1
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Meng F, Cui Y, Xu W, Yang WC. Visible-Light-Induced Domino Perfluoroalkylation/Cyclization to Access Perfluoroalkylated Quinazolinones by an EDA Complex. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39087724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes have been extensively studied, which formed an electronically excited state, obviating the need for an exogenous photocatalyst. Herein, we report a mild and efficient strategy for photoinduced radical domino perfluoroalkylation/cyclization using N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine (TMEDA) as an electron donor. This protocol could be well expanded to access various polycyclic quinazolinones containing perfluoroalkyl groups, exhibiting photocatalyst-free, good functional group tolerance, and environmentally friendly features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Meng
- Institute of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yangyang Cui
- Institute of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Institute of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Institute of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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2
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Lei ZL, Ding ZC, Li SH, Cui FH, Tang HT, Pan YM. Electrochemical synthesis of β-difluoromethylamide compounds by N-benzenesulfonylacrylamide with difluorine reagents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7614-7617. [PMID: 38957034 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02543a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A mild and efficient electrochemical method for radical addition, cyclization, and migration reaction was described in this work. A difluoromethyl radical was produced by anodizing CF2HSO2Na. The resulting product was then added to olefin, underwent Smiles cyclization, and migrated to form β-difluoromethamide compounds after the release of SO2. The process was free from metals and catalysts, gram-grade, and resistant to a variety of electron-rich substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Long Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Shu-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei-Hu Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Chalyk BA, Zginnyk O, Khutorianskyi AV, Mykhailiuk PK. Functionalization of Alkenes with Difluoromethyl Nitrile Oxide to Access the Difluoromethylated Derivatives. Org Lett 2024; 26:2888-2892. [PMID: 38497552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Electron-rich, electron-deficient, and non-activated alkenes can be rapidly functionalized by in situ-generated difluoromethyl nitrile oxide. The (3+2) cycloaddition proceeds at room temperature, has broad functional group tolerance, and can be used for the late-stage modification of bioactive molecules (finasteride and carbamazepine). The obtained CF2H-isoxazolines can be easily transformed into CF2H-containing building blocks for medicinal chemistry: amines, amino acids, amino alcohols, and spirocyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan A Chalyk
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Epiendo Pharmaceuticals, Sverige filial, Banvaktsvägen 22, 171 48 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, 5 Academician Kukharya Street, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
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4
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Xie Q, Hu J. A Journey of the Development of Privileged Difluorocarbene Reagents TMSCF 2X (X = Br, F, Cl) for Organic Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:693-713. [PMID: 38354302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusAs fluorine has played an increasingly important role in modulating the physical, chemical, and biological properties of organic molecules, the selective introduction of fluorine atom(s) or fluorinated moieties into target molecules has become a powerful tool in the development of new pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. In this context, the difluoromethylene (CF2) and difluoromethyl (CF2H) groups are of special interest because of their ability to serve as bioisosteres of ethereal oxygen atoms and hydroxyl (OH) and thiol (SH) groups, respectively. Difluorocarbene is one of the most versatile reactive intermediates to incorporate CF2 and CF2H groups; however, before 2006, most of the previously known difluorocarbene reagents suffered from several drawbacks such as using ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), difficult-to-handle reagents, or harsh reaction conditions or having narrow substrate scope and/or low yields. Moreover, the reactivity of difluorocarbene generated from different precursors (reagents) was often unpredictable, since the difluorocarbene generation conditions (activation modes) of various difluorocarbene precursors are different, and these conditions may mismatch those required for subsequent difluorocarbene-involved transformations. Therefore, the development of new environmentally friendly and versatile difluorocarbene reagents, as well as the investigation of the mechanistic insights into difluorocarbene-involved reactions, has been highly desirable.In this Account, we summarize our contributions to the development of new difluorocarbene reagents and their applications in organic synthesis since 2006. We have developed seven new difluorocarbene reagents, including 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetophenone (1), chlorodifluoromethyl phenyl sulfone (2), S-difluoromethyl-S-phenyl-N-tosylsulfoximine (3), difluoromethyltri(n-butyl)ammonium chloride (4), (chlorodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF2Cl, 5), (bromodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF2Br, 6), and (trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF3, 7). In this journey, we realized the key factor for an ideal difluorocarbene reagent that can be used for a broad range of reactions, that is, the reagent should allow various activation modes for the generation of difluorocarbene species, such as under basic/acidic/neutral conditions, at wide range of temperatures, and in different solvents, which are compatible with a wide range of difluorocarbene-involved transformations. Among all known difluorocarbene reagents, silanes TMSCF2X (X = Br, F, Cl) have stood out as privileged ones, which paves a new avenue for further developing difluorocarbene chemistry. In particular, TMSCF2Br was recognized as an "all-rounder": TMSCF2Br can be applied in almost all common difluorocarbene-involved reactions, and more importantly, TMSCF2Br also enables many other novel transformations that other difluorocarbene reagents cannot achieve, thanks to its unique structure and rich activation modes of releasing difluorocarbene under different reaction conditions. It can be expected that with the commercial availability of TMSCF2X reagents (X = Br, F, Cl) now, the development of difluorocarbene chemistry will be accelerated in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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5
