraquinone form - the oxidized form - of the photocatalyst activates alcohols and the anthrahydroquinone form - the relevant reduced form of the photocatalyst - activates O2. A detailed mechanism, which reflected such a pathway and was consistent with previously accepted mechanisms, was proposed to account for formation of ketones from aerobic C-H bond oxidation of both alcohols and alkylbenzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ky Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Van Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Hieu Tran
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Phong Pham
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoi Vietnam
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5
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Synthetic Access to Aromatic α-Haloketones. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113583. [PMID: 35684526 PMCID: PMC9182500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Haloketones play an essential role in the synthesis of complex N-, S-, O-heterocycles; of which some exhibit a remarkable biological activity. Research further illustrated that α-bromo-, α-chloro-, and α-iodoketones are key precursors for blockbuster pharmacological compounds. Over the past twenty years, substantial advances have been made in the synthesis of these industrially relevant building blocks. Efforts have focused on rendering the synthetic protocols greener, more effective and versatile. In this survey, we summarised and thoroughly evaluated the progress of the field, established in the past two decades, in terms of generality, efficacy and sustainability.
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6
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Tan Z, Zhu S, Liu Y, Feng X. Photoinduced Chemo‐, Site‐ and Stereoselective α‐C(sp
3
)−H Functionalization of Sulfides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenda Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
- Institute of Chemical Biology Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518132 China
| | - Shibo Zhu
- Institute of Chemical Biology Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518132 China
| | - Yangbin Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518132 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Institute of Chemical Biology Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518132 China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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7
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Tan Z, Zhu S, Liu Y, Feng X. Photoinduced Chemo-, Site- and Stereoselective α-C(sp 3 )-H Functionalization of Sulfides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203374. [PMID: 35445505 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquity of sulfur-containing molecules in biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals has long attracted synthetic chemists to develop efficient strategies towards their synthesis. The strategy of direct α-C(sp3 )-H modification of sulfides provides a streamlining access to complex sulfur-containing molecules. Herein, we report a photoinduced chemo-, site- and stereoselective α-C(sp3 )-H functionalization of sulfides using isatins as the photoredox reagent and coupling partner catalyzed by a chiral gallium(III)-N,N'-dioxide complex. The reaction proceeds through a verified single-electron transfer (SET) mechanism with high efficiency, excellent functional group tolerance, as well as a broad substrate scope. Importantly, this cross-coupling protocol is highly selective for the direct late-stage functionalization of methionine-related peptides, regardless of the inherent structural similarity and complexity of diverse residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenda Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Shibo Zhu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Yangbin Liu
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.,Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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8
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Torregrosa-Chinillach A, Chinchilla R. Visible Light-Induced Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of C-N/C-O to C=N/C=O Bonds Using Metal-Free Photocatalysts: Recent Developments. Molecules 2022; 27:497. [PMID: 35056812 PMCID: PMC8780101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing synthetic transformation using visible light as energy source, in the presence of a photocatalyst as a promoter, is currently of high interest, and oxidation reactions carried out under these conditions using oxygen as the final oxidant are particularly convenient from an environmental point of view. This review summarizes the recent developments achieved in the oxidative dehydrogenation of C-N and C-O bonds, leading to C=N and C=O bonds, respectively, using air or pure oxygen as oxidant and metal-free homogeneous or recyclable heterogeneous photocatalysts under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Chinchilla
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), University of Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
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9