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Li S, Wang X, Yang Y, Ni C, Hu J. Divergent Generation of the Difluoroalkyl Radical and Difluorocarbene via Selective Cleavage of C-S Bonds of the Sulfox-CF 2SO 2Ph Reagent. Org Lett 2024; 26:872-876. [PMID: 38236716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
A new difluoroalkylation reagent Sulfox-CF2SO2Ph bearing both sulfoximine and sulfone moieties was prepared from commercially available SulfoxFluor and PhSO2CF2H. On one hand, the Sulfox-CF2SO2Ph reagent could act as a (phenylsulfonyl)difluoromethyl radical source under photoredox catalysis, in which the arylsulfoximidoyl group is selectively removed. On the other hand, under basic conditions, Sulfox-CF2SO2Ph could serve as a difluorocarbene precursor for S- and O-difluoromethylations with S- and O-nucleophiles, respectively, in which the phenylsulfonyl group in Sulfox-CF2SO2Ph is selectively removed (followed by α-elimination of the arylsulfoximidoyl group).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shali Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yide Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Joseph E, Smith I, Tunge JA. Cobalt-catalyzed decarboxylative difluoroalkylation of nitrophenylacetic acid salts. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13902-13907. [PMID: 38075641 PMCID: PMC10699560 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05583c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The selective installation of fluorine-containing groups into biologically relevant molecules has been used as a common strategy for the development of pharmaceutically active molecules. However, the selective incorporation of gem-difluoromethylene groups next to sterically demanding secondary and tertiary alkyl groups remains a challenge. Herein, we report the first cobalt-catalyzed regioselective difluoroalkylation of carboxylic acid salts. The reaction allows for the facile construction of various difluoroalkylated products in good yields tolerating a wide range of functionalities on either reaction partner. The potential of the method is illustrated by the late-stage functionalization of molecules of biological relevance. Mechanistic studies support the in situ formation of a cobalt(i) species and the intermediacy of difluoroalkyl radicals, thus suggesting a Co(i)/Co(ii)/Co(iii) catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebbin Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas 1567 Irving Rd, Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Ian Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas 1567 Irving Rd, Lawrence KS 66045 USA
| | - Jon A Tunge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas 1567 Irving Rd, Lawrence KS 66045 USA
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7
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Xie F, Han F, Yan Y, Li H, Hao J, Jing L, Han P. Difluoromethylation-Carboxylation and -Deuteration of Alkenes Triggered by Electroreduction of Difluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38056421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
It is significant to develop novel difluoromethylation methods because of the important roles of difluoromethyl groups in the medicinal chemistry and material industries. Here, we developed a novel difluoromethylation-carboxylation and difluoromethylation-deuteration method triggered by a difluoromethyl radical generated by electroreduction of stable and easily available difluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide. Various molecules containing difluoromethyl and carboxyl or deuterium groups can be synthesized through this method. The establishment of this method will provide an alternative to radical difluoromethylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Xie
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Fen Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yunying Yan
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Haiqiong Li
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Jianjun Hao
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Linhai Jing
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Pan Han
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
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8
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Amii H. Copper-Catalyzed Aromatic Trifluoromethylation and the Related Transformations. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300154. [PMID: 37489548 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoromethylated aromatic compounds (Ar-CF3 ) are the substances of considerable interest in various industrial fields. The high lipophilicity, strong electron-withdrawing ability, and characteristic size of trifluoromethyl group are key influences in biologically active molecules. Due to these attractive properties, the benzotrifluoride structural motifs have been widely employed in the design of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, liquid crystals, and polymers. Therefore, the development of highly efficient methodologies for aromatic trifluoromethylation is of significant importance for wide fields of science and technology. Recently, a great deal of attention has been paid to catalytic protocols to introduce fluoroalkyl groups into aromatic rings selectively. This personal account highlights the copper-mediated aromatic trifluoromethylation and the related transformations developed by our research group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Amii
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
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9
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Song H, Li J, Zhang Y, Chen K, Liu L, Zhang J, Duan XH, Hu M. Photoredox Catalysis-Enabled C-H Difluoromethylation of Heteroarenes with Pentacoordinate Phosphorane as the Reagent. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12013-12023. [PMID: 37549379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Difluoromethylated heterocyclic compounds have found broad applications in numerous bioactive molecules. Herein, we report photoredox catalysis-induced direct C-H difluoromethylation of heterocycles by using bis(difluoromethyl) pentacoordinate phosphorane (PPh3(CF2H)2, 1) as the reagent. A variety of heterocycles, such as quinoxalin-2(1H)-one, thiophene, indole, and coumarin, are readily tailored with a difluoromethyl group. The method is featured as transition-metal-free by using an organic compound Erythrosin B as the catalyst and O2 as the oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Song
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yinbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Le Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Mingyou Hu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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10
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Thibeault O, Ouellet-Du Berger MR, Gonay M, Paquin JF. Room temperature deoxofluorination of aromatic aldehydes with XtalFluor-E under highly concentrated conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6115-6119. [PMID: 37462469 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00859b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of difluoromethyl-containing compounds exploiting the deoxofluorination reaction of aromatic aldehydes using XtalFluor-E is described. This transformation occurs at room temperature under highly concentrated conditions, i.e., with no added solvent. A wide range of difluoromethyl-containing compounds was obtained in 21 to 87% isolated yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Thibeault
- CCVC, PROTEO, Département Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | | | - Marie Gonay
- CCVC, PROTEO, Département Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- CCVC, PROTEO, Département Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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11
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Pan S, Chen F, Zhang Y, Shao L, Chu L. Nickel-Catalyzed Markovnikov-Selective Hydrodifluoromethylation of Alkynes Using BrCF 2 H. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305426. [PMID: 37293885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A Markovnikov-selective hydrodifluoromethylation of alkynes with BrCF2 H via nickel catalysis is described. This protocol proceeds via a migratory insertion of nickel hydride to alkyne followed by a CF2 H-coupling, enabling straightforward access to diverse branched CF2 H-alkenes with high efficiency and exclusive regioselectivity. The mild condition applies to a wide array of aliphatic and aryl alkynes with good functional group compatibility. Mechanistic studies are presented to support the proposed pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Liang Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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12
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Su Q, Gao H, Qin G, Jiang Y, Xiao T. Controlled Synthesis of α-CF 2H or α-CF 2Cl Styrenes from the Same Precursors: Dehydrazinative Hydrogenation or Chlorination of 3,3-Difluoroallyl Hydrazines. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37262306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
By carefully choosing the reaction conditions, we have developed the controllable FeCl3- or CuCl2-mediated dehydrazinative hydrogenation or chlorination of 3,3-difluoroallyl hydrazines to access α-CF2H or α-CF2Cl styrenes. The current reaction provides for the first time a facile method for the direct and selective synthesis of α-CF2H and α-CF2Cl styrenes starting from the same precursors, which is easy to scale up and displays a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, product derivatization experiments demonstrated that the resulting α-CF2Cl styrenes are practical and versatile building blocks for the diversified synthesis of fluorinated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinshuang Su
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road 727, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Gao
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road 727, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China
| | - Guiping Qin
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road 727, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Jiang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road 727, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China
| | - Tiebo Xiao
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road 727, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P. R. China
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13
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Zhang TY, Wu Y, Liu S, Tao JQ, Yang X, Wang XQ, Duan XH, Guo LN. Iron-Catalyzed Alkoxyl Radical-Induced C-C Bond Cleavage/ gem-Difluoroalkylation Cascade. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37262417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An inexpensive iron-catalyzed alkoxyl radical-induced C-C bond cleavage/gem-difluoroalkylation cascade is presented. Regulated by the structure of alkoxyl radical precursors, fluorinated distal diketones were synthesized through a ring-opening strategy and difluoroalkylated medium-sized lactones and macrolactones were constructed via a ring-expansion strategy. Both protocols proceeded under mild and redox neutral conditions with a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Qi Tao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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14
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Shen ZJ, Zhu C, Zhang X, Yang C, Rueping M, Guo L, Xia W. Organoboron Reagent-Controlled Selective (Deutero)Hydrodefluorination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217244. [PMID: 36525004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
(Deuterium-labeled) CF2 H- and CFH2 -moieties are of high interest in drug discovery. The high demand for the incorporation of these fluoroalkyl moieties into molecular structures has witnessed significant synthetic progress, particularly in the (deutero)hydrodefluorination of CF3 -containing compounds. However, the controllable replacement of fluorine atoms while maintaining high chemoselectivity remains challenging. Herein, we describe the development of a selective (deutero)hydrodefluorination reaction via electrolysis. The reaction exhibits a remarkable chemoselectivity control, which is enabled by the addition of different organoboron sources. The procedure is operationally simple and scalable, and provides access in one step to high-value building blocks for application in medicinal chemistry. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out to investigate the reaction mechanism and to rationalize the chemoselectivity observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jia Shen
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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15