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Liu J, Guðmundsson A, Bäckvall J. Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Organic Molecules by Multistep Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University 410082 Changsha China
- Department of Organic Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University SE-10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Arnar Guðmundsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University SE-10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jan‐E. Bäckvall
- Department of Organic Chemistry Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University SE-10691 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Natural Sciences Mid Sweden University Holmgatan 10 SE-85170 Sundsvall Sweden
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10
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Liu J, Guðmundsson A, Bäckvall JE. Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Organic Molecules by Multistep Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15686-15704. [PMID: 33368909 PMCID: PMC9545650 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This Minireview presents recent important homogenous aerobic oxidative reactions which are assisted by electron transfer mediators (ETMs). Compared with direct oxidation by molecular oxygen (O2), the use of a coupled catalyst system with ETMs leads to a lower overall energy barrier via stepwise electron transfer. This cooperative catalytic process significantly facilitates the transport of electrons from the reduced form of the substrate‐selective redox catalyst (SSRCred) to O2, thereby increasing the efficiency of the aerobic oxidation. In this Minireview, we have summarized the advances accomplished in recent years in transition‐metal‐catalyzed as well as metal‐free aerobic oxidations of organic molecules in the presence of ETMs. In addition, the recent progress of photochemical and electrochemical oxidative functionalization using ETMs and O2 as the terminal oxidant is also highlighted. Furthermore, the mechanisms of these transformations are showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arnar Guðmundsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-E Bäckvall
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Holmgatan 10, SE-85170, Sundsvall, Sweden
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11
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Gu J, Wan Y, Ma H, Zhu H, Bu H, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Wu ZG, Li Y. Ferric ion concentration-controlled aerobic photo-oxidation of benzylic C–H bond with high selectivity and conversion. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Pokluda A, Anwar Z, Boguschová V, Anusiewicz I, Skurski P, Sikorski M, Cibulka R. Robust Photocatalytic Method Using Ethylene‐Bridged Flavinium Salts for the Aerobic Oxidation of Unactivated Benzylic Substrates. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pokluda
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Zubair Anwar
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61–614 Poznań Poland
| | - Veronika Boguschová
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Iwona Anusiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Gdańsk Wita Stwosza 63 80–308 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Piotr Skurski
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Gdańsk Wita Stwosza 63 80–308 Gdańsk Poland
| | - Marek Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61–614 Poznań Poland
| | - Radek Cibulka
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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13
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Oliva M, Coppola GA, Van der Eycken EV, Sharma UK. Photochemical and Electrochemical Strategies towards Benzylic C−H Functionalization: A Recent Update. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Oliva
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC) Department of Chemistry University of Leuven (KU Leuven) Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Guglielmo A. Coppola
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC) Department of Chemistry University of Leuven (KU Leuven) Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC) Department of Chemistry University of Leuven (KU Leuven) Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) 6 Miklukho-Maklaya street RU-117198 Moscow Russia
| | - Upendra K. Sharma
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC) Department of Chemistry University of Leuven (KU Leuven) Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
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14
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Torregrosa-Chinillach A, Chinchilla R. Synthesis of Xanthones, Thioxanthones and Acridones by a Metal-Free Photocatalytic Oxidation Using Visible Light and Molecular Oxygen. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040974. [PMID: 33673146 PMCID: PMC7918112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
9H-Xanthenes, 9H-thioxanthenes and 9,10-dihydroacridines can be easily oxidized to the corresponding xanthones, thioxanthones and acridones, respectively, by a simple photo-oxidation procedure carried out using molecular oxygen as oxidant under the irradiation of visible blue light and in the presence of riboflavin tetraacetate as a metal-free photocatalyst. The obtained yields are high or quantitative.