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Bai D, Guo Y, Ma D, Guo X, Wu H. Copper-Catalyzed Hydroamination of gem-Difluoroalkenes Access to Diversified α-Difluoromethyl Amines. Org Lett 2023; 25:533-537. [PMID: 36637250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The difluoromethyl group (CF2H) is of great importance in medicinal chemistry. We report herein an efficient method for the synthesis of diversified α-difluoromethyl amines through copper-catalyzed hydroamination of gem-difluoroalkenes, where the C-N bond formed via a α-CF2H transition-metal intermediate. This new reaction proceeds through Cu-H insertion to gem-difluoroalkenes and gives valuable alkyl-CF2H-containing compounds, which overcome the much more challenged β-F elimination from α-fluoroalkyl organocopper species. The reaction exhibits broad substrate scope with readily available starting materials and commercial catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachang Bai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P R China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiuli Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hao Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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16
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Wang J, Wang Y, Liang Y, Zhou L, Liu L, Zhang Z. Late-Stage Modification of Drugs via Alkene Formal Insertion into Benzylic C-F Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215062. [PMID: 36418222 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
C-F insertion of carbon-atom units is underdeveloped although it poses significant potential applications in both drug discovery and development. Herein, we report a photocatalytic protocol for late-stage modification of trifluoromethyl aromatic drugs involving formal insertion of abundant alkene feedstocks into a benzylic C-F bond selectively. This redox-neutral transformation features mild conditions and extraordinary functional group tolerance. Preliminary studies are consistent with this transformation involving a radical-polar crossover pathway. Additionally, it offers an alternative strategy for difunctionalization of alkenes via quenching of the carbocation intermediate with nucleophiles other than external fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Liejin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Zuxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, 321004, Jinhua, China
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17
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Sanz-Marco A, Esperilla D, Montesinos-Magraner M, Vila C, Muñoz MC, Pedro JR, Blay G. A Cu-BOX catalysed enantioselective Mukaiyama-aldol reaction with difluorinated silyl enol ethers and acylpyridine N-oxides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:345-350. [PMID: 36484719 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01763f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A Cu(II)/BOX complex catalyses the enantioselective addition of difluorinated silyl enol ethers to acylpyridine N-oxides. The reaction provides difluorinated chiral tertiary alcohols of great interest in medicinal chemistry. These compounds are obtained in moderate to excellent yields and with high enantioselectivities. The stereochemical outcome of the reaction has been explained by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Sanz-Marco
- Departament de Química Orgànica-Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Daniel Esperilla
- Departament de Química Orgànica-Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Marc Montesinos-Magraner
- Departament de Química Orgànica-Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Carlos Vila
- Departament de Química Orgànica-Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Muñoz
- Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Cami de Vera s/n, 46022-València, Spain
| | - José R Pedro
- Departament de Química Orgànica-Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo Blay
- Departament de Química Orgànica-Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot, València, Spain.
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18
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Monsigny L, Doche F, Besset T. Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond activation as a sustainable strategy for the synthesis of fluorinated molecules: an overview. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:448-473. [PMID: 37123090 PMCID: PMC10130906 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed the emergence of innovative synthetic tools for the synthesis of fluorinated molecules. Among these approaches, the transition-metal-catalyzed functionalization of various scaffolds with a panel of fluorinated groups (XRF, X = S, Se, O) offered straightforward access to high value-added compounds. This review will highlight the main advances made in the field with the transition-metal-catalyzed functionalization of C(sp2) and C(sp3) centers with SCF3, SeCF3, or OCH2CF3 groups among others, by C-H bond activation. The scope and limitations of these transformations are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Monsigny
- Normandie University, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Floriane Doche
- Normandie University, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Tatiana Besset
- Normandie University, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France
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19
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Zhu M, Tian Y, Sha J, Fu W. Photocatalytic radical cascade cyclization of
N
‐(o–cyanobiaryl) acrylamides: access to CF
2
H‐functionalized pyrido[4,3,2‐gh] phenanthridines. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhu
- College of Food and Drug Luoyang Normal University 471934 Luoyang P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Fuction-Oriented Porous Materials Luoyang Normal University 471022 Luoyang P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Sha
- College of Food and Drug Luoyang Normal University 471934 Luoyang P. R. China
| | - Weijun Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Fuction-Oriented Porous Materials Luoyang Normal University 471022 Luoyang P. R. China
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20
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Versatile Fluorine-Containing Building Blocks: β-CF 3-1,3-enynes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249020. [PMID: 36558151 PMCID: PMC9786819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of diversity-oriented synthesis based on fluorine-containing building blocks has been one of the hot research fields in fluorine chemistry. β-CF3-1,3-enynes, as one type of fluorine-containing building blocks, have attracted more attention in the last few years due to their distinct reactivity. Numerous value-added trifluoromethylated or non-fluorinated compounds which have biologically relevant structural motifs, such as O-, N-, and S-heterocycles, carboncycles, fused polycycles, and multifunctionalized allenes were synthesized from these fluorine-containing building blocks. This review summarizes the most significant developments in the area of synthesis of organofluorine compounds based on β-CF3-1,3-enynes, providing a detailed overview of the current state of the art.
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21
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Zhang FX, Lin JH, Xiao JC. Difluoromethylsulfonyl Imidazolium Salt for Difluoromethylation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:7611-7616. [PMID: 36201292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a difluoromethylsulfonyl imidazolium salt, which can act as a radical difluoromethylation reagent to achieve the challenging amino- and oxy-difluoromethylation of alkenes. Notably, the three steps for the synthesis of the imidazolium salt do not require any tedious distillation or column chromatography purification process, and the amino- and oxy-difluoromethylation paths are simply determined by the selection of reaction solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
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22
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Li P, Liu Q, Sun DQ, Chen XY. Catalytic charge transfer complex enabled difluoromethylation of enamides with difluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7599-7603. [PMID: 36148776 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01539k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic charge transfer complex strategy that enabled difluoromethylation and ethoxycarbonylmonofluoromethylation of enamides with phosphonium bromine salts has been reported. This strategy also provides a convenient approach for the synthesis of functionalized oxindoles and 1,1-diphenylethylenes with easily available phosphonium bromine salts and a catalytic amount of iodine anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- School of life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
| | - De-Qun Sun
- School of life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
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23
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Zhang ZQ, Sang YQ, Wang CQ, Dai P, Xue XS, Piper JL, Peng ZH, Ma JA, Zhang FG, Wu J. Difluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes Using Freon-22 through Tertiary Amine-Borane-Triggered Halogen Atom Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14288-14296. [PMID: 35895322 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The application of abundant and inexpensive fluorine feedstock sources to synthesize fluorinated compounds is an appealing yet underexplored strategy. Here, we report a photocatalytic radical hydrodifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes with an inexpensive industrial chemical, chlorodifluoromethane (ClCF2H, Freon-22). This protocol is realized by merging tertiary amine-ligated boryl radical-induced halogen atom transfer (XAT) with organophotoredox catalysis under blue light irradiation. A broad scope of readily accessible alkenes featuring a variety of functional groups and drug and natural product moieties could be selectively difluoromethylated with good efficiency in a metal-free manner. Combined experimental and computational studies suggest that the key XAT process of ClCF2H is both thermodynamically and kinetically favored over the hydrogen atom transfer pathway owing to the formation of a strong boron-chlorine (B-Cl) bond and the low-lying antibonding orbital of the carbon-chlorine (C-Cl) bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qi Zhang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yue-Qian Sang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. of China
| | - Cheng-Qiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Peng Dai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. of China
| | - Jared L Piper
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development Medicine, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zhi-Hui Peng
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development Medicine, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China.,Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Fa-Guang Zhang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China.,Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Jie Wu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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24
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Lei Z, Wei S, Zhou L, Zhang Z, Lopez SE, Dolbier WR. Photocatalytic difluoromethylarylation of unactivated alkenes via a (hetero)aryl neophyl-like radical migration. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5712-5715. [PMID: 35838250 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00813k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox-catalyzed addition of the difluoromethylradical to unactivated alkenes has been found to trigger neophyl-like aryl and heteroaryl migrations which allowed the construction of a diverse series of difluoromethyl ketones. The reaction featured mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Lei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Siqi Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Liejin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China.
| | - Zuxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
| | - Simon E Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
| | - William R Dolbier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
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25
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Liu F, Lv L, Ma Y, Li Z. Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Difluoromethylation‐Peroxidation of Alkenes: Synthesis of β‐Difluoromethyl Peroxides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Renmin University of China Chemistry CHINA
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Renmin University of China Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Zhiping Li
- Renmin University of China Chemistry CHINA
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26
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Xiang J, Patureau FW. Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling of Chloro‐ and Fluoroalkanes with Methylarenes. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Xiang Xiang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Frederic W. Patureau
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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27
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Senatore R, Malik M, Pace V. Fluoroiodomethane: A CH2F‐Moiety Delivering Agent Suitable for Nucleophilic‐, Electrophilic‐ and Radical‐Harnessed Operations. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Jiang D, Jia J, Wang B, Li B. Access to 5-fluoroalkylated trisubstituted oxazoles via copper-catalyzed cyclization of α-fluoroalkyl-α-diazoketones with amides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4853-4856. [PMID: 35348157 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel copper-catalyzed cyclization of α-fluoroalkyl-α-diazoketones with (thio)amides has been developed. This mechanistically distinct protocol provides a robust and straightforward approach to construct 5-fluoroalkylated trisubstituted oxazoles and thiazoles with high efficiency and excellent functional group compatibility. Experimental studies suggest a mechanism involving imidate ligand migratory insertion of a copper carbenoid as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Jingpei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Baiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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29
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Diao Z, Feng Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Li H, Ding C, Zhou Z, Li X. Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Coupling of (Hetero)aryl Halides with 2‐Chloro‐1,1‐difluoroethane: Facile Access to 2,2‐Difluoroethylated Aromatics. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhen Diao
- Shandong University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yu Feng
- Shandong University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jida Zhang
- Shandong University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xin Wang
- Dongyue Fluorosilicone Technology State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials CHINA
| | - Hansheng Li
- Dongyue Fluorosilicone Technology State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials CHINA
| | - Chen Ding
- Dongyue Fluorosilicone Technology State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials CHINA
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Shandong University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xinjin Li
- Shandong University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 266 West Xincun Road 255000 Zibo CHINA
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30
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Visible-light-induced direct hydrodifluoromethylation of alkenes with difluoromethyltriphenylphosphonium iodide salt. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Dong L, Feng T, Xiong D, Xu Z, Cheng J, Xu X, Shao X, Li Z. Copper(II)-Catalyzed Direct C-H Trifluoroethylation of Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:1913-1917. [PMID: 35261242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoroethyl (CH2CF3) is an important functional group in many pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds. Herein, we report an efficient method for the copper-catalyzed direct trifluoroethylation of heteroarenes. The reaction exhibited good compatibility to various substrates, and the desired products were obtained in good yields. Preliminary mechanistic investigations indicate the trifluoroethyl radical is involved in the catalytic circle. Moreover, the late-stage modification of bioactive molecules further confirmed the practical applications of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefeng Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Dongdong Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xusheng Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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32
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Duan J, Choy PY, Gan KB, Kwong FY. N-Difluoromethylation of N-pyridyl-substituted anilines with ethyl bromodifluoroacetate. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1883-1887. [PMID: 35171189 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00119e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general protocol for N-difluoromethylation of aniline derivatives is developed. Commercially available ethyl bromodifluoroacetate serves as a difluorocarbene source in the presence of a base. This carbene surrogate is attractive owing to its favorable stability, environmental friendliness and inexpensiveness. This reaction system features notable operational simplicity (bench top-grade solvents can be used without any pre-drying and do not require inert atmosphere protection). A wide range of functional groups in aniline derivatives are well-tolerated, and good-to-excellent product yields are generally obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindian Duan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Pui Ying Choy
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
| | - Kin Boon Gan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
| | - Fuk Yee Kwong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
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33
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Nambo M, Crudden CM. Sequential Transformations of Organosulfones on the Basis of Properties of Sulfonyl Groups. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Nambo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University
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34
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García-Ramos M, Lavandera I. Transaminases as suitable catalysts for the synthesis of enantiopure β,β-difluoroamines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:984-988. [PMID: 35040845 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02346b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transaminases have shown the ability to catalyze the amination of a series of aliphatic and (hetero)aromatic α,α-difluorinated ketones with high stereoselectivity, thus providing the corresponding β,β-difluoroamines in high isolated yields (55-82%) and excellent enantiomeric excess (>99%). It was also observed that these activated substrates could be quantitatively transformed by employing a small molar excess of the amine donor since this amination process was thermodynamically favored. Selected transformations could be scaled up to 500 mg, showing the robustness of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina García-Ramos
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Iván Lavandera
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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35