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15
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Audebert P, Kroke E, Posern C, Lee SH. State of the Art in the Preparation and Properties of Molecular Monomeric s-Heptazines: Syntheses, Characteristics, and Functional Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2515-2544. [PMID: 33449621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an account on the fast expanding field of monomeric (or molecular) heptazines, at the exclusion of their various polymeric forms, often referred to as carbon nitrides. While examples of monomeric heptazines were extremely limited until the beginning of this century, the field has started expanding quickly since then, as has the number of reports on polymeric materials, though previous reviews did not separate these fields. We provide here a detailed report on the synthetic procedures for molecular heptazines. We also extensively report on the different achievements realized from these new molecules, in the fields of physical chemistry, spectroscopy, materials preparation, (photo)catalysis, and devices. After a comprehensive summary and discussion on heptazines syntheses and characteristics, we show that starting from well-defined molecules allows a versatility of approaches and a wide tunability of the expected properties. It comes out that the field of monomeric heptazines is now emerging and possibly heading toward maturity, while diverging from the one of polymeric carbon nitrides. It is likely that this area of research will quickly surge to the forefront of the search for active organic molecules, with special attention to the domains of catalysis and organic-based functional materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Audebert
- PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8531, 61, Avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan cedex, France.,XLIM Institute, CNRSUMR 7252, 123 Av Albert Thomas, Limoges 87000, France
| | - Edwin Kroke
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Christian Posern
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8531, 61, Avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan cedex, France
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16
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Santra SK, Szpilman AM. Visible-Spectrum Solar-Light-Mediated Benzylic C-H Oxygenation Using 9,10-Dibromoanthracene As an Initiator. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1164-1171. [PMID: 33236899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a visible-light-mediated benzylic C-H oxygenation reaction. The reaction is initiated by solar light or the blue LED activation of 9,10-dibromoanthracene in a reaction with oxygen and takes place at ambient temperature and air pressure. Secondary benzylic positions are oxygenated to ketones, while tertiary benzylic carbons are oxygenated to give hydroperoxides. Notably, cumene hydroperoxide is produced in a higher yield and at milder conditions than the currently employed industrial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav K Santra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000 Ariel, Israel
| | - Alex M Szpilman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000 Ariel, Israel
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17
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Lv X, Xu H, Yin Y, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Visible
Light‐Driven
Cooperative
DPZ
and Chiral
Hydrogen‐Bonding
Catalysis. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Lv
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Hehuan Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Yanli Yin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
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18
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Gulati U, Gandhi R, Laha JK. Benzylic Methylene Functionalizations of Diarylmethanes. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3135-3161. [PMID: 32794651 PMCID: PMC7436909 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diarylmethanes are cardinal scaffolds by virtue of their unique structural feature including the presence of a benzylic CH2 group that can be easily functionalized to generate a variety of fascinating molecules holding immense importance in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material sciences. While the originally developed protocols for benzylic C-H functionalization in diarylmethanes employing base-mediated and metal-catalyzed strategies are still actively used, they are joined by a new array of metal-free conditions, offering milder and benign conditions. With the recent surge of interest towards the synthesis of functionalized diarylmethanes, numerous choices are now available for a synthetic organic chemist to transform the benzylic C-H bond to C-C or C-X bond offering the synthesis of any molecule of choice. This review highlights benzylic methylene (CH2 ) functionalizations of diaryl/heteroarylmethanes utilizing various base-mediated, transition-metal-catalyzed, and transition-metal free approaches for the synthesis of structurally diverse important organic molecules, often with a high chemo-, regio- and enantio-selectivity. This review also attempts to provide analysis of the scope and limitations, mechanistic understanding, and sustainability of the transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upma Gulati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S., Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Radhika Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S., Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S., Nagar, 160062, Punjab, India
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19
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Yin Y, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Advances in the Synthesis of Imine‐Containing Azaarene Derivatives via Photoredox Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yin
- College of Bioengineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
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20