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Murtaza A, Qamar MA, Saleem K, Hardwick T, Zia Ul Haq, Shirinfar B, Ahmed N. Renewable Electricity Enables Green Routes to Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100296. [PMID: 35103382 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses of chemicals using renewable electricity and when generating high atom economies are considered green and sustainable processes. In the present state of affairs, electrochemical manufacturing of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals is not as common place as it could be and therefore, merits more attention. There is also a need to turn attention toward the electrochemical synthesis of valuable chemicals from recyclable greenhouse gases that can accelerate the process of circular economy. CO2 emissions are the major contributor to human-induced global warming. CO2 conversion into chemicals is a valuable application of its utilisation and will contribute to circular economy while maintaining environmental sustainability. Herein, we present an overview of electro-carboxylation, including mechanistic aspects, which forms carboxylic acids using molecular carbon dioxide. We also discuss atom economies of electrochemical fluorination, methoxylation and amide formation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Murtaza
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais Qamar
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Kaynat Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Tomas Hardwick
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.,National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zia Ul Haq
- Chemical Engineering department, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | | | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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36
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Zheng K, Liu Y, Zheng C, Yan F, Xiao H, feng Y, Fan S. Palladium‐Catalyzed Monofluoroalkylation of Aryl Iodides and Aryl Bromides with Nucleophilic Ethyl 2‐Fluoro‐2‐(trimethylsilyl)acetate. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hua Xiao
- Hefei University of Technology CHINA
| | | | - Shilu Fan
- Hefei University of Technology CHINA
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37
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Li H, Wang F, Zhu S, Chu L. Selective Fluoromethyl Couplings of Alkynes via Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers Sand Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers Sand Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers Sand Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers Sand Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
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38
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Bai D, Wu F, Chang L, Wang M, Wu H, Chang J. Highly Regio‐ and Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of
gem
‐Difluoroalkenes by Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dachang Bai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
| | - Fen Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China
| | - Lingna Chang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China
| | - Manman Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China
| | - Hao Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China
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39
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Shi L, An D, Mei GJ. Difluoromethylation of Heterocycles via a Radical Process. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00762b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Difluoromethylation is of prime importance for its applicability in functionalizing diverse fluorine-containing heterocycles, which are core moieties of various biologically and pharmacologically active ingredients. Due to their significant biological and...
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40
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Tan JF, Bormann CT, Severin K, Cramer N. Chemo- and regio-divergent access to fluorinated 1-alkyl and 1-acyl triazenes from alkynyl triazenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3409-3415. [PMID: 35432853 PMCID: PMC8943902 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00294a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene unit is a prevalent pattern in bioactive molecules and functional materials. Despite being in principle a straightforward strategy to access this motif, the direct tetrafluorination of alkynes involves...
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fay Tan
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Carl Thomas Bormann
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, EPFL SB ISIC LCS, BCH 3307 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry, EPFL SB ISIC LCS, BCH 3307 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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41
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Mengmeng G, Zilun Y, Yulan C, Danhua G, Mengtao M, Zhiliang S, Xueqiang C. Difluorinated Silyl Enol Ethers as Fluorine-Containing Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Organofluorine Compounds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202204060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Deng Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Sun S, Ma S, Jia P, Li W, Wang K, Yan W. Efficient enantioselective synthesis of CF2H-containing dispiro[benzo[b]thiophene-oxindole-pyrrolidine]s via organocatalytic cycloaddition. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01392k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel kind of CF2H-containing dispiro[benzo[b]thiophene-oxindole-pyrrolidine] has been achieved via an organocatalyzed 1,3-dipole reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Deng
- The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongzhen Li
- The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yalan Wang
- The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sichao Ma
- The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pengfei Jia
- The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenguang Li
- The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kairong Wang
- The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenjin Yan
- The Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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43
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Feng J, Jia X, Zhang S, Lu K, Cahard D. State of knowledge in photoredox-catalysed direct difluoromethylation. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00551d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The combination of visible light photoredox catalysis with direct difluoromethylation has allowed the synthesis of a large choice of CF2H-containing value-added molecules under very mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Feng
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Kui Lu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Dominique Cahard
- CNRS, UMR 6014 COBRA, Normandie Université, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
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44
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Dolbier W, Wei S, Le S, Lei Z, Zhou L, Zhang Z. Difluoromethylarylation of α, β- Unsaturated Amides via a Photocatalytic Radical Smiles Rearrangement. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2064-2068. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A photocatalytic Smiles rearrangement, triggered by radical difluoromethylation of conjugated arylsulfonylated amides, was developed to construct both β-difluoromethyl amide and heterocyclic scaffolds selectively. This transformation features mild conditions and broad...
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45
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Li H, Wang F, Zhu S, Chu L. Selective Fluoromethyl Couplings of Alkynes via Nickel Catalysis*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202116725. [PMID: 34962343 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe here a Ni-catalyzed intermolecular carbo-fluoromethylation of alkynes with aliphatic halides and fluoromethyl halides (BrCF 2 H and ICH 2 F) in the presence of zinc, enabling the facile and selective access to a diverse range of biologically valuable CF 2 H/CH 2 F-incorporated alkenes with excellent regio- and stereo-selectivity. Notably, merging intramolecular radical cyclization with fluoromethyl coupling enables the expedient constructions of CF 2 H/CH 2 F-incorporated lactones and lactams with high efficiency and selectivity. Mechanistic studies disclose that this catalytic protocol proceeds via a radical addition to an alkyne followed by selective coupling with the fluoromethyl unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- Donghua University - Songjiang Campus: Donghua University, CALM, 2999 NORTH RENMIN ROAD, 201620, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Fang Wang
- Donghua University - Songjiang Campus: Donghua University, CALM, 2999 NORTH RENMIN ROAD, 201620, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- Donghua University - Songjiang Campus: Donghua University, CALM, 2999 NORTH RENMIN ROAD, 201620, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Lingling Chu
- Donghua University, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, 2999 Renmin Road, Songjiang District, 201620, Shanghai, CHINA
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46
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Bai D, Wu F, Chang L, Wang M, Wu H, Chang J. Highly Regio- and Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of gem-Difluoroalkenes via Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114918. [PMID: 34957676 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of small organic molecules with a difluoromethylated stereocenter is particularly attractive in drug discovery. Herein, we developed an efficient method for the direct generation of difluoromethylated stereocenters through Ni(0)-catalyzed regio - and enantioselective hydrosilylation of gem -difluoroalkenes. The reaction also represents the enantioselective construction of carbon(sp 3 )-silicon bonds with nickel catalysis, which provides an atom- and step-economical synthesis route of high-value optically active α-difluoromethylsilanes. This protocol features with readily available starting materials and commercial chiral catalysis, broad substrates spanning a range of functional groups with high yield (up to 99% yield) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 96% ee). The enantioenriched products undergo a variety of stereospecific transformations. Preliminary mechanistic studies were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachang Bai
- Henan Normal University, school of chemistry and chemical engineering, 46# jianshe road, 456007, xinxiang, CHINA
| | - Fen Wu
- Henan Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Lingna Chang
- Henan Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Manman Wang
- Henan Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Hao Wu
- Henan Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Henan Normal University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
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47
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Olifir OS, Chernykh AV, Dobrydnev AV, Grygorenko OO, Moroz YS, Voitenko ZV, Radchenko DS. Multigram Synthesis of Advanced 6,6-Difluorospiro[3.3]heptane-derived Building Blocks. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:6541-6550. [PMID: 35095338 PMCID: PMC8791643 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
A convenient methodology for constructing 6,6-difluorospiro[3.3]heptane scaffold - a conformationally restricted isostere of gem-difluorocycloalkanes - is developed. Alarge array of novel 2-mono- and 2,2-bifunctionalized difluorospiro[3.3]heptane building blocks was obtained through the convergent synthesis strategy using a common synthetic precursor - 1,1-bis(bromomethyl)-3,3-difluorocyclobutane. The target compounds and intermediates were prepared by short reaction sequences (6-10 steps) on multigram scale (up to 0.47 kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr S Olifir
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Anton V Chernykh
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Alexey V Dobrydnev
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy S Moroz
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Chemspace, Ilukstes iela 38-5, Riga, LV-1082, Latvia
| | - Zoia V Voitenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro S Radchenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
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48
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Cai A, Yan W, Wang C, Liu W. Copper-Catalyzed Difluoromethylation of Alkyl Iodides Enabled by Aryl Radical Activation of Carbon-Iodine Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27070-27077. [PMID: 34652873 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The engagement of unactivated alkyl halides in copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions has been historically challenging, due to their low reduction potential and the slow oxidative addition of copper(I) catalysts. In this work, we report a novel strategy that leverages the halogen abstraction ability of aryl radicals, thereby engaging a diverse range of alkyl iodides in copper-catalyzed Negishi-type cross-coupling reactions at room temperature. Specifically, aryl radicals generated via copper catalysis efficiently initiate the cleavage of the carbon-iodide bonds of alkyl iodides. The alkyl radicals thus generated enter the copper catalytic cycles to couple with a difluoromethyl zinc reagent, thus furnishing the alkyl difluoromethane products. This unprecedented Negishi-type difluoromethylation approach has been applied to the late-stage modification of densely functionalized pharmaceutical agents and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijie Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
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49
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Cai A, Yan W, Wang C, Liu W. Copper‐Catalyzed Difluoromethylation of Alkyl Iodides Enabled by Aryl Radical Activation of Carbon–Iodine Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aijie Cai
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
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50
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Zhao F, Zhou W, Zuo Z. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Difluorinated Architectures from Trifluoromethyl Groups. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hunan University of Medicine Huaihua 418000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hunan University of Medicine Huaihua 418000 People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo Zuo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hunan University of Medicine Huaihua 418000 People's Republic of China
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