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Jia P, Li Q, Poh WC, Jiang H, Liu H, Deng H, Wu J. Light-Promoted Bromine-Radical-Mediated Selective Alkylation and Amination of Unactivated C(sp3)–H Bonds. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Lubov DP, Talsi EP, Bryliakov KP. Methods for selective benzylic C–H oxofunctionalization of organic compounds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Jain A, Ameta C. Novel Way to Harness Solar Energy: Photo-Redox Catalysis in Organic Synthesis. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s002315842002007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Betori RC, May CM, Scheidt KA. Combined Photoredox/Enzymatic C-H Benzylic Hydroxylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16490-16494. [PMID: 31465617 PMCID: PMC6829040 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemical transformations that install heteroatoms into C-H bonds are of significant interest because they streamline the construction of value-added small molecules. Direct C-H oxyfunctionalization, or the one step conversion of a C-H bond to a C-O bond, could be a highly enabling transformation due to the prevalence of the resulting enantioenriched alcohols in pharmaceuticals and natural products,. Here we report a single-flask photoredox/enzymatic process for direct C-H hydroxylation that proceeds with broad reactivity, chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity. This unified strategy advances general photoredox and enzymatic catalysis synergy and enables chemoenzymatic processes for powerful and selective oxidative transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick C Betori
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Catherine M May
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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24
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Betori RC, May CM, Scheidt KA. Combined Photoredox/Enzymatic C−H Benzylic Hydroxylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rick C. Betori
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Molecular Innovation and Drug DiscoveryNorthwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Catherine M. May
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Molecular Innovation and Drug DiscoveryNorthwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Molecular Innovation and Drug DiscoveryNorthwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
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25
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Sterckx H, Morel B, Maes BUW. Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of C(sp 3 )-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7946-7970. [PMID: 30052305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation reactions are a key technology to transform hydrocarbons from petroleum feedstock into chemicals of a higher oxidation state, allowing further chemical transformations. These bulk-scale oxidation processes usually employ molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant as at this scale it is typically the only economically viable oxidant. The produced commodity chemicals possess limited functionality and usually show a high degree of symmetry thereby avoiding selectivity issues. In sharp contrast, in the production of fine chemicals preference is still given to classical oxidants. Considering the strive for greener production processes, the use of O2 , the most abundant and greenest oxidant, is a logical choice. Given the rich functionality and complexity of fine chemicals, achieving regio/chemoselectivity is a major challenge. This review presents an overview of the most important catalytic systems recently described for aerobic oxidation, and the current insight in their reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Sterckx
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Morel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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26
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Sterckx H, Morel B, Maes BUW. Katalytische, aerobe Oxidation von C(sp
3
)‐H‐Bindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Sterckx
- Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020 Antwerpen Belgien
| | - Bénédicte Morel
- Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020 Antwerpen Belgien
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- Department of Chemistry University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020 Antwerpen Belgien
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27
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Geng S, Xiong B, Zhang Y, Zhang J, He Y, Feng Z. Thiyl radical promoted iron-catalyzed-selective oxidation of benzylic sp3 C–H bonds with molecular oxygen. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12699-12702. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A ligand-free iron-catalyzed method for the oxygenation of benzylic sp3 C–H bonds by molecular oxygen (1 atm) using a thiyl radical as a cocatalyst has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Geng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Baojian Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Yun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
| | - Zhang Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
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28
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Deng HP, Zhou Q, Wu J. Microtubing-Reactor-Assisted Aliphatic C−H Functionalization with HCl as a Hydrogen-Atom-Transfer Catalyst Precursor in Conjunction with an Organic Photoredox Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ping Deng
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
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29
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Deng HP, Zhou Q, Wu J. Microtubing-Reactor-Assisted Aliphatic C−H Functionalization with HCl as a Hydrogen-Atom-Transfer Catalyst Precursor in Conjunction with an Organic Photoredox Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12661-12665. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ping Deng
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province; Henan University; Kaifeng, Henan P. R. China 475004
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province; Henan University; Kaifeng, Henan P. R. China 475004
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31
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Wakaki T, Sakai K, Enomoto T, Kondo M, Masaoka S, Oisaki K, Kanai M. C(sp3
)−H Cyanation Promoted by Visible-Light Photoredox/Phosphate Hybrid Catalysis. Chemistry 2018; 24:8051-8055. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Wakaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kentaro Sakai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Takafumi Enomoto
- Institute for Molecular Science; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
| | - Mio Kondo
- Institute for Molecular Science; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Masaoka
- Institute for Molecular Science; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; 5-1 Higashiyama Myodaiji Okazaki 444-8787 Japan
| | - Kounosuke Oisaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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32
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Shao T, Yin Y, Lee R, Zhao X, Chai G, Jiang Z. Sequential Photoredox Catalysis for Cascade Aerobic Decarboxylative Povarov and Oxidative Dehydrogenation Reactions of N
-Aryl α-Amino Acids. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianju Shao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering; Henan University; Kaifeng, Henan People's Republic of China 475004
| | - Yanli Yin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering; Henan University; Kaifeng, Henan People's Republic of China 475004
- College of Bioengineering; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Richmond Lee
- Singapore University of Technology and Design; 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering; Henan University; Kaifeng, Henan People's Republic of China 475004
| | - Guobi Chai
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC; Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC; Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering; Henan University; Kaifeng, Henan People's Republic of China 475004
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33
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Sandzhieva MA, Aryamova ES, Sukharzhevskii SM, Grinenko EV, Vasilyev AV. Oxidation of Iodo- and Bromo-Substituted Polymethylbenzenes in the System PbO2–CF3COOH–CH2Cl2. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428018030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Lang X, Zhao J. Integrating TEMPO and Its Analogues with Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:599-613. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Lang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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35
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Li S, Zhu B, Lee R, Qiao B, Jiang Z. Visible light-induced selective aerobic oxidative transposition of vinyl halides using a tetrahalogenoferrate(iii) complex catalyst. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00798a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-induced aerobic oxidative transposition of vinyl halides to access significant α-halo ketones has been developed by using a novel tetrahalogenoferrate(iii) complex photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Richmond Lee
- Singapore University of Science and Technology
- Singapore 487372
- Singapore
| | - Baokun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- China
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36
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Takenaka H, Masuhara Y, Narita K, Nokami T, Itoh T. Synthesis of 2,2-difluoro-homoallylic alcohols via ring-opening of gem-difluorocyclopropane and aerobic oxidation by photo-irradiation in the presence of an organic pigment. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6106-6114. [PMID: 30091778 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01740a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aerobic oxidation took place after the visible light-mediated ring-opening reaction of gem-difluorocyclopropane in the presence of an organic dye and amine to furnish 2,2-difluoro-homoallylic alcohols in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Takenaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8552
- Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Masuhara
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8552
- Japan
| | - Kent Narita
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8552
- Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8552
- Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8552
- Japan
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37
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Zhao R, Shi L. A renaissance of ligand-to-metal charge transfer by cerium photocatalysis. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00893k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diverse alcohols, serving as substrates or co-catalysts, and Ce(iv) achieve photoinduced LMCT to generate highly active alkoxy radicals, which opens a new avenue for many difficult HAT reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- School of Science
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- P. R. China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Science
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- P. R. China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
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38
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Tanaka H, Sakai K, Kawamura A, Oisaki K, Kanai M. Sulfonamides as new hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysts for photoredox allylic and benzylic C–H arylations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3215-3218. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09457d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonamides function as novel hydrogen atom transfer catalysts applicable to C–H arylations with a photoredox catalyst for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Kentaro Sakai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Kounosuke Oisaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-0033
- Japan
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39
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Zhang W, Gacs J, Arends IWCE, Hollmann F. Selective Photooxidation Reactions using Water-Soluble Anthraquinone Photocatalysts. ChemCatChem 2017; 9:3821-3826. [PMID: 29201242 PMCID: PMC5698721 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aerobic organocatalytic oxidation of alcohols was achieved by using water‐soluble sodium anthraquinone sulfonate. Under visible‐light activation, this catalyst mediated the aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones. The photo‐oxyfunctionalization of alkanes was also possible under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyuan Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 92629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Jenő Gacs
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 92629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Isabel W C E Arends
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 92629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 92629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
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40
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Sambiagio C, Sterckx H, Maes BUW. Electrosynthesis: A New Frontier in Aerobic Oxidation? ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:686-688. [PMID: 28776008 PMCID: PMC5532737 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